Service quality indication determination method and apparatus, communication device, and storage medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to information transmission methods and apparatuses, communication devices and storage media. A policy control function (PCF) determines that a data flow can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link. For the data flow that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, a quality of service indicator corresponding to a same data flow service as a non-satellite backhaul link transmission is selected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of wireless communication technology, and particularly to a method, apparatus, communication device, and storage medium for determining quality of service indication. Background Technology

[0002] Data connections between base stations and the core network can be established through non-terrestrial networks such as satellite backhaul links. Satellite backhaul links, also known as satellite backhaul, have significant latency compared to terrestrial networks. For example, a one-way latency of a satellite backhaul link established via a high-Earth orbit (GEO) satellite can reach 270ms; a one-way latency of a satellite backhaul link established via a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite at an altitude of 1200 km can reach 21ms; and a one-way latency of a satellite backhaul link established via a low-LEO satellite at an altitude of 600 km can reach 13ms. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, apparatus, communication device, and storage medium for determining a quality of service indicator.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for determining a quality of service indicator is provided, wherein the method is executed by a policy control function (PCF) of a core network, the method comprising:

[0005] It was determined that the data stream could be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link;

[0006] For the data stream that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, select the quality of service indicator corresponding to the same data stream service transmitted using a non-satellite backhaul link.

[0007] In one embodiment, determining the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link, including:

[0008] Receive an Application Function (AF) service request, and determine, based on the AF service request, that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link;

[0009] or,

[0010] Based on the pre-configured transmission intention indication, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining that the data stream can be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link based on the AF service request includes:

[0012] Based on the transmission intention indication carried in the AF service request, indicating a willingness to transmit via the satellite backhaul link, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0013] or,

[0014] If the delay value carried in the AF service request is less than or equal to the transmission delay of the predetermined satellite backhaul link data stream, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0015] In one embodiment, receiving an AF service request includes:

[0016] The AF service request is received before the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session associated with the data stream is established.

[0017] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0018] In response to receiving a first indication message from the Session Management Function (SMF) instructing the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, a second indication message is sent to the AF instructing the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link; wherein the AF service request is returned by the AF based on the second indication message.

[0019] In one embodiment, receiving the AF service request includes:

[0020] The AF service request is obtained from the Unified Data Repository (UDR).

[0021] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0022] Based on the User Equipment (UE) identification information contained in the AF service request, determine the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an information transmission method is provided, wherein the method is executed by an AF (Automatic Field Controller) of a core network, the method comprising:

[0024] Sending an AF service request, wherein the AF service request is used for the PCF to determine that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, and when it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, to select the quality of service indicator corresponding to the same data stream service transmitted via a non-satellite backhaul link for the data stream.

[0025] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request includes: sending the AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication, wherein the transmission intention indication is used to indicate that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link;

[0026] or,

[0027] Send the AF service request carrying a delay value for the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, wherein the delay value is used by the PCF to determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0028] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication includes:

[0029] In response to determining that the delay value of the data stream transmitted through the satellite backhaul link is less than or equal to a first delay threshold, the AF service request carrying the transmission intention indication is sent.

[0030] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request carrying the delay value of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link includes:

[0031] Based on the service requirements of the data stream, determine the latency value at which the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link.

[0032] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0033] In response to the service requirements of the data stream, it is determined that the data stream cannot be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0034] Send an instruction to the core network to remove the data stream.

[0035] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request includes:

[0036] Before the PDU session associated with the data stream is established, it is determined that the data stream is transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and the AF service request is sent.

[0037] or,

[0038] In response to receiving a second indication message instructing the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, the AF service request is sent.

[0039] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request includes:

[0040] The AF service request is stored in the UDR via the Network Exposure Function (NEF), wherein the transmission intention indication stored in the UDR is used for PCF to obtain.

[0041] In one embodiment, the AF service request further includes: UE identification information, wherein the UE identification information is used to indicate the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0042] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a service quality indication determination apparatus is provided, wherein the apparatus includes: a processing module, wherein...

[0043] The processing module is configured to determine that the data stream can be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link;

[0044] Furthermore, the processing module is configured to select the quality of service indicator corresponding to the same data stream service that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link as that transmitted using a non-satellite backhaul link for the data stream that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0045] In one embodiment, the processing module is configured to perform the following operations:

[0046] Receive AF service request, and determine, based on AF service request, that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link;

[0047] or,

[0048] Based on the pre-configured transmission intention indication, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0049] In one embodiment, determining that the data stream can be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link based on the AF service request includes:

[0050] Based on the transmission intention indication carried in the AF service request, indicating a willingness to transmit via the satellite backhaul link, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0051] or,

[0052] If the delay value carried in the AF service request is less than or equal to the transmission delay of the predetermined satellite backhaul link data stream, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0053] In one embodiment, receiving an AF service request includes:

[0054] The AF service request is received before the PDU session associated with the data stream is established.

[0055] In one embodiment, the processing module is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0056] In response to receiving a first indication message from the SMF instructing the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, a second indication message is sent to the AF instructing the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link; wherein the AF service request is returned by the AF based on the second indication message.

[0057] In one embodiment, the processing module is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0058] Obtain the AF service request from the UDR.

[0059] In one embodiment, the processing module is further configured to perform the following operation: determine the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream based on the UE identification information contained in the AF service request.

[0060] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, an information transmission apparatus is provided, wherein the apparatus includes: a transmission module, wherein...

[0061] The transmission module is configured to send an AF service request, wherein the AF service request is used for the PCF to determine that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and when it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, to select the service quality indication corresponding to the same data stream service transmitted through a non-satellite backhaul link for the data stream.

[0062] In one embodiment, the transmission module is configured to perform the following operations:

[0063] Send the AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication, wherein the transmission intention indication is used to indicate that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link;

[0064] or,

[0065] Send the AF service request carrying a delay value for the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, wherein the delay value is used by the PCF to determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0066] In one embodiment, the transmission module is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0067] In response to determining that the delay value of the data stream transmitted through the satellite backhaul link is less than or equal to a first delay threshold, the AF service request carrying the transmission intention indication is sent.

[0068] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes:

[0069] The processing module is configured to determine the latency value at which the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link based on the service requirements of the data stream.

[0070] In one embodiment, the processing module is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0071] In response to the service requirements of the data stream, it is determined that the data stream cannot be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0072] Furthermore, the transmission module is configured to send an instruction to the core network to remove the data stream.

[0073] In one embodiment, the transmission module is further configured to perform the following operations before the establishment of the PDU session associated with the data stream: determine that the data stream is transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and send the AF service request.

[0074] or,

[0075] In response to receiving a second indication message instructing the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, the AF service request is sent.

[0076] In one embodiment, the transmission module is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0077] The AF service request is stored in the UDR via NEF, wherein the transmission intention indication stored in the UDR is used for PCF to obtain.

