Multidimensional movement multifunctional tunnel model test device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-functional tunnel model test device of multidimensional motion, including outer frame, inner frame and bearing ring;The inner frame is installed in outer frame by three-dimensional moving mechanism, and can be driven relative to outer frame in X, Y|, Z direction by three-dimensional moving mechanism, and the center of the inner frame is provided with circular mounting groove;The bearing ring can be freely rotated and installed in the circular mounting groove, and the inner side of the bearing ring is provided with a plurality of radial telescopic loading devices, and the inner side end of multiple radial telescopic loading devices constitutes the space of installing tunnel model.The model test device of the application is relatively easy to assemble and splice, and is easy to operate.The application can simulate the stress condition of tunnel model in multiple directions, and can correspondingly monitor deformation.The application ensures that the tunnel model is always in the theoretical center during loading process by three-dimensional moving mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering experimental research, and in particular to a multifunctional tunnel model test device capable of multidimensional movement. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried underground, representing a form of human utilization of underground space. They play a vital role in improving highway technical conditions, shortening travel distances, increasing transport capacity, and reducing accidents. With the development of engineering equipment and technology, tunnels have become a very common building form. Because they are primarily buried underground, they are frequently disturbed in different directions and to varying degrees by external natural and human factors, disrupting the original static equilibrium between the tunnel and the soil. This inevitably leads to uneven deformation of operating tunnels, warranting in-depth investigation into its mechanisms. While on-site tunnel model tests are costly and time-consuming due to site and human factors, model testing is an important means of developing tunnel-related technologies. It offers advantages such as low cost and ease of operation, and is an effective method for studying the stress mechanism of tunnels. It allows for direct observation of the tunnel deformation and failure process, providing crucial evidence for tunnel research.

[0003] Existing tunnel mechanics simulation experiments are all conducted in a static environment, which makes it impossible to adjust the tunnel center position or simulate earthquakes and vibrations during the experiment, thus failing to meet the requirements of more tunnel simulation experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention designs a multi-functional tunnel model testing device capable of multi-dimensional movement. This device effectively simulates the stress conditions of an actual tunnel in different directions and simultaneously monitors the stress and deformation of the tunnel model in the corresponding directions, thereby further exploring the stress patterns of the tunnel. Furthermore, it can restore the initial state and continue simulating new stress conditions to explore other stress patterns.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A multi-functional tunnel model test device capable of multi-dimensional motion, characterized in that it includes...

[0007] The outer frame serves as the load-bearing frame of the experimental setup;

[0008] The inner frame is installed inside the outer frame via a three-dimensional moving mechanism and can be driven to move relative to the outer frame in the X, Y, and Z directions via the three-dimensional moving mechanism. A circular mounting groove is provided at the center of the inner frame.

[0009] The load-bearing ring is installed in a circular mounting groove that can rotate freely. Several radial telescopic loading devices are provided on the inner side of the load-bearing ring, and the inner ends of the multiple radial telescopic loading devices form a space for installing the tunnel model.

[0010] Furthermore, the radial telescopic loading device is mounted on the inner wall of the load-bearing ring via an axial sliding pair, which allows for adjustment of the axial position of the radial telescopic loading device.

[0011] Furthermore, the radial telescopic loading device is a radially installed jack, and the front end of the jack is provided with a load-bearing plate that matches the shape of the outer side of the tunnel model.

[0012] Furthermore, 4-12 installation points are evenly arranged around the circumference of the load-bearing ring, and each installation point is equipped with 1-4 radially distributed expansion and contraction loading devices.

[0013] Furthermore, the three-dimensional moving mechanism includes a middle frame, an X-axis jack, a Y-axis jack, and a Z-axis jack; the inner frame is installed inside the middle frame, and the left and right sides of the inner frame are connected to the middle frame by several horizontally arranged Y-axis jacks, and the position of the inner frame relative to the middle frame in the Y direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the Y-axis jacks on the left and right sides.

