Measurement methods, measuring devices, measurement systems, and program products

Abstract

This invention provides a measurement method, measuring device, measuring system, and measuring program, capable of calculating the static and dynamic responses of a moving body on a structure with high precision. In this measurement method, first measurement data based on observation data is filtered to generate second measurement data; a first deflection of the structure is calculated based on an approximation of the structure's deflection, observation information, and environmental information; the first deflection is filtered to calculate a second deflection; a third deflection is calculated based on a first-order coefficient and a zero-order coefficient calculated from the second measurement data and the second deflection, and the second deflection; an offset is calculated based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection; a first static response is calculated by adding the product of the first-order coefficient and the first deflection to the offset; and a first dynamic response is calculated by subtracting the first static response from the first measurement data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to measurement methods, measuring devices, measuring systems, and measurement procedures. Background Technology

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a method for evaluating the dynamic response of a railway bridge. In this method, accelerometers measuring vertical acceleration are installed in the foremost and last carriages of a train. The vertical acceleration of the foremost and last carriages is measured during the train's journey. The accelerometer data is extracted when the train crosses the bridge. The characteristic value of the vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer in the last carriage is divided by the characteristic value of the vertical acceleration measured in the foremost carriage to calculate the acceleration amplification factor. This amplification factor is then substituted into a pre-determined relationship between the bridge's impact factor and the acceleration amplification factor to calculate the bridge's impact factor (dynamic response component). This dynamic response evaluation method focuses on the fact that the bridge produces almost no dynamic response when the foremost carriage passes, but exhibits both static and dynamic responses when the last carriage passes. Based on the vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometers installed in the foremost and last carriages of the train, the bridge's impact factor (dynamic response component) can be calculated simply and comprehensively.

[0003] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-20172

[0004] However, in the dynamic response evaluation method described in Patent Document 1, the acceleration amplification factor obtained by dividing the characteristic quantity of vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer of the last carriage by the characteristic quantity of vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer of the first carriage cannot fully separate the static response and the dynamic response; the relationship between the bridge impact coefficient and the acceleration amplification factor is not accurate enough; there are errors caused by the measurement location of vertical acceleration and carriage vibration, etc., resulting in insufficient accuracy in the calculation of the dynamic response. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One aspect of the measurement method involved in this invention includes:

[0006] The first measurement data generation process generates first measurement data based on physical quantities, which are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point.

[0007] The second measurement data generation process generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component.

[0008] The observation information generation process generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure;

[0009] The average velocity calculation process calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure.

[0010] The first deflection calculation step calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity.

[0011] The second deflection calculation process calculates the second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection.

[0012] The coefficient calculation process involves approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculating the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function.

[0013] The third deflection calculation step calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection.

[0014] The offset calculation process calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection.

[0015] The first static response calculation step involves adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response; and

[0016] The first dynamic response calculation step calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

[0017] One aspect of the measuring device involved in this invention includes:

[0018] The first measurement data generation unit generates first measurement data based on physical quantities based on observation data output from the observation device at the observation point of the observed structure. The physical quantities are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point.

[0019] The second measurement data generation unit generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component.

[0020] The observation information generation unit generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure;

[0021] The average velocity calculation unit calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure.

[0022] The first deflection calculation unit calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity.

[0023] The second deflection calculation unit calculates a second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection.

[0024] The coefficient calculation unit approximates the second measurement data using a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculates the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function.

[0025] The third deflection calculation unit calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection.

[0026] The offset calculation unit calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection;

[0027] The first static response calculation unit calculates the first static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset; and

[0028] The first dynamic response calculation unit calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

[0029] One aspect of the measurement system involved in this invention comprises:

[0030] One aspect of the measuring device; and

[0031] The observation device.

[0032] One aspect of the measurement program involved in this invention causes a computer to perform the following steps:

[0033] The first measurement data generation process generates first measurement data based on physical quantities, which are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point.

[0034] The second measurement data generation process generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component.

[0035] The observation information generation process generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure;

[0036] The average velocity calculation process calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure.

[0037] The first deflection calculation step calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity.

[0038] The second deflection calculation process calculates the second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection.

[0039] The coefficient calculation process involves approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculating the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function.

[0040] The third deflection calculation step calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection.

[0041] The offset calculation process calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection.

[0042] The first static response calculation step involves adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response; and

[0043] The first dynamic response calculation step calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a measurement system.

[0045] Figure 2 It is cut along line AA. Figure 1 A sectional view of the upper structure.

[0046] Figure 3 This is an explanatory diagram of the acceleration detected by the accelerometer.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a graph representing an example of measured data u(t).

[0048] Figure 5 This is a graph representing the power spectral density of the measured data u(t).

[0049] Figure 6 This represents the measured data u lp A diagram of an example of (t).

[0050] Figure 7 This represents the measured data u lp (t) and entry time t i and departure time t o A diagram illustrating an example of a relationship.

[0051] Figure 8 It represents the length L of the carriage. C (C) m ) and the distance La between the axles (a w (C) m A diagram of an example of n).

[0052] Figure 9 This is an explanatory diagram of the structural model of the bridge's superstructure.

[0053] Figure 10 It represents the deflection amount w std (a) w (C) m A diagram of an example of ,n),t).

[0054] Figure 11 It represents the deflection C. std (C) m A diagram of an example of t).

[0055] Figure 12 It represents the deflection T. std A diagram of an example of (t).

[0056] Figure 13 It represents the deflection T. std_lp A diagram of an example of (t).

[0057] Figure 14 It is to measure the data u lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) Overlapping representation of the graph.

[0058] Figure 15 It represents the deflection T. Estd_lp A diagram of an example of (t).

[0059] Figure 16 It represents the deflection T. Estd A diagram of an example of (t).

[0060] Figure 17 It represents the deflection T. Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and the specified interval T for calculating their average. avg A diagram illustrating an example of a relationship.

[0061] Figure 18 It represents the offset T offset_stdA diagram of an example of (t).

[0062] Figure 19 It represents the deflection T. EOstd A diagram of an example of (t).

[0063] Figure 20 This represents the relationship between the measured data u(t) and the deflection T. EOstd A graph showing the relationship between (t).

[0064] Figure 21 It represents the natural vibration u nv A diagram of an example of (t).

[0065] Figure 22 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the measurement method of the first embodiment.

[0066] Figure 23 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process for generating the first measurement data.

[0067] Figure 24 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process for generating the second measurement data.

[0068] Figure 25 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process of generating observation information.

[0069] Figure 26 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process for calculating average speed.

[0070] Figure 27 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process for calculating the first deflection.

[0071] Figure 28 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process for calculating the second deflection.

[0072] Figure 29 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the offset calculation process.

[0073] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a sensor, measuring device, and monitoring device.

[0074] Figure 31 It represents the natural vibration u nv A plot of the power spectral density of (t).

[0075] Figure 32 This is a graph representing the frequency characteristics of a high-pass filter.

[0076] Figure 33 It represents the natural vibration u nv_hp A diagram of an example of (t).

[0077] Figure 34 It is the deflection amount T EOstd (t) and static response T E (t) Overlapping representation of the graph.

[0078] Figure 35 It is the static response T E The graph showing the overlap between u(t) and the measured data u(t).

[0079] Figure 36 It is the static response T E (t) and natural vibration u nv_hp (t) Overlapping representation of the graph.

[0080] Figure 37 It is the static response T E (t) and natural vibration u nv The graph representing the power spectral density overlap of (t).

[0081] Figure 38 It is the vibration component T E_hp (t) and natural vibration u nv_hp (t) Overlapping representation of the graph.

[0082] Figure 39 It is the envelope u hp_mag (t) and envelope u nv_hp_mag (t) Overlapping representation of the graph.

[0083] Figure 40 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the measurement method of the second embodiment.

[0084] Figure 41 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process for calculating the second dynamic response.

[0085] Figure 42 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the measuring device in the second embodiment.

[0086] Figure 43 This is a diagram showing other configuration examples of a measurement system.

[0087] Figure 44 This is a diagram showing other configuration examples of a measurement system.

[0088] Figure 45 This is a diagram showing other configuration examples of a measurement system.

[0089] Figure 46 It is Figure 45 The sectional view of the upper structure after being cut along line AA.

[0090] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0091] 1…measuring device, 2…sensor, 3…monitoring device, 4…communication network, 5…bridge, 6…railway vehicle, 6a…vehicle, 7…superstructure, 7a…bridge deck, 7b…support, 7c…track, 7d…sleeper, 7e…gravel, F…bridge deck, G…main beam, 8…substructure, 8a…pier, 8b…abutment, 10…measuring system, 11…first communication unit, 12…second communication unit, 13…storage unit, 14…processor, 2 1…Communication Unit, 22…Acceleration Sensor, 23…Processor, 24…Storage Unit, 31…Communication Unit, 32…Processor, 33…Display Unit, 34…Operation Unit, 35…Storage Unit, 40…Ring Displacement Meter, 41…Piano Wire, 50…Camera, 51…Target, 131…Measurement Program, 132…Environmental Information, 133…Observation Data, 134…Observation Information, 135…Measurement Data, 141…Observation Data Acquisition Unit, 142… …First measurement data generation unit, 143…Second measurement data generation unit, 144…Observation information generation unit, 145…Average velocity calculation unit, 146…First deflection calculation unit, 147…Second deflection calculation unit, 148…Coefficient calculation unit, 149…Third deflection calculation unit, 150…Offset calculation unit, 151…First static response calculation unit, 152…First dynamic response calculation unit, 153…Measurement data output unit, 154…Second dynamic response calculation unit, 155…Second static response calculation unit, 156…First natural vibration frequency calculation unit, 157…Second natural vibration frequency calculation unit, 158…Static response vibration component calculation unit, 159…First envelope calculation unit, 160…Second envelope calculation unit, 241…Observation program, 242…Observation data, 321…Measurement data acquisition unit, 322…Monitoring unit, 351…Monitoring program, 352…Measurement data string. Detailed Implementation

[0092] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described below do not unduly limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Furthermore, not all of the components described below are essential elements of the present invention.

[0093] 1. First Implementation Method

[0094] 1-1. Composition of the measurement system

[0095] The moving bodies passing through the superstructure of the bridge, which is the structure involved in this embodiment, are heavy vehicles or railway vehicles that can be measured using BWIM. BWIM, short for Bridge Weigh in Motion, is a technique that measures the weight, number of axles, etc., of moving bodies passing through the bridge by treating the bridge as a "balance scale" to measure its deformation. The superstructure of the bridge, which can analyze the weight of passing moving bodies from responses such as deformation and strain, is the structure where BWIM functions. The BWIM system, which applies the physical processes between the action and response of the bridge's superstructure, can measure the weight of passing moving bodies. Hereinafter, the measurement system used to implement the measurement method of this embodiment will be described using the case of railway vehicles as an example.

[0096] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the measurement system involved in this embodiment. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the measurement system 10 according to this embodiment includes a measurement device 1 and at least one sensor 2 installed on the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5. Additionally, the measurement system 10 may also include a monitoring device 3.

[0097] Bridge 5 consists of a superstructure 7 and a substructure 8. Figure 2 It is to install the upper structure 7 according to Figure 1 A sectional view after cutting along line AA. (Example) Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the superstructure 7 includes a bridge deck 7a (composed of bridge deck F, main beams G, and crossbeams not shown), supports 7b, tracks 7c, sleepers 7d, and ballast 7e. Additionally, as... Figure 1 As shown, the substructure 8 includes piers 8a and abutments 8b. The superstructure 7 is a structure erected on any one of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. The two ends of the superstructure 7 are located at the positions of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a.

[0098] When railway vehicle 6 enters the superstructure 7, the superstructure 7 deflects due to the load of the railway vehicle 6. However, since railway vehicle 6 is composed of multiple connected carriages, the deflection of the superstructure 7 occurs periodically as each carriage passes by. This phenomenon is called static response. In contrast, since the superstructure 7 has its own natural vibration frequency, there is a possibility that the railway vehicle 6 excites the natural vibration of the superstructure 7 as it passes by. This excitation of the natural vibration of the superstructure 7 results in the periodic deflection of the superstructure 7. This phenomenon is called dynamic response.

[0099] Measuring device 1 and each sensor 2 are connected, for example, via a cable not shown, and communicate via a communication network such as CAN. CAN is short for Controller Area Network. Alternatively, measuring device 1 and each sensor 2 may also communicate via a wireless network.

[0100] Each sensor 2 outputs data used to calculate the static and dynamic responses of the railway vehicle 6, which is a moving body, as it moves on the superstructure 7, which is a structure. In this embodiment, each sensor 2 is an accelerometer, for example, a quartz accelerometer or a MEMS accelerometer. MEMS is short for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.

[0101] In this embodiment, each sensor 2 is located at the center of the superstructure 7 along its length, specifically at the center of the main beam G along its length. However, each sensor 2 only needs to be able to detect acceleration used to calculate static and dynamic responses, and its location is not limited to the center of the superstructure 7. It should be noted that when each sensor 2 is placed on the bridge deck F of the superstructure 7, the sensors 2 may be damaged by the movement of railway vehicles 6. In addition, the measurement accuracy may be affected by local deformation of the bridge deck 7a. Therefore, in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example, each sensor 2 is installed on the main beam G of the upper structure 7.

[0102] The bridge deck F and main beam G of the superstructure 7 deflect vertically due to the loads exerted by the railway vehicles 6 passing through the superstructure 7. Each sensor 2 detects the acceleration of the deflection of the bridge deck F and main beam G caused by the loads of the railway vehicles 6 passing through the superstructure 7.

[0103] The measuring device 1 calculates the static and dynamic responses of the railway vehicle 6 as it passes over the superstructure 7 based on the acceleration data output from each sensor 2. The measuring device 1 is installed, for example, at the bridge abutment 8b.

[0104] The measuring device 1 and the monitoring device 3 can communicate, for example, via a mobile phone wireless network or a communication network 4 such as the Internet. The measuring device 1 transmits measurement data, including the static and dynamic responses of the railway vehicle 6 as it passes over the superstructure 7, to the monitoring device 3. The monitoring device 3 can also store this information in a storage device (not shown), for example, to perform processing such as monitoring the railway vehicle 6 or determining anomalies in the superstructure 7.

