A blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method and related device

Abstract

The application discloses a low-voltage user demand response method based on a blockchain and related devices, and the method comprises the following steps: dividing low-voltage users into target transformer areas according to different areas based on transformer area nodes, and constructing a consortium chain taking a transformer area as a unit, wherein the transformer area nodes manage a plurality of low-voltage users; establishing an association relationship between the consortium chain and a beacon chain to obtain a consortium double-layer chain model; performing user demand response transactions based on the consortium double-layer chain model, and realizing the synchronization of node demand response information according to a synchronous diffusion mechanism and a hybrid consensus mechanism; after completing the user demand response transactions, calculating the response business strength of each target transformer area in the consortium chain and the user credit value of each low-voltage user; and configuring an incentive policy for the user demand response according to the response business strength and the user credit value, and optimizing the low-voltage user demand response mechanism. The application can solve the technical problem that the prior art lacks autonomy stability and real reliability, resulting in poor execution effect of the demand response mechanism.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power distribution networks, and particularly relates to a low-voltage user demand response method based on a block chain and related devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the allocation of electric power resources is unbalanced, and the urban electric power burden is increasing day by day. In particular, the demand of residents for stable power supply and flexible power utilization is continuously increasing with the improvement of the quality of life. For example, during the summer peak power consumption period, the peak load of the power grid continues to rise, but the duration is very short. The peak-valley difference is high, which brings great challenges to the stability and economic operation of the power grid. Adjustable load resources can be traded according to the price, incentive mechanism or transaction information, and the demand side power utilization equipment, power equipment and energy storage equipment can be started, stopped, adjusted in the running state or adjusted in the running period, to relieve the time period supply-demand contradiction, provide inertia support resources and adjustment capacity for system operation, and ensure stable and efficient operation of the power grid.

[0003] The prior art can relieve the power supply pressure of the power grid company according to the demand response mechanism, but lacks autonomous stability in the power load management of the user, and cannot ensure that the data information between regions and regions, or within a region, remains true and reliable during the transmission process, resulting in that the low-voltage user demand response process does not achieve the expected effect. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a low-voltage user demand response method based on a block chain and related devices, which is used to solve the technical problem that the prior art lacks autonomous stability in user load management and lacks true reliability in the data transmission process, resulting in poor execution effect of the demand response mechanism.

[0005] Therefore, the first aspect of the present application provides a low-voltage user demand response method based on a block chain, comprising:

[0006] S1: dividing low-voltage users into target transformer areas according to different regions based on transformer area nodes, and constructing a consortium chain taking a transformer area as a unit, wherein the transformer area nodes manage a plurality of the low-voltage users, and the consortium chain comprises a plurality of the transformer area nodes;

[0007] S2: establishing an association relationship between the consortium chain and a beacon chain to obtain a consortium double-layer chain model, wherein the beacon chain comprises a plurality of master station full nodes;

[0008] S3: performing user demand response transactions based on the consortium double-layer chain model, and realizing synchronization of node demand response information according to a synchronous diffusion mechanism and a hybrid consensus mechanism;

[0009] S4: After completing the user demand response transaction, calculate the response service strength of each target station in the consortium blockchain, and the user credit value of each low-voltage user;

[0010] S5: Configure incentive policies for responding to user needs based on the response service intensity and the user credit value, and optimize the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, step S1 includes:

[0012] The node area is divided according to the transformer substation to which the low-voltage user belongs, and the target transformer substation to which the transformer substation belongs;

[0013] A consensus relationship is established between the nodes in the same power distribution area to form a consortium blockchain based on the power distribution area. Each power distribution area node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple power distribution area nodes.

[0014] Preferably, step S3 includes:

[0015] Based on the aforementioned consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are carried out. Through low-pressure interactive response, users synchronously diffuse node demand response information to the corresponding network nodes according to the synchronous diffusion mechanism. This triggers the network nodes to reach a consensus with the low-pressure users in their respective network zones based on a hybrid consensus mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the consortium chain.

[0016] The node demand response information is synchronously diffused to all nodes of the master station through the synchronous diffusion mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the beacon chain.

