A heterogeneous array with circular polarization, wide-angle scanning, and omnidirectional coverage

Abstract

This invention discloses a heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage, comprising a dielectric substrate, a metal surface A, a metal surface B, a top element, side elements, and a feed probe A. The top and side elements are connected to the dielectric substrate, and the six side elements are all connected to the metal surface A via the feed probe B. The metal surface A is connected to the dielectric substrate, and the metal surface B is connected to the metal surface A. This invention features a small number of antenna elements, a small size, low manufacturing cost, and the ability to perform circularly polarized wide-angle scanning in any azimuth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, and particularly relates to a heterogeneous array with circular polarization, wide-angle scanning and all-round coverage. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless technologies such as satellite communication and remote sensing, the application of circularly polarized antennas is becoming increasingly widespread because they can significantly reduce polarization mismatch between transmitting and receiving antennas. For example, in the field of satellite communication, circular polarization is used to overcome mobility problems and minimize multipath effects. On the other hand, wide-angle scanning antennas are also widely used in various applications, such as satellite phones and television.

[0003] Therefore, with the development of 5G technology, circularly polarized wide-angle scanning arrays have been widely used. However, existing circularly polarized wide-angle scanning array antennas suffer from poor left-handed circularly polarized wide-angle scanning performance. For example, the circularly polarized wide-angle scanning ME dipole antenna phased array proposed by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in Chengdu in 2017. In addition, existing circularly polarized wide-angle scanning array antennas suffer from large array size and high array cost. For example, the wide-axis ratio scanning broadband circularly polarized phased array antenna system proposed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 2022. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage, thus solving the aforementioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a heterogeneous array with circular polarization wide-angle scanning and all-round coverage, including a dielectric substrate, a metal surface A, a metal surface B, a top unit, a side unit, and a feed probe A. The top unit and the side unit are all connected to the dielectric substrate, and the six side units are all connected to the feed probe B that penetrates the metal surface A. The metal surface A is connected to the dielectric substrate, and the metal surface B is connected to the metal surface A.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0007] Further technical solution: The metal surface A is in the shape of a hollow frustum, the dielectric substrate is in the shape of a frustum, the metal surface B is fixedly connected to the large radius end of the metal surface A as the ground of the top unit, the metal surface A is located inside the dielectric substrate and the small radius end of the metal surface A is connected to the small radius end of the dielectric substrate.

[0008] Further technical solution: The top unit is a cross dipole, one arm of the cross dipole and the parasitic fan-shaped patch are printed on the outer side of the small aperture radius end of the dielectric substrate, the other arm of the cross dipole is printed on the inner side of the small aperture radius end of the dielectric substrate, and the feed probe A is connected to the cross dipole and located inside the metal surface A.

[0009] Further technical solution: The side unit is based on a dipole structure and each arm of the side unit is a rectangular ring containing a parasitic ring. The two arms of the side unit are printed on the inner and outer surfaces of the side of the dielectric substrate, respectively. All six rectangular rings are connected to the feed probe B that penetrates the metal surface A.

[0010] Further technical solution: The material of the dielectric substrate is white photosensitive resin, model C-UV 9400E.

[0011] Further technical solution: The dielectric constant of the substrate is 3, the loss tangent is 0.05, the radius is 75 mm, the height is 47 mm, and the thickness of the top and side is 1 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively.

[0012] A further technical solution: the small opening radius of metal surface A is 30 mm and the large opening radius is 58 mm, and the radius of metal surface B is 43 mm.

[0013] A further technical solution: The dielectric substrate is manufactured using 3D printing.

[0014] Beneficial effects

[0015] This invention provides a heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0016] 1. The circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and all-round coverage heterogeneous array proposed in this invention is suitable for micro base station systems and can cover the 3500-3600MHz frequency band used by China Unicom's 5G trial.

[0017] 2. This invention adopts the concept of heterogeneous antenna elements, using 7 antenna elements. By placing circularly polarized receiving antennas with the same resonant frequency in the far field of the array, and based on the maximum power transmission efficiency method, the amplitude and phase of the seven feed ports are changed to achieve left-hand circularly polarized wide-angle scanning of any azimuth plane, and good circular polarization performance can still be maintained when the beam pointing is ±60°. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top unit and side unit of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top unit of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 The simulated reflection coefficient |S of the circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array of this invention. 11 |and|S 22 |Image.

[0022] Figure 5 The simulation results of the circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array of the present invention at 3.5 GHz are shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure label annotations: 1. Metal surface A; 2. Metal surface B; 3. Dielectric substrate; 4. Top unit; 5. Side unit; 6. Feed probe A; 7. Feed probe B. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-3 This invention provides an embodiment of a heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage, comprising a dielectric substrate 3, and further comprising: a metal surface A1, a metal surface B2, a top unit 4, a side unit 5, and a feed probe A6. The top unit 4 and the side unit are both connected to the dielectric substrate 3. The metal surface A1 is in the shape of a hollow frustum. The dielectric substrate 3 is 3D printed and is frustum-shaped. The metal surface B2 is located within the metal surface A1 and is fixedly connected to the metal surface A1, serving as the ground plane of the top unit 4. The metal surface A1 is located within the dielectric substrate 3, and one end of the metal surface A1 with a small radius is connected to one end of the dielectric substrate 3 with a small radius. The top unit 4 is a cross dipole. One arm of the cross dipole and the parasitic fan-shaped patch are printed on the outer side of the small-radius end of the dielectric substrate 3, and the other arm of the cross dipole is printed on the inner side of the small-radius end of the dielectric substrate 3. There are 6 side units 5 evenly distributed on the side of the dielectric substrate 3. The side units 5 are based on the dipole structure and each arm of the side unit 5 is a rectangular ring containing a parasitic ring. The two arms of the side unit 5 are respectively printed on the inner and outer surfaces of the side of the dielectric substrate 3. The feed probe A6 is connected to the cross dipole and is located inside the metal surface A1. The feed probe A6 penetrates the metal panel B2. The six rectangular rings are all connected to the feed probe B7 that penetrates the metal surface A1.