[0105] It should be noted that in this embodiment, bridge 5 is a railway bridge, such as a steel bridge, beam bridge, or RC bridge. RC is an abbreviation for Reinforced-Concrete.

[0106] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, an observation point R is set corresponding to sensor 2. Figure 2 In this example, the observation point R is set at a position on the surface of the superstructure 7 located vertically above the sensor 2, which is mounted on the main beam G. That is, the sensor 2 is an observation device that observes the observation point R, detects a physical quantity, and outputs data containing the detected physical quantity, which is the response of multiple parts of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 (which is a structure) to the action of the observation point R. For example, the multiple parts of the railway vehicle 6 may be axles or wheels, but hereafter we assume it to be an axle. Furthermore, in this embodiment, each sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor that detects acceleration as a physical quantity. The sensor 2 only needs to be positioned where it can detect the acceleration generated at the observation point R by the movement of the railway vehicle 6, but ideally it should be positioned vertically close to the observation point R.

[0107] It should be noted that the number and placement of sensor 2 are not limited to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The example shown can be adapted in various ways.

[0108] The measuring device 1 acquires the acceleration in the direction intersecting the surface of the superstructure 7 that is moving with the railway vehicle 6, based on the acceleration data output from the sensor 2. The surface of the superstructure 7 that is moving with the railway vehicle 6 is defined by the direction of movement of the railway vehicle 6, i.e., the X direction, which is the length direction of the superstructure 7, and the direction orthogonal to the direction of movement of the railway vehicle 6, i.e., the Y direction, which is the width direction of the superstructure 7. Due to the movement of the railway vehicle 6, the observation point R deflects in the direction orthogonal to the X and Y directions. Therefore, it is ideal for the measuring device 1 to acquire the acceleration in the Z direction, which is orthogonal to the X and Y directions, i.e., the normal direction of the bridge deck F, in order to accurately calculate the magnitude of the deflection acceleration.

[0109] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the acceleration detected by sensor 2. Sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor that detects acceleration generated along each of three mutually orthogonal axes.

[0110] To detect the deflection acceleration of observation point R caused by the movement of railway vehicle 6, sensor 2 is configured such that one of the three detection axes—x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis—intersects both the X and Y directions. Figure 1 and Figure 2In this configuration, sensor 2 is positioned such that its axis intersects both the X and Y directions. Since the observation point R flexes in a direction orthogonal to both the X and Y directions, ideally, sensor 2 should be positioned so that its axis is aligned with the direction orthogonal to both the X and Y directions, i.e., the normal direction of the bridge deck F, in order to accurately detect the acceleration of the flexure.

[0111] However, even when sensor 2 is mounted on the upper structure 7, there is a possibility of tilting the mounting location. Even if the measuring device 1 does not align one of the three detection axes of sensor 2 with the normal direction of the bridge deck F, the error is small and negligible by aligning it approximately with the normal direction. Furthermore, even if the measuring device 1 does not align one of the three detection axes of sensor 2 with the normal direction of the bridge deck F, it can correct for the detection error caused by the tilt of sensor 2 by using the triaxial composite acceleration obtained by combining the accelerations of the x, y, and z axes. Additionally, sensor 2 can be a single-axis accelerometer that detects acceleration generated in a direction approximately parallel to the vertical direction, or acceleration in the normal direction of the bridge deck F.

[0112] The following describes in detail the measurement method of this embodiment performed by the measuring device 1.

[0113] 1-2. Details of the measurement methods

[0114] First, the measuring device 1 integrates the acceleration data a(k) output from the sensor 2, which is an acceleration sensor, as in equation (1) to generate velocity data v(k). Then, it integrates the velocity data v(k) as in equation (2) to generate measurement data u(k). The acceleration data a(k) is the acceleration change data after removing the acceleration deviation that is not needed to calculate the displacement change of the railway vehicle 6 when it passes the bridge 5. For example, the acceleration of the railway vehicle 6 when it is about to pass the bridge 5 can be set to 0, and the acceleration change thereafter can be set as acceleration data a(k). In equations (1) and (2), k is the sample number, and ΔT is the time interval between samples. The measurement data u(k) is the displacement data of the observation point R caused by the movement of the railway vehicle 6.

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] The measurement data u(k) with sample number k as the variable is converted into measurement data u(t) with time t = kΔT at time t. Figure 4An example of the measured data u(t) is shown. The measured data u(t) is generated based on the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2 at the observation point R, and is therefore based on acceleration data, which is the response of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 to the action of the observation point R.

[0118] Next, in order to reduce the fundamental frequency F contained in the measured data u(t), the measuring device 1... f The vibration components and their higher harmonics are used to generate the measured data u(t) after filtering. lp (t). Filtering can be performed as either low-pass or band-pass filtering.

[0119] Specifically, firstly, the measuring device 1 performs a fast Fourier transform on the measured data u(t) to calculate the power spectral density, and then calculates the peak value of the power spectral density as the fundamental frequency F. f . Figure 5 Showing the Figure 4 The power spectral density is obtained by performing a fast Fourier transform on the measured data u(t). Figure 5 In the example, the base frequency F f The calculated value is approximately 3Hz. Then, measuring device 1 measures the fundamental frequency F according to equation (3). f Calculate the fundamental period T f As in equation (4), the calculation involves dividing the fundamental period T by ΔT. f The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data. mf The basic period T f It is related to the base frequency F f The corresponding period, T f >2ΔT.

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Then, as a filtering process, the measuring device 1 uses equation (5) with a fundamental period T. f The measured data u(t) is processed by moving average to generate measured data u(t) that reduces the vibrational component contained in the measured data u(t). lp (t). This moving average process not only requires little computation, but also has a fundamental frequency F f The attenuation of the signal components and their higher harmonic components is very large, thus enabling the acquisition of measurement data showing that the vibrational components are effectively reduced. lp (t). Figure 6 The measured data u are shown lp An example of (t). For example... Figure 6As shown, the vibrational components in the measured data u(t) are almost completely removed. lp (t).

[0123]

[0124] It should be noted that, as a filtering process, the measuring device 1 can also perform a fundamental frequency F filtering on the measured data u(t). f The above frequency signal components are attenuated by FIR filtering to generate measurement data u. lp (t). FIR is an abbreviation for Finite Impulse Response. Although this FIR filtering process is more computationally intensive than the moving average process, it can reduce the fundamental frequency F. f All signal components at the above frequencies are attenuated.

[0125] Next, measuring device 1 calculates the measured data u. lp The amplitude of (t) and the threshold C L u a Consistent, or exceeding the threshold C L u a The two moments t are taken as the entry moments t of railway vehicle 6 into the superstructure 7. i And the departure time t from the upper structure 7 o , where the threshold C L u a It is the predetermined coefficient C L Compared with the measured data u lp (t) The amplitude u calculated a The product of. However, let's assume 0 < C. L <1, amplitude u a For example, measurement data u lp The average value of the amplitude shift of (t) from time t1 to time t2 is calculated according to equation (6).

[0126]

[0127] Entering time t i It is the moment when the foremost axle among the multiple axles of railway vehicle 6 passes the entry end of the superstructure 7. Additionally, the departure time t... o It is the moment when the last axle among the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 passes the departure end of the superstructure 7. Figure 7 The measured data u are shown lp (t) and entry time t i and departure time t o An example of a relationship.

[0128] Next, the measuring device 1 calculates the passage time t of the railway vehicle 6 through the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5 according to equation (7). s As the departure time t o With entry time t i The difference is used for calculation.

[0129]

[0130] In addition, the measuring device 1 will measure the transit time t according to equation (8). s With base frequency F f The largest integer less than or equal to the product of the two numbers minus 1 is taken as the number of carriages C in a railway vehicle with a capacity of 6. T And then perform the calculations.

[0131]

[0132] Measuring device 1 will include the entry time t i Departure time t o Through time t s And the number of carriages C T The observation information is stored in a storage unit not shown in the diagram. It should be noted that... Figure 7 In the example, entering time t i = 7.155 seconds, departure time t o = 12.845 seconds, passing through time t s = 5.69 seconds, number of carriages C T =16.

[0133] Then, the measuring device 1 performs subsequent processing based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the superstructure 7.

[0134] Environmental information, such as the length L of the superstructure 7, is included. B and the location L of observation point R x The dimensions of the upper structure 7. The length L of the upper structure 7. B This is the distance between the entry and exit points of the superstructure 7. Additionally, the position L of observation point R... x This is the distance from the entrance of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R. Additionally, environmental information includes, for example, the length L of each car of the railway vehicle 6. C (C) m ), Number of axles in each carriage a T (C) m ) and the distance La (a) between the axles of each carriage. w (C) m ,n)) is the size of railway vehicle 6. C m These are the carriage numbers, and the length L of each carriage. C (C)m ) is the Cth from the very beginning m The distance between the two ends of a car. The number of axles (a) in each car. T (C) m ) is the Cth from the very beginning m The number of axles in each car. n is the axle number of each car, 1 ≤ n ≤ a. T (C) m The distance La (a) between the axles of each carriage. w (C) m When n=1, the Cth term starting from the front is... m The distance between the front end of a car and the first axle from the front is the distance between the (n-1)th axle from the front and the nth axle when n≥2. Figure 8 The Cth section of railway vehicle 6 is shown. m The length L of each carriage C (C) m ) and the distance La between the axles (a w (C) m An example of n). The dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the superstructure 7 can be determined using known methods. Alternatively, a database of the dimensions of the railway vehicles 6 crossing the bridge 5 can be created in advance, referencing the dimensions of the corresponding vehicles at the time of passage.

[0135] It should be noted that, assuming that railway vehicles 6, consisting of any number of identical carriages, travel on the superstructure 7 of bridge 5, the environmental information only needs to include the length L of one carriage. C (C) m ), Number of axles in the carriage a T (C) m ) and the distance La (a) between the axles w (C) m ,n)) is sufficient.

[0136] Total number of axles Ta of railway vehicles 6 T Using the number of carriages C contained in the observation information T The number of axles a in each carriage included in the environmental information. T (C) m And calculate according to formula (9).

[0137]

[0138] From the foremost axle of railway vehicle 6 to the Cth... m The distance D of the nth axle of the car wa (a) w (C) m The length L of each carriage is included in the environmental information. C (C)m ), Number of axles in each carriage a T (C) m ) and the distance La (a) between the axles of each carriage. w (C) m ,n)) and calculated according to equation (10). It should be noted that in equation (10), it is assumed that L C (C) m ) = L C (1).

[0139]

[0140] Measuring device 1 is based on C in equation (10) m =C T n = a T (C) T The resulting equation (11) is used to calculate the distance D from the foremost axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the last axle of the last carriage. wa (a) w (C) T a T (C) T ))).

[0141]

[0142] Regarding the average speed v of railway vehicle 6 a The length L of the superstructure 7 included in the environmental information is used. B The transit time t included in the observation information s And the calculated distance D wa (a) w (C) T a T (C) T The average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated according to equation (12). a .

[0143]

[0144] Measuring device 1 calculates the average speed v of railway vehicle 6 based on equation (13) obtained by substituting equation (11) into equation (12). a .

[0145]

[0146] Next, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection of the superstructure 7 caused by the movement of the railway vehicle 6 as follows.

[0147] In this embodiment, considering that the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5 consists of a bridge deck 7a composed of a bridge deck F and main beams G, etc., with one or more bridge decks 7a arranged continuously, the measuring device 1 calculates the displacement of one bridge deck 7a as the displacement at the center of the length direction. The load applied to the superstructure 7 moves from one end of the superstructure 7 to the other end. At this time, the displacement, i.e., the deflection, of the middle part of the superstructure 7 can be represented by the position and amount of the load on the superstructure 7. In this embodiment, in order to represent the deflection deformation of the axle of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 as the trajectory of the deflection caused by the movement of a point load on the beam, the following is considered: Figure 9 The structural model shown is used to calculate the deflection at the central part. Figure 9 In the diagram, P represents the load. a is the load position starting from the entry end of the superstructure 7 on the entry side of the railway vehicle 6. b is the load position starting from the departure end of the superstructure 7 on the departure side of the railway vehicle 6. L B It is the length of the upper structure 7, that is, the distance between the two ends of the upper structure 7. Figure 9 The structural model shown is a simply supported beam with supports at both ends.

[0148] exist Figure 9 In the structural model shown, when the position of the entry end of the superstructure 7 is set to 0 and the observation position of the deflection is set to x, the bending moment M of the simply supported beam is represented by equation (14).

[0149]

[0150] In equation (14), the function H a As defined in equation (15).

[0151]

[0152] Equation (14) is transformed to obtain equation (16).

[0153]

[0154] On the other hand, the bending moment M is represented by equation (17). In equation (17), θ is the angle, I is the second moment, and E is Young's modulus.

[0155]

[0156] Substituting equation (17) into equation (16), we obtain equation (18).

[0157]

[0158] Equation (19), which is the integral of equation (18) with respect to the observation position x, is calculated to obtain equation (20). In equation (20), C1 is the integration constant.

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] Then, equation (21), which is the integral of equation (20) with respect to the observation position x, is calculated to obtain equation (22). In equation (22), C2 is the integration constant.

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] In equation (22), θx represents the deflection. Replacing θx with the deflection w yields equation (23).

[0165]

[0166] according to Figure 9 Since b=L B -a, so equation (23) is transformed as equation (24).

[0167]

[0168] Let x = 0 and the deflection w = 0. According to x ≤ a, H a =0, therefore, x=w=H a Substituting 0 into equation (24) and rearranging, we get equation (25).

[0169]

[0170] Additionally, let x = L B , deflection w=0, according to x>a, H a =1, therefore, x=L B w=0, H a Substituting 1 into equation (24) and rearranging, we get equation (26).

[0171]

[0172] Let b=L B Substituting -a into equation (26), we get equation (27).

[0173]

[0174] Substituting the integration constant C1 of equation (25) and the integration constant C2 of equation (26) into equation (23), we obtain equation (28).

[0175]

[0176] By transforming equation (28), the deflection w at the observed position x when the load P is applied to position a is expressed by equation (29).