[0078] In one embodiment, the AF service request further includes: UE identification information, wherein the UE identification information is used to indicate the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0079] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device apparatus is provided, including a processor, a memory, and an executable program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the executable program, it performs steps of the service quality indication determination method as described in the first aspect, or the information transmission method as described in any of the second aspects.

[0080] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores an executable program thereon, wherein the executable program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the service quality indication determination method as described in the first aspect, or the information transmission method as described in any of the second aspects.

[0081] This disclosure provides a service quality indicator (QoS) determination method, apparatus, communication device, and storage medium. The PCF (Process Control Function) determines that a data stream can be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link. For data streams capable of using the satellite backhaul link, it selects the QoS indicator corresponding to the same data stream service as those transmitted via a non-satellite backhaul link. Thus, when a data stream can be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link, the PCF determines the QoS indicator of the data stream using the QoS indicator for non-satellite backhaul link transmission. On one hand, this eliminates the need for the base station to distinguish whether a data stream uses a satellite backhaul link and / or to update QoS indicators such as 5G QoS Indicator (5QI) based on whether a satellite backhaul link is used, reducing the base station's load. On the other hand, when processing QoS data streams, the base station can ignore whether the data stream is transmitted via a satellite backhaul link, further reducing the base station's load. Furthermore, it eliminates the need to modify QoS indicator models such as 5QI, improving QoS indicator compatibility.

[0082] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0083] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments of the invention.

[0084] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0085] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a service quality indicator according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0086] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of sending an AF service request according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0087] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an information transmission method according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0088] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating a service quality indication determination apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0089] Figure 6 This is a block diagram illustrating an information transmission device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0090] Figure 7This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for determining service quality indication or transmitting information according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0091] Figure 8 This illustrates an AF request interaction process according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0092] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0093] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0094] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various information in embodiments of this disclosure, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0095] Please refer to Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the wireless communication system is a communication system based on cellular mobile communication technology. The wireless communication system may include: a number of terminals 11 and a number of base stations 12.

[0096] Terminal 11 can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user. Terminal 11 can communicate with one or more core networks via a Radio Access Network (RAN). Terminal 11 can be an Internet of Things (IoT) terminal, such as a sensor device, a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone), and a computer with an IoT terminal. For example, it can be a fixed, portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted device. Examples include a station (STA), subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, access point, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, or user equipment (UE). Alternatively, terminal 11 can also be a device in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Alternatively, terminal 11 can also be a vehicle-mounted device, such as a vehicle computer with wireless communication capabilities, or a wireless communication device connected to an external vehicle computer. Alternatively, terminal 11 can also be a roadside device, such as a street light, traffic light, or other roadside device with wireless communication capabilities.

[0097] Base station 12 can be a network-side device in a wireless communication system. This wireless communication system can be a fourth-generation mobile communication (4G) system, also known as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system; or it can be a 5G system, also known as a New Radio (NR) system or a 5G NR system. Alternatively, it can be a next-generation system after 5G. In this case, the access network in the 5G system can be called NG-RAN (New Generation-Radio Access Network). Alternatively, it can be an MTC system.

[0098] In this embodiment, base station 12 can be an evolved NB (eNB) used in a 4G system. Alternatively, base station 12 can also be a gNB (gNB) using a centralized-distributed architecture in a 5G system. When base station 12 adopts a centralized-distributed architecture, it typically includes a central unit (CU) and at least two distributed units (DU). The central unit is equipped with a protocol stack of Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Media Access Control (MAC) layers; the distributed units are equipped with a physical (PHY) layer protocol stack. This disclosure does not limit the specific implementation of base station 12.

[0099] Base station 12 and terminal 11 can establish a wireless connection via a wireless air interface. In different implementations, the wireless air interface is a wireless air interface based on the fourth-generation mobile communication network technology (4G) standard; or, the wireless air interface is a wireless air interface based on the fifth-generation mobile communication network technology (5G) standard, such as a new air interface; or, the wireless air interface can also be a wireless air interface based on a next-generation mobile communication network technology standard based on 5G.

[0100] In some embodiments, terminals 11 can also establish E2E (End to End) connections. Examples include V2V (vehicle to vehicle), V2I (vehicle to Infrastructure), and V2P (vehicle to pedestrian) communication scenarios in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0101] In some embodiments, the wireless communication system described above may further include a network management device 13.

[0102] Several base stations 12 are connected to network management device 13. Network management device 13 can be a core network device in a wireless communication system, such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) in an Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Alternatively, it can be other core network devices, such as a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Public Data Network Gateway (PGW), a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), or a Home Subscriber Server (HSS). The implementation of network management device 13 is not limited in this embodiment.

[0103] The execution entities involved in the embodiments of this disclosure include, but are not limited to: user equipment (UE) such as mobile phone terminals that use cellular mobile communication network technology for wireless communication, and access network equipment such as base stations.

[0104] One application scenario of this disclosure is that 5QI is a scalar used to point to a 5G QoS characteristic parameter, such as the default priority level, packet delay budget (PDB), and packet error rate, which are used to control the QoS of data stream forwarding processing.

[0105] Here, the PDB defines the upper limit of the latency between the UE and the User Plane Function (UPF) terminating the N6 interface. 5QI is set for non-satellite backhaul links; when satellite backhaul links are used, the PDB needs to take into account the additional latency of the satellite backhaul links.

[0106] For example, when the 5QI value is 9, the PDB is 300ms for terrestrial communication networks. However, for satellite backhaul links established via high orbit (GEO) satellites with a one-way delay of 270ms, the PDB is 270 + 300 = 570ms, which exceeds the PDB of 5QI = 9.

[0107] There are four ways to enable 5QI to support the satellite backhaul link:

[0108] Method 1: Define a new 5QI with PDB = 570ms.

[0109] The disadvantage of this approach is that gNB needs to support the newly defined 5QI.

[0110] Method 2: Reuse 5QI=10. The gNB needs to distinguish between using CN PDB=20ms or CN PDB=271+20=291ms. The gNB can determine whether a satellite backhaul link requiring CN PDB=291ms exists. For example, the gNB can determine the existence of a satellite backhaul link through local configuration or by using already identified non-satellite backhaul links.

[0111] The disadvantage of this method is that it requires the gNB to determine whether the link exists. A satellite backhaul link with CN PDB = 291ms is needed.

[0112] Method 3: Configure CN PDB in SMF. When using satellite backhaul link, SMF will indicate CN PDB to gNB.

[0113] The disadvantage of this approach is that when a satellite backhaul link is detected, the need to dynamically instruct the CN PDB will simultaneously affect both the SMF and gNB.

[0114] Method 4: Define two PDBs with 5QI=9. Use one for the satellite backhaul link and the other for the non-satellite backhaul link.

[0115] The disadvantage of this approach is that the new 5QI does not conform to the existing 5QI model.