[0027] Specifically, the material of the dielectric substrate 3 is a white photosensitive resin, model C-UV 9400E.

[0028] Specifically, the substrate 3 has a dielectric constant of 3, a loss tangent of 0.05, a radius of 75 mm, a height of 47 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm on the top and 1.5 mm on the sides.

[0029] Specifically, the small opening radius of the metal surface A1 is 30 mm, and the large opening radius is 58 mm;

[0030] Specifically, the radius of the metal surface B2 is 43 millimeters.

[0031] This invention uses two types of left-handed circularly polarized units to form an array. The top unit 4 ensures that the array has a high gain, while the side unit 5 ensures that the size of the array is not too large. With the combined action of the seven units, circularly polarized wide-angle scanning of any orientation plane is achieved.

[0032] Taking China Unicom's 5G trial frequency bands as an example, such as Figure 4 The simulated reflection coefficient |S of the circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array of this invention. 11 |and|S 22 The figure shows that the array's operating bandwidth can effectively cover China Unicom's 5G trial frequency bands. Figure 5 The figure shows the simulation results of the circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array of the present invention at 3.5 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, when the scanning angle is θ = 40°, the maximum left-hand circular polarization gain of the array at Φ = 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° are 10.1, 10.2, 10.1, and 10.4 dBic, respectively. When the array is further scanned to θ = ±60°, the left-hand circular polarization gain is still greater than 8.4 dBic. During the scanning process, the gain fluctuation does not exceed 1.8 dB, and the axial ratio value at any scanning angle is less than 2.2 dB. The heterogeneous array proposed in this invention can achieve wide axial ratio scanning at a center frequency of 3.5 GHz.

[0033] Taking China Unicom's 5G trial frequency band as an example, the working frequency band of the circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array designed in this invention covers China Unicom's 5G trial frequency band.

[0034] The circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array of the present invention provides stable communication and enables circularly polarized wide-angle scanning in any azimuth plane using only 7 antenna elements.

[0035] The circularly polarized wide-angle scanning heterogeneous array of this invention can effectively avoid polarization mismatch, and the communication quality with the outside world will not be affected when the antenna position changes. Compared with other circularly polarized wide-angle scanning arrays, this invention has fewer elements and a smaller size, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as A and B are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage, comprising a dielectric substrate (3), characterized in that, It also includes a metal surface A (1), a metal surface B (2), a top unit (4), a side unit (5), and a power supply probe A (6). The top unit (4) and the side unit (5) are both connected to the dielectric substrate (3). The six side units (5) are all connected to the power supply probe B (7) that penetrates the metal surface A (1). The metal surface A (1) is connected to the dielectric substrate (3), and the metal surface B (2) is connected to the metal surface A (1). The top unit (4) is a cross dipole. One arm of the cross dipole and the parasitic fan-shaped patch are printed on the outer side of the small aperture radius end of the dielectric substrate (3). The other arm of the cross dipole is printed on the inner side of the small aperture radius end of the dielectric substrate (3). The power supply probe A (6) is connected to the cross dipole and is located inside the metal surface A (1). The power supply probe A (6) penetrates the metal surface B (2).

2. The heterogeneous array with circular polarization wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal surface A (1) is in the shape of a hollow frustum, the dielectric substrate (3) is in the shape of a frustum, the metal surface B (2) is located inside the metal surface A (1) and is fixedly connected to the metal surface A (1) as the ground of the top unit (4), the metal surface A (1) is located inside the dielectric substrate (3) and one end of the small radius of the metal surface A (1) is connected to one end of the small radius of the dielectric substrate (3).

3. The heterogeneous array with circular polarization wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side unit (5) is based on a dipole structure and each arm of the side unit (5) is a rectangular ring containing a parasitic ring. The two arms of the side unit (5) are printed on the inner and outer surfaces of the side of the dielectric substrate (3), and the six rectangular rings are connected to the feed probe B (7) that penetrates the metal surface A (1).

4. The heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (3) is made of white photosensitive resin, model C-UV9400E.

5. The heterogeneous array with circular polarization wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (3) has a dielectric constant of 3, a loss tangent of 0.05, a radius of 75 mm, a height of 47 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm on the top and 1.5 mm on the side.

6. The heterogeneous array with circularly polarized wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage according to claim 5, characterized in that, The small opening radius of the metal surface A(1) is 30 mm and the large opening radius is 58 mm, and the radius of the metal surface B(2) is 43 mm.

7. The heterogeneous array with circular polarization wide-angle scanning and omnidirectional coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (3) is 3D printed.

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