[0017] Preferably, step S4 includes:

[0018] After completing the user demand response transaction, the user credit value of the low-voltage user is calculated based on the performance and the pre-set RP incentive model;

[0019] The response value of each transformer node in the target transformer area to the electricity service demand is statistically analyzed to obtain the response service strength.

[0020] A second aspect of this application provides a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response device, comprising:

[0021] The consortium blockchain construction module is used to divide low-voltage users into target areas according to different regions based on the area nodes, and to build a consortium blockchain with the area as the unit. The area nodes manage multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple area nodes.

[0022] The association construction module is used to establish the association relationship between the consortium chain and the beacon chain to obtain a consortium two-layer chain model; the beacon chain includes multiple master station full nodes;

[0023] The demand response module is used to conduct user demand response transactions based on the consortium two-layer chain model, and to synchronize node demand response information according to the synchronization diffusion mechanism and the hybrid consensus mechanism.

[0024] The interactive computing module is used to calculate the response service strength of each target station in the consortium blockchain and the user credit value of each low-voltage user after completing the user demand response transaction.

[0025] The mechanism optimization module is used to configure incentive policies for user demand response based on the response service intensity and the user credit value, thereby optimizing the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

[0026] Preferably, the consortium blockchain construction module is specifically used for:

[0027] The node area is divided according to the transformer substation to which the low-voltage user belongs, and the target transformer substation to which the transformer substation belongs;

[0028] A consensus relationship is established between the nodes in the same power distribution area to form a consortium blockchain based on the power distribution area. Each power distribution area node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple power distribution area nodes.

[0029] Preferably, the demand response module is specifically used for:

[0030] Based on the aforementioned consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are carried out. Through low-pressure interactive response, users synchronously diffuse node demand response information to the corresponding network nodes according to the synchronous diffusion mechanism. This triggers the network nodes to reach a consensus with the low-pressure users in their respective network zones based on a hybrid consensus mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the consortium chain.

[0031] The node demand response information is synchronously diffused to all nodes of the master station through the synchronous diffusion mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the beacon chain.

[0032] Preferably, the interactive computing module is specifically used for:

[0033] After completing the user demand response transaction, the user credit value of the low-voltage user is calculated based on the performance and the pre-set RP incentive model;

[0034] The response value of each transformer node in the target transformer area to the electricity service demand is statistically analyzed to obtain the response service strength.

[0035] A third aspect of this application provides a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response device, the device including a processor and a memory;

[0036] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0037] The processor is used to execute the blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method described in the first aspect according to the instructions in the program code.

[0038] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for executing the blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method described in the first aspect.

[0039] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of this application have the following advantages:

[0040] This application provides a blockchain-based method for responding to low-voltage user demand, comprising: S1: Dividing low-voltage users into target areas based on different regions using substation nodes, and constructing a consortium blockchain with substations as units. Each substation node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple substation nodes; S2: Establishing a connection between the consortium blockchain and the beacon blockchain to obtain a consortium two-layer blockchain model; the beacon blockchain includes multiple master station full nodes; S3: Conducting user demand response transactions based on the consortium two-layer blockchain model, and synchronizing node demand response information according to a synchronization diffusion mechanism and a hybrid consensus mechanism; S4: After completing the user demand response transaction, calculating the response business strength of each target substation in the consortium blockchain, and the user credit value of each low-voltage user; S5: Configuring incentive policies for user demand response based on the response business strength and user credit value, thereby optimizing the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

[0041] The low-voltage user demand response method based on blockchain provided in this application uses a distributed ledger to ensure data transparency, openness, and immutability, preventing false or erroneous accounting in power demand response operations and guaranteeing data authenticity and reliability. The consortium two-layer chain model, with its two-layer chain structure, achieves decentralized autonomy, offering high efficiency and better meeting practical application needs. Furthermore, the synchronization diffusion mechanism and hybrid consensus mechanism enable the synchronization of sharded transaction data, further ensuring data authenticity and reliability during transmission. Moreover, appropriate optimized incentive policies can encourage users to actively participate in demand response transactions, achieving rational scheduling of power resources and alleviating grid supply pressure. Therefore, this application addresses the technical problems of existing technologies lacking autonomous stability in user load management and lacking authenticity and reliability in data transmission, leading to poor performance of demand response mechanisms. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method provided in this application embodiment;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response device provided in this application embodiment;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blockchain structure of the target area provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a low-pressure user demand response transaction process based on a consortium two-layer chain model provided in this application embodiment;