[0116] Therefore, how to apply 5QI to satellite backhaul links and reduce the impact on existing 5QI models and gNBs is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0117] like Figure 2 As shown in the exemplary embodiment, this method for determining a quality of service indicator can be applied to the PCF (Positioning Function Function) in the core network, including:

[0118] Step 201: Determine if the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link;

[0119] Step 202: For the data stream that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, select the quality of service indicator corresponding to the same data stream service transmitted using a non-satellite backhaul link.

[0120] In the core network, the PCF can provide relevant policies for all mobility, UE access selection, and PDU sessions it is responsible for.

[0121] Determining that the data stream can be transmitted via satellite backhaul can include: the data stream can be transmitted via satellite backhaul, and the latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission is acceptable to the core network, etc. Here, the core network includes: the 5G core network (5GC).

[0122] Here, the PCF can determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link; or other network elements in the core network, such as the AF, can indicate to the PCF that the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link.

[0123] The satellite backhaul link is the link between the core network and the access network; therefore, the latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission is added to the CN PDB. The CN PDB represents the latency between any UPF terminating the N6 interface and the 5G-AN in a given PDB. In 5G communication, the CN PDB does not affect the behavior of the base station. Here, the base station can include gNBs, etc. The gNB can not distinguish between data streams transmitted via the satellite backhaul link and data streams transmitted via non-satellite backhaul links. Therefore, it is unnecessary to notify the gNB whether a data stream uses the satellite backhaul link.

[0124] Here, once it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted via satellite backhaul link, the PCF can determine the quality of service indicator for the data stream transmitted via satellite backhaul link.

[0125] In one embodiment, for 5G cellular mobile communication, the Quality of Service indicator may include: 5QI.

[0126] PCF can use a non-satellite transmission link quality of service (QoS) determination method to determine the QoS of data streams transmitted via satellite backhaul links. For example, the standardized 5QI defined in 3GPP TS 23.501 can be used to determine the 5QI of data streams transmitted via satellite backhaul links. In other words, PCF can use a non-satellite transmission link QoS determination strategy to determine the QoS of data streams transmitted via satellite backhaul links.

[0127] For example, if the data stream service of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link is the same as that of the data stream transmitted via the non-satellite backhaul link, then the quality of service indicators of the two data streams can be the same, and the quality of service indicator corresponding to the data stream transmitted via the non-satellite backhaul link can be adopted.

[0128] The latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission will be added to the CN PDB and will not affect the gNB's behavior on the data stream. When the core network, such as 5GC, can receive the latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission, the PCF can use the service quality indication determination method for data streams based on satellite backhaul transmission to determine the service quality indication of the data streams based on satellite backhaul transmission.

[0129] Thus, when data streams can be transmitted via satellite backhaul links, the PCF determines the QoS indicator for the data stream using the QoS indicator for non-satellite backhaul link transmission. On one hand, this eliminates the need for the base station to distinguish whether a data stream uses a satellite backhaul link and / or to update QoS indicators such as 5QI based on whether a satellite backhaul link is used, reducing the base station's load. On the other hand, the base station can ignore whether the data stream is transmitted via a satellite backhaul link when processing QoS data streams, further reducing base station load. Furthermore, there is no need to modify the QoS indicator model for 5QI and other services, improving QoS indicator compatibility.

[0130] In one embodiment, determining the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link, including:

[0131] Receive AF service request, and determine, based on AF service request, that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link;

[0132] or,

[0133] Based on the pre-configured transmission intention indication, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0134] Here, the AF (Airframe Request) is used to interconnect with the core network to provide services to users. The AF can instruct data streams to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link through AF service requests.

[0135] PCF can determine, based on AF service requests, that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0136] The AF service request can carry indication information, directly indicating that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link. The AF service request can also carry parameters for the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, such as the latency value of the satellite backhaul link, so that the PCF can determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0137] PCF determines that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, and then determines the quality of service (QoS) indicator for the data stream.

[0138] For example, the PCF may employ a non-satellite transmission link quality of service indication determination strategy to determine the quality of service indication of data streams transmitted based on satellite backhaul links.

[0139] The transmission intention indicator can instruct the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. The transmission intention indicator can be pre-configured in the PCF.

[0140] For example, the transmission intention indicator can be pre-configured in the PCF's Service Level Agreement (SLA). The SLA is an agreement between the operator and the service provider. The operator and service provider can determine the processing method for data streams transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. For example, if the latency of satellite backhaul transmission is acceptable, the transmission intention indicator can be set in the SLA. Based on the transmission intention indicator in the SLA, the PCF determines a strategy according to the service quality indicator of the non-satellite transmission link, and determines the service quality indicator for the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, such as using the 5QI mode of related technologies to determine the 5QI of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link.

[0141] In one embodiment, determining that the data stream can be transmitted via a satellite backhaul link based on the AF service request includes:

[0142] Based on the transmission intention indication carried in the AF service request, indicating a willingness to transmit via the satellite backhaul link, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0143] or,

[0144] If the delay value carried in the AF service request is less than or equal to the transmission delay of the predetermined satellite backhaul link data stream, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0145] The transmission intention indication can instruct the data stream to use the satellite backhaul link for transmission. The AF can set the transmission intention indication in its service request to instruct the PCF to use the satellite backhaul link for data stream transmission. In this case, the PCF no longer determines whether the data stream can use the satellite backhaul link for transmission, but directly determines the service quality indication of the data stream based on the service quality indication of the non-satellite transmission link.

[0146] The AF (Agent Flight Request) can also include a latency value for data stream transmission using the satellite backhaul link in its service request. The PCF (Programmable Component Function) determines whether the data stream will use the satellite backhaul link. The PCF can compare this latency value with the transmission latency of a data stream transmitted via a predetermined satellite backhaul link. If the latency value is less than or equal to the transmission latency of the data stream transmitted via the predetermined satellite backhaul link, it determines whether the data stream will use the satellite backhaul link. Then, based on the service quality indicator (SMI) of the non-satellite transmission link, it determines the SMI for the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. Here, the transmission latency of the data stream transmitted via the predetermined satellite backhaul link could be 1100ms, etc.

[0147] In one embodiment, if the data stream carried in the AF service request uses a delay value for transmission via the satellite backhaul link that is greater than the predetermined transmission delay of the data stream via the satellite backhaul link, the PCF may not determine 5QI for the data stream.

[0148] In one embodiment, the AF, in response to determining that the delay value of the data stream transmitted through the satellite backhaul link is less than or equal to a first delay threshold, sends the AF service request carrying the transmission intention indication.

[0149] Here, the AF can determine whether the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. Before sending a service request to the PCF, the AF can compare the latency value with a first latency threshold. The first latency threshold can be the latency value that the AF can tolerate for satellite backhaul link transmission.

[0150] If the delay value is less than or equal to the first delay threshold, the AF can consider the delay value acceptable and can directly carry the transmission intention indication in the PCF, instructing the PCF to determine the quality of service indication.

