A compact high-power microwave on-line measuring device

Abstract

The application discloses a compact high-power microwave on-line measuring device, which comprises a main waveguide, a sub waveguide and a coupling channel, the main waveguide is connected with the sub waveguide through the coupling channel, the main waveguide is a circular waveguide, the sub waveguide is a standard rectangular waveguide, the central axis of the main waveguide and the central axis of the sub waveguide are vertically arranged, and the coupling channel is a coupling hole array formed by a plurality of circular holes, and the connecting line between the midpoints of the adjacent circular holes is arranged obliquely relative to the central axis of the sub waveguide. The coupling hole array of the coupling channel is changed from the commonly used z-direction one-dimensional distribution hole to z-θ two-dimensional distribution, the axial size is significantly shortened while meeting the performance requirements of bandwidth, directivity, power capacity and the like, and the compactness of the device is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-power microwave online measurement technology, and in particular to a compact high-power microwave online measurement device. Background Technology

[0002] High-power microwave systems can generate strong electromagnetic pulses with peak power exceeding 100MW and frequencies ranging from 0.1GHz to 300GHz, attracting widespread attention and research worldwide. Directional couplers, passive microwave devices, have broad application potential in high-power microwave online measurement and diagnostics. Their main function is to distribute the energy transmitted in a microwave system according to a certain proportion, extracting a portion of the microwave energy for online measurement and real-time diagnostics using instruments such as oscilloscopes. With the development of microwave technology, the performance requirements for directional couplers are constantly increasing. Waveguide couplers have also evolved into various coupling forms, from single-hole coupling to multi-hole coupling, and from narrow-side coupling to wide-side coupling, to meet different requirements for coupling degree, bandwidth, and directionality. Traditional Betz-hole couplers have a simple structure, fewer parameters, and are relatively easy to design and manufacture, but their poor directionality and narrow operating bandwidth make them unsuitable for practical applications. Therefore, to broaden the operating frequency range of small-hole couplers, multi-hole coupling arrays can be used. Commonly used coupling array distribution forms include: equal-spacing distribution, binomial distribution, and Chebyshev distribution. While multi-aperture waveguide couplers significantly improve operating bandwidth, they also introduce problems such as longer waveguide coupler length, larger size, higher manufacturing precision, and higher insertion loss. Therefore, traditional waveguide coupling struggles to simultaneously achieve compact size, high coupling flatness, and sufficient bandwidth.

[0003] Bai Zhen et al. proposed a directional coupler (“X-band high-power microwave mode-selective directional coupler”, Bai Zhen, Li Guolin, Zhang Jun, *High Power Laser and Particle Beams*, 2013, No. 7). The main waveguide of this directional coupler is a circular waveguide, and the secondary waveguide is a BJ-70 standard rectangular waveguide. The main and secondary waveguides are connected by coupling apertures, with each set of coupling apertures having an equidistant Chebyshev distribution. The coupler has a center frequency of 9.4 GHz and provides high-power microwave mode selection for TM wavelengths within a 400 MHz bandwidth. 01 The mode has a coupling degree of -54dB and a directionality greater than 35dB. The design scheme adjusts the coupling degree by changing the spacing and size of the coupling holes.

[0004] The Chebyshev distributed aperture coupling method described above has good coupling performance, but its axial length is greater than 80cm, making it bulky and inconvenient to use. Traditional waveguide couplers mostly adopt multi-aperture coupling to obtain a wider operating bandwidth, and improve the flatness of the coupling by increasing the number of coupling apertures. However, this also results in the large size of traditional directional couplers, which is not conducive to practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a compact high-power microwave on-line measuring device with a small axial dimension, high power, and good coupling degree.

[0006] To solve the above technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A compact high-power microwave on-line measuring device includes a main waveguide, a sub-waveguide, and a coupling channel. The main waveguide is connected to the sub-waveguide through the coupling channel. The main waveguide is a circular waveguide, and the sub-waveguide is a standard rectangular waveguide. The central axis of the main waveguide and the central axis of the sub-waveguide are perpendicularly arranged. The coupling channel is a coupling hole array composed of a plurality of circular holes, and the connecting line between the midpoints of adjacent circular holes is inclined with respect to the central axis of the sub-waveguide.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0009] The compact high-power microwave on-line measuring device further includes a turning waveguide and an output waveguide. The output waveguide is connected to the sub-waveguide through the turning waveguide. [[ID=??]]