[0046] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response system architecture is provided as an application example of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 1 This application provides an embodiment of a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method, comprising:

[0049] Step 101: Based on the transformer substation nodes, low-voltage users are divided into target transformer substations according to different regions, and a consortium blockchain is constructed with transformer substations as the unit. The transformer substation nodes manage multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple transformer substation nodes.

[0050] Further, step 101 includes:

[0051] The node area is divided according to the transformer substation to which the low-voltage user belongs, and the target transformer substation to which the transformer substation belongs;

[0052] Consensus relationships are established between nodes in the same power distribution zone to form a consortium blockchain based on power distribution zones. Each power distribution zone node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple power distribution zone nodes.

[0053] It should be noted that you should refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3All researched and analyzed distribution areas can be defined as target distribution areas. Each target distribution area includes multiple distribution area nodes, and each distribution area node manages multiple lightweight, low-voltage users. A consortium blockchain includes multiple distribution area nodes of the same target distribution area. Generally, a system includes multiple consortium blockchains, and overlapping distribution area nodes are allowed between consortium blockchains. These overlapping distribution area nodes store all interaction data information between two adjacent distribution areas. Specifically, when a user issues a cross-distribution transaction request, the distribution area node of the user's current distribution area will initiate cross-shard consensus and call the general smart contract that supports cross-distribution. We divide distribution area nodes into two categories: distribution area nodes used for cross-distribution interaction are called CrossNodes, and other ordinary distribution area nodes are called NormalNodes. CrossNodes are not permanent; they are selected by a credit mechanism and periodically re-selected within the distribution area.

[0054] After establishing connections between the consortium blockchains and between the nodes in the power distribution area, the blockchain structure can be designed. The block header information in the blockchain can include the current low-voltage user ID, timestamp, version number, the hash value of the previous block, the Merkle tree root hash value, a random number, and the hash value of the current block. The random number is calculated based on the difficulty of the hash operation. The stored block information includes three Merkle trees representing transaction data, status data, and time data, which are retrieved and processed through smart contracts. The main control chip inside the smart gateway uploads collected data such as voltage, current, power consumption, appliance on / off times, and appliance status to the low-voltage interactive response terminal. When a low-voltage user connects to the consortium blockchain network, they generate their own unique user code (user ID), which also includes information such as username, gender, unit, and phone number. The transaction data in a block needs to collect the hash value of the transactions in the business, the block, the transaction timestamp, the sender, and the receiver.

[0055] Step 102: Establish the relationship between the consortium blockchain and the beacon chain to obtain the consortium two-layer chain model; the beacon chain includes multiple master station full nodes.

[0056] The Beacon Chain, also known as the main chain, consists of master nodes in the power grid company's data center. Each node stores all the data in the entire network. The Beacon Chain and the consortium chain can form a consortium two-layer chain model, achieving decentralized autonomy through a two-layer chain structure and improving the flexibility of the low-voltage user demand response mechanism. Using the power grid company's main chain as the Beacon Chain can improve the throughput and scalability of the entire blockchain network.

[0057] Step 103: Conduct user demand response transactions based on the consortium two-layer chain model, and realize the synchronization of node demand response information according to the synchronization diffusion mechanism and the hybrid consensus mechanism.

[0058] Further, step 103 includes:

[0059] Based on the consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are carried out. Through low-pressure interactive response users, the node demand response information is synchronously diffused to the transformer area nodes according to the synchronous diffusion mechanism. This triggers the transformer area nodes to reach a consensus with the low-pressure users in their respective transformer areas based on the hybrid consensus mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the consortium chain.