[0177]

[0178] The deflection w at the central observation position x when the load P is located at the center of the superstructure 7. 0.5LB Let x = 0.5LB, a = b = 0.5LB, and H... a =0 and is expressed by equation (30). The deflection w 0.5LB This becomes the maximum amplitude of the deflection w.

[0179]

[0180] The deflection w at any observation location x is given by the deflection w. 0.5LB Standardized. When the load P is located at a position closer to the entry end than the observation position x, H is standardized according to x > a. a Substituting 1 into equation (30) yields equation (31).

[0181]

[0182] If the position a of load P is set as a = L B r, let a = L B r, b = L B Substituting (1-r) into equation (31) and rearranging, we obtain the standardized deflection w through equation (32). std r represents the position of load P and the length L of the superstructure 7. B The ratio.

[0183]

[0184] Similarly, when the load P is located at a position further away from the end than the observation position x, according to x≤a, H a Substituting 0 into equation (30) yields equation (33).

[0185]

[0186] If the position a of load P is set as a = L B r, let a = L B r, b = L BSubstituting (1-r) into equation (33) and rearranging, we obtain the standardized deflection w through equation (34). std .

[0187]

[0188] Summarizing equations (32) and (34), for any observation position x = L x Deflection w at the location std (r) is represented by equation (35). In equation (35), the function R(r) is represented by equation (36). Equation (35) is an approximate expression for the deflection of the superstructure 7 as a structure, and is a formula based on the structural model of the superstructure 7. Specifically, equation (35) is an approximate expression after standardizing the maximum amplitude of the deflection at the central position between the entry end and the exit end of the superstructure 7.

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] In this embodiment, the load P is the load of any axle of the railway vehicle 6. The position L of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 from the entry end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R. x Required time t xn The average velocity v calculated according to equation (12) a The calculation is performed according to equation (37).

[0192]

[0193] In addition, any axle of railway vehicle 6 passes through length L B The time t required for the superstructure 7 ln Calculate according to formula (38).

[0194]

[0195] Railway vehicle 6, C m The time t0 (C) when the nth axle of the car reaches the entry end of the superstructure 7. m n) Use the entry time t contained in the observation information i The distance D calculated according to equation (10) wa (a) w (C) m ,n)) and the average velocity v calculated according to equation (12) a The calculation is performed according to equation (39).

[0196]

[0197] Measuring device 1 uses equations (37), (38), and (39) and calculates the result from equation (40) by the Cth... m The deflection w caused by the nth axle of the car body, as expressed by equation (35) std (r) Deflection w after conversion to time std (a) w (C) m In equation (40), the function R(t) is represented by equation (41). Figure 10 Showing the deflection w std (a) w (C) m An example of ,n),t).

[0198]

[0199]

[0200] In addition, measuring device 1 calculates the result from the Cth equation according to formula (42). m Deflection C caused by the carriage std (C) m ,t). Figure 11 The Cth axle of a vehicle with n=4 axles is shown. m Deflection C caused by the carriage std (C) m An example of ,t).

[0201]

[0202] Furthermore, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection T caused by the railway vehicle 6 according to equation (43). std (t). Figure 12 The number of carriages C is shown. T The deflection T caused by a 16-ton railway vehicle 6 std An example of (t). It should be noted that in Figure 12 In the middle, the dashed line represents the 16 deflection values ​​C. std (1, t) ~ C std (16, t).

[0203]

[0204] Next, in order to reduce the deflection T, the measuring device 1... std The fundamental frequency F included in (t) M The vibrational components and their higher harmonics generate the deflection T. std (t) Deflection T after filtering std_lp (t). Filtering can be performed as either low-pass or band-pass filtering.

[0205] Specifically, firstly, the measuring device 1 measures the deflection T. std (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the fundamental frequency F. M Then, the measuring device 1 is determined by the fundamental frequency F according to equation (44). M Calculate the fundamental period T M As shown in equation (45), the calculation involves dividing the fundamental period T by ΔT. M The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data. mM The basic period T M It is related to the base frequency F M The corresponding period, T M >2ΔT.

[0206]

[0207]

[0208] Then, as a filtering process, the measuring device 1 uses equation (46) with a fundamental period T. M For the deflection T std (t) is processed using a moving average to calculate the reduction in deflection T. std The amount of deflection T of the vibrational component included in (t) std_lp (t). This moving average process not only requires little computation, but also has a fundamental frequency F M The attenuation of the signal components and their higher harmonic components is very large, thus enabling the determination of the deflection T, which effectively reduces the vibrational components. std_lp (t). Figure 13 Showing the deflection T std_lp An example of (t). For example... Figure 13 As shown, the deflection T is obtained. std The amount of deflection T in (t) where the vibrational component is almost completely removed. std_lp (t).

[0209]

[0210] It should be noted that, as a filtering process, the measuring device 1 can also measure the deflection T. std (t) to make the fundamental frequency F M The deflection T is calculated by attenuating the signal components at the above frequencies using FIR filtering. std_lp (t). Although this FIR filtering process involves more computation than the moving average process, it can reduce the fundamental frequency F. f All signal components at the above frequencies are attenuated.

[0211] Figure 14 Lieutenant General Figure 6 The measurement data u shownlp (t) and Figure 13 The deflection T shown std_lp (t) is shown in an overlapping manner. The deflection T is represented by... std_lp (t) Consider the deflection as proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing through the superstructure 7, assuming the deflection T std_lp A linear function of (t) and the measured data u lp (t) are approximately equal. That is, the measuring device 1, as in equation (47), has a deflection T. std_lp A linear function of (t) on the measured data u lp (t) Approximation. It should be noted that the time interval for approximation is set as the entry time t. i With departure time t o Between, or the amount of deflection T std_lp The time interval during which the amplitude of (t) is not zero.

[0212]

[0213] Then, measuring device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 of the linear function represented by equation (47). For example, measuring device 1 calculates the error e(t) represented by equation (48), i.e., the measured data u, using the least squares method. lp The first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 are the smallest difference between (t) and the linear function of equation (47).

[0214]

[0215] The first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 are calculated according to equations (49) and (50), respectively. The data interval corresponding to the approximate time interval is set as k. a ≤k≤k b .

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] Then, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection T using the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 as in equation (51). std_lp (t) Adjusted deflection T Estd_lp (t). As shown in equation (51), the deflection T Estd_lp (t) is essentially equivalent to the right side of equation (47), but at the entry time t i Previous interval and departure time t o The zero-order coefficient c0 will be set to 0 for the subsequent intervals. Figure 15 Showing the deflection T Estd_lp An example of (t).

[0219]

[0220] In addition, as in equation (52), it is assumed that the deflection T is calculated using the first-order coefficient c1 obtained by equation (49) and the zero-order coefficient c0 obtained by equation (50). std The linear function of u(t) is approximately equal to the measured data u(t).

[0221]

[0222] Using the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 to represent the deflection T std (t) Adjusted deflection T Estd (t) is calculated according to equation (53). The right side of equation (53) is T, which is the right side of equation (51). std_lp (t) replaced with T std (t) is obtained. Figure 16 Showing the deflection T Estd An example of (t).

[0223]

[0224] Next, the measuring device 1 sets t = kΔT and calculates the deflection T in the specified interval according to equation (54). Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp The amplitude ratio of (t) to R T In equation (54), the numerator is the deflection T. Estd_lp Waveform and deflection T of (t) std_lp The portion of the waveform shift interval of (t) specifies the amount of deflection T contained within the interval. Estd_lp The average of n+1 samples of (t), with the denominator being the deflection T contained within the specified interval. std_lp The average of n+1 samples of (t). Figure 17 Showing the deflection T Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and the specified interval T for calculating their average. avg An example of a relationship.

[0225]

[0226] Next, the measuring device 1 will measure the amplitude ratio R T With deflection T std_lp The product of (t) R T T std_lp (t) is compared with the zero-order coefficient c0 to calculate the offset T. offset_std (t). Specifically, the measuring device 1, as in equation (55), measures the amplitude ratio R. T With deflection Tstd_lp The product of (t) R T T std_lp The absolute value of (t) is greater than the product R of the absolute values ​​of the zero-order coefficient c0. T T std_lp The interval of (t) is replaced with the zero-order coefficient c0 to calculate the offset T. offset_std (t). Figure 18 Showing offset T offset_std An example of (t). In Figure 18 In the example, the deflection T std_lp The amplitude of (t) is 0 or negative, therefore the measuring device 1 will integrate R. T T std_lp The interval of (t) with a coefficient less than zero c0 is replaced with a coefficient of zero c0 to calculate the offset T. offset_std (t).

[0227]

[0228] Next, the measuring device 1, as in equation (56), modulates the first-order coefficient c1 with the deflection T. std The product of (t) c1T std (t) and offset T offset_std Add (t) together to calculate the deflection T. EOstd (t). The deflection T EOstd (t) is equivalent to the static response of railway vehicle 6 when it passes over superstructure 7. Figure 19 Showing the deflection T EOstd An example of (t). Additionally, Figure 20 The measured data u(t) and the deflection T are shown. EOstd The relationship between (t).

[0229]

[0230] Then, the measuring device 1 subtracts the deflection T from the measured data u(t) as in equation (57). EOstd (t), calculate the natural vibration u nv (t). The inherent vibration u nv (t) is equivalent to the dynamic response of railway vehicle 6 when it passes over superstructure 7. Figure 21 The inherent vibration u is shown nv An example of (t).

[0231]

[0232] 1-3. Measurement Method Process

[0233] Figure 22 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the measurement method of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs... Figure 22The process is shown.

[0234] like Figure 22 As shown, firstly, in the observation data acquisition process S10, the measuring device 1 acquires the acceleration data a(k) output from the sensor 2, which serves as the observation device, as observation data.

[0235] Next, in the first measurement data generation step S20, the measuring device 1 generates measurement data u(t) based on the acceleration data a(k) obtained as observation data in step S10. This measurement data u(t) is based on the first measurement data of acceleration as a physical quantity, which is the response of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 to the observation point R. An example of the process of the first measurement data generation step S20 will be described later.

[0236] Next, in the second measurement data generation step S30, the measuring device 1 generates measurement data u. lp (t), the measured data u lp (t) is a second measurement data point that reduces the vibration component by filtering the measurement data u(t) generated in process S20. For example, as a filtering process, the measuring device 1 sets the fundamental frequency F of the measurement data u(t) to... f The vibrational components at the above frequencies are attenuated by low-pass filtering. An example of the process for the second measurement data generation step S30 will be described later.

[0237] Next, in the observation information generation process S40, the measuring device 1 generates the entry time t, which includes the railway vehicle 6 entering the superstructure 7. i and the departure time t of leaving the upper structure 7 o Observational information. Entering time t i It is the time when the foremost axle of the multiple axles of railway vehicle 6 passes the entry end of the superstructure 7, and the departure time t. o It is the moment when the last axle of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 passes the departure end of the superstructure 7. In this embodiment, the measuring device 1 is based on the measurement data u generated in process S30. lp (t) Calculate the entry time t i and departure time t o Furthermore, measuring device 1 generates the number of carriages C. T An example of the observation information generation process S40 will be described later.

[0238] Next, in the average speed calculation step S50, the measuring device 1 calculates the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 based on the observation information generated in step S40 and the pre-created environmental information including the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the superstructure 7. aEnvironmental information includes the length L of the superstructure 7. B The location of observation point R L x The length L of each carriage of railway vehicle 6 C (C) m ), Number of axles in each carriage a T (C) m ) and the distance La (a) between the axles, which is equivalent to the positions of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6. w (C) m (n). An example of the process for the average speed calculation step S50 will be described later.

[0239] Next, in the first deflection calculation step S60, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection of the superstructure 7 based on the above formula (35), the approximate formula for the deflection of the superstructure 7, the observation information generated in step S40, the environmental information, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated in step S50. a Calculate the deflection T std (t), the deflection T std (t) is the first deflection of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6. Specifically, the measuring device 1 is based on an approximation of the deflection of the superstructure 7, observation information, environmental information, and the average speed v. a Calculate the deflection w of the superstructure 7 caused by each of the multiple axles. std (a) w (C) m ,n),t), and the deflection w of the superstructure 7 caused by each of the multiple axles std (a) w (C) m The deflection T is calculated by adding n and t. std (t). An example of the process for the first deflection calculation step S60 will be described later.

[0240] Next, in the second deflection calculation step S70, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection T. std_lp (t), the deflection T std_lp (t) is the deflection T calculated in process S60. std (t) The second deflection of the vibration component is reduced by filtering. For example, as a filtering process, the measuring device 1 reduces the deflection T. std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The vibration components at the above frequencies are attenuated by low-pass filtering. An example of the process for the second deflection calculation step S70 will be described later.

[0241] Next, in the coefficient calculation step S80, the measuring device 1 uses the deflection T calculated in step S70. std_lpA linear function of (t) on the measurement data u generated in process S30 lp (t) is approximated, and the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 of the linear function are calculated. Specifically, the measuring device 1 is used as described in equation (47) above with a deflection T. std_lp A linear function of (t) on the measured data u lp (t) is approximated, and the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 are calculated using the least squares method according to the above equations (49) and (50).

[0242] Next, in the third deflection calculation step S90, the measuring device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 based on the calculation in step S80 and the deflection T calculated in step S70. std_lp (t), calculate the deflection T as the third deflection. Estd_lp (t). Specifically, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection T as described in equation (51) above. Estd_lp (t), the deflection T Estd_lp (t) at entry time t i Previous interval and departure time t o The subsequent interval is the first-order coefficient c1 and the deflection T. std_lp The product of (t) c1T std_lp (t), at time t i With departure time t o The interval between them is the product c1T std_lp (t) and the sum of the zero-order coefficient c0.

[0243] Next, in the offset calculation step S100, the measuring device 1 calculates the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T calculated in step S70. std_lp (t), and the deflection T calculated in process S90. Estd_lp (t) Calculate the offset T offset_std (t). An example of the process for offset calculation step S100 will be described later.

[0244] Next, in the first static response calculation step S110, the measuring device 1, as described in equation (56) above, compares the first-order coefficient c1 calculated in step S80 with the deflection T calculated in step S60. std The product of (t) c1T std (t) and the offset T calculated in process S100 offset_std (t) are added together to calculate the deflection T as the first static response. EOstd (t).

