Oral cleaning and / or treatment device and method of configuring the same

Abstract

An oral cleaning and / or treatment device, comprising electrodes for transmitting RF energy to provide oral cleaning and / or treatment functions. The device includes a cleaning unit for being accommodated in the oral cavity, the cleaning unit including at least a first protruding member and a second protruding member, the first protruding member and the second protruding member protruding away from a base or a support structure in the same general direction. Each member includes one or more electrodes or conductive elements for transmitting RF energy. The device generates an RF field in the space between and around the electrodes by driving the electrodes with an RF signal generator. The device includes a mechanical or electrical device for changing the generated RF field pattern (e.g., spatial intensity distribution) between different settings. In particular, the device can be configured into at least two modes or settings, each mode or setting being associated with a different corresponding field pattern or spatial intensity distribution. This is valuable for adapting the cleaning function to different desired purposes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an oral cleaning and / or treatment device and a method for configuring the operating settings of the device, and in particular to an oral cleaning device that uses electromagnetic energy for cleaning and / or treatment functions. Background Art

[0002] Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation can be used to provide a cleaning function in the oral cavity. In particular, an oral cleaning device may include a cleaning unit, such as a head, for insertion into the oral cavity of a user, the cleaning unit portion including one or more electrodes or coils connected to an RF drive signal generator. The signal generator drives the electrode or coil using an RF signal generator, which causes the generation of an RF alternating field.

[0003] When the RF field interacts with the surfaces of the teeth and gums, it provides a cleaning function by changing the surface properties of the surfaces in the mouth. In particular, the RF field generated in this way can remove dental plaque as well as calculus. It can also reduce tooth staining.

[0004] US 10201701 B2 describes a prior art electric toothbrush. The toothbrush comprises a platen, an RF generator, two RF electrodes and a dielectric barrier in the form of a silicone strip located between the two RF electrodes. The toothbrush also comprises bristles. The height of the dielectric barrier extends to a level close to the distal end of the bristles. The barrier forces the RF field generated between the electrodes to extend to the top of the barrier, thereby reaching the area where the bristles engage with the surface of the teeth and gums during use. In this way, the barrier is believed to shape the RF field to bring it closer to the tooth or gum surface.

[0005] The distal ends of the bristles rub the tooth surface in a generally mechanical manner to clean the teeth, while at the same time, the RF electrodes transmit an RF field that provides an enhanced cleaning or tissue treatment function on the same surface being brushed at the level of the distal ends of the bristles.

[0006] Developments are generally sought in the field of RF oral cleaning devices. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention is defined by the independent claim. The dependent claims define advantageous embodiments.

[0008] The inventors have recognized that one of the shortcomings of existing RF-based oral cleaning devices is that the RF field generated by the device is uniform, and a substantially uniform RF field shape and intensity is applied at every location in the oral cavity. However, for many oral cleaning or treatment applications, it would be useful to be able to change the field shape so that, for example, a high-intensity locally focused RF field (e.g., having a high local field strength gradient) can be used to treat a localized area of ​​calculus. Such fields can better dissolve minerals and improve cleaning results. For example, a locally high field gradient can cause locally varying surface properties, which can promote the removal of surface impurities. However, focused fields are less efficient for general tooth cleaning purposes because they can only treat a small, highly localized area at any one time, i.e., the field shape has a smaller electromagnetic field footprint.

[0009] According to an example according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oral cleaning and / or treatment device, the device comprising:

[0010] A cleaning unit comprising: a supporting body, two or more protruding members, each protruding member extending outwardly from a supporting surface of the supporting body and each protruding member comprising one or more electrodes, the protruding members being spaced apart from each other; and

[0011] a radio frequency (RF) generator arranged to supply one or more drive signals to or between the electrodes of the two or more projecting members according to a drive scheme so as to induce an RF alternating field in an area around and / or between the projecting members to provide an oral cleaning function;

[0012] The oral cleaning and / or treatment device is adapted to be selectively configured into at least two different modes, each mode being arranged to generate an RF field having a different spatial intensity distribution, wherein switching between the modes comprises controlling a change in the position or motion pattern of the protruding member, or comprises controlling a change in one or more characteristics of the drive signal or the drive scheme.

[0013] Embodiments of the present invention are based on providing an RF energy based oral cleaning or treatment device with an adjustable RF field (e.g. with an adjustable intensity distribution). Depending on the intended application, the mode of the device can be changed, thereby changing the RF field shape or pattern generated by the device and changing the spatial distribution of the RF energy delivered by the device. This changes the cleaning characteristics of the device, allowing the device to adapt between, for example, localized higher intensity energy delivery and more dispersed lower intensity energy delivery. Therefore, this provides greater flexibility in the cleaning function of the device.

[0014] The drive signal from the RF generator may be an alternating (AC) drive signal.

[0015] In at least the first mode, the RF field may have a first spatial intensity distribution. In at least the second mode, the RF field may have a second spatial intensity distribution.

[0016] The patterns are predetermined or predefined or preprogrammed patterns, each pattern corresponding to a predefined field spatial intensity distribution. The patterns are for example discrete patterns.

[0017] The apparatus may comprise a controller adapted to selectively control a mode of the apparatus.

[0018] In some embodiments, the device may include an actuator operable to control the position or movement pattern of the protruding member. The actuator may be operatively coupled to the controller,

[0019] In some embodiments, the controller may be adapted to configure the mode based on controlling the actuator. Additionally or alternatively, the controller may be adapted to configure the mode based on controlling the RF generator (to effect a change in a characteristic of the drive signal or drive scheme).