[0060] The node demand response information is synchronously diffused to all nodes of the main station through the synchronous diffusion mechanism of the transformer area node, and the node demand response information is stored in the beacon chain.

[0061] The hybrid consensus mechanism in this embodiment includes the response strength of distribution network nodes, PoW, and PBFT. Specifically, the response strength mechanism refers to the responsiveness of distribution network nodes to the business needs of the power grid company. Actively participating in the power grid's energy-saving incentive program, higher response values ​​result in more incentive points, leading to higher credit proof and a relatively higher block production probability. PoW, or Proof of Work, is a distributed system consensus algorithm mechanism that tolerates Byzantine faults. Its purpose is to improve the fault tolerance of the blockchain network and increase the throughput of cross-distribution network transactions. In this hybrid consensus mechanism, due to the trust provided by the consortium blockchain, distribution network nodes do not need to perform as much PoW consensus proof, thus avoiding network-wide computing power competition and resource waste, reducing the computational pressure on nodes, and improving the utilization rate of computing resources.

[0062] Please refer to the process of user demand response transactions based on the constructed two-tier alliance model. Figure 4 Low-voltage interactive response users include low-voltage users, aggregators, regulatory agencies, and power grid companies. All transaction information can be synchronously disseminated as node demand response information and stored in the nodes of the consortium blockchain and beacon chain. The synchronous dissemination mechanism and hybrid consensus mechanism can ensure effective data synchronization and guarantee the authenticity and reliability of the data.

[0063] It should be noted that synchronous diffusion and consensus can be achieved between different sub-sub ...

[0064] In addition, power incentive points will be awarded to the lightweight user group where the substation node undertakes cross-substation communication; cross-substation transaction refers to the two low-voltage users in the transaction being in different substations; if the two parties in the transaction are determined to be in different substations, the transaction request will be initiated by the CrossNode in their respective substations; since transactions in different substations are asynchronous, it is necessary to achieve data synchronization across substations; in addition, cross-substation transactions must guarantee the atomicity of the transaction.

[0065] Step 104: After completing the user demand response transaction, calculate the response business strength of each target area in the consortium blockchain, as well as the user credit value of each low-voltage user.

[0066] Further, step 104 includes:

[0067] After completing the user demand response transaction, the user credit value of the low-voltage user is settled according to the performance and the pre-set RP incentive model;

[0068] The response value of each target distribution area node to electricity demand is statistically analyzed to obtain the response strength of the service.

[0069] The entire transaction process can be divided into five stages: user registration, information dissemination, transaction matching, transaction settlement, and price incentives. The information dissemination stage includes the power grid company issuing demand response signals, collecting low-voltage user information, and verifying the seller's demand response eligibility. The transaction matching stage includes aggregators calculating electricity consumption, profit, and benefits for transaction matching, and the actions taken by low-voltage users after confirming transaction details. The transaction settlement stage includes low-voltage users confirming the transaction, aggregators collecting confirmation results, and settling the low-voltage user's transaction credit value. The price incentive stage includes settling the amount involved in the demand response transaction, making subsequent adjustments based on the user's credit value, and cutting off power to low-voltage users whose credit value reaches the power outage threshold.

[0070] It should be noted that, in addition to settlement models and constraints, the settlement phase of demand response transactions can also be used to determine whether users are fulfilling their obligations by comparing data obtained from low-voltage interactive response terminals with users' contracted electricity consumption data. This involves verifying user compliance to implement a price incentive mechanism, providing appropriate rewards to those who fulfill their obligations and penalties to those who default. Based on this mechanism, an RP price incentive model can be derived, and user credit scores are calculated using this model. The response strength refers to the response of the distribution nodes in the target area to demand response within the current cycle. User profiling of the nodes in this area can be conducted to improve the targeting of subsequent demand response mechanisms. Near the block issuance date, the power grid company will calculate the demand response strength of each region based on detailed information from the demand response reports and user feedback data within this block issuance cycle, thus determining the block-issuing distribution nodes in each area.