[0151] In one embodiment, the AF determines the latency value at which the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link based on the service requirements of the data stream.

[0152] The AF can determine the latency value for data stream transmission via satellite backhaul link based on the service requirements of the data stream. This latency value is then sent to the PCF, which further determines whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0153] In one embodiment, before sending a service request to the PCF, the AF can compare the latency value of the data stream's service demand with a second latency threshold. The second latency threshold can be the maximum latency value that the AF can withstand for satellite backhaul link transmission.

[0154] If the delay value is less than or equal to the second delay threshold, the AF can consider the delay value acceptable and can directly indicate the transmission intention.

[0155] In one embodiment, the AF, in response to determining that the data stream cannot be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link based on the service requirements of the data stream, sends an instruction to the core network to remove the data stream.

[0156] Data streams that cannot be transmitted via satellite backhaul links may include those whose latency during transmission via satellite backhaul links exceeds the maximum latency that the AF can tolerate.

[0157] For example, if the delay value is greater than the second delay threshold, the AF can consider the delay value unacceptable and instruct the core network to remove the data stream from the QoS stream.

[0158] In one embodiment, receiving the AF service request includes:

[0159] Obtain the AF service request from the UDR.

[0160] The specific steps for AF to transmit AF service requests to UDR via NEF and for NCF to obtain AF service requests are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0161] Step 300: UDER for PCF subscription service specific parameters

[0162] Step 301: AF generates an AF service request, including:

[0163] A. Service Description

[0164] A service description is information used to identify a service for which service parameters have been applied. The service description in an AF service request can be represented by a combination of DNN, S-NSSAI, AF service identifier, and / or application identifier.

[0165] B. Service Parameters: Indication of the willingness to transmit data streams via satellite backhaul link.

[0166] C. Target UE or UE group

[0167] The target UE or UE group is the UE to which the service parameters will be sent. Individual UEs can be identified by GPSI, IP address / prefix, or MAC address. UE groups can be identified by an external group identifier. If no identifier for the target UE or UE group is provided, the service parameters identified by the service description should be passed to all UEs.

[0168] Step 302: AF sends the AF service request to NEF.

[0169] Step 303: NEF grants a service request and sends the AF service request to the UDR. The UDR stores storage parameters, that is, indicates the target UE or UE group's willingness to transmit data streams through the service's satellite backhaul link.

[0170] Step 304: NEF responds to AF.

[0171] Step 305: The UDR notifies the PCF of the service parameter update, indicating its willingness to transmit data streams via the satellite backhaul link.

[0172] When the PCF is notified of the satellite backhaul link for the application data stream, and if a transmission intention indication for transmitting the data stream via the satellite backhaul link is set, the PCF uses the 5QI strategy for application and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting the data stream via the satellite backhaul link.

[0173] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0174] Based on the UE identification information included in the AF service request, determine the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0175] As shown in step 301, the AF service request may include UE identification information. UE identification information may include: a GPSI, IP address / prefix, or MAC address used to identify the UE, etc. UE identification information may also include: an external group identifier used to identify the UE group, etc.

[0176] PCF can determine the UE and / or UE group associated with the data flow based on UE identification information. Here, the UE and / or UE group associated with the data flow may include, but is not limited to, the UE and / or UE group that are interacting with the data flow.

[0177] The actions that PCF can take for different UEs and / or UE groups may include, but are not limited to, setting different transmission delays for the predetermined satellite backhaul link data streams for different UEs and / or UE groups.

[0178] In one embodiment, receiving an AF service request includes:

[0179] The AF service request is received before the PDU session associated with the data stream is established.

[0180] AF can send an AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication before the data stream is transmitted.

[0181] For example, the AF can receive the latency value of any satellite backhaul link, therefore, the AF can receive any data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. The AF can indicate this to the PCF before the establishment of a PDU session for a data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. After receiving the AF service request, the PCF determines the 5QI of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link for subsequent data streams using the 5QI strategy applicable to both satellite and non-satellite backhaul links.

[0182] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0183] In response to receiving a first indication message from the SMF instructing the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, a second indication message is sent to the AF instructing the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link; wherein the AF service request is returned by the AF based on the second indication message.

[0184] The SMF can send a first instruction to the PCF, instructing it to transmit the data stream via the satellite backhaul link. When the PCF receives notification of data stream transmission via the satellite backhaul link, it can then notify the AF to transmit the application data stream via the satellite backhaul link via a second instruction. The PCF can notify the AF to transmit the data stream via the satellite backhaul link based on existing solutions. The data stream may include service data streams (SDF, Service Data Flow), etc.

[0185] The AF can update its latency requirement, i.e., latency value, for the data stream in the AF service request. When the latency requirement for the data stream in the AF service request is less than or equal to the pretransmission latency applicable to the satellite backhaul link (e.g., 1100ms), the PCF uses the 5QI strategy applied to both the satellite and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting the data stream through the satellite backhaul link.

[0186] The AF can also include a transmission intention indication in its service request, indicating its willingness to transmit data streams via satellite backhaul links. The transmission intention indication can be the latency value at which the AF can receive any satellite backhaul link from the PCF surface. If this transmission intention indication is received, the PCF uses a 5QI strategy applicable to both satellite and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting data streams via satellite backhaul links.

[0187] like Figure 4 As shown, this exemplary embodiment provides a method for determining a quality of service indication. The information transmission method can be applied to the AF (Automatic Service) of the core network, including:

[0188] Step 401: Send AF service request, wherein the AF service request is used for the PCF to determine that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and when it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, to select the service quality indication corresponding to the same data stream service transmitted through a non-satellite backhaul link for the data stream.

[0189] In the core network, the PCF can provide relevant policies for all mobility, UE access selection, and PDU sessions it is responsible for.

[0190] Determining that the data stream can be transmitted via satellite backhaul link can include: the data stream can be transmitted via satellite backhaul link, and the latency caused by satellite backhaul link transmission can be accepted by the core network, etc. Here, the core network includes: 5G core network (5GC).

[0191] Here, the PCF can determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link; or other network elements in the core network, such as the AF, can indicate to the PCF that the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link.

[0192] The satellite backhaul link is the link between the core network and the access network; therefore, the latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission is added to the CN PDB. The CN PDB represents the latency between any UPF terminating the N6 interface and the 5G-AN in a given PDB. In 5G communication, the CN PDB does not affect the behavior of the base station. Here, the base station can include gNBs, etc. The gNB can not distinguish between data streams transmitted via the satellite backhaul link and data streams transmitted via non-satellite backhaul links. Therefore, it is unnecessary to notify the gNB whether a data stream uses the satellite backhaul link.

[0193] Here, once the PCF determines that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, the PCF can determine the quality of service (QoS) indicator for the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link.

[0194] In one embodiment, for 5G cellular mobile communication, the Quality of Service indicator may include: 5QI.