[0010] The rectangular waveguide is a standard rectangular waveguide with a wide-side dimension of a and a narrow-side dimension of b, satisfying a > b; the radius of the circular hole is r, the vertical distance between the midpoints of adjacent circular holes in the direction along the central axis of the main waveguide is D1, the vertical distance between the midpoints of adjacent circular holes in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the sub-waveguide is D2, and the transmission cavity length L2 of the sub-waveguide satisfies 2r < D1 < a - r, 2r < D2 < L2 - r. In some embodiments, D1 = 30 mm and D2 = 10 mm. [[ID=2??]]

[0011] The height T of the circular hole is 8 mm.

[0012] The circular hole is a small hole with a rounded corner.

[0013] [[ID=2??]]The transmission cavity length of the main waveguide is L1, satisfying L1 > a. In some embodiments, the transmission cavity length L1 of the main waveguide is 50 mm. [[ID=?]]<00000??>Satisfying L2 > D2 + 2×r. In some embodiments, the transmission cavity length L2 of the sub-waveguide is 60 mm.

[0015] The turning angle of the turning waveguide is 90 degrees.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] It seems there are some minor formatting or numbering issues in the original text which might be causing some confusion in the translation. I've done my best to translate it accurately based on the provided rules. If you have any further clarifications or corrections regarding the original text, please let me know.Compared with traditional high-power microwave online measurement devices, the online measurement device of this invention has an inclined connection between the midpoints of adjacent circular holes relative to the central axis of the sub-waveguide. This changes the coupling hole array of the coupling channel from a commonly used one-dimensional distribution in the z-direction to a two-dimensional distribution in the z-θ direction. Within the operating frequency band (9.85GHz-10.15GHz), it achieves a coupling degree of -58dB and a directivity of 20dB. While meeting performance requirements such as bandwidth, directivity, and power capacity, it significantly shortens the axial dimension of the high-power directional coupler, achieving device compactness. While meeting the diagnostic requirements of relativistic klystron amplifiers, it greatly reduces their axial dimension (the minimum axial dimension can reach 50mm) while maintaining a large power capacity (in the GW range). Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an online measurement device in the prior art.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 Top view of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 Left view of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 Front view of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 The coupling degree obtained by the simulation of the measuring device of this invention.

[0024] Figure 7 The directionality obtained from the simulation of the measuring device of this invention.

[0025] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Main waveguide; 2. Sub-waveguide; 3. Coupler channel; 31. Circular aperture; 4. Turning waveguide; 5. Output waveguide. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or materials used in the present invention are commercially available.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] Input signal mode: Circular waveguide™ 01 Mode; Operating frequency band: X-band (9.85GHz-10.15GHz);

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, the compact high-power microwave on-line measurement device of this embodiment includes a main waveguide 1, a sub-waveguide 2, and a coupling channel 3. The main waveguide 1 is connected to the sub-waveguide 2 through the coupling channel 3. The main waveguide 1 is a circular waveguide, and the sub-waveguide 2 is a standard rectangular waveguide. The central axis of the main waveguide 1 and the central axis of the sub-waveguide 2 are perpendicularly arranged. The coupling channel 3 is a coupling hole array composed of multiple round holes 31. The connection line between the midpoints of adjacent round holes 31 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the sub-waveguide 2. In the present invention, the existing round holes 31 are changed from one-dimensional hole distribution to two-dimensional. Along the dz (L1 direction), the distribution of the round holes 31 on the axis of the main waveguide 1 and the positional relationship between the round holes 31 and the narrow side of the sub-waveguide 2 can be adjusted simultaneously. dθ (L2) adjusts the distribution on the axis of the sub-waveguide 2, providing sufficient adjustable variables for the design of coupling degree, isolation degree, and bandwidth, and achieving the performance of a six-hole directional coupler with the axial length of the original single hole.

[0030] In this embodiment, the main waveguide 1 is a circular waveguide with a radius ΦR of 70 mm, and the size of R is equal to the output radius of the relativistic klystron amplifier.

[0031] The standard rectangular waveguide is a standard rectangular waveguide with a wide-side dimension of a and a narrow-side dimension of b, satisfying a > b, and its size is related to the operating frequency of the relativistic klystron amplifier. In this embodiment, the sub-waveguide 2 is an X-band standard rectangular waveguide BJ-100, with a × b = 22.86 mm × 10.16 mm.

[0032] The coupling channel 2 is arranged on the common wall between the main waveguide 1 and the sub-waveguide 2.