[0071] For ease of understanding, this embodiment presents the architecture of low-voltage user load demand response trading. This architecture includes a low-voltage adjustable capacity resource pool, trading rules, and a price incentive mechanism. Transaction matching and settlement, both aiming to maximize user and system benefits, constitute a two-layer bidding model. The bidding model comprises two layers: the upper layer corresponds to the transaction matching stage, aiming to maximize the benefits of all participating users; the lower layer corresponds to the settlement stage, aiming to minimize the grid company's costs. In the upper layer model, the aggregator calculates the contracted price and contracted load for both parties in the point-to-point transaction, providing a recommended strategy combination for low-voltage users under optimal system conditions. In the lower layer model, the grid adjusts the time-of-use electricity price based on the strategy combination of load and price from the upper layer to achieve demand response. The output of the lower layer model is the real-time electricity price, which is returned to the upper layer model. Low-voltage users can then adjust their strategy combination, i.e., contracted load and price. The upper layer model considers the constraints of communication costs, natural comfort factors, contracted and actual electricity load, and contracted and actual electricity prices to maximize the benefits of all users. The lower-level model considers the grid company's cost minimization objective under the constraint of the grid's marginal generation cost. Finally, in the settlement phase, data obtained from the low-voltage interactive response terminal is compared with the user's contracted electricity consumption data to determine whether the user has fulfilled their contractual obligations and to respond to the incentive mechanism.

[0072] Understandably, the transaction process is divided into intra-regional transactions and cross-regional transactions. Cross-regional transactions refer to transactions between low-voltage users who are not in the same region. If the two parties are determined to be located in different regions, the transaction request is initiated on the CrossNode within their respective regions.

[0073] Step 105: Configure incentive policies for responding to user needs based on the strength of the response business and the user's credit score, and optimize the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

[0074] Assume each user has an initial credit score of m (e.g., m = 200). For each successful transaction, the user is rewarded with n credit points (e.g., n = 2), and defaulting incurs a deduction of t credit points (e.g., t = 4). When a user's credit score exceeds a reward threshold E... high (For example, E) high =220) or below the penalty threshold E low (For example, E) low When the threshold is 190, users are rewarded and penalized accordingly. Specifically, for users whose threshold exceeds the reward threshold:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, Z reward q is the amount of the reward. max The reward discount rate is E, the user's credit score is Z, and the real-time electricity price is Z.

[0077] For users whose penalties fall below the threshold:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, Z punish As the penalty amount, g max The penalty discount rate.

[0080] In addition, users whose credit scores fall below the penalty threshold will also need to pay an additional penalty fee Z. extra :

[0081] Z extra =l extra ·(1-w req )·Z punish

[0082] Among them, l extra To determine the severity of the penalty for breach of contract, w req To the extent of fulfillment of the contract:

[0083]

[0084] Where 0 < γ < 1, the degree of fulfillment w req ∈(0,1), where V represents the user's actual electricity load. should The electricity load that the user should fulfill.

[0085] Following the aforementioned rewards and penalties, users' electricity prices will be related to the specific rewards or penalties applied during daily electricity use. (Z) reward and Z punish Together, represented as Z adjust The electricity price for a user's daily electricity consumption is expressed as Z. sale :

[0086]

[0087] This means that the real-time electricity price minus the bonus electricity price (or plus the penalty electricity price), plus the penalty for breach of contract, is the electricity price for the user's daily electricity consumption.

[0088] The response strength reflects the responsiveness of the distribution nodes within the distribution area to the business needs of the power grid company. Actively participating in the power grid's energy-saving incentive program, the higher the response value, the more incentive points, and the higher the credit proof, which relatively increases the probability of block production.

[0089] For ease of understanding, this application provides a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response system architecture. The system roles include low-voltage users, power grid companies, load aggregators, and regulatory agencies. Low-voltage users are the main participants in the transactions. Power grid companies are primarily responsible for decision-making aspects such as electricity pricing and smart contract development. Load aggregators are responsible for aggregating user demand response information. Regulatory agencies supervise and manage the entire process. The system architecture can be divided into a hardware layer, a core layer, and an application layer. Please refer to [link / reference] for details. Figure 5 The system as a whole is based on a consortium two-layer chain structure. It is a reliable transaction data synchronization mechanism based on sharding and a user low-load demand response transaction system, which constitutes an adjustable load resource trusted transaction architecture based on a lightweight blockchain synchronization network diffusion mechanism.