[0195] PCF can use a non-satellite transmission link quality of service (QoS) determination method to determine the QoS of data streams transmitted via satellite backhaul links. For example, the standardized 5QI defined in 3GPP TS 23.501 can be used to determine the 5QI of data streams transmitted via satellite backhaul links. In other words, PCF can use a non-satellite transmission link QoS determination strategy to determine the QoS of data streams transmitted via satellite backhaul links.

[0196] For example, if the data stream service of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link is the same as that of the data stream transmitted via the non-satellite backhaul link, then the quality of service indicators of the two data streams can be the same, and the quality of service indicator corresponding to the data stream transmitted via the non-satellite backhaul link can be adopted.

[0197] The latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission will be added to the CN PDB and will not affect the gNB's behavior on the data stream. When the core network, such as 5GC, can receive the latency caused by satellite backhaul transmission, the PCF can use the service quality indication determination method for data streams based on satellite backhaul transmission to determine the service quality indication of the data streams based on satellite backhaul transmission.

[0198] Thus, when data streams can be transmitted via satellite backhaul links, the PCF determines the QoS indicator for data streams using non-satellite backhaul link transmission. On one hand, this eliminates the need for base stations to distinguish whether data streams use satellite backhaul links and / or to update QoS indicators such as 5QI based on whether satellite backhaul links are used, reducing the base station's load. On the other hand, base stations can ignore whether data streams are transmitted via satellite backhaul links when processing QoS data streams, further reducing base station load. Furthermore, there is no need to modify the 5QI and other QoS indicator models, improving QoS indicator compatibility.

[0199] Here, the AF (Airframe Request) is used to interconnect with the core network to provide services to users. The AF can instruct data streams to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link through AF service requests.

[0200] PCF can determine, based on AF service requests, that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0201] The AF service request can carry indication information, directly indicating that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link. The AF service request can also carry parameters for the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, such as the latency value of the satellite backhaul link, so that the PCF can determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0202] PCF determines that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, and then determines the quality of service (QoS) indicator for the data stream.

[0203] For example, the PCF may employ a non-satellite transmission link quality of service indication determination strategy to determine the quality of service indication of data streams transmitted based on satellite backhaul links.

[0204] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request includes: sending the AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication, wherein the transmission intention indication is used to indicate that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link;

[0205] or,

[0206] Send the AF service request carrying a delay value for the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, wherein the delay value is used by the PCF to determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0207] The transmission intention indication can instruct the data stream to use the satellite backhaul link for transmission. The AF can set the transmission intention indication in its service request to instruct the PCF to use the satellite backhaul link for data stream transmission. In this case, the PCF no longer determines whether the data stream can use the satellite backhaul link for transmission, but directly determines the service quality indication of the data stream based on the service quality indication of the non-satellite transmission link.

[0208] The AF (Agent Flight Request) can also include a latency value for data stream transmission using the satellite backhaul link in its service request. The PCF (Programmable Component Function) determines whether the data stream will use the satellite backhaul link. The PCF can compare this latency value with the transmission latency of a data stream transmitted via a predetermined satellite backhaul link. If the latency value is less than or equal to the transmission latency of the data stream transmitted via the predetermined satellite backhaul link, it determines whether the data stream will use the satellite backhaul link. Then, based on the service quality indicator (SMI) of the non-satellite transmission link, it determines the SMI for the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. Here, the transmission latency of the data stream transmitted via the predetermined satellite backhaul link could be 1100ms, etc.

[0209] In one embodiment, if the data stream carried in the AF service request uses a delay value for transmission via the satellite backhaul link that is greater than the predetermined transmission delay of the data stream via the satellite backhaul link, the PCF may not determine 5QI for the data stream.

[0210] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication includes:

[0211] In response to determining that the delay value of the data stream transmitted through the satellite backhaul link is less than or equal to a first delay threshold, the AF service request carrying the transmission intention indication is sent.

[0212] Here, the AF can determine whether the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. Before sending a service request to the PCF, the AF can compare the latency value with a first latency threshold. The first latency threshold can be the latency value that the AF can tolerate for satellite backhaul link transmission.

[0213] If the delay value is less than or equal to the first delay threshold, the AF can consider the delay value acceptable and can directly carry the transmission intention indication in the PCF, instructing the PCF to determine the quality of service indication.

[0214] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request carrying the delay value of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link includes:

[0215] Based on the service requirements of the data stream, determine the latency value at which the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link.

[0216] The AF can determine the latency value for data stream transmission via satellite backhaul link based on the service requirements of the data stream. This latency value is then sent to the PCF, which further determines whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0217] In one embodiment, before sending a service request to the PCF, the AF can compare the latency value of the data stream's service demand with a second latency threshold. The second latency threshold can be the maximum latency value that the AF can withstand for satellite backhaul link transmission.

[0218] If the delay value is less than or equal to the second delay threshold, the AF can consider the delay value acceptable and can directly indicate the transmission intention.

[0219] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0220] In response to the service requirements of the data stream, it is determined that the data stream cannot be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0221] Send an instruction to the core network to remove the data stream.

[0222] Data streams that cannot be transmitted via satellite backhaul links may include those whose latency during transmission via satellite backhaul links exceeds the maximum latency that the AF can tolerate.

[0223] For example, if the delay value is greater than the second delay threshold, the AF can consider the delay value unacceptable and instruct the core network to remove the data stream from the QoS stream.

[0224] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request includes:

[0225] The AF service request is stored in the UDR via NEF, wherein the transmission intention indication stored in the UDR is used for PCF to obtain.

[0226] The specific steps for AF to transmit AF service requests to UDR via NEF and for NCF to obtain AF service requests are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0227] Step 300: UDER for PCF subscription service specific parameters

[0228] Step 301: AF generates an AF service request, including:

[0229] A. Service Description

[0230] A service description is information used to identify a service for which service parameters have been applied. The service description in an AF service request can be represented by a combination of DNN, S-NSSAI, AF service identifier, and / or application identifier.

[0231] B. Service Parameters: Indication of the willingness to transmit data streams via satellite backhaul link.

[0232] C. Target UE or UE group

[0233] The target UE or UE group is the UE to which the service parameters will be sent. Individual UEs can be identified by GPSI, IP address / prefix, or MAC address. UE groups can be identified by an external group identifier. If no identifier for the target UE or UE group is provided, the service parameters identified by the service description should be passed to all UEs.

[0234] Step 302: AF sends the AF service request to NEF.

[0235] Step 303: NEF grants a service request and sends the AF service request to the UDR. The UDR stores storage parameters, that is, indicates the target UE or UE group's willingness to transmit data streams through the service's satellite backhaul link.

[0236] Step 304: NEF responds to AF.

[0237] Step 305: The UDR notifies the PCF of the service parameter update, indicating its willingness to transmit data streams via the satellite backhaul link.

[0238] When the PCF is notified of the satellite backhaul link for the application data stream, and if a transmission intention indication for transmitting the data stream via the satellite backhaul link is set, the PCF uses the 5QI strategy for application and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting the data stream via the satellite backhaul link.