[0245] Next, in the first dynamic response calculation step S120, the measuring device 1 subtracts the deflection amount T calculated in step S110 as the first static response from the measurement data u(t) generated in step S20, as described in equation (57) above. EOstd (t), calculate the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv (t).

[0246] Next, in the measurement data output step S130, the measuring device 1 outputs the deflection T, which is the first static response calculated in step S110. EOstd (t) and the natural vibration u calculated in process S120 as the first dynamic response. nv The measurement data (t) is output to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, the measuring device 1 transmits the measurement data to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The measurement data includes the deflection T. EOstd (t) and natural vibration u nv In addition to (t), it may also include measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t), T std_lp (t), T Estd_lp (t) etc.

[0247] Then, the measuring device 1 repeatedly performs the processes S10 to S130 until the measurement ends in process S140.

[0248] Figure 23 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the process of generating the first measurement data, S20.

[0249] like Figure 23 As shown, in process S201, the measuring device 1 integrates the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2 as in the above formula (1) to generate velocity data v(t).

[0250] Then, in process S202, the measuring device 1 integrates the velocity data v(t) generated in process S201 as in equation (2) above to generate measurement data u(t).

[0251] Thus, in this embodiment, the measured data u(t) is the displacement data of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6, which moves on the superstructure 7 as a moving body, and is obtained by integrating twice the acceleration in the direction intersecting the surface of the superstructure 7 moving with the railway vehicle 6. Therefore, the measured data u(t) includes waveforms that bulge in the positive or negative direction, specifically rectangular waveforms, trapezoidal waveforms, or sinusoidal half-wave waveforms. It should be noted that rectangular waveforms include not only exact rectangular waveforms but also waveforms that approximate rectangular waveforms. Similarly, trapezoidal waveforms include not only exact trapezoidal waveforms but also waveforms that approximate trapezoidal waveforms. Likewise, sinusoidal half-wave waveforms include not only exact sinusoidal half-wave waveforms but also waveforms that approximate sinusoidal half-wave waveforms.

[0252] Figure 24 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the process of the second measurement data generation step S30.

[0253] like Figure 24 As shown, in process S301, measuring device 1 pairs Figure 23 The measured data u(t) calculated in process S202 is processed by Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and the peak value of the power spectral density is calculated as the fundamental frequency F. f .

[0254] Then, in process S302, the measuring device 1 sets the fundamental frequency F of the measured data u(t) to... f The vibrational components at the above frequencies are attenuated by low-pass filtering to generate measurement data u. lp (t). As a low-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also be used as described in equation (5) above, with the fundamental frequency F. f The corresponding basic period T f The measured data u is generated by performing a moving average on the measured data u(t). lp (t). Alternatively, as a low-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also perform a low-pass filtering process on the measured data u(t) to make the fundamental frequency F. f The above frequency signal components are attenuated by FIR filtering to generate measurement data u. lp (t).

[0255] Figure 25 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the observation information generation process S40.

[0256] like Figure 25 As shown, firstly, in process S401, the measuring device 1 calculates according to the above formula (6). Figure 24 The measurement data u generated in process S302 lpThe average value of the amplitude shift of (t) over the interval from time t1 to time t2 is taken as the amplitude u. a .

[0257] Next, in process S402, measuring device 1 calculates the measured data u. lp The amplitude of (t) and the threshold C L u a Consistent, or exceeding the threshold C L u a The first moment is taken as the entry moment t i The threshold C L u a It is the predetermined coefficient C L The amplitude u calculated in process S401 a The accumulation of.

[0258] In addition, in process S403, measuring device 1 calculates the measurement data u. lp The amplitude of (t) and the threshold C L u a Consistent, or exceeding the threshold C L u a The second moment as the departure moment t o The second moment is the moment following the first moment.

[0259] In addition, in process S404, measuring device 1 calculates the departure time t as described in equation (7) above. o With entry time t i The difference is taken as the time t s .

[0260] Next, in step S405, the measuring device 1 calculates the transit time t calculated from step S404 as described in equation (8) above. s and Figure 24 The fundamental frequency F calculated in process S301 f The product t s F f The largest integer less than or equal to the number obtained by subtracting 1 is taken as the number of carriages C in a railway vehicle with a capacity of 6. T .

[0261] Then, in step S406, measuring device 1 generates the entry time t calculated in step S402. i The departure time t calculated in process S403 o The throughput time t calculated in process S404 s And the number of carriages C calculated in process S405 T Observational information.

[0262] Figure 26 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the average speed calculation process S50.

[0263] In process S501, the measuring device 1 calculates the distance D from the foremost axle to the last axle of the railway vehicle 6 based on environmental information and according to the above formula (11). wa (a) w (C) T a T (C) T ))).

[0264] Furthermore, in process S502, the measuring device 1 calculates the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 based on environmental information. In this embodiment, the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 is the length L of the upper structure 7 included in the environmental information. B .

[0265] Then, in process S503, the measuring device 1 is based on Figure 25 The entry time t is included in the observation information generated in process S406. i and departure time t o The distance D from the front axle to the back axle of railway vehicle 6, calculated in process S501. wa (a) w (C) T a T (C) T The distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 calculated in process S502, i.e., the length L of the upper structure 7, is also included. B The average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated according to the above formula (12). a .

[0266] Figure 27 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the process of the first deflection calculation step S60.

[0267] First, in process S601, the measuring device 1 calculates the distance from the foremost axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the Cth axle based on environmental information and according to the above formula (10). m The distance D of the nth axle of the car wa (a) w (C) m (n)

[0268] Next, in process S602, the measuring device 1 uses the position L of the observation point R contained in the environmental information. x and Figure 26 The average speed v calculated in process S503 aAccording to the above formula (37), the position L of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 from the entry end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R is calculated. x Required time t xn .

[0269] Additionally, in process S603, measuring device 1 uses Figure 26 The distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7, calculated in process S502, is the length L of the upper structure 7. B and average velocity v a According to the above formula (38), the time t required for any axle of the railway vehicle 6 to pass through the superstructure 7 is calculated. ln .

[0270] Furthermore, in process S604, measuring device 1 uses Figure 25 The entry time t is included in the observation information generated in process S406. i The distance D calculated in process S601 wa (a) w (C) m , n)) and average velocity v a According to the above formula (39), calculate the Cth number of the railway vehicle 6 respectively. m The time t0 (C) when the nth axle of the car reaches the entry end of the superstructure 7. m (n)

[0271] Next, in step S605, the measuring device 1 uses the above formula (35), which is an approximation of the deflection of the upper structure 7, and the time t calculated in step S602. xn The time t calculated in process S603 ln and the time t0 (C) calculated in process S604. m ,n), calculate the value of the Cth generation according to the above formula (40). m The deflection w of the superstructure 7 caused by the nth axle of the carriage std (a) w (C) m ,n),t).

[0272] Next, in process S606, the measuring device 1 measures the deflection w of the superstructure 7 caused by each axle, calculated in process S605, for each car according to the above formula (42). std (a) w (C) m Add n and t together to calculate the deflection C of the superstructure 7 caused by each carriage. std (C) m ,t).

[0273] Then, in process S607, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection C of the superstructure 7 caused by each car body, calculated in process S606, according to the above formula (43). std (C) m Add t and calculate the deflection T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6. std (t).

[0274] Figure 28 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the process of the second deflection calculation step S70.

[0275] like Figure 28 As shown, in process S701, measuring device 1 pairs Figure 27 The deflection T calculated in process S607 std (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the fundamental frequency F. M .

[0276] Then, in process S702, the measuring device 1 measures the deflection amount T. std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The deflection T is calculated by low-pass filtering the vibration components at the above frequencies. std_lp (t). As a low-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also be used as described in equation (46) above, with the fundamental frequency F. M The corresponding basic period T M For the deflection T std (t) The deflection T is calculated by performing a moving average. std_lp (t). Alternatively, as a low-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also measure the deflection T. std (t) to make the fundamental frequency F M The deflection T is calculated by attenuating the signal components at the above frequencies using FIR filtering. std_lp (t).

[0277] Figure 29 It means Figure 22 A flowchart of an example of the offset calculation process S100.

[0278] like Figure 29 As shown, in process S1001, measuring device 1 calculates the value in the specified interval according to the above formula (54). Figure 22 The deflection T calculated in process S90 Estd_lp (t) and in Figure 28 The deflection T calculated in process S702 std_lp The amplitude ratio of (t) to R T .

[0279] Then, in step S1002, the measuring device 1 measures the amplitude ratio R calculated in step S1001 as described in equation (55) above. T With deflection T std_lp The product of (t) R T T std_lp The absolute value of (t) is greater than Figure 22 The product R of the absolute values ​​of the zeroth coefficient c0 calculated in process S80 T T std_lp The interval of (t) is replaced with the zero-order coefficient c0 to calculate the offset T. offset_std (t).

[0280] 1-4. Composition of observation, measuring, and monitoring devices

[0281] Figure 30 This is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of sensor 2, measuring device 1, and monitoring device 3 as an observation device.

[0282] like Figure 30 As shown, sensor 2 includes a communication unit 21, an acceleration sensor 22, a processor 23, and a storage unit 24.

[0283] Storage unit 24 is a memory that stores various programs, data, etc., used by processor 23 for computational and control processing. In addition, storage unit 24 stores programs, data, etc., used by processor 23 to implement specified application functions.

[0284] Accelerometer 22 detects the upward acceleration generated along each of the three axes.

[0285] The processor 23 executes the observation program 241 stored in the storage unit 24, controls the accelerometer 22, generates observation data 242 based on the acceleration detected by the accelerometer 22, and stores the generated observation data 242 in the storage unit 24. In this embodiment, the observation data 242 is acceleration data a(k).

[0286] The communication unit 21, under the control of the processor 23, sends the observation data 242 stored in the storage unit 24 to the measuring device 1.

[0287] like Figure 30 As shown, the measuring device 1 includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor 14.

[0288] The first communication unit 11 receives observation data 242 from the sensor 2 and outputs the received observation data 242 to the processor 14. As described above, the observation data 242 is acceleration data a(k).

[0289] Storage unit 13 is a memory that stores programs, data, etc., used by processor 14 for computational and control processing. In addition, storage unit 13 stores various programs, data, etc., used by processor 14 to implement specified application functions. Furthermore, processor 14 can also receive various programs, data, etc., via communication network 4 and store them in storage unit 13.

[0290] The processor 14 generates measurement data 135 based on the observation data 242 received by the first communication unit 11 and the environmental information 132 pre-stored in the storage unit 13, and stores the generated measurement data 135 in the storage unit 13.

[0291] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes the measurement program 131 stored in the storage unit 13, and functions as an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection calculation unit 146, a second deflection calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a first static response calculation unit 151, a first dynamic response calculation unit 152, and a measurement data output unit 153. That is, the processor 14 includes an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection calculation unit 146, a second deflection calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a first static response calculation unit 151, a first dynamic response calculation unit 152, and a measurement data output unit 153.

[0292] The observation data acquisition unit 141 acquires the observation data 242 received by the first communication unit 11 and stores it as observation data 133 in the storage unit 13. That is, the observation data acquisition unit 141 performs... Figure 22 The processing of observation data acquisition step S10 in the process.

[0293] The first measurement data generation unit 142 reads the observation data 133 stored in the storage unit 13 and generates measurement data u(t) based on the acceleration data a(t) of the observation data 133. This measurement data u(t) is the first measurement data based on acceleration as a physical quantity, which is the response of multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 to the observation point R. Specifically, the first measurement data generation unit 142 integrates the acceleration data a(t) of the observation data 133 as described in equation (1) above to generate velocity data v(t), and then integrates the velocity data v(t) as described in equation (2) above to generate measurement data u(t). That is, the first measurement data generation unit 142 performs... Figure 22The first measurement data generation step S20 in the process specifically involves... Figure 23 The processing of processes S201 and S202.

[0294] The second measurement data generation unit 143 generates measurement data u lp (t), the measured data u lp (t) is the second measurement data that reduces the vibration component by filtering the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142. For example, as a filtering process, the second measurement data generation unit 143 sets the fundamental frequency F of the measurement data u(t) to... f The vibrational components at the above frequencies are attenuated by low-pass filtering. Specifically, the second measurement data generation unit 143 performs a fast Fourier transform on the measurement data u(t) to calculate the power spectral density, and the peak value of the calculated power spectral density is taken as the fundamental frequency F. f And perform the fundamental frequency F of the measured data u(t) f The measurement data u is generated by low-pass filtering of the vibrational components at the above frequencies. lp (t). As a low-pass filtering process, the second measurement data generation unit 143 can also be configured to use the fundamental frequency F as described in equation (5) above. f The corresponding basic period T f The measured data u is generated by performing a moving average on the measured data u(t). lp (t). Alternatively, as a low-pass filtering process, the second measurement data generation unit 143 may also perform fundamental frequency F on the measurement data u(t). f The above frequency signal components are attenuated by FIR filtering to generate measurement data u. lp (t). That is, the second measurement data generation unit 143 performs... Figure 22 The second measurement data generation step S30 in the process specifically involves... Figure 24 The processing of processes S301 and S302.

[0295] The observation information generation unit 144 generates measurement data u based on the measurement data generated by the second measurement data generation unit 143. lp (t) Generate observation information 134 and store it in storage unit 13. The observation information 134 includes the entry time t of railway vehicle 6 entering superstructure 7. i and the departure time t of leaving the upper structure 7 o Specifically, firstly, the observation information generation unit 144 calculates the measurement data u according to the above formula (6). lp The average value of the amplitude shift of (t) over the interval from time t1 to time t2 is taken as the amplitude u. a Next, the observation information generation unit 144 calculates the measured data u. lp The amplitude of (t) and the threshold CL u a Consistent, or exceeding the threshold C L u a The first moment is taken as the entry moment t i The threshold C L u a It is the predetermined coefficient C L With amplitude u a The product of these. Additionally, the observation information generation unit 144 calculates the measured data u. lp The amplitude of (t) and the threshold C L u a Consistent, or exceeding the threshold C L u a The second moment as the departure moment t o The second moment is the moment after the first moment. Furthermore, the observation information generation unit 144 calculates the departure time t as described in equation (7) above. o With entry time t i The difference is taken as the time t s Next, the observation information generation unit 144 calculates the time from the passage time t as described in equation (8) above. s With base frequency F f The product t s F f The largest integer less than or equal to the number obtained by subtracting 1 is taken as the number of carriages C in a railway vehicle with a capacity of 6. T Then, the observation information generation unit 144 generates an observation information including the entry time t. i Departure time t o Through time t s And the number of carriages C T The observation information 134. That is, the observation information generation unit 144 performs... Figure 22 The observation information generation process S40 in the process involves, specifically, the following steps: Figure 25 Processing steps S401 to S406.