[0090] In the system architecture, low-voltage households use low-voltage interactive response terminal devices to manage their household electricity consumption, joining the consortium blockchain as lightweight nodes. Considering the large number of low-voltage users in the power grid and the considerable amount of data involved in various electricity load transactions and incentive response services, if only one main chain is designed, all nodes would need to broadcast to the entire network to reach consensus before successfully adding data to the main chain. This would not only consume a large amount of regional computing resources but also affect data transmission efficiency.

[0091] Please see Figure 5 The specific descriptions of the hardware layer, core layer, and application layer in the system architecture are as follows:

[0092] The hardware layer primarily consists of smart home appliances, gateways, low-voltage interactive response terminals, distribution area nodes, and the main station. The main control chip inside the smart gateway uploads collected data such as voltage, current, power consumption, appliance on / off times, and appliance status to the terminals. Considering hardware storage and performance limitations, the low-voltage interactive response terminal only stores electricity usage information relevant to its own household and joins the consortium blockchain of its respective distribution area as a lightweight node. Overall, user transaction and electricity usage data are synchronously disseminated from the low-voltage interactive response terminals to the distribution area nodes within that area. Each distribution area node manages multiple low-voltage interactive response terminal devices, each terminal device is bound to each user, and finally, the data is synchronously disseminated from the distribution area nodes to all nodes of the main station.

[0093] Core Layer: The core layer comprises a lightweight, two-layer consortium blockchain. Within this layer, three main entities play a role: load aggregators, power grid companies, and regulatory bodies. Load aggregators are responsible for aggregating demand response information from low-voltage users; power grid companies are primarily responsible for decision-making regarding electricity pricing and smart contract development; and regulatory bodies supervise and manage the entire transaction process and the operation of the power grid blockchain. When the power grid company has new electricity consumption data to release, it will broadcast the service information via the blockchain network. The data is simultaneously disseminated to the low-voltage interactive response terminals of every low-voltage user, and then fed back to the user through a mobile low-voltage interactive response app. Similarly, when users conduct transactions, the information must be uploaded to the main chain. The main chain integrates transaction and electricity consumption data over a period of time and broadcasts it to the entire network. Throughout this process, regulatory bodies can readily access and trace relevant transaction data to meet user needs, ensuring the security of on-chain data.

[0094] Application Layer: The Low-Voltage Interactive Response App receives interactive response requests from the power grid company, collects and reports user bidding response information, and enables functions such as low-voltage user interactive response business processing, interactive response strategy generation, user management, data querying, and display. When a low-voltage user connects to the blockchain network, they generate their own unique user code. Through the Low-Voltage Interactive Response App, they control the low-voltage interactive response terminals installed in their homes, thereby meeting various business needs such as demand response transactions within the same or different transformer substations. For example, if a low-voltage user is working overtime tonight, resulting in a lower household electricity load during that time period, this situation is reported to the system. The system then issues invitation information, allocating electricity to other low-voltage users who successfully bid, and rewards or penalizes users based on their performance, thus alleviating peak electricity demand pressure on the entire power grid. Users can view their own on-chain historical data, which cannot be modified or deleted. However, to protect the privacy of each low-voltage user, users cannot view the on-chain data of others. When a new block is produced in the power grid blockchain, the network receives a substantial block reward, known as electricity incentive points. These points are managed centrally by the power grid company. Low-voltage users can participate in compensation notifications issued by the power supplier to induce load reduction, rationally allocating their peak electricity consumption ranges, reducing load, and responding to power supply to ensure grid stability. On the other hand, combining the incentive compatibility requirements of the new energy electric vehicle internet, electric vehicle batteries are used as distributed energy storage systems. They discharge during peak grid loads and charge during off-peak periods, balancing peak energy loads, reducing resource supply fluctuations, and achieving smart energy dispatch and commercial use. Furthermore, photovoltaic new energy technology enables self-consumption of photovoltaic power generation, with surplus electricity available for low-voltage users to sell back to the power grid company. Each low-voltage user will have a credit score for their account. Maintaining a high credit score can be achieved by actively responding to energy-saving incentive programs, accurately reporting electricity consumption information, and honestly engaging in inter-user electricity resource transactions. Reliable users with high credit scores will receive more preferential benefits, while users with low credit scores will not only have their credit records affected but may also have their daily electricity consumption impacted.