[0239] In one embodiment, the AF service request further includes: UE identification information, wherein the UE identification information is used to indicate the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0240] As shown in step 301, the AF service request may include UE identification information. UE identification information may include: a GPSI, IP address / prefix, or MAC address used to identify the UE, etc. UE identification information may also include: an external group identifier used to identify the UE group, etc.

[0241] PCF can determine the UE and / or UE group associated with the data flow based on UE identification information. Here, the UE and / or UE group associated with the data flow may include, but is not limited to, the UE and / or UE group that are interacting with the data flow.

[0242] The actions that PCF can take for different UEs and / or UE groups may include, but are not limited to, setting different transmission delays for the predetermined satellite backhaul link data streams for different UEs and / or UE groups.

[0243] In one embodiment, sending the AF service request includes:

[0244] Before the PDU session associated with the data stream is established, it is determined that the data stream is transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and the AF service request is sent.

[0245] or,

[0246] In response to receiving a second indication message instructing the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, the AF service request is sent.

[0247] AF can send an AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication before the data stream is transmitted.

[0248] For example, the AF can receive the latency value of any satellite backhaul link, therefore, the AF can receive any data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. The AF can indicate this to the PCF before the establishment of a PDU session for a data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link. After receiving the AF service request, the PCF determines the 5QI of the data stream transmitted via the satellite backhaul link for subsequent data streams using the 5QI strategy applicable to both satellite and non-satellite backhaul links.

[0249] The SMF can send a first instruction to the PCF, instructing it to transmit the data stream via the satellite backhaul link. When the PCF receives notification of data stream transmission via the satellite backhaul link, it can then notify the AF to transmit the application data stream via the satellite backhaul link via a second instruction. The PCF can notify the AF to transmit the data stream via the satellite backhaul link based on existing solutions. The data stream may include service data streams (SDF, Service Data Flow), etc.

[0250] The AF can update its latency requirement, i.e., latency value, for the data stream in the AF service request. When the latency requirement for the data stream in the AF service request is less than or equal to the pretransmission latency applicable to the satellite backhaul link (e.g., 1100ms), the PCF uses the 5QI strategy applied to both the satellite and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting the data stream through the satellite backhaul link.

[0251] The AF can also include a transmission intention indication in its service request, indicating its willingness to transmit data streams via satellite backhaul links. The transmission intention indication can be the latency value at which the AF can receive any satellite backhaul link from the PCF surface. If this transmission intention indication is received, the PCF uses a 5QI strategy applicable to both satellite and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting data streams via satellite backhaul links.

[0252] The following provides a specific example in conjunction with any of the above embodiments:

[0253] In related technologies, the AF will be notified when a satellite backhaul link exists.

[0254] When the AF receives a notification that a satellite backhaul link exists, the AF can execute the following plan:

[0255] Option 1: If the latency of an ongoing data stream caused by the satellite backhaul link is unacceptable, the AF can request the 5G core network to cancel the ongoing data stream, and the 5G core network will remove the data stream from the QoS stream.

[0256] Option 2: If the latency caused by the satellite backhaul link is acceptable, AF can update the latency of the data stream.

[0257] Option 3: Does not affect the behavior of 5GC.

[0258] It should be noted that the above three solutions are parallel solutions; they can be implemented individually or supported in combination.

[0259] Option 1: Before data stream transmission, AF indicates to 5GC the intention to transmit via satellite backhaul link.

[0260] Option 2: In the AF service request, the AF indicates to the 5GC its willingness to transmit via the satellite backhaul link.

[0261] Detailed explanation of option 1:

[0262] The AF can provide the UDR with a transmission intention indication via the NEF (Network Provider), or the transmission intention indication via the satellite backhaul link can be indicated through a Service Level Agreement (SLA). Here, the SLA is an agreement between the operator and the service provider, and the SLA can be pre-configured in the PCF (Network Provider Function).

[0263] The specific steps by which the AF provides the UDR with the transmission intention indication via the satellite backhaul link through the NEF are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0264] Step 300: UDE of PCF subscription service specific parameters

[0265] Step 301: AF generates an AF service request, including:

[0266] A. Service Description

[0267] A service description is information used to identify a service for which service parameters have been applied. The service description in an AF service request can be represented by a combination of DNN, S-NSSAI, AF service identifier, and / or application identifier.

[0268] B. Service Parameters: Indication of the willingness to transmit data streams via satellite backhaul link.

[0269] C. Target UE or UE group

[0270] The target UE or UE group is the UE to which the service parameters will be sent. Individual UEs can be identified by GPSI, IP address / prefix, or MAC address. UE groups can be identified by an external group identifier. If no identifier for the target UE or UE group is provided, the service parameters identified by the service description should be passed to all UEs.

[0271] Step 302: AF sends the AF service request to NEF.

[0272] Step 303: NEF grants a service request and sends the AF service request to the UDR. The UDR stores storage parameters, that is, indicates the target UE or UE group's willingness to transmit data streams through the service's satellite backhaul link.

[0273] Step 304: NEF responds to AF.

[0274] Step 305: The UDR notifies the PCF of the service parameter update, indicating its willingness to transmit data streams via the satellite backhaul link.

[0275] When the PCF is notified of the satellite backhaul link for the application data stream, and if an indication of intent to transmit the data stream via the satellite backhaul link is set, the PCF uses the 5QI strategy for application and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting the data stream via the satellite backhaul link.

[0276] Detailed explanation of option 2:

[0277] When the PCF receives an application data stream or SDF notification transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, the PCF will notify the AF based on existing solutions.

[0278] The AF can update its latency requirement for the data stream in the AF service request. When the latency requirement for the data stream in the AF request is less than a predetermined value applicable to satellite backhaul links (e.g., 1100ms), the PCF uses the 5QI strategy applied to both satellite and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting the data stream via the satellite backhaul link.

[0279] Alternatively, the AF may indicate its intention to transmit data streams via satellite backhaul links in the AF request. If such indication is received, the PCF uses the 5QI strategy applicable to both satellite and non-satellite backhaul links to determine the 5QI for transmitting data streams via satellite backhaul links.

[0280] This invention also provides a service quality indication determination device, applied in the PCF of the core network, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the service quality indication determination device 100 includes: a processing module 110, wherein,

[0281] The processing module 110 is configured to determine that the data stream can be transmitted using a satellite backhaul link;

[0282] Furthermore, the selection module 120 is configured to select the quality of service indicator corresponding to the same data stream service that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link as that transmitted using a non-satellite backhaul link for the data stream that can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0283] In one embodiment, the processing module 110 is configured to perform the following operations:

[0284] In order to receive AF service requests and, based on AF service requests, determine that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link;

[0285] or,

[0286] To determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link based on the pre-configured transmission intention indication.