[0296] The average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 based on the observation information 134 stored in the storage unit 13 and the environmental information 132, which includes the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the superstructure 7, which was pre-created and stored in the storage unit 13. a Specifically, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the distance D from the foremost axle to the last axle of the railway vehicle 6 based on the environmental information 132 and according to the above formula (11). wa (a) w (C) T a T (C) TAdditionally, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the superstructure 7, i.e., the length L of the superstructure 7, based on the environmental information 132. B Then, the average velocity calculation unit 145 calculates the entry time t based on the observation information 134. i and departure time t o Distance D wa (a) w (C) T a T (C) T And the length L of the superstructure 7 B The average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated according to the above formula (12). a That is, the average speed calculation unit 145 performs... Figure 22 The average speed calculation process S50 in the process is specifically performed as follows: Figure 26 The processing of processes S501, S502, and S503.

[0297] The first deflection calculation unit 146 calculates the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 based on the above formula (35), which is an approximation of the deflection of the superstructure 7, the observation information 134 stored in the storage unit 13, the environmental information 132 stored in the storage unit 13, and the average speed v calculated by the average speed calculation unit 145. a Calculate the deflection T std (t), the deflection T std (t) is the first deflection of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6. Specifically, firstly, the first deflection calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection from the foremost axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the Cth axle based on the environmental information 132 according to the above formula (10). m The distance D of the nth axle of the car wa (a) w (C) m Next, the first deflection calculation unit 146 uses the position L of the observation point R contained in the environmental information 132. x and average velocity v a According to the above formula (37), the position L of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 from the entry end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R is calculated. x Required time t xn Additionally, the first deflection calculation unit 146 uses the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7, i.e., the length L of the upper structure 7. B and average velocity v a According to the above formula (38), the time t required for any axle of the railway vehicle 6 to pass through the superstructure 7 is calculated. ln Furthermore, the first deflection calculation unit 146 uses the entry time t contained in the observation information 134. i Distance Dwa (a) w (C) m , n)) and average velocity v a According to the above formula (39), the Cth digit of railway vehicle 6 is calculated. m The time t0 (C) when the nth axle of the car reaches the entry end of the superstructure 7. m Next, the first deflection calculation unit 146 uses the above formula (35), which is an approximation of the deflection of the upper structure 7, and time t. xn Time t ln and time t0 (C m ,n), calculate the result from the Cth equation according to the above formula (40). m The deflection w of the superstructure 7 caused by the nth axle of the carriage std (a) w (C) m Next, the first deflection calculation unit 146 uses the deflection amount w std (a) w (C) m ,n),t), calculate the result from the Cth equation according to the above formula (42). m The deflection C of the superstructure 7 caused by the carriage std (C) m Then, the first deflection calculation unit 146 uses the deflection C. std (C) m ,t), calculate the deflection T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6 according to the above formula (43). std (t). That is, the first deflection calculation unit 146 performs... Figure 22 The first deflection calculation step S60 in the process specifically involves... Figure 27 Processing steps S601 to S607.

[0298] The second deflection calculation unit 147 calculates the deflection T. std_lp (t), the deflection T std_lp (t) is the deflection T calculated by the first deflection calculation unit 146. std (t) The second deflection amount, which reduces the vibration component, is reduced by filtering. For example, as a filtering process, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 calculates the deflection amount T. std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The vibration components at the above frequencies undergo low-pass filtering attenuation. Specifically, the second deflection calculation unit 147 calculates the deflection T... std (t) is processed by Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the fundamental frequency F. M And perform deflection T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) MThe deflection T is calculated by low-pass filtering the vibration components at the above frequencies. std_lp (t). As a low-pass filtering process, the second deflection calculation unit 147 can also be used in accordance with the above equation (46) with the fundamental frequency F. M The corresponding basic period T M For the deflection T std (t) The deflection T is calculated by performing a moving average. std_lp (t). Alternatively, as a low-pass filtering process, the second deflection calculation unit 147 can also calculate the deflection T. std (t) to make the fundamental frequency F M The deflection T is calculated by attenuating the signal components at the above frequencies using FIR filtering. std_lp (t). That is, the second deflection calculation unit 147 performs... Figure 22 The second deflection calculation step S70 in the process specifically involves... Figure 28 Processing steps S701 and S702.

[0299] The coefficient calculation unit 148 calculates the deflection T based on the second deflection calculation unit 147. std_lp A linear function of (t) on the measurement data u generated by the second measurement data generation unit 143 lp (t) is approximated, and the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 of the linear function are calculated. Specifically, the coefficient calculation unit 148 calculates the coefficients as in equation (47) above, using the deflection T. std_lp A linear function of (t) on the measured data u lp (t) is approximated, and the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 are calculated using the least squares method according to the above equations (49) and (50). That is, the coefficient calculation unit 148 performs... Figure 22 The coefficient calculation process S80 in the process.

[0300] The third deflection calculation unit 149 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 based on the coefficient calculation unit 148, and the deflection T calculated by the second deflection calculation unit 147. std_lp (t), calculate the deflection T as the third deflection. Estd_lp (t). Specifically, the third deflection calculation unit 149 calculates the deflection T as described in equation (51) above. Estd_lp (t), the deflection T Estd_lp (t) at entry time t i Previous interval and departure time t o The subsequent interval is the first-order coefficient c1 and the deflection T. std_lp The product of (t) c1T std_lp (t), at time t i With departure time t oThe interval between them is the product c1T std_lp (t) is the sum of the zero-order coefficient c0. That is, the third deflection calculation unit 149 performs... Figure 22 The third deflection calculation step S90 in the process.

[0301] The offset calculation unit 150 calculates the zero-order coefficient c0 based on the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection T calculated by the second deflection calculation unit 147. std_lp (t), and the deflection T calculated by the third deflection calculation unit 149. Estd_lp (t) Calculate the offset T offset_std (t). Specifically, the offset calculation unit 150 calculates the deflection amount T in the specified interval according to the above formula (54). Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp The amplitude ratio of (t) to R T Then, the offset calculation unit 150 calculates the amplitude ratio R as described in equation (55) above. T With deflection T std_lp The product of (t) R T T std_lp The interval of (t) with a coefficient less than zero c0 is replaced with a coefficient of zero c0 to calculate the offset T. offset_std (t). That is, the offset calculation unit 150 performs... Figure 22 The offset calculation process S100 in the middle is specifically performed as follows: Figure 29 The processing of processes S1001 and S1002.

[0302] The first static response calculation unit 151, as described in equation (56) above, calculates the first coefficient c1 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection T calculated by the first deflection calculation unit 146. std The product of (t) c1T std (t) and the offset T calculated by the offset calculation unit 150 offset_std (t) are added together to calculate the deflection T as the first static response. EOstd (t). That is, the first static response calculation unit 151 performs... Figure 22 The processing of the first static response calculation step S110 in the process.

[0303] The first dynamic response calculation unit 152 subtracts the deflection T calculated by the first static response calculation unit 151 from the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142 as described in equation (56) above. EOstd (t), calculate the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv (t). That is, the first dynamic response calculation unit 152 performs... Figure 22 The first dynamic response calculation step S120 in the process.

[0304] The deflection T, as the first static response EOstd (t) and the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response nv (t) is stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. The measurement data 135 includes, in addition to, the deflection T. EOstd (t) and natural vibration u nv In addition to (t), it may also include measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t), T std_lp (t), T Estd_lp (t) etc.

[0305] The measurement data output unit 153 reads the measurement data 135 stored in the storage unit 13 and outputs the measurement data 135 to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, under the control of the measurement data output unit 153, the second communication unit 12 transmits the measurement data 135 stored in the storage unit 13 to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. That is, the measurement data output unit 153 performs... Figure 22 The measurement data output process S130 in the middle.

[0306] Thus, measurement program 131 is executed by measurement device 1, which is a computer. Figure 22 The procedure for each step of the process shown.

[0307] like Figure 30 As shown, the monitoring device 3 includes a communication unit 31, a processor 32, a display unit 33, an operation unit 34, and a storage unit 35.

[0308] The communication unit 31 receives measurement data 135 from the measuring device 1 and outputs the received measurement data 135 to the processor 32.

[0309] Display unit 33 displays various information under the control of processor 32. Display unit 33 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic EL display. EL is an abbreviation for Electro Luminescence.

[0310] The operation unit 34 outputs operation data corresponding to the user's operation to the processor 32. The operation unit 34 may also be an input device such as a mouse, keyboard, or microphone.

[0311] The storage unit 35 is a memory that stores various programs, data, etc., used by the processor 32 for calculation and control processing. In addition, the storage unit 35 stores programs, data, etc., used by the processor 32 to implement specified application functions.

[0312] The processor 32 acquires the measurement data 135 received by the communication unit 31, evaluates the time-varying displacement of the upper structure 7 based on the acquired measurement data 135, generates evaluation information, and displays the generated evaluation information on the display unit 33.

[0313] In this embodiment, the processor 32 functions as a measurement data acquisition unit 321 and a monitoring unit 322 by executing a monitoring program 351 stored in the storage unit 35. That is, the processor 32 includes a measurement data acquisition unit 321 and a monitoring unit 322.

[0314] The measurement data acquisition unit 321 acquires the measurement data 135 received by the communication unit 31 and appends the acquired measurement data 135 to the measurement data string 352 stored in the storage unit 35.

[0315] The monitoring unit 322 statistically evaluates the change in the deflection of the superstructure 7 over time based on the measurement data string 352 stored in the storage unit 35. Then, the monitoring unit 322 generates evaluation information representing the evaluation results and displays the generated evaluation information on the display unit 33. The user can monitor the state of the superstructure 7 based on the evaluation information displayed on the display unit 33.

[0316] The monitoring unit 322 can also perform monitoring of the railway vehicle 6 and anomaly detection of the superstructure 7 based on the measurement data string 352 stored in the storage unit 35.

[0317] Furthermore, based on the operation data output from the operation unit 34, the processor 32 sends information for adjusting the operating status of the measuring device 1 and the sensor 2 to the measuring device 1 via the communication unit 31. The measuring device 1 adjusts its operating status according to the information received via the second communication unit 12. Additionally, the measuring device 1 sends information received via the second communication unit 12 for adjusting the operating status of the sensor 2 to the sensor 2 via the first communication unit 11. The sensor 2 adjusts its operating status according to the information received via the communication unit 21.

[0318] It should be noted that processors 14, 23, and 32 can implement their respective functions through separate hardware or through integrated hardware. For example, processors 14, 23, and 32 include hardware that can include at least one of circuitry for processing digital signals and circuitry for processing analog signals. Processors 14, 23, and 32 can also be CPUs, GPUs, or DSPs, etc. CPU is an abbreviation for Central Processing Unit, GPU is an abbreviation for Graphics Processing Unit, and DSP is an abbreviation for Digital Signal Processor. Furthermore, processors 14, 23, and 32 can be configured as custom ICs such as ASICs to implement their respective functions, or they can implement their respective functions through a CPU and an ASIC. ASIC is an abbreviation for Application Specific Integrated Circuit, and IC is an abbreviation for Integrated Circuit.

[0319] Furthermore, storage units 13, 24, and 35 may be composed of various IC memories such as ROM, flash ROM, and RAM, as well as recording media such as hard disks and memory cards. ROM is an abbreviation for Read Only Memory, RAM is an abbreviation for Random Access Memory, and IC is an abbreviation for Integrated Circuit. Storage units 13, 24, and 35 include non-volatile information storage devices that can be read by a computer, and various programs and data can also be stored in these information storage devices. The information storage devices may also be optical discs such as DVDs and CDs, hard disk drives, card-type memories, ROMs, and other types of memory.

[0320] It should be pointed out that, Figure 30 Only one sensor 2 is illustrated, but multiple sensors 2 can also generate observation data 242 and send it to the measuring device 1. In this case, the measuring device 1 receives multiple observation data 242 sent from multiple sensors 2 and generates multiple measurement data 135, which is then sent to the monitoring device 3. Additionally, the monitoring device 3 receives the multiple measurement data 135 sent from the measuring device 1 and monitors the status of multiple upper structures 7 based on the received measurement data 135.

[0321] 1-5. Effects

[0322] According to the measurement method of the first embodiment described above, the measuring device 1 measures the deflection T. std_lpA linear function of (t) on the measured data u lp (t) can be approximated to separate and calculate the static response from the static and dynamic responses contained in the measured data u(t), where the deflection T std_lp (t) represents the deflection T std (t) Filtering was performed to reduce the deflection of the vibration components, and the measured data u lp (t) is the data of the measured data u(t) after filtering to reduce the vibration component.

[0323] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, since the measured data u lp (t) The first term of the approximate linear function, namely the first coefficient c1 and the deflection T. std The product of (t) c1T std (t) is equivalent to the displacement of the superstructure 7 proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6, the offset T. offset_std (t) is equivalent to the clearance, buoyancy, and other displacements of the superstructure 7 that are not proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6. Therefore, the measuring device 1 measures the product c1T. std (t) and offset T offset_std By adding (t), the static response can be calculated with high precision.

[0324] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 measures the bending amount T. std_lp A linear function of (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F contained in the measured data u(t) f The above measurement data after vibration component attenuation u lp By approximating (t), the calculation accuracy of the first-order coefficient c1 and the zero-order coefficient c0 of the linear function is improved, thus enabling the calculation of the static response with high precision.

[0325] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 calculates, according to the above formula (55), the offset T that reflects the displacement of the superstructure 7 that is disproportionate to the load of the railway vehicle 6, such as clearance and buoyancy, in the section where the railway vehicle 6 passes through the superstructure 7, while no displacement of the superstructure 7 occurs in other sections. offset_std (t), thus enabling high-precision calculation of the static response.

