A broadband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure and antenna array

Abstract

The application provides a broadband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure and an antenna array. On the basis of ensuring a low profile of the antenna, the broadband wide-angle scanning capability of the microstrip patch antenna is realized through structural design, meanwhile, space is reserved as a design area of an optical radar, and an antenna unit for integrated design of an optical / electrical radar array is realized. Technical problems that the antenna bandwidth is narrow in the prior art, and the profile, volume and weight of the antenna affect the performance of the radar are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antenna, in particular to a wideband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure and antenna array. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of airborne active phased array radar, the requirements for the antenna in profile, volume, weight, wideband, wide-angle, etc. are more and more stringent. The profile, volume and weight of the antenna directly affect the installation requirements of the radar, affecting the action distance and maneuverability of the radar; wide-angle, wide-angle scanning is the necessary condition to ensure that the radar realizes fast scanning and large space coverage. The traditional active phased array antenna adopts end-fire antenna, adjusts the end-fire direction of the antenna to the array direction through the structure of rotating the whole antenna, and designs a complex mounting structure. This increases the profile, volume and weight of the radar. This has become the main bottleneck restricting the development of active phased array radar.

[0003] The low-profile microstrip patch antenna is realized on a dielectric board by using PCB (printed circuit board) process, which has the characteristics of low profile, low weight, conformal, easy processing and easy integration with circuit, and is the development trend of active phased array radar antenna. However, the bandwidth of the conventional microstrip patch antenna is narrow, which cannot meet the requirements of modern active phased array radar antenna. In recent years, the technology of widening the bandwidth of microstrip antenna is constantly progressing, and the bandwidth of the antenna is greatly improved. The microstrip patch antenna has the wideband characteristic of 45° angle scanning, but it is still difficult to realize a wideband patch antenna with a larger scanning angle. At present, it is still one of the difficulties to be overcome in the field of antenna.

[0004] Optical detection technology takes advantage of the scattering characteristics of more than 2 orders of magnitude in optical frequency band compared with radio frequency of stealth targets and the insensitivity to radio frequency interference. Through the coordinated detection of targets, the pain points of the sharp decline of the combat effectiveness of our equipment in high-stealth target and strong interference environment are solved, and the combat effectiveness and survivability of the airborne platform in target detection, target identification and anti-jamming are greatly improved. Limited by the space of the airborne platform, the independent design of optical detection and radio frequency radar increases the occupied space of the airborne equipment, reduces the load capacity and maneuverability of the aircraft. Through the deep integration of aperture and signal of light / electricity, not only can the problems such as serious resource shortage and extremely low stealth target detection caused by the full-machine layout of multiple sensors be solved, but also the anti-electromagnetic interference can improve the survival and penetration capability of the warplane, which has great strategic significance. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a wideband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure and antenna array, which solves the technical problem of narrow antenna bandwidth, and the profile, volume and weight of the antenna affect the performance of the radar.

[0006] The embodiment of the present specification provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A broadband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure, characterized in that the microstrip antenna unit structure comprises:

[0008] A first radiating dielectric plate, the upper and lower surfaces of the first radiating dielectric plate are respectively etched with a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch, and the first radiating dielectric plate is provided with a first metallized side edge;

[0009] A second radiating dielectric plate, the second radiating dielectric plate is embedded with a feed foam plate, and the second radiating dielectric plate is provided with a second metallized side edge;

[0010] A first feed dielectric plate, the upper surface of the first feed dielectric plate is etched with a feed slot, the first feed dielectric plate is provided with a symmetric first metallized isolation hole, and the first feed dielectric plate is provided with a third metallized side edge;

[0011] A second feed dielectric plate, the upper surface of the second feed dielectric plate is etched with a feed strip line, the second feed dielectric plate is provided with a symmetric second metallized isolation hole, the second metallized isolation hole is correspondingly arranged with the first metallized isolation hole, the second feed dielectric plate is provided with a fourth metallized side edge, wherein the second metallized side edge, the third metallized side edge and the fourth metallized side edge form a space in the shape of an I-shaped section, and the first metallized side edge, the second metallized side edge, the third metallized side edge and the fourth metallized side edge are connected with each other to form a stepped I-shaped groove, the first radiating dielectric plate, the second radiating dielectric plate, the first feed dielectric plate and the second feed dielectric plate are all tightly pressed and connected, and form a multilayer dielectric substrate structure;

[0012] A metal floor, the metal floor is internally embedded with a connector, the connector is electrically connected with the feed strip line, and the multilayer dielectric substrate structure and the metal floor are adhered by conductive glue.

[0013] Further, the second radiating dielectric plate and the feed foam plate have the same thickness.

[0014] Further, the feed slot is an I-shaped slot.