[0287] In one embodiment, determining that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link based on the AF service request includes:

[0288] Based on the transmission intention indication carried in the AF service request, indicating a willingness to transmit via the satellite backhaul link, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0289] or,

[0290] If the delay value carried in the AF service request is less than or equal to the transmission delay of the predetermined satellite backhaul link data stream, it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0291] In one embodiment, receiving an AF service request includes:

[0292] The AF service request is received before the PDU session associated with the data stream is established.

[0293] In one embodiment, the processing module 110 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0294] In response to receiving a first indication message from the SMF instructing the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, a second indication message is sent to the AF instructing the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link; wherein the AF service request is returned by the AF based on the second indication message.

[0295] In one embodiment, the processing module 110 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0296] Obtain the AF service request from the UDR.

[0297] In one embodiment, the processing module 110 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0298] Based on the UE identification information included in the AF service request, determine the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0299] This invention also provides an information transmission device applied in the AF of the core network, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the information transmission device 200 includes: a transmission module 210, wherein,

[0300] The transmission module 210 is configured to send an AF service request, wherein the AF service request is used for the PCF to determine that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and when it is determined that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, to select the service quality indication corresponding to the same data stream service transmitted through a non-satellite backhaul link for the data stream.

[0301] In one embodiment, the transmission module 210 is configured to perform the following operations:

[0302] Send the AF service request carrying a transmission intention indication, wherein the transmission intention indication is used to indicate that the data stream can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link;

[0303] or,

[0304] Send the AF service request carrying a delay value for the data stream to be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link, wherein the delay value is used by the PCF to determine whether the data stream can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

[0305] In one embodiment, the transmission module 210 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0306] In response to determining that the delay value of the data stream transmitted through the satellite backhaul link is less than or equal to a first delay threshold, the AF service request carrying the transmission intention indication is sent.

[0307] In one embodiment, the device 200 further includes:

[0308] The processing module 220 is configured to determine the delay value at which the data stream can be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link based on the service requirements of the data stream.

[0309] In one embodiment, the processing module 220 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0310] In response to the service requirements of the data stream, it is determined that the data stream cannot be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link;

[0311] Furthermore, the transmission module 210 is also configured to send an instruction to the core network to remove the data stream.

[0312] In one embodiment, the transmission module 210 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0313] Before the PDU session associated with the data stream is established, it is determined that the data stream is transmitted through the satellite backhaul link, and the AF service request is sent.

[0314] or,

[0315] In response to receiving a second indication message instructing the data stream to be transmitted via the satellite backhaul link, the AF service request is sent.

[0316] In one embodiment, the transmission module 210 is further configured to perform the following operations:

[0317] The AF service request is stored in the UDR via NEF, wherein the transmission intention indication stored in the UDR is used for PCF to obtain.

[0318] In one embodiment, the AF service request further includes: UE identification information, wherein the UE identification information is used to indicate the UE and / or UE group associated with the data stream.

[0319] In an exemplary embodiment, the processing module 110, the transmission module 210, and the processing module 220 may be implemented by one or more central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), baseband processors (BPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general-purpose processors, controllers, microcontrollers (MCUs), microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the aforementioned method.

[0320] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 3000 for determining quality of service indication or transmitting information according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, apparatus 3000 may be a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, game console, tablet device, medical device, fitness equipment, personal digital assistant, etc.

[0321] Reference Figure 7 The device 3000 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 3002, memory 3004, power supply component 3006, multimedia component 3008, audio component 3010, input / output (I / O) interface 3012, sensor component 3014, and communication component 3016.

[0322] Processing component 3002 typically controls the overall operation of device 3000, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communication, camera operation, and recording operations. Processing component 3002 may include one or more processors 3020 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 3002 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 3002 and other components. For example, processing component 3002 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 3008 and processing component 3002.

[0323] Memory 3004 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of device 3000. Examples of this data include instructions for any application or method operating on device 3000, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, etc. Memory 3004 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0324] Power supply component 3006 provides power to various components of device 3000. Power supply component 3006 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to device 3000.

[0325] Multimedia component 3008 includes a screen that provides an output interface between device 3000 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of touch or swipe actions but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 3008 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When device 3000 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front-facing camera and / or rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0326] Audio component 3010 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 3010 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when device 3000 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 3004 or transmitted via communication component 3016. In some embodiments, audio component 3010 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0327] I / O interface 3012 provides an interface between processing component 3002 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.

[0328] Sensor assembly 3014 includes one or more sensors for providing state assessment of various aspects of device 3000. For example, sensor assembly 3014 may detect the on / off state of device 3000, the relative positioning of components, such as the display and keypad of device 3000, changes in position of device 3000 or a component of device 3000, the presence or absence of user contact with device 3000, orientation or acceleration / deceleration of device 3000, and temperature changes of device 3000. Sensor assembly 3014 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 3014 may also include an optical sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 3014 may also include an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, pressure sensor, or temperature sensor.

[0329] Communication component 3016 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between device 3000 and other devices. Device 3000 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as Wi-Fi, 2G, or 3G, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 3016 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 3016 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[0330] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 3000 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the methods described above.

[0331] In some possible implementations, the technical solution of this disclosure embodiment can be:

[0332] Based on existing solutions, satellite backhaul can be notified to the AF.

[0333] Upon receiving a satellite return notification, AF can:

[0334] Option 1: If the delay caused by satellite backhaul is unacceptable, request 5GC to cancel the ongoing service, and 5GC will remove the service from the QoS flow based on the existing solution.

[0335] Option 2: If the latency caused by satellite backhaul can be tolerated, update the latency requirement to 5GC with the new value.

[0336] Option 3: Does not affect 5GC behavior.

[0337] It should be noted that the above three solutions are parallel solutions; they can be implemented individually or supported in combination.

[0338] In this embodiment of the disclosure, scheme 2 may include:

[0339] - Option 1: AF indicates to 5GC its willingness to transmit via satellite backhaul before the commencement of service.

[0340] - Option 2: AF indicates to 5GC its willingness to transmit via satellite backhaul in the AF service request.

[0341] It should be noted that the two options above are parallel solutions; they can be implemented individually or supported in combination.

[0342] Option 1 includes: AF is either willing to transmit via satellite backhaul to UDR through NEF (see the explanation below for details), or it is specified in the SLA (Service Level Agreement) between the service provider and the PLMN mobile operator, and the SLA can be pre-configured in PCF.

[0343] like Figure 8 As shown, option 1 may include:

[0344] 0. UDR for PCF subscription service specific parameters

[0345] 1. AF creation request, including

[0346] 1) Service Description: The service description is information used to identify the service for which service parameters are applied. The service description in an AF request can be represented by a combination of DNN and S-NSSAI, AF service identifier, or application identifier.

[0347] 2) Service parameters: Indicates the willingness to transmit traffic via satellite backhaul.

[0348] 3) Target UE or a group of UEs.