[0014] The intermediate frame is installed inside the outer frame, and the upper and lower sides of the intermediate frame are connected to the outer frame by several vertical Z-axis jacks; the position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the Z direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the upper and lower Z-axis jacks.

[0015] The Z-axis jack is connected to the intermediate frame or the outer frame via an X-axis sliding pair.

[0016] Several horizontally mounted X-axis jacks that can freely extend and retract in the X direction are also provided between the intermediate frame and the outer frame. The position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the X direction can be adjusted by extending and retracting the X-axis jacks. The X direction is the same as the axis of the load-bearing ring. The X-axis jacks are connected to the intermediate frame or the outer frame through Z-axis sliding pairs.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of first rolling elements are provided between the outer wall of the load-bearing ring and the inner wall of the inner frame to reduce rotational friction.

[0018] Furthermore, several second rolling elements are provided between the upper and lower sides of the inner frame and the middle frame to reduce frictional force in the Y direction.

[0019] Furthermore, several third rolling elements are provided between the left and right sides of the intermediate frame and the inner wall of the outer frame to reduce frictional force in the Z-direction.

[0020] Furthermore, the outer frame is composed of two parallel rectangular frames fixedly connected together, and the middle frame has load-bearing parts extending outward on both the left and right sides. The X-axis jack is located between the load-bearing parts of the middle frame and the corresponding rectangular frames, and the X-axis jack is connected to the rectangular frames or the middle frame through a Z-axis sliding pair.

[0021] Furthermore, the inner frame is a cubic frame of reinforced concrete or steel; the middle frame is a rectangular frame of steel; and the rectangular frame of the outer frame is composed of four cross-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0022] The basic principle of this invention is as follows: First, the XYZ axial jacks are controlled to adjust the model's position to the theoretical center. Then, several internal radial telescopic loading devices are used to apply corresponding directional loads to the tunnel model to simulate its working conditions and simultaneously monitor dynamic deformation. Simultaneously, the XYZ axial jack movements can simulate earthquakes or seismic environments. After the experiment, the XYZ axial jacks are controlled again to adjust the model back to the theoretical center for further stress studies under other working conditions. Deformation monitoring is achieved because the internal radial telescopic loading devices are tightly connected to the tunnel surface. When the tunnel deforms, the jacks dynamically adjust, actively elongating / compressing, thereby allowing wired or wireless observation and recording of deformation data.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] The multi-dimensional, multi-functional tunnel model test device designed in this invention has significant advantages and socio-economic benefits. The following are five of its main beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The model test device is relatively easy to assemble and splice, and has strong operability.

[0026] (2) It can simulate the stress of a tunnel model in multiple directions and perform deformation monitoring accordingly.

[0027] (3) The radial jacks in multiple internal directions can be equipped with deformation monitoring functions. Data can be controlled and observed via wired or wireless means and saved, greatly reducing the intensity of manual labor and the cost of work.

[0028] (4) By embedding an internal ring slide rail, not only can the position of the tunnel model be finely adjusted, but the model can also be rotated to better view the deformation around the tunnel during the loading process.

[0029] (5) The three-dimensional movable loading system device makes it easier to adjust the position of the tunnel model in the XYZ direction and simulate vibration and seismic environment. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the multifunctional tunnel model test device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a front view of the multifunctional tunnel model test device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a left view of the multifunctional tunnel model test device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Partial schematic diagram of the central support ring;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional moving mechanism on the inner frame and the middle frame of the multifunctional tunnel model test device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional moving mechanism on the outer frame of the multifunctional tunnel model test device of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1-Tunnel model, 2-Radial telescopic loading device, 3-Bearing ring, 4-Inner frame, 41-Circular mounting groove, 5-Intermediate frame, 51-Bearing part, 6-Outer frame, 61-Rectangular frame, 7-Bearing plate, 8-Axial sliding pair, 9-First rolling element, 10-X-axis jack, 11-Y-axis jack, 12-Z-axis jack, 13-Second rolling element, 14-Third rolling element, 15-X-axis sliding pair, 16-Z-axis sliding pair. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the present invention provides a multi-functional tunnel model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement, including an outer frame 6, which serves as the load-bearing frame of the test device.