[0326] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 can determine the entry time t of the railway vehicle 6 into the superstructure 7 based on the above formula (8). i and the departure time t of leaving the upper structure 7 o Calculate the number of carriages C of railway vehicle 6. T Therefore, it is possible to calculate the number of carriages C with high accuracy. T Static response of unknown railway vehicle 6 as it moves on superstructure 7.

[0327] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 can measure the measurement data u after the vibration component is reduced. lp (t) Calculate with high precision the entry time t of railway vehicle 6 into the superstructure 7. i and the departure time t of leaving the upper structure 7 o Therefore, it is possible to calculate the static response with high accuracy.

[0328] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 subtracts the deflection T, which is calculated with high precision as the first static response, from the measured data u(t) according to the above formula (57). EOstd (t), thus enabling high-precision calculation of dynamic response.

[0329] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 generates measurement data u(t) based on the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2, and calculates the deflection T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6 based on the measurement data u(t) and an approximate formula (35) based on the deflection of the structural model reflecting the structure of the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5. std (t). Then, the measuring device 1 uses the measured data u(t) and the deflection T. std (t) is processed relatively simply to calculate the static and dynamic responses of the railway vehicle 6 as it moves on the superstructure 7. Therefore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 can calculate the static and dynamic responses with a relatively small computational load.

[0330] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, although the speed of the railway vehicle 6 changes slightly, it remains largely unchanged. Therefore, the measuring device 1 assumes that the railway vehicle 6 travels at a certain average speed v. a Driving, based on average speed v a Calculate the deflection T std (t), thus maintaining the deflection T std The accuracy of (t) calculation is improved, which greatly reduces the amount of computation.

[0331] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 does not directly measure the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6. a Instead, it can calculate the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 based on the acceleration data a(t) output from sensor 2 by a simple calculation according to equation (13). a .

[0332] 2. Second Implementation Method

[0333] Hereinafter, regarding the second embodiment, the same reference numerals will be used for the same constituent elements as in the first embodiment, and descriptions that are repeated in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified. The description will mainly focus on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0334] In the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 calculates the natural vibration frequency of the static response and the natural vibration frequency of the dynamic response when the railway vehicle 6 passes over the superstructure 7.

[0335] The natural vibration u, which is the first dynamic response, is calculated using the above equation (57). nv (t) contains signal components with frequencies lower than the natural vibration frequency of the upper structure 7. Therefore, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv (t) Performs a vibration that is greater than the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N High-pass filtering attenuates low-frequency signal components, and the natural vibration u, which is the second dynamic response, is calculated. nv_hp (t).

[0336] Specifically, firstly, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u. nv (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the fundamental frequency F. N . Figure 31 Showing the Figure 21 The inherent vibration u nv (t) is the power spectral density obtained by performing a fast Fourier transform. Figure 31 In the example, the base frequency F N The calculated value is approximately 3Hz. Then, measuring device 1 measures the fundamental frequency F according to equation (58). N Calculate the fundamental period T N As in equation (59), the calculation involves dividing the fundamental period T by ΔT. N The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data. mN The basic period T N It is related to the base frequency F N The corresponding period, T N >2ΔT.

[0337]

[0338]

[0339] Then, as a high-pass filter, the measuring device 1 extracts the natural vibration u according to equation (60). nv (t) minus the fundamental period T N For natural vibration u nv(t) The low-frequency signal components of the vibration components are reduced by performing moving average processing, and the natural vibration u is calculated. nv_hp (t). This moving average process not only requires little computation, but also has a fundamental frequency F N The attenuation of the signal components and their higher harmonic components is very large, thus enabling the acquisition of low-frequency signal components with effectively reduced vibrational components. Therefore, according to equation (60), the natural vibration u with effectively reduced low-frequency signal components can be obtained. nv_hp (t). Figure 32 The frequency characteristics of the high-pass filter according to equation (60) are shown. Additionally, Figure 33 The inherent vibration u is shown nv_hp An example of (t).

[0340]

[0341] It should be noted that, as a high-pass filter, measuring device 1 can also process the natural vibration u. nv (t) is performed to make the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u is calculated by attenuating the low-frequency signal components through FIR filtering. nv_hp (t).

[0342] Since the measured data u(t) is the sum of the static response and the dynamic response, the measuring device 1 subtracts the inherent vibration u, which is the second dynamic response, from the measured data u(t) as in equation (61). nv_hp (t), calculate the static response T as the second static response. E (t). In Figure 34 In the middle, the deflection T will be used as the first static response. EOstd (t) and the static response T as the second static response E (t) is shown in overlap. Additionally, in Figure 35 In the middle, the static response T E The values ​​(t) and the measured data u(t) are shown superimposed. Additionally, in Figure 36 In the middle, the static response T, which will be the second static response, will be used. E (t) and the inherent vibration u as the second dynamic response nv_hp (t) is shown in overlapping. According to Figure 34 , Figure 35 as well as Figure 36 It can be seen that the static response T E (t) and deflection T EOstd (t) Compared to those containing more low-frequency signal components, it more faithfully reproduces the actual static response caused by the passage of railway vehicle 6.

[0343]

[0344] Next, measuring device 1 calculates the static response T. E The first natural frequency f of the fundamental frequency of (t) TE Specifically, measuring device 1 measures the static response T. E (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the first natural vibration frequency f. TE In addition, measuring device 1 calculates u as a natural vibration. nv_hp The second natural frequency f of the fundamental frequency of (t) unv Specifically, measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u. nv_hp (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the second natural vibration frequency f. unv .exist Figure 37 In China, it will be used to Figure 36 static response T E (t) and natural vibration u nv (t) The power spectral densities obtained by performing fast Fourier transform on each are superimposed. Figure 37 In the example, the first natural vibration frequency f TE The second natural vibration frequency is 2.896 Hz. unv It is 2.792 Hz. That is, the second natural vibration frequency f unv Compared to the first natural vibration frequency f TE Low 0.104Hz.

[0345] The static response T, calculated according to the above formula (61), is the second static response. E (t) contains frequencies higher than the first natural frequency f TE Low-frequency signal components. Measurement device 1 can also use high-pass filtering to reduce the static response T. E (t) contains frequencies higher than the first natural frequency f. TE Attenuation of low-frequency signal components; calculation of static response T E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t).

[0346] Specifically, firstly, the measuring device 1 measures the first natural vibration frequency f according to equation (62). TE Calculation period T TE As in equation (63), the calculation involves dividing the period T by ΔT. TE The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data. mTE Period T TE It is related to the first natural vibration frequency f TE The corresponding period, T TE >2ΔT.

[0347]

[0348]

[0349] Then, as a high-pass filter, the measuring device 1 obtains the static response T according to equation (64). E (t) minus the period T TE For static response T E (t) The low-frequency signal components of the vibration components are reduced by performing moving average processing, and the static response T is calculated. E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t). This moving average process not only requires less computation, but also the first natural frequency f TE The attenuation of the signal components and their higher harmonic components is very large, thus it is possible to obtain low-frequency signal components with effectively reduced vibration components. Therefore, according to equation (63), it is possible to obtain vibration components T with effectively reduced low-frequency signal components. E_hp (t).

[0350]

[0351] It should be noted that, as a high-pass filter, measuring device 1 can also process the static response T. E (t) is performed at a frequency higher than the first natural frequency f. TE The vibration component T is calculated by attenuating the low-frequency signal components using FIR filtering. E_hp (t).

[0352] By using the static response T as the second static response E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t) and the inherent vibration u as the second dynamic response nv_hp By comparing (t), the static response T can be understood. E (t) and natural vibration u nv_hp The relationship between (t). In Figure 38 In the middle, the vibration component T E_hp (t) and natural vibration u nv_hp (t) is shown in overlap. In Figure 38 In the example, the natural vibration u can be observed nv_hp The phase of (t) is delayed as time passes, and the vibrational component T E_hp The phase of (t) and the natural vibration u nv_hp The phase deviation of (t) is considered because, in the initial stage of the railway vehicle 6 passing the superstructure 7, the vibration displacement of the static response becomes the excitation source, exciting a small amount of low-frequency natural vibration of the superstructure 7.

[0353] In addition, in order to determine the amplitude of the vibrational component contained in the measured data u(t) and the natural vibration u as the second dynamic response, nv_hp By comparing the amplitudes of u(t), measuring device 1 can also calculate their respective envelopes. The envelope of the measured data u(t) is then calculated. hp_mag (t) is obtained by low-pass filtering the absolute value of the measured data u(t) as shown in equation (65). Similarly, the natural vibration u nv_hp The envelope u of (t) nv_hp_mag (t) as in equation (66), through the natural vibration u nv_hp The absolute value of (t) is obtained by low-pass filtering.

[0354]

[0355]

[0356] exist Figure 39 In the middle, the envelope of the measured data u(t) is u hp_mag (t) and natural vibration u nv_hp The envelope u of (t) nv_hp_mag (t) is shown in overlapping. For example... Figure 39 As shown, the amplitude of the vibrational component included in the measured data u(t) is related to the natural vibration u. nv_hp With different amplitudes of (t), the dynamic response, disregarding the influence of the static response, more accurately represents the structural vibration characteristics of the superstructure 7.

[0357] Figure 40 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the measurement method of the second embodiment. Figure 40 In the middle, to conduct with Figure 22 Each process involving the same steps is labeled with the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs... Figure 40 The process is shown.

[0358] like Figure 40 As shown, firstly, similar to the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs each of the processes S10 to S120.

[0359] Next, in the second dynamic response calculation step S121, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u calculated in S120 as the first dynamic response. nv (t) Performs a vibration that is greater than the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N High-pass filtering attenuates low-frequency signal components, and the natural vibration u, which is the second dynamic response, is calculated. nv_hp (t).

[0360] Next, in the second static response calculation step S122, the measuring device 1 subtracts the natural vibration u calculated in step S121 from the measurement data u(t) generated in the first measurement data generation step S20, as described in equation (61) above. nv_hp (t), calculate the static response T as the second static response. E (t).

[0361] Next, in the first natural vibration frequency calculation step S123, the measuring device 1 calculates the static response T calculated in step S122. E The first natural frequency f of the fundamental frequency of (t) TE Specifically, measuring device 1 measures the static response T. E (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the first natural vibration frequency f. TE .

[0362] Next, in the second natural vibration frequency calculation step S124, the measuring device 1 calculates the natural vibration u calculated in step S121. nv_hp The second natural frequency f of the fundamental frequency of (t) unv Specifically, measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u. nv_hp (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the second natural vibration frequency f. unv .

[0363] Next, in the static response vibration component calculation step S125, the static response T calculated in the measurement device 1 calculation step S122 is... E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t). Specifically, the measuring device 1 uses high-pass filtering to make the static response T... E (t) includes the first natural vibration frequency f calculated in process S123. TE Attenuation of low-frequency signal components; calculation of static response T E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t). For example, as a high-pass filter, the measuring device 1 obtains the static response T from the above equation (64). E (t) Subtract from the first natural frequency f TE The corresponding period T TE For static response T E (t) The low-frequency signal components of the vibration components are reduced by performing moving average processing, and the static response T is calculated. E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp(t). Alternatively, as a high-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also process the static response T. E (t) is performed at a frequency higher than the first natural frequency f. TE The vibration component T is calculated by attenuating the low-frequency signal components using FIR filtering. E_hp (t).

[0364] Next, in the first envelope calculation step S126, the measuring device 1 calculates the envelope u of the measurement data u(t) generated in the first measurement data generation step S20. hp_mag (t). Specifically, the measuring device 1 performs low-pass filtering on the absolute value of the measured data u(t) as described in equation (65) above to calculate the envelope u. hp_mag (t).

[0365] Next, in the second envelope calculation step S127, the measuring device 1 calculates the natural vibration u calculated in the second dynamic response calculation step S121. nv_hp The envelope u of (t) nv_hp_mag (t). Specifically, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u as described in equation (66) above. nv_hp The envelope u is calculated by low-pass filtering the absolute value of (t). nv_hp_mag (t).

[0366] Next, similarly to the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs the measurement data output process S130. It should be noted that the measurement data output by the measuring device 1 may also include the natural vibration u calculated in process S121. nv_hp (t), the static response T calculated in process S122 E (t) The first natural vibration frequency f calculated in process S123 TE The second natural vibration frequency f calculated in process S124 unv The vibration component T calculated in process S125 E_hp (t) The envelope u calculated in process S126 hp_mag (t) and the envelope u calculated in process S127 nv_hp_mag At least one of (t).

[0367] Then, the measuring device 1 repeatedly performs the processes S10 to S130 until the measurement ends in process S140.

[0368] Figure 41 It means Figure 40 A flowchart of an example of the process of the second dynamic response calculation step S121.

[0369] like Figure 41As shown, firstly, in process S1211, measuring device 1... Figure 40 The natural vibration u calculated in process S120 nv (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the fundamental frequency F. N .

[0370] Then, in process S1212, the measuring device 1 performs a process that causes the natural vibration u to be greater than the natural vibration. nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N The natural vibration u is calculated by high-pass filtering that attenuates low-frequency signal components. nv_hp (t). As a high-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also obtain the natural vibration u according to the above equation (60). nv (t) minus the fundamental frequency F N The corresponding basic period T N For natural vibration u nv (t) The low-frequency signal components of the vibration components are reduced by performing moving average processing, and the natural vibration u is calculated. nv_hp (t). Alternatively, as a high-pass filter, the measuring device 1 can also process the natural vibration u. nv (t) is performed to make the fundamental frequency F N FIR filtering for attenuation of low-frequency signal components, and calculation of natural vibration u. nv_hp (t).

[0371] Figure 42 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the measuring device 1 in the second embodiment. (See diagram below.) Figure 42 As shown, the measuring device 1 in the second embodiment includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor 14, just like in the first embodiment. The functions of the first communication unit 11, the second communication unit 12, and the storage unit 13 are the same as in the first embodiment, so their description is omitted.