[0095] The low-voltage user demand response method based on blockchain provided in this application uses a distributed ledger to ensure data transparency, openness, and immutability, preventing false or erroneous accounting in power demand response operations and guaranteeing data authenticity and reliability. The consortium two-layer chain model, with its two-layer chain structure, achieves decentralized autonomy, offering high efficiency and better meeting practical application needs. Furthermore, the synchronization diffusion mechanism and hybrid consensus mechanism enable the synchronization of sharded transaction data, further ensuring data authenticity and reliability during transmission. Moreover, appropriate optimized incentive policies can encourage users to actively participate in demand response transactions, achieving rational scheduling of power resources and alleviating grid supply pressure. Therefore, this application embodiment can solve the technical problems of existing technologies lacking autonomous stability in user load management and lacking authenticity and reliability in data transmission, resulting in poor performance of demand response mechanisms.

[0096] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 2 This application provides an embodiment of a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response device, comprising:

[0097] The consortium blockchain construction module 201 is used to divide low-voltage users into target areas according to different regions based on the area nodes, and to build a consortium blockchain with the area as the unit. The area nodes manage multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple area nodes.

[0098] The association building module 202 is used to establish the association between the consortium blockchain and the beacon chain to obtain the consortium two-layer chain model; the beacon chain includes multiple master site full nodes;

[0099] The demand response module 203 is used to conduct user demand response transactions based on the consortium two-layer chain model, and to realize the synchronization of node demand response information according to the synchronization diffusion mechanism and the hybrid consensus mechanism.

[0100] The interactive computing module 204 is used to calculate the response business strength of each target station in the consortium blockchain and the user credit value of each low-voltage user after completing the user demand response transaction.

[0101] The mechanism optimization module 205 is used to configure incentive policies for responding to user needs based on the strength of the response business and the user's credit value, thereby optimizing the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

[0102] Furthermore, the consortium blockchain building module 201 is specifically used for:

[0103] The node area is divided according to the transformer substation to which the low-voltage user belongs, and the target transformer substation to which the transformer substation belongs;

[0104] Consensus relationships are established between nodes in the same power distribution zone to form a consortium blockchain based on power distribution zones. Each power distribution zone node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple power distribution zone nodes.

[0105] Furthermore, the demand response module 203 is specifically used for:

[0106] Based on the consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are carried out. Through low-pressure interactive response users, the node demand response information is synchronously diffused to the transformer area nodes according to the synchronous diffusion mechanism. This triggers the transformer area nodes to reach a consensus with the low-pressure users in their respective transformer areas based on the hybrid consensus mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the consortium chain.

[0107] The node demand response information is synchronously diffused to all nodes of the main station through the synchronous diffusion mechanism of the transformer area node, and the node demand response information is stored in the beacon chain.

[0108] Furthermore, the interactive computing module 204 is specifically used for:

[0109] After completing the user demand response transaction, the user credit value of the low-voltage user is settled according to the performance and the pre-set RP incentive model;

[0110] The response value of each target distribution area node to electricity demand is statistically analyzed to obtain the response strength of the service.

[0111] This application also provides a blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response device, which includes a processor and a memory;

[0112] The memory is used to store program code and transfer the program code to the processor;

[0113] The processor is used to execute the blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method in the above method embodiments according to the instructions in the program code.

[0114] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for executing the blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method in the above method embodiments.