[0015] Further, the first metallized side edge forms a space in the shape of a 1 / 4 rectangle.

[0016] Further, the first metallized isolation hole and the second metallized isolation hole form an unsealed symmetric structure around the feed slot and the feed strip line.

[0017] The present application also provides an antenna array, which is composed of the microstrip antenna unit structure by two-dimensional expansion and combination, and comprises a plurality of long channels which are spliced by the stepped I-shaped groove.

[0018] Further, the plurality of long channels are used for placing single or multiple optical probes.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the at least one technical scheme adopted by the present application can achieve the beneficial effects at least including: by providing a wide bandwidth angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure, by designing the microstrip antenna unit structure to eliminate surface waves, and by making the surface wave resonance frequency shift out of the working frequency band, the bandwidth of the scanning angle is greatly widened. Meanwhile, the low profile antenna retains its unique advantages of small size, light weight, easy processing and easy conforming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna unit structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a microstrip antenna unit structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is an active standing wave curve diagram of a microstrip antenna unit of an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 is an active standing wave curve diagram of a microstrip antenna unit of an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] In the drawings, the reference signs are as follows: 1, first radiating dielectric plate; 2, second radiating dielectric plate; 3, feeding foam plate; 4, first feeding dielectric plate; 5, second feeding dielectric plate; 6, metal ground plate; 7, connector; 8, first radiating patch; 9, second radiating patch; 10, feeding slot; 11, feeding strip line; 12, first metallized side edge; 13, second metallized side edge; 14, third metallized side edge; 15, fourth metallized side edge; 16, first metallized isolation hole; 17, second metallized isolation hole; 18, I-shaped groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0028] The following detailed description of the application is provided as an example to enable those skilled in the art to realize the benefits of the present application, and is not intended to limit the application to a single preferred embodiment. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the application can be practiced in other embodiments that fall within the scope of the present application. To the extent use of a specific embodiment is not inconsistent with the general principles of the application, the description thereof applies to that embodiment and to every other embodiment where the principle is the same. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the application can be practiced in other embodiments that fall within the scope of the present application. To the extent use of a specific embodiment is not inconsistent with the general principles of the application, the description thereof applies to that embodiment and to every other embodiment where the principle is the same.

[0029] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiment of the present application provides a wide bandwidth and wide angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure, which comprises: a first radiating dielectric plate 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the first radiating dielectric plate 1 are respectively etched with a first radiating patch 8 and a second radiating patch 9, and the first radiating dielectric plate 1 is provided with a first metalized side edge 12;

[0030] A second radiating dielectric plate 2, the second radiating dielectric plate 2 is embedded with a feed foam plate 3, and the second radiating dielectric plate 2 is provided with a second metalized side edge 13;

[0031] A first feed dielectric plate 4, the upper surface of the first feed dielectric plate 4 is etched with a feed slot 10, the first feed dielectric plate 4 is provided with a symmetric first metalized isolation hole 16, and the first feed dielectric plate 4 is provided with a third metalized side edge 14;

[0032] A first feed dielectric plate 5, the upper surface of the first feed dielectric plate 5 is etched with a feed strip line 11, the first feed dielectric plate 5 is provided with a symmetric second metalized isolation hole 17, the second metalized isolation hole 17 is correspondingly arranged with the first metalized isolation hole 16, and the first feed dielectric plate 5 is provided with a fourth metalized side edge 15, wherein the second metalized side edge 13, the third metalized side edge 14 and the fourth metalized side edge 15 form a 1 / 2 H-shaped space, and the first metalized side edge 12, the second metalized side edge 13, the third metalized side edge 14 and the fourth metalized side edge 15 are connected with each other to form a stepped H-shaped groove 18, and the first radiating dielectric plate 1, the second radiating dielectric plate 2, the first feed dielectric plate 4 and the first feed dielectric plate 5 are tightly pressed and connected to form a multilayer dielectric substrate structure;

[0033] A metal floor 6, the metal floor 6 is embedded with a connector 7 inside, the connector 7 is electrically connected with the feed strip line 11, and the multilayer dielectric substrate structure and the metal floor 6 are adhered by conductive adhesive.

[0034] Preferably, the second radiating dielectric slab 2 and the feed foam slab 3 have the same thickness.

[0035] Preferably, the feed slot 10 is an I-shaped slot.

[0036] Preferably, the first metallized side edge 12 forms a 1 / 4 rectangular space.

[0037] Preferably, the first metallized isolation hole 16 and the second metallized isolation hole 17 form an unsealed symmetrical structure around the feed slot 10 and the feed strip line 11.