[0372] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes the measurement program 131 stored in the storage unit 13, and functions as an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection calculation unit 146, a second deflection calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a first static response calculation unit 151, a first dynamic response calculation unit 152, a measurement data output unit 153, a second dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second static response calculation unit 155, a first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156, a second natural vibration frequency calculation unit 157, a static response vibration component calculation unit 158, a first envelope calculation unit 159, and a second envelope calculation unit 160. That is, the processor 14 includes an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection calculation unit 146, a second deflection calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a first static response calculation unit 151, a first dynamic response calculation unit 152, a measurement data output unit 153, a second dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second static response calculation unit 155, a first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156, a second natural vibration frequency calculation unit 157, a static response vibration component calculation unit 158, a first envelope calculation unit 159, and a second envelope calculation unit 160.

[0373] The functions of the observation data acquisition unit 141, the first measurement data generation unit 142, the second measurement data generation unit 143, the observation information generation unit 144, the average velocity calculation unit 145, the first deflection calculation unit 146, the second deflection calculation unit 147, the coefficient calculation unit 148, the third deflection calculation unit 149, the offset calculation unit 150, the first static response calculation unit 151, the first dynamic response calculation unit 152, and the measurement data output unit 153 are the same as in the first embodiment, so their descriptions are omitted. It should be noted that the observation data acquisition unit 141 performs... Figure 40 The observation data acquisition process S10 is processed. Additionally, the first measurement data generation unit 142 performs... Figure 40 The first measurement data generation step S20 processes the data. Additionally, the second measurement data generation unit 143 performs... Figure 40 The second measurement data generation step S30 processes the data. Additionally, the observation information generation unit 144 performs... Figure 40 The observation information generation process S40 processes the data. Additionally, the average velocity calculation unit 145 performs... Figure 40 The average speed calculation process S50 is performed. Additionally, the first deflection calculation unit 146 performs... Figure 40The first deflection calculation step S60 processes the data. Additionally, the second deflection calculation unit 147 performs... Figure 40 The second deflection calculation step S70 is performed. Additionally, the coefficient calculation unit 148 performs... Figure 40 The coefficient calculation process S80 is performed. Additionally, the third deflection calculation unit 149 performs... Figure 40 The third deflection calculation step S90 is performed. Additionally, the offset calculation unit 150 performs... Figure 40 The offset calculation process S100 is performed. Additionally, the first static response calculation unit 151 performs... Figure 40 The first static response calculation step S110 processes the data. Additionally, the first dynamic response calculation unit 152 performs... Figure 40 The first dynamic response calculation step S120 processes the data. Additionally, the measurement data output unit 153 performs... Figure 40 The measurement data output process S130 is processed.

[0374] The second dynamic response calculation unit 154 calculates the natural vibration u, which is the first dynamic response, from the first dynamic response calculation unit 152. nv (t) Performs a vibration that is greater than the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N High-pass filtering attenuates low-frequency signal components, and the natural vibration u, which is the second dynamic response, is calculated. nv_hp (t). Specifically, firstly, the second dynamic response calculation unit 154 calculates the natural vibration u. nv (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the fundamental frequency F. N Then, the second dynamic response calculation unit 154 performs a calculation that compares the natural vibration u. nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N The natural vibration u is calculated by high-pass filtering that attenuates low-frequency signal components. nv_hp (t). As a high-pass filtering process, the second dynamic response calculation unit 154 can also calculate the natural vibration u based on the above equation (60). nv (t) minus the fundamental frequency F N The corresponding basic period T N For natural vibration u nv (t) The low-frequency signal components of the vibration components are reduced by performing moving average processing to calculate the natural vibration u. nv_hp (t). Alternatively, as a high-pass filtering process, the second dynamic response calculation unit 154 can also process the natural vibration u. nv (t) is performed to make the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u is calculated by attenuating the low-frequency signal components through FIR filtering. nv_hp(t). The natural vibration u calculated by the second dynamic response calculation unit 154. nv_hp (t) can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the second dynamic response calculation unit 154 performs... Figure 40 The second dynamic response calculation step S121 in the process specifically involves... Figure 41 The processing of processes S1211 and S1212.

[0375] The second static response calculation unit 155 subtracts the natural vibration u calculated by the second dynamic response calculation unit 154 from the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142, as described in equation (61) above. nv_hp (t), calculate the static response T as the second static response. E (t). The static response T calculated by the second static response calculation unit 155. E (t) can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the second static response calculation unit 155 performs... Figure 40 The processing of the second static response calculation step S122 in the process.

[0376] The first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156 calculates the static response T, which is calculated by the second static response calculation unit 155. E The first natural frequency f of the fundamental frequency of (t) TE Specifically, the first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156 calculates the static response T. E (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the first natural vibration frequency f. TE The first natural vibration frequency f calculated by the first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156 TE It can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156 performs... Figure 40 The processing of the first natural vibration frequency calculation step S123 in the process.

[0377] The second natural vibration frequency calculation unit 157 calculates the natural vibration u calculated by the second dynamic response calculation unit 154. nv_hp The second natural frequency f of the fundamental frequency of (t) unv Specifically, the second natural vibration frequency calculation unit 157 calculates the natural vibration u. nv_hp (t) Perform Fast Fourier Transform to calculate the power spectral density, and calculate the peak value of the power spectral density as the second natural vibration frequency f. unv The second natural vibration frequency f calculated by the second natural vibration frequency calculation unit 157 unvIt can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the second natural vibration frequency calculation unit 157 performs... Figure 40 The processing of the second natural vibration frequency calculation step S124.

[0378] The static response vibration component calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the static response T calculated by the second static response calculation unit 155. E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t). Specifically, the static response vibration component calculation unit 158 ​​uses high-pass filtering to make the static response T... E (t) contains the first natural vibration frequency f calculated by the first natural vibration frequency calculation unit 156. TE Attenuation of low-frequency signal components; calculation of static response T E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t). For example, as a high-pass filtering process, the static response vibration component calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the static response T based on the above equation (64). E (t) Subtract from the first natural frequency f TE The corresponding period T TE For static response T E (t) is processed by moving average to reduce the low-frequency signal components of the vibration component, and the vibration component T contained in the static response TE(t) is calculated. E_hp (t). Alternatively, as a high-pass filtering process, the static response vibration component calculation unit 158 ​​can also calculate the static response T. E (t) is performed at a frequency higher than the first natural frequency f. TE The vibration component T is calculated by attenuating the low-frequency signal components using FIR filtering. E_hp (t). Vibration component T calculated by the static response vibration component calculation unit 158. E_hp (t) can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the static response vibration component calculation unit 158 ​​performs... Figure 40 The static response vibration component calculation process S125.

[0379] The first envelope calculation unit 159 calculates the envelope u of the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142. hp_mag (t). Specifically, the first envelope calculation unit 159 performs low-pass filtering on the absolute value of the measured data u(t) as described in equation (65) above to calculate the envelope u. hp_mag (t). The envelope u calculated by the first envelope calculation unit 159 hp_mag (t) can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the first envelope calculation unit 159 performs... Figure 40 The processing of the first envelope calculation step S126 in the process.

[0380] The second envelope calculation unit 160 calculates the natural vibration u calculated by the second dynamic response calculation unit 154. nv_hp The envelope u of (t) nv_hp_mag (t). Specifically, the second envelope calculation unit 160 calculates the natural vibration u as described in equation (66) above. nv_hp The envelope u is calculated by low-pass filtering the absolute value of (t). nv_hp_mag (t). The envelope u calculated by the second envelope calculation unit 160 nv_hp_mag (t) can also be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a portion of the measurement data 135. That is, the second envelope calculation unit 160 performs... Figure 40 The processing of the second envelope calculation step S127 in the process.

[0381] Thus, measurement program 131 is executed by measurement device 1, which is a computer. Figure 40 The procedure for each step of the process shown.

[0382] In the measurement method of the second embodiment described above, the measuring device 1 measures the inherent vibration u, which is the first dynamic response. nv_hp (t) Performs a vibration that is greater than the natural vibration u nv_hp The fundamental frequency F of (t) N High-pass filtering attenuates low-frequency signal components, and the natural vibration u, which is the second dynamic response, is calculated. nv_hp (t). Therefore, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, it is possible to calculate a second dynamic response with higher accuracy than the first dynamic response, in which signal components caused by low-frequency noise, environmental vibration, etc. are reduced.

[0383] Furthermore, in the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 subtracts the highly accurate second dynamic response, i.e., the inherent vibration u, from the measured data u(t). nv_hp (t), thus calculating the static response T as the second static response. E (t). Therefore, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 can calculate the deflection T, which is the first static response, with an accuracy ratio of 1 / 2. EOstd (t) High static response T E (t).

[0384] Furthermore, in the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 is based on a high-precision static response T. E (t) Calculate the first natural frequency f TE Based on the high-precision second dynamic response, i.e., the inherent vibration u nv_hp (t) Calculate the second natural vibration frequency f unvTherefore, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 can calculate the natural vibration frequency of the static response and the natural vibration frequency of the dynamic response with high accuracy.

[0385] Furthermore, in the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs high-pass filtering to reduce the static response T. E (t) contains frequencies higher than the first natural frequency f. TE Attenuation of low-frequency signal components; calculation of static response T E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t). Therefore, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, the user measures the static response T. E The vibrational component T contained in (t) E_hp (t) and the inherent vibration u as the second dynamic response nv_hp By comparing (t), we can analyze the relationship between the waveforms of the static response and the waveforms of the dynamic response.

[0386] Furthermore, in the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 calculates the envelope u of the measurement data u(t) including the static response and the dynamic response. hp_mag (t) and the inherent vibration u as the second dynamic response nv_hp The envelope u of (t) nv_hp_mag (t). Therefore, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, the user measures the envelope u hp_mag (t) and envelope u nv_hp_mag By comparing (t), we can analyze the relationship between the amplitude of the vibration component with superimposed static and dynamic responses and the amplitude of the dynamic response.

[0387] In addition, the measurement method according to the second embodiment can achieve the same effect as the measurement method of the first embodiment.

[0388] 3. Variations

[0389] This invention is not limited to this embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.

[0390] In the above embodiments, the sensor 2, which serves as the observation device, is an acceleration sensor that outputs acceleration data a(k), but the observation device is not limited to an acceleration sensor. For example, the observation device may also be an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a force sensor, or a displacement gauge.

[0391] Impact sensors detect impact acceleration as a response of each axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the action of observation point R. Pressure sensors, strain gauges, and force sensors detect stress changes as a response of each axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the action of observation point R. An image measuring device detects displacement as a response of each axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the action of observation point R through image processing. Displacement gauges, such as contact displacement gauges, ring displacement gauges, laser displacement gauges, pressure sensors, or displacement measurement devices utilizing optical fibers, detect displacement as a response of each axle of the railway vehicle 6 to the action of observation point R.

[0392] As an example, Figure 43 The diagram shows an example of the configuration of a measurement system 10 using a ring displacement gauge as the observation device. Additionally, Figure 44 An example of the configuration of a measurement system 10 using an image measuring device as an observation device is shown. Figure 43 and Figure 44 In China, for the sake of Figure 1 Identical components are labeled with the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted. Figure 43 In the measurement system 10 shown, a piano wire 41 is fixed between the upper surface of the ring displacement gauge 40 and the lower surface of the main beam G directly above it. The ring displacement gauge 40 measures the displacement of the piano wire 41 caused by the deflection of the upper structure 7 and sends the measured displacement data to the measuring device 1. The measuring device 1 generates measurement data 135 based on the displacement data sent from the ring displacement gauge 40. Furthermore, in Figure 44 In the measurement system 10 shown, camera 50 captures an image of a target 51 positioned on the side of the main beam G and sends it to measuring device 1. Measuring device 1 processes the image from camera 50, calculates the displacement of target 51 caused by the deflection of the superstructure 7, generates displacement data, and generates measurement data 135 based on the generated displacement data. Figure 44 In the example, measuring device 1 generates displacement data as an image measuring device, but it can also be an image measuring device (not shown) that is different from measuring device 1 and generates displacement data through image processing.

[0393] In addition, in the above embodiments, bridge 5 is a railway bridge and the moving body on bridge 5 is a railway vehicle 6. However, bridge 5 can also be a highway bridge and the moving body on bridge 5 can be a car, tram, truck, construction vehicle, or other vehicle. Figure 45 The diagram shows an example of the configuration of a measurement system 10 when bridge 5 is a highway bridge and vehicle 6a is moving on bridge 5. Figure 45 In China, for the sake of Figure 1 The same constituent elements are labeled with the same reference numerals. For example... Figure 45 As shown, the bridge 5, which is a highway bridge, is composed of a superstructure 7 and a substructure 8, just like the railway bridge. Figure 46 Is according to Figure 45 A sectional view of the upper structure 7 after cutting along line AA. (See attached image.) Figure 45 and Figure 46 As shown, the superstructure 7 includes a bridge deck 7a composed of a bridge deck F, main beams G, and crossbeams (not shown), and supports 7b. Additionally, as... Figure 45 As shown, the substructure 8 includes piers 8a and abutments 8b. The superstructure 7 is a structure erected on any one of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. The two ends of the superstructure 7 are located at the positions of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. The bridge 5 is, for example, a steel bridge, a beam bridge, or an RC bridge.

[0394] Each sensor 2 is positioned at the center of the superstructure 7 along its length, specifically at the center of the main beam G along its length. However, each sensor 2 only needs to be able to detect the acceleration used to calculate the displacement of the superstructure 7; its placement is not limited to the center of the superstructure 7. It should be noted that when each sensor 2 is positioned on the bridge deck F of the superstructure 7, it may be damaged by the movement of the vehicle 6a. Furthermore, the measurement accuracy may be affected by local deformation of the bridge deck 7a. Therefore, in… Figure 45 and Figure 46 In the example, each sensor 2 is installed on the main beam G of the upper structure 7.

[0395] like Figure 46 As shown, the superstructure 7 has two lanes L1 and L2 that a vehicle 6a can move on, as well as three main beams G. Figure 45 and Figure 46 In the example, at the center of the superstructure 7 along its length, sensors 2 are installed on each of the two main beams at both ends. An observation point R1 is positioned on the surface of lane L1, vertically above one sensor 2, and an observation point R2 is positioned on the surface of lane L2, vertically above the other sensor 2. That is, the two sensors 2 are observation devices that observe observation points R1 and R2 respectively. The two sensors 2 that observe observation points R1 and R2 only need to be positioned to detect the acceleration generated at observation points R1 and R2 due to the movement of vehicle 6a, but ideally, they should be positioned close to observation points R1 and R2. It should be noted that the number and placement of sensors 22, as well as the number of lanes, are not limited. Figure 45 and Figure 46 The example shown can be adapted in various ways.