[0115] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0116] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0117] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0118] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for executing all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application through a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.). The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0119] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A low-pressure user demand response method based on blockchain, characterized in that, include: S1: Based on the transformer substation nodes, low-voltage users are divided into target transformer substations according to different regions, and a consortium blockchain is constructed with transformer substations as the unit. The transformer substation nodes manage multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple transformer substation nodes. Step S1 includes: The node area is divided according to the transformer substation to which the low-voltage user belongs, and the target transformer substation to which the transformer substation belongs; A consensus relationship is established between the nodes in the same power distribution area to form a consortium blockchain based on the power distribution area. Each power distribution area node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple power distribution area nodes. S2: Establish the association between the consortium blockchain and the beacon chain to obtain the consortium two-layer chain model; the beacon chain includes multiple master station full nodes; S3: Based on the aforementioned consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are performed, and node demand response information is synchronized according to the synchronization diffusion mechanism and the hybrid consensus mechanism. Step S3 includes: Based on the aforementioned consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are carried out. Through low-pressure interactive response, users synchronously diffuse node demand response information to the corresponding network nodes according to the synchronous diffusion mechanism. This triggers the network nodes to reach a consensus with the low-pressure users in their respective network zones based on a hybrid consensus mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the consortium chain. The node demand response information is synchronously diffused to all nodes of the master station through the synchronous diffusion mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the beacon chain. S4: After completing the user demand response transaction, calculate the response service strength of each target area in the consortium blockchain, and the user credit value of each low-voltage user. Step S4 includes: After completing the user demand response transaction, the user credit value of the low-voltage user is calculated based on the performance and the pre-set RP incentive model; The response value of each transformer node in the target transformer area to the electricity service demand is statistically analyzed to obtain the response service strength. S5: Configure incentive policies for responding to user needs based on the response service intensity and the user credit value, and optimize the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

2. A low-voltage user demand response device based on blockchain, characterized in that, include: The consortium blockchain construction module is used to divide low-voltage users into target areas according to different regions based on the substation nodes, and to construct a consortium blockchain with substations as the unit. Each substation node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple substation nodes. Specifically, the consortium blockchain construction module is used for: The node area is divided according to the transformer substation to which the low-voltage user belongs, and the target transformer substation to which the transformer substation belongs; A consensus relationship is established between the nodes in the same power distribution area to form a consortium blockchain based on the power distribution area. Each power distribution area node manages multiple low-voltage users, and the consortium blockchain includes multiple power distribution area nodes. The association construction module is used to establish the association relationship between the consortium chain and the beacon chain to obtain a consortium two-layer chain model; the beacon chain includes multiple master station full nodes; The demand response module is used to conduct user demand response transactions based on the aforementioned consortium two-layer chain model, and to synchronize node demand response information according to the synchronization diffusion mechanism and the hybrid consensus mechanism. Specifically, the demand response module is used for: Based on the aforementioned consortium two-layer chain model, user demand response transactions are carried out. Through low-pressure interactive response, users synchronously diffuse node demand response information to the corresponding network nodes according to the synchronous diffusion mechanism. This triggers the network nodes to reach a consensus with the low-pressure users in their respective network zones based on a hybrid consensus mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the consortium chain. The node demand response information is synchronously diffused to all nodes of the master station through the synchronous diffusion mechanism, and the node demand response information is stored in the beacon chain. The interactive calculation module is used to calculate the response service strength of each target area in the consortium blockchain and the user credit value of each low-voltage user after completing the user demand response transaction. Specifically, the interactive calculation module is used for: After completing the user demand response transaction, the user credit value of the low-voltage user is calculated based on the performance and the pre-set RP incentive model; The response value of each transformer node in the target transformer area to the electricity service demand is statistically analyzed to obtain the response service strength. The mechanism optimization module is used to configure incentive policies for user demand response based on the response service intensity and the user credit value, thereby optimizing the low-voltage user demand response mechanism.

3. A low-voltage user demand response device based on blockchain, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory; The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor; The processor is used to execute the blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method of claim 1 according to the instructions in the program code.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store program code for executing the blockchain-based low-voltage user demand response method of claim 1.

Images