[0349] The target UE or group of UEs indicates the UEs to which the service parameters will be delivered. Individual UEs can be identified by GPSI, IP address / prefix, or MAC address. Groups of UEs can be identified by external group identifiers. If no identifier for the target UE or group of UEs is provided, the service parameters should be delivered to any UE using the service description.

[0350] 2. The AF request is sent to NEF.

[0351] 3. The NEF authorizes a service request and sends the request to the UDR, which stores service parameters, indicating the willingness of the target UE or a group of UEs to transmit satellite backhaul services through the service.

[0352] 4. NEF response AF.

[0353] 5. The UDR notifies the PCF of the update of service parameters, that is, the intention to transmit traffic via satellite backhaul.

[0354] When the PCF is notified of satellite backhaul for application traffic or SDF, and if an indication of intent to transmit traffic via satellite backhaul is set, the PCF will determine the 5QI for non-satellite backhaul for the same service.

[0355] Option 2 may include: When the PCF receives application traffic or SDF notifications for satellite backhaul, it will notify the AF based on existing solutions. The AF may update its latency requirements for the service in the AF request. When the latency requirement for the service in the AF request is less than a predetermined value applicable to satellite backhaul (i.e., 1100ms), the PCF determines 5QI for non-satellite backhaul of the same service. Optionally, the AF may indicate its intention to transmit services via satellite backhaul in the AF request. If the indication is received, the PCF determines 5QI for non-satellite backhaul of the same service.

[0356] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 3004 including instructions, which can be executed by a processor 3020 of the device 3000 to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc.

[0357] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the embodiments of the invention that follow the general principles of the embodiments of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed in this disclosure. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the embodiments of the invention are indicated by the following claims.

[0358] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from their scope. The scope of the embodiments of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of determining a quality of service indication, wherein, The method is performed by a policy control function (PCF), and the method comprises: determining that a data flow can be transmitted by a satellite backhaul link; for the data flow that can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link, selecting a quality of service indication corresponding to a same data flow service as non-satellite backhaul link transmission; wherein the determining that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link comprises: receiving an application function (AF) service request, and determining that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to the AF service request; or determining that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to a preconfigured transmission willingness indication; wherein the determining that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to the AF service request comprises: determining that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to a transmission willingness indication carried by the AF service request, the transmission willingness indication indicating a willingness to transmit by the satellite backhaul link; or determining that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to a delay value carried by the AF service request, the delay value being less than or equal to a predetermined transmission delay of the data flow transmitted by the satellite backhaul link.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The receiving the AF service request comprises: receiving the AF service request before a protocol data unit (PDU) session associated with the data flow is established.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: in response to receiving first indication information sent by a session management function (SMF) and indicating that the data flow is transmitted by the satellite backhaul link, sending second indication information to an AF, the second indication information indicating that the data flow is transmitted by the satellite backhaul link; wherein the AF service request is returned by the AF based on the second indication information.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The receiving the AF service request comprises: obtaining the AF service request from a unified data repository (UDR).

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The method further comprises: determining a user equipment (UE) and / or a UE group associated with the data flow according to UE identification information contained in the AF service request.

6. An information transmission method, wherein, The method is performed by an application function (AF), and the method comprises: sending an AF service request, wherein the AF service request is used for a policy control function (PCF) to determine that a data flow can be transmitted by a satellite backhaul link, and to select a quality of service indication corresponding to a same data flow service as non-satellite backhaul link transmission for the data flow when it is determined that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link; wherein the sending the AF service request comprises: sending the AF service request carrying a transmission willingness indication, wherein the transmission willingness indication is used to indicate that the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link; or sending the AF service request carrying a delay value of the data flow transmitted by the satellite backhaul link, wherein the delay value is used for the PCF to determine whether the data flow can be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The sending the AF service request carrying the transmission willingness indication comprises: in response to determining that a delay value of the data flow transmitted by the satellite backhaul link is less than or equal to a first delay threshold, sending the AF service request carrying the transmission willingness indication.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein, The sending the AF service request carrying the delay value of the data stream transmitted by using the satellite backhaul link comprises: According to the requirement of the service of the data stream, determining the delay value of the data stream capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein, The method further comprises: In response to determining that the data stream is not capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to the requirement of the service of the data stream; Sending indication information indicating to remove the data stream to the core network.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein, The sending the AF service request comprises: Before the establishment of a protocol data unit (PDU) session associated with the data stream, determining that the data stream is transmitted by the satellite backhaul link, and sending the AF service request; Or, In response to receiving second indication information indicating that the data stream is transmitted by the satellite backhaul link, sending the AF service request.

11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein, The sending the AF service request comprises: Storing the AF service request to a unified data storage (UDR) by a network exposure function (NEF), wherein the transmission willingness indication stored to the UDR is used for being acquired by a policy control function (PCF).

12. The method of claim 11, wherein The AF service request further comprises user equipment (UE) identification information, wherein the UE identification information is used to indicate a UE and / or a UE group associated with the data stream.

13. A quality of service indication determination apparatus, wherein, The apparatus comprises a processing module; wherein The processing module is configured to determine that a data stream is capable of being transmitted by a satellite backhaul link; And the processing module is further configured to, for the data stream capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link, select a quality of service indication corresponding to the same data stream service as that of a non-satellite backhaul link transmission; The processing module is further configured to: receive an application function (AF) service request, and determine that the data stream is capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to the AF service request; or determine that the data stream is capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to a preconfigured transmission willingness indication. The processing module is further configured to: determine that a data stream is capable of being transmitted by a satellite backhaul link according to a transmission willingness indication carried by the AF service request and indicating a willingness to be transmitted by the satellite backhaul link; or determine that the data stream is capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link according to a delay value carried by the AF service request and less than or equal to a predetermined transmission delay of a data stream transmitted by the satellite backhaul link.

14. An information transmission apparatus, wherein, The apparatus comprises a transmission module, wherein The transmission module is configured to send an AF service request, wherein the AF service request is used for a policy control function (PCF) to determine that a data stream is capable of being transmitted by a satellite backhaul link, and to select a quality of service indication corresponding to the same data stream service as that of a non-satellite backhaul link transmission for the data stream when it is determined that the data stream is capable of being transmitted by the satellite backhaul link. The transmission module is further configured to: transmit the AF service request carrying a transmission willingness indication, wherein the transmission willingness indication is used to indicate that the data flow can be transmitted through the satellite backhaul link; or transmit the AF service request carrying a delay value of the data flow using the satellite backhaul link transmission, wherein the delay value is used for the PCF to determine whether the data flow can be transmitted using the satellite backhaul link.

15. A communication device apparatus comprising a processor, a memory, and an executable program stored on the memory and executable by the processor, wherein, The processor executes the executable program to perform the steps of the service quality indication determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the information transmission method according to any one of claims 6 to 12.

16. A storage medium having stored thereon an executable program, wherein, The executable program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the service quality indication determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the information transmission method according to any one of claims 6 to 12.

Images