[0040] The inner frame 4 is installed inside the outer frame 6 through a three-dimensional moving mechanism, and can be driven to move relative to the outer frame 6 in the X, Y, and Z directions through the three-dimensional moving mechanism. A circular mounting groove is provided at the center of the inner frame 4.

[0041] The load-bearing ring 3 is installed in a circular mounting groove that can rotate freely. Several radial telescopic loading devices 2 are provided on the inner side of the load-bearing ring 3. The inner ends of the multiple radial telescopic loading devices 2 form the space for installing the tunnel model 1.

[0042] This invention, by setting a rotating joint, allows the load-bearing ring 3 to rotate freely, thereby adjusting the orientation of the tunnel model 1 and reducing or eliminating the influence of its own weight on its structural composition. This invention, through a three-dimensional moving mechanism, can adjust the position of the tunnel model 1, ensuring that its axis is consistently aligned with the designed axis, i.e., located at the theoretical center. Furthermore, this invention can simulate seismic and vibration environments using a three-dimensional moving mechanism. Seismic waves are generally low-frequency waves, so they can be fully simulated using a common three-dimensional moving mechanism.

[0043] The present invention enables loading from all directions around the tunnel model 1 by setting uniformly distributed radial expansion loading devices 2 inside the load-bearing ring 3. The radial expansion loading devices 2 can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed to simulate two situations: uniform underground stress environment and non-uniform underground stress environment.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, a positioning and clamping mechanism is provided between the load-bearing ring 3 and the inner frame 4. This mechanism can be a positioning pin hole or a brake. After the load-bearing ring 3 is rotated to the correct position, its position can be fixed.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the radial telescopic loading device 2 is installed on the inner wall of the bearing ring 3 via an axial sliding pair 8, which allows the axial position of the radial telescopic loading device 2 to be adjusted. In this embodiment, the axial sliding pair 8 includes an axial dovetail groove provided on the inner wall of the bearing ring 3 and an axial dovetail slider provided on the radial telescopic loading device 2 that cooperates with the axial dovetail groove.

[0046] As a more preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple radial expansion loading devices 2 can be set in each axial sliding pair 8. For example, in one case, multiple axial dovetail sliders can be set in an axial dovetail groove, and a radial expansion loading device 2 can be installed on each axial dovetail slider. This can simulate the axial stress difference for tunnel simulation.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the radial telescopic loading device 2 is a radially installed jack, and the front end of the radial jack is provided with a load-bearing plate 7 that matches the shape of the outer side of the tunnel model 1.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the jack is also equipped with an extension sensor or a distance sensor to independently detect the load of each jack.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, each jack is equipped with a pressure sensor at its front end to detect the precise loading force of each jack.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, depending on the actual size of the tunnel model 1 and the type of test to be conducted, the load-bearing ring is provided with 4-12 installation points, and each installation point is equipped with 1-4 axially distributed radial telescopic loading devices 2.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the three-dimensional moving mechanism includes a middle frame 5, an X-axis jack 10, a Y-axis jack 11, and a Z-axis jack 12; the inner frame 4 is installed inside the middle frame 5, and the left and right sides of the inner frame 4 are respectively connected to the middle frame 5 through several horizontally arranged Y-axis jacks 11. The position of the inner frame 4 relative to the middle frame 5 in the Y direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the Y-axis jacks 11 on the left and right sides.

[0052] The intermediate frame 5 is installed inside the outer frame 6. The upper and lower sides of the intermediate frame 5 are connected to the outer frame 6 by several vertical Z-axis jacks 12. The position of the intermediate frame 5 relative to the outer frame 6 in the Z direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the upper and lower Z-axis jacks 12.