[0396] The measuring device 1 calculates the displacement of lanes L1 and L2 caused by the movement of vehicle 6a based on the acceleration data output from each sensor 2, and sends the displacement information of lanes L1 and L2 to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The monitoring device 3 may also store this information in a storage device (not shown), for example, for monitoring vehicle 6a, determining anomalies in the superstructure 7, etc.

[0397] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, each sensor 2 is respectively installed on the main beam G of the superstructure 7, but it can also be installed on the surface, interior, lower surface of the bridge deck F, pier 8a, etc. of the superstructure 7. In addition, in the above embodiments, the superstructure of a bridge is given as an example of a structure, but it is not limited to this. The structure can be any object that deforms due to the movement of the moving body.

[0398] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the measuring device 1 calculates the entry time t based on the observation data output from the observation device at the observation point R. i However, the entry time t can also be calculated based on observation data output from other observation devices at the entry end of the superstructure 7. i Similarly, in the embodiments described above, the measuring device 1 calculates the departure time t based on the observation data output from the observation device at the observation point R. o However, the departure time t can also be calculated based on observation data output from other observation devices at the departure end of the superstructure 7. o .

[0399] The above embodiments and modifications are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope. For instance, the various embodiments and modifications can be appropriately combined.

[0400] This invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as those described in the embodiments, such as configurations with the same function, method, and result, or configurations with the same purpose and effect. Additionally, this invention includes configurations that replace non-essential parts of the configurations described in the embodiments. Furthermore, this invention includes configurations that perform the same function and effect as those described in the embodiments, or configurations that can achieve the same purpose. Additionally, this invention includes configurations formed by adding known techniques to the configurations described in the embodiments.

[0401] The following content is derived from the above implementation methods and variations.

[0402] One aspect of the measurement method includes:

[0403] The first measurement data generation process generates first measurement data based on physical quantities, which are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point.

[0404] The second measurement data generation process generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component.

[0405] The observation information generation process generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure;

[0406] The average velocity calculation process calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure.

[0407] The first deflection calculation step calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity.

[0408] The second deflection calculation process calculates the second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection.

[0409] The coefficient calculation process involves approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculating the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function.

[0410] The third deflection calculation step calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection.

[0411] The offset calculation process calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection.

[0412] The first static response calculation step involves adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response; and

[0413] The first dynamic response calculation step calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

[0414] According to this measurement method, by approximating the second measurement data as a linear function of the second deflection, the static response can be separated and calculated from the static and dynamic responses contained in the first measurement data. The second deflection is the deflection amount that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection amount, and the second measurement data is the data that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first measurement data.

[0415] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, since the product of the first term (i.e., the first coefficient) of the first function approximating the first deflection and the first deflection is equivalent to the displacement of the structure proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset is equivalent to the clearance, buoyancy, and other displacements of the structure that are not proportional to the load of the moving body, the static response can be calculated with high precision by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection and the offset.

[0416] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, the dynamic response can be calculated with high precision by subtracting the first static response, which is calculated with high precision, from the first measured data.

[0417] Furthermore, in this measurement method, the static and dynamic responses of the moving body as it moves on the structure are calculated using a relatively simple process: first measured data generated from observation data and a first deflection amount generated from an approximation of the structure's deflection. Therefore, according to this measurement method, the static and dynamic responses can be calculated with relatively low computational complexity.

[0418] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, although the speed of the moving body changes slightly, it does not change much. Therefore, assuming that the moving body moves at a certain average speed, by calculating the first deflection based on the average speed, it is possible to maintain the accuracy of the calculation of the first deflection while significantly reducing the amount of calculation.

[0419] One aspect of the measurement method may also include:

[0420] The second dynamic response calculation step involves performing high-pass filtering on the first dynamic response to attenuate signal components at frequencies lower than the fundamental frequency of the first dynamic response, and then calculating the second dynamic response.

[0421] According to this measurement method, a second dynamic response with higher accuracy than the first dynamic response can be calculated, in which the signal components caused by low-frequency noise, environmental vibration, etc., are reduced.

[0422] One aspect of the measurement method may also include:

[0423] The second static response calculation step involves subtracting the second dynamic response from the first measured data to calculate the second static response.

[0424] According to this measurement method, by subtracting the second dynamic response with higher accuracy from the first measurement data, a second static response with higher accuracy than the first static response can be calculated.

[0425] One aspect of the measurement method may also include:

[0426] The first natural vibration frequency calculation step calculates the first natural vibration frequency, which is the fundamental frequency of the second static response; and

[0427] The second natural vibration frequency calculation process calculates the second natural vibration frequency, which is the fundamental frequency of the second dynamic response.

[0428] According to this measurement method, the natural vibration frequency of the static response can be calculated with high precision based on the high-precision second static response, and the natural vibration frequency of the dynamic response can be calculated with high precision based on the high-precision second dynamic response.

[0429] In one aspect of the measurement method, it may also be:

[0430] The structure in question is the superstructure of a bridge.

[0431] According to this measurement method, the static and dynamic responses of a moving body moving on the superstructure of a bridge can be calculated with relatively small computational load.

[0432] In one aspect of the measurement method, it may also be:

[0433] The moving body is a vehicle or a railway vehicle.

[0434] The various parts refer to either the axle or the wheel.

[0435] According to this measurement method, the static and dynamic responses of vehicles or railway vehicles moving on structures can be calculated with relatively small computational loads.

[0436] In one aspect of the measurement method, it may also be:

[0437] The approximate formula for the deflection of the structure is based on the structural model of the structure.

[0438] According to this measurement method, it is possible to calculate the first deflection of the structure that reflects the movement of the moving body, and to calculate the static and dynamic responses with high accuracy.

[0439] In one aspect of the measurement method, it may also be:

[0440] The structural model is a simply supported beam supported at both ends.

[0441] Based on this measurement method, the static and dynamic responses of a moving body when moving on a structure that is close to a simply supported beam can be calculated with high precision.

[0442] In one aspect of the measurement method, it may also be:

[0443] The observation device is an accelerometer, an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a force sensor, or a displacement gauge.

[0444] According to this measurement method, static and dynamic responses can be measured with high precision using data on acceleration, stress changes, or displacement.

[0445] In one aspect of the measurement method, it may also be:

[0446] The structure described is the one that functions as a BWIM (Bridge Weigh in Motion) system.

[0447] One aspect of the measuring device includes:

[0448] The first measurement data generation unit generates first measurement data based on physical quantities based on observation data output from the observation device at the observation point of the observed structure. The physical quantities are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point.

[0449] The second measurement data generation unit generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component.

[0450] The observation information generation unit generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure;

[0451] The average velocity calculation unit calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure.

[0452] The first deflection calculation unit calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity.

[0453] The second deflection calculation unit calculates a second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection.

[0454] The coefficient calculation unit approximates the second measurement data using a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculates the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function.

[0455] The third deflection calculation unit calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection.

[0456] The offset calculation unit calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection;

[0457] The first static response calculation unit calculates the first static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset; and

[0458] The first dynamic response calculation unit calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

[0459] According to the measuring device, by approximating the second measurement data as a linear function of the second deflection, the static response can be separated and calculated from the static and dynamic responses contained in the first measurement data. The second deflection is the deflection amount that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection amount, and the second measurement data is the data that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first measurement data.

[0460] Furthermore, according to this measuring device, since the product of the first term (i.e., the first coefficient) of the first function approximating the first deflection and the first deflection is equivalent to the displacement of the structure proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset is equivalent to the clearance, buoyancy, and other displacements of the structure that are not proportional to the load of the moving body, the static response can be calculated with high precision by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection and the offset.

[0461] Furthermore, according to this measuring device, the dynamic response can be calculated with high precision by subtracting the first static response, which is calculated with high precision, from the first measured data.

[0462] Furthermore, in this measuring device, the static and dynamic responses of the moving body as it moves on the structure are calculated using a relatively simple process: first measured data generated from observation data and a first deflection amount generated from an approximation of the structure's deflection. Therefore, according to this measuring device, the static and dynamic responses can be calculated with relatively low computational complexity.

[0463] Furthermore, according to the measuring device, although the speed of the moving body changes slightly, it does not change much. Therefore, assuming that the moving body moves at a certain average speed, by calculating the first deflection based on the average speed, it is possible to maintain the accuracy of the calculation of the first deflection while greatly reducing the amount of calculation.

[0464] One aspect of the measurement system is:

[0465] One aspect of the measuring device; and

[0466] The observation device.

[0467] One aspect of the measurement program is that the computer performs the following steps:

[0468] The first measurement data generation process generates first measurement data based on physical quantities, which are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point.

[0469] The second measurement data generation process generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component.

[0470] The observation information generation process generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure;

[0471] The average velocity calculation process calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure.

[0472] The first deflection calculation step calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity.

[0473] The second deflection calculation process calculates the second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection.

[0474] The coefficient calculation process involves approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculating the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function.

[0475] The third deflection calculation step calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection.

[0476] The offset calculation process calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection.

[0477] The first static response calculation step involves adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response; and

[0478] The first dynamic response calculation step calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

[0479] According to the measurement procedure, by approximating the second measurement data as a linear function of the second deflection, the static response can be separated and calculated from the static and dynamic responses contained in the first measurement data. The second deflection is the deflection amount that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection amount, and the second measurement data is the data that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first measurement data.

[0480] Furthermore, according to this measurement procedure, since the product of the first term (i.e., the first coefficient) of the first function approximating the first deflection and the first deflection is equivalent to the displacement of the structure proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset is equivalent to the clearance, buoyancy, and other displacements of the structure that are not proportional to the load of the moving body, the static response can be calculated with high precision by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection and the offset.

[0481] Furthermore, according to this measurement procedure, the dynamic response can be calculated with high precision by subtracting the first static response, which is calculated with high precision, from the first measured data.

[0482] Furthermore, in this measurement procedure, the static and dynamic responses of the moving body as it moves on the structure are calculated using a relatively simple process: first measured data generated from observation data and a first deflection amount generated from an approximation of the structure's deflection. Therefore, according to this measurement procedure, the static and dynamic responses can be calculated with relatively low computational complexity.

[0483] Furthermore, according to the measurement procedure, the actual speed of the moving body changes slightly but does not change significantly. Therefore, assuming that the moving body moves at a certain average speed, by calculating the first deflection based on the average speed, it is possible to maintain the accuracy of the calculation of the first deflection while greatly reducing the amount of calculation.

Claims

1. A method of measurement, characterized by, include: The first measurement data generation process generates first measurement data based on physical quantities, which are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point. The second measurement data generation process generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component. The observation information generation process generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure; The average velocity calculation process calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure. The first deflection calculation step calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity. The second deflection calculation process calculates the second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection. The coefficient calculation process involves approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculating the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function. The third deflection calculation step calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection. The offset calculation process calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection. The first static response calculation step involves adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response. as well as The first dynamic response calculation step calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

2. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement method includes: The second dynamic response calculation step involves performing high-pass filtering on the first dynamic response to attenuate signal components at frequencies lower than the fundamental frequency of the first dynamic response, and then calculating the second dynamic response.

3. The measurement method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The measurement method includes: The second static response calculation step involves subtracting the second dynamic response from the first measured data to calculate the second static response.

4. The measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The measurement method includes: The first natural vibration frequency calculation step calculates the first natural vibration frequency, which is the fundamental frequency of the second static response; and The second natural vibration frequency calculation process calculates the second natural vibration frequency, which is the fundamental frequency of the second dynamic response.

5. The measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The structure in question is the superstructure of a bridge.

6. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moving body is a vehicle or a railway vehicle. The various parts refer to either the axle or the wheel.

7. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The approximate formula for the deflection of the structure is based on the structural model of the structure.

8. The measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The structural model is a simply supported beam supported at both ends.

9. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation device is an accelerometer, an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a force sensor, or a displacement gauge.

10. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structure described is designed to enable dynamic weighing of the bridge.

11. A measuring device, characterized in that, include: The first measurement data generation unit generates first measurement data based on physical quantities based on observation data output from the observation device at the observation point of the observed structure. The physical quantities are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point. The second measurement data generation unit generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component. The observation information generation unit generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure; The average velocity calculation unit calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure. The first deflection calculation unit calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity. The second deflection calculation unit calculates a second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection. The coefficient calculation unit approximates the second measurement data using a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculates the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function. The third deflection calculation unit calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection. The offset calculation unit calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection; The first static response calculation unit adds the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response; as well as The first dynamic response calculation unit calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

12. A measurement system, characterized in that, have: The measuring device according to claim 11; and The observation device.

13. A program product comprising a measurement program, characterized in that, The measurement program causes the computer to perform the following steps: The first measurement data generation process generates first measurement data based on physical quantities, which are the responses of multiple parts of a moving body moving on the structure to the observation point. The second measurement data generation process generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce the vibration component. The observation information generation process generates observation information including the entry time of the moving body into the structure and the departure time of the moving body from the structure; The average velocity calculation process calculates the average velocity of the moving body based on the observation information and pre-created environmental information including the size of the moving body and the size of the structure. The first deflection calculation step calculates the first deflection of the structure caused by the moving body based on the approximate formula of the structure's deflection, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity. The second deflection calculation process calculates the second deflection that reduces the vibration component by filtering the first deflection. The coefficient calculation process involves approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount, and calculating the first-order coefficient and zero-order coefficient of the linear function. The third deflection calculation step calculates the third deflection based on the first-order coefficient, the zero-order coefficient, and the second deflection. The offset calculation process calculates the offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection, and the third deflection. The first static response calculation step involves adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection to the offset to calculate the first static response. as well as The first dynamic response calculation step calculates the first dynamic response by subtracting the first static response from the first measured data.

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