[0033] The compact high-power microwave on-line measurement device further includes a turning waveguide 4 and an output waveguide 5. The output waveguide 5 is connected to the sub-waveguide 2 through the turning waveguide 4. [[ID=!13]]

[0034] The radius of the round hole 31 is r (generally greater than 3 mm to avoid breakdown during high-power use). The vertical distance between the midpoints of adjacent round holes 31 in the direction along the central axis of the main waveguide 1 is D1, 2r < D1 < a - r. The vertical distance between the midpoints of adjacent round holes 31 in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the sub-waveguide 2 is D2, and the transmission cavity length L2 of the sub-waveguide 2 satisfies 2r < D1 < a - r, 2r < D2 < L2 - r <!

[0035] The height T of the round hole 31 is 8 mm. The selection of this size is related to the requirement of the coupling degree, and it is linearly related to the coupling degree in the first order.

[0036] In this embodiment, the coupling channel 3 is provided with a coupling hole array consisting of two circular holes 31: the diameter ΦM of each circular hole 31 is 8mm, D1 is 30mm, D2 is 10mm, and the height T of the circular hole 31 is 8mm; the hole size, hole height, and hole distribution affect the coupling degree and directionality of the coupler. Coupling is provided through the circular holes 31, and the two wave components excited by the circular holes 31 can cancel each other outwards.

[0037] Hole 31 is a small hole with rounded corners. The rounded corners prevent the electric field strength from being too high.

[0038] The transmission cavity length (i.e., the axial dimension of the device) of the main waveguide 1 is L1, which satisfies L1>a. In this embodiment, the transmission cavity length L1 of the main waveguide 1 is 50mm.

[0039] L2>D2+2×r. In this embodiment, the transmission cavity length L2 of the sub-waveguide 2 is 60mm.

[0040] The turning angle of the turning waveguide 4 is 90 degrees. The turning waveguide 4 changes the direction of energy propagation in the sub-waveguide, facilitating connection to an external detection system. In this embodiment, the radius of the turning waveguide 4 is 10 mm.

[0041] Figure 6 The figure shows the coupling coefficient obtained from the simulation of the compact waveguide coupler. As can be seen from the figure, the coupling coefficient of this compact broadband rectangular waveguide coupler is -58dB within the operating bandwidth of 9.85GHz-10.15GHz, and the fluctuation of the coupling coefficient within the bandwidth is within 0.5dB, which shows the excellent performance and wide operating bandwidth of the coupler.

[0042] Figure 7 The isolation of the compact waveguide coupler shows that the directivity is greater than 20dB within a 300MHz bandwidth. The waveguide coupler of this invention combines superior performance and a wide operating bandwidth with a simple and compact structure, making it highly valuable for application and promotion.

[0043] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compact high-power microwave online measurement device, comprising a main waveguide (1), a secondary waveguide (2), and a coupling channel (3), wherein the main waveguide (1) is connected to the secondary waveguide (2) through the coupling channel (3), the main waveguide (1) is a circular waveguide, and the secondary waveguide (2) is a standard rectangular waveguide, characterized in that: The central axis of the main waveguide (1) and the central axis of the sub-waveguide (2) are set perpendicularly. The coupling channel (3) is a coupling hole array composed of two circular holes (31). The line connecting the midpoints of the circular holes (31) is set at an inclination relative to the central axis of the sub-waveguide (2). The distribution of the circular holes (31) on the axis of the main waveguide (1) and the positional relationship between the circular holes (31) and the narrow side of the sub-waveguide (2) are adjusted simultaneously along the transmission cavity length direction of the main waveguide (1). The distribution on the axis of the sub-waveguide (2) is adjusted along the transmission cavity length direction of the sub-waveguide (2).

2. The online measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compact high-power microwave online measurement device also includes a turning waveguide (4) and an output waveguide (5), wherein the output waveguide (5) is connected to the sub-waveguide (2) through the turning waveguide (4).

3. The online measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular waveguide is a standard rectangular waveguide with a wide side dimension of a and a narrow side dimension of b, satisfying a>b; the radius of the circular aperture (31) is r, the vertical distance between the midpoints of adjacent circular apertures (31) along the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the main waveguide (1) is D1, the vertical distance between the midpoints of adjacent circular apertures (31) along the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the sub-waveguide (2) is D2, and the transmission cavity length L2 of the sub-waveguide (2) satisfies 2r <D2<a-r,2r<D1<L2-r。 4. The online measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circular hole (31) is a small hole with rounded corners.

5. The online measuring device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The transmission cavity length of the main waveguide (1) is L1, which satisfies L1>a.

6. The online measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The condition L2 > D1 + 2 × r is satisfied.

7. The online measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The turning angle of the turning waveguide (4) is 90 degrees.

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