[0053] The Z-axis jack 12 is connected to the intermediate frame 5 or the outer frame 6 via the X-axis sliding pair 15 (sliding groove slider structure);

[0054] Several horizontally installed X-axis jacks 10 that can freely extend and retract in the X direction are also provided between the intermediate frame 5 and the outer frame 6. The position of the intermediate frame 5 relative to the outer frame 6 in the X direction can be adjusted by extending and retracting the X-axis jacks 10. The X direction is the same as the axial direction of the load-bearing ring 3. The X-axis jacks 10 are connected to the intermediate frame 5 or the outer frame 6 through the Z-axis sliding pair 16.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the X-axis jack 10, Y-axis jack 11 and Z-axis jack 12 are each equipped with an extension sensor or a distance sensor to independently detect the load of each jack, and each is equipped with a pressure sensor at its front end to detect the precise loading force of each jack.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of first rolling elements 9 are provided between the outer wall of the bearing ring 3 and the inner wall of the circular mounting groove of the inner frame 4 to reduce rotational friction; a plurality of second rolling elements 13 are provided between the upper and lower sides of the inner frame 4 and the middle frame 5 to reduce Y-axis motion friction; and a plurality of third rolling elements 14 are provided between the left and right sides of the middle frame 5 and the inner wall of the outer frame 6 to reduce Z-axis motion friction. The first rolling elements 9, second rolling elements 13, and third rolling elements 14 are all balls or rollers.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the outer frame 6 is composed of two parallel rectangular frames 61 fixedly connected (connectors are not shown) or the two rectangular frames 61 are fixed on the test bench. The middle frame 5 has load-bearing parts 51 extending outward on both sides. The X-axis jack 10 is located between the load-bearing part 51 of the middle frame 5 and the corresponding rectangular frame 61. The X-axis jack 10 is connected to the rectangular frame or the middle frame 5 through the Z-axis sliding pair 16.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inner frame 4 is a cubic frame of reinforced concrete or steel structure; the middle frame 5 is a rectangular frame of steel structure; and the rectangular frame of the outer frame 6 is composed of four cross-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the multifunctional tunnel model 1 test device further includes a controller for receiving detection data from various sensors and controlling the actions of various jacks.

[0060] The method of using the multifunctional tunnel model test device of this invention, taking eight radial jacks as an example, simulates the horizontal force on the tunnel to investigate the stress and deformation of the tunnel surface. Figure 1 As shown, the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0061] S1: Placement of the simulated tunnel device: Control the retraction of the 8 radial jacks inside the load-bearing ring 3 to leave enough space to place the tunnel model 1. After placement, extend the 8 internal radial jacks to make contact with the tunnel model 1, which serves as a temporary fixation.

[0062] S2: Tunnel Model 1 Position Adjustment: Through a three-dimensional movable mechanism, the extension of the jacks in each direction is continuously adjusted, causing the tunnel model 1 to move in the XYZ directions until the tunnel model 1 is located at the theoretical center.

[0063] S2: Installation and activation of monitoring equipment: Install and activate strain sensors for the required research area on the tunnel surface, and activate the internal pressure and strain monitoring system of the 8 radial jacks. In order to hold tunnel model 1 in place, and since tunnel model 1 itself also has gravity, the 8 radial jacks have an initial force, which is assumed to be zero during the test. The force at the end of the loading is the force increment.

[0064] S3: Apply the corresponding working force: Adjust the horizontal jack among the 8 radial jacks to simulate loading the tunnel model 1 in this direction. At this time, the tunnel model will generate corresponding stress deformation. At this time, each radial jack is dynamically monitoring and recording data.

[0065] S4: Tunnel device adjustment and repositioning: After the test, the monitoring data is automatically saved, and the deformation characteristics of tunnel model 1 under this working condition can be obtained through subsequent analysis.