[0038] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application provides a wideband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure. Through the design of the antenna unit structure, surface waves are eliminated, and the surface wave resonance frequency is offset out of the working frequency band, so that the bandwidth of the scanning angle is greatly widened, the performance of wideband wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna is realized, and the scanning angle of the low-profile microstrip antenna can be widened to 60°. At the same time, the low-profile antenna retains its unique advantages of small size, light weight, easy processing and easy conforming. It can be used on various radars, electronic warfare and communication equipment on various shipborne, airborne and land-based platforms.

[0039] As shown in Figure 3 The embodiment of the present application also provides an antenna array, which is composed of the microstrip antenna unit structure through two-dimensional expansion and combination. The antenna array includes a plurality of long channels, which are spliced by the stepped I-shaped grooves 18.

[0040] Further, the plurality of long channels are used for placing a single or multiple optical detectors.

[0041] Specifically, the double-sided slotted region of the antenna array, i.e. the long channel spliced by the I-shaped grooves 18, is used for designing an optical detector, realizing the integrated design of the optical / electrical radar array. As shown in Figure 4 The wideband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize 60° scanning capability of E plane and H plane within 20% radio frequency bandwidth (VSWR<2). As shown in Figure 5 After the slotted region of the antenna array is filled with glass, the above-mentioned microstrip antenna unit can still realize 60° scanning capability of E plane and H plane within 20% radio frequency bandwidth (VSWR<2).

[0042] To sum up, the wide bandwidth and wide angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure provided in the embodiments of the present application can achieve at least the following technical effects compared with the prior art: relying on the application prospect of the low profile antenna, the bandwidth technology research is carried out for the low profile microstrip radiator, on the basis of ensuring the low profile of the antenna, the wide bandwidth and wide angle scanning capability of the microstrip patch antenna is realized, the scanning angle bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna is improved to 60°, and the wide angle coverage of the antenna is realized. At the same time, the space is reserved as the design area of the optical radar, and an antenna unit for integrated design of optical / electrical radar array is realized.

[0043] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wide bandwidth, wide angle scanning microstrip antenna element structure, characterized by, The microstrip antenna unit structure comprises: a first radiating dielectric plate (1), upper and lower surfaces of the first radiating dielectric plate (1) are respectively etched with a first radiating patch (8) and a second radiating patch (9), and the first radiating dielectric plate (1) is provided with a first metalized side (12); a second radiating dielectric plate (2), the second radiating dielectric plate (2) is embedded with a feed foam plate (3), and the second radiating dielectric plate (2) is provided with a second metalized side (13); a first feed dielectric plate (4), an upper surface of the first feed dielectric plate (4) is etched with a feed slot (10), the first feed dielectric plate (4) is provided with symmetric first metalized isolation holes (16), and the first feed dielectric plate (4) is provided with a third metalized side (14); a second feed dielectric plate (5), an upper surface of the second feed dielectric plate (5) is etched with a feed strip line (11), the second feed dielectric plate (5) is provided with symmetric second metalized isolation holes (17), the second metalized isolation holes (17) are correspondingly arranged with the first metalized isolation holes (16), the second feed dielectric plate (5) is provided with a fourth metalized side (15), wherein the second metalized side (13), the third metalized side (14) and the fourth metalized side (15) form a 1 / 2 I-shaped space, and the first metalized side (12), the second metalized side (13), the third metalized side (14) and the fourth metalized side (15) are connected with each other to form a stepped I-shaped groove (18), the first radiating dielectric plate (1), the second radiating dielectric plate (2), the first feed dielectric plate (4) and the second feed dielectric plate (5) are all tightly pressed and connected, and a multilayer dielectric substrate structure is formed; a metal floor (6), the metal floor (6) is internally embedded with a connector (7), the connector (7) is electrically connected with the feed strip line (11), and the multilayer dielectric substrate structure and the metal floor (6) are adhered by conductive glue.

2. A wide bandwidth wide angle scanning microstrip antenna element structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The second radiating dielectric plate (2) and the feed foam plate (3) have the same thickness.

3. The wide bandwidth wide angle scanning microstrip antenna element structure of claim 1, wherein, The feed slot (10) is an I-shaped slot.

4. The wide bandwidth wide angle scanning microstrip antenna element structure of claim 1, wherein, The first metalized side (12) forms a 1 / 4 rectangular space.

5. The wide bandwidth wide angle scanning microstrip antenna element structure of claim 1, wherein, The first metalized isolation holes (16) and the second metalized isolation holes (17) form a non-closed symmetric structure around the feed slot (10) and the feed strip line (11).

6. An antenna array, the antenna array is formed by two-dimensional expansion combination of the broadband wide-angle scanning microstrip antenna unit structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the antenna array comprises a plurality of long channels, and the plurality of long channels are spliced by the stepped I-shaped groove (18).

7. An antenna array according to claim 6, wherein, The plurality of long channels are used for placing single or multiple optical detectors.

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