[0066] It should be noted that, depending on the research object, the strain sensor mentioned above can be replaced with a stress sensor, or a stress sensor can be added, in order to conduct relevant research.

[0067] The following describes several typical application scenarios.

[0068] When it is necessary to simulate the docking of a tunnel model with external components, or the force behavior during the docking of multiple tunnel models, the three-dimensional moving mechanism can be activated to move and adjust in the XYZ directions to ensure accuracy during the docking process.

[0069] When it is necessary to simulate the seismic resistance of a tunnel model, the ground stress environment is simulated by loading with eight radial jacks, and then seismic waves are simulated by loading in various directions through a three-dimensional moving mechanism. Composite seismic waves can be simulated by loading in three directions, or the damage caused to the tunnel model by seismic waves in a single direction or two directions can be simulated.

[0070] It is worth noting that the simulated tunnel stress described above is only one engineering case and can also be used for other stress studies and other situations.

[0071] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention and should be covered within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional tunnel model test device capable of multi-dimensional motion, characterized in that, include The outer frame serves as the load-bearing frame of the experimental setup; The inner frame is installed inside the outer frame via a three-dimensional moving mechanism and can be driven to move relative to the outer frame in the X, Y, and Z directions via the three-dimensional moving mechanism. A circular mounting groove is provided at the center of the inner frame. A load-bearing ring is installed in a circular mounting groove that can rotate freely. Several radial telescopic loading devices are provided on the inner side of the load-bearing ring, and the inner ends of the multiple radial telescopic loading devices form a space for installing the tunnel model. The radial telescopic loading device is mounted on the inner wall of the bearing ring via an axial sliding pair, which allows the axial position of the radial telescopic loading device to be adjusted. The three-dimensional moving mechanism includes a middle frame, X-axis jacks, Y-axis jacks and Z-axis jacks; the inner frame is installed inside the middle frame, and the left and right sides of the inner frame are connected to the middle frame by several horizontally arranged Y-axis jacks. The position of the inner frame relative to the middle frame in the Y direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the Y-axis jacks on the left and right sides. The intermediate frame is installed inside the outer frame, and the upper and lower sides of the intermediate frame are connected to the outer frame by several vertical Z-axis jacks; the position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the Z direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the upper and lower Z-axis jacks. The Z-axis jack is connected to the intermediate frame or the outer frame via an X-axis sliding pair. Several horizontally mounted X-axis jacks that can freely extend and retract in the X direction are also provided between the intermediate frame and the outer frame. The position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the X direction can be adjusted by extending and retracting the X-axis jacks. The X direction is the same as the axis of the load-bearing ring. The X-axis jacks are connected to the intermediate frame or the outer frame through Z-axis sliding pairs.

2. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial telescopic loading device is a radially installed jack, and the front end of the radial jack is provided with a load-bearing plate that matches the shape of the outer side of the tunnel model.

3. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 4-12 installation points evenly arranged around the circumference of the load-bearing ring, and each installation point is equipped with 1-4 radially distributed expansion and contraction loading devices.

4. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several first rolling elements are provided between the outer wall of the load-bearing ring and the inner wall of the inner frame to reduce rotational friction.

5. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several second rolling elements are provided between the upper and lower sides of the inner frame and the middle frame to reduce friction in the Y-direction.

6. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several third rolling elements are provided between the left and right sides of the middle frame and the inner wall of the outer frame to reduce friction in the Z-direction.

7. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer frame is composed of two parallel rectangular frames fixedly connected together. The middle frame has load-bearing parts extending outward on both sides. The X-axis jack is located between the load-bearing parts of the middle frame and the corresponding rectangular frames. The X-axis jack is connected to the rectangular frames or the middle frame through a Z-axis sliding pair.

8. The multifunctional tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner frame is a cubic frame of reinforced concrete or steel; the middle frame is a rectangular frame of steel; and the outer frame is a rectangular frame composed of four cross-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

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