[0020] More specifically, in some embodiments, the device may also include a controller, which is suitable for enabling selective switching between the modes, wherein the controller is suitable for switching between the modes based on the following items: controlling the actuator to control the change of the position or movement pattern of the protruding member; and / or controlling the RF generator to achieve a change in the characteristics of the drive signal or the drive scheme.

[0021] The controller can selectively control switching between modes based on (e.g., in response to) a control signal from a user interface such as a control button. Thus, switching can be triggered by a user-actuated control signal. In other examples, switching can be automatically triggered, for example, based on an internal control signal or a functional signal (e.g., a signal from a timing or scheduling module) or an output from a sensor.

[0022] For example, according to one or more embodiments, a high intensity local cleaning mode can be provided, wherein the generated RF field includes a relatively small high intensity area located around the area of ​​each protruding member. In addition, a wider area general cleaning mode can also be provided, which generates an RF field with a lower intensity, wherein the energy is spread over a wider spatial area.

[0023] Each mode may be arranged to generate an RF field having a different time-averaged spatial intensity distribution over a defined time window.

[0024] Thus, at least the first mode may be configured to generate a first time-averaged spatial intensity distribution, and at least the second mode may be configured to generate a second time-averaged spatial intensity distribution.

[0025] The spatial intensity distribution in one or more patterns may be time dependent (varies as a function of time). Thus, in such cases, the spatial intensity distribution may be a time averaged spatial intensity distribution. The spatial intensity distribution may vary periodically, and the time window may be the duration of one period or cycle of the periodic variation.

[0026] In the first mode of the device, the spatial intensity distribution is more spatially uniform over the area containing the protruding members than in the second mode.

[0027] Here, the RF energy field is more spatially distributed in the first mode than in the second mode. For example, the time-averaged spatial intensity distribution may be more spatially uniform than the distribution in the second mode.

[0028] A more spatially uniform field in the first mode can mean that the average gradient of the field over a defined area or volume or the maximum gradient of the field is lower than in the first mode. For example, the average or maximum field gradient over an area spanning the support surface of the support body can be lower. In some examples, the average or maximum field gradient can be lower over an area having boundaries defined or bounded by the positions of the protruding members, in their resting position or in their maximum deflection position when oscillating.

[0029] The apparatus may be configured to generate an RF field spatial intensity distribution comprising one or more intensity peaks or field gradients, and wherein in a first mode the peaks or field gradients are configured to move spatially relative to the support surface as a function of time, and wherein in a second mode the peaks or field gradients are configured to exhibit reduced or no motion relative to the support surface.

[0030] Variation of the resulting RF field intensity distribution for different modes can be achieved in a range of different ways. These can be classified into two broad groups: mechanical means for varying the mode (e.g. causing a change in the position or motion pattern of a protruding element), and electrical or signalling means (changing the characteristics of the drive signal or drive scheme of the RF generator).

[0031] Changing the drive scheme may include changing the drive signals supplied to individual electrodes, and also changing the pattern of drive signals supplied to the total set of electrodes comprised by the entire cleaning unit, for example changing the pattern of electrodes activated at any given time, or changing the drive signal amplitudes for different electrodes at different points across the support body.

[0032] First, the electrical device will be outlined.

[0033] According to one or more embodiments, the RF generator is operable to independently control the drive signals provided to different subsets of the protruding members, and wherein the change between the modes is based at least in part on selectively activating or deactivating the electrodes of one or more subsets of the protruding members. Thus, in different modes, the electrodes of different subsets of the protruding members are controlled to be activated or inactivated (based on providing or not providing the drive signals to the electrodes).

[0034] In this set of embodiments, the RF field distribution can be changed based on selectively turning on or off the supply of drive signals to different subsets of the protruding members of the cleaning unit. By appropriately controlling the spatial pattern of the protruding element electrodes activated at a given time, the shape (intensity distribution) of the resulting RF field can be controlled.

[0035] A controller may be included, operably coupled to the RF generator, and adapted to control or coordinate selective activation and deactivation, for example based on a set of one or more pre-stored activation drive schemes (activation modes), each activation drive scheme being configured to generate an RF field having a predetermined shape or intensity distribution.

[0036] As mentioned above, a broad second group of means for effecting mode changes are mechanical means.

[0037] For example, in one set of embodiments, the change between modes includes a change in the mode of motion of the control or actuation protruding member. Broadly speaking, if the protruding members are driven to move in a periodic manner (e.g., oscillate), the (time-averaged) RF field intensity distribution becomes more spatially distributed (with a smaller average field or field gradient) over the area of ​​the cleaning unit. If they are stationary, or their amplitude of motion is small, the RF field intensity distribution is more locally concentrated, for example including local areas of relatively high intensity surrounding the area of ​​each protruding member, but low intensity outside the area. In the first case, a more dispersed field is useful for general cleaning functions where cleaning is required over a wider area. In the second case, a more locally focused field is useful for higher intensity cleaning of very localized areas.

[0038] The device may comprise an actuator for controlling the position or movement of the protruding member, for example according to an adjustable movement pattern.The actuator may be an electric actuator or a manually driven actuator.

[0039] A controller may be arranged operatively coupled to the actuator and adapted to control adjustment between the modes based on controlling the actuator to change the mode of motion applied to the protruding member.

[0040] According to one or more embodiments, each protruding member may be adapted to be flexible to allow at least a distal portion of the protruding member to flex or swing relative to a proximal end of the member.

[0041] The device may further comprise an actuator, for example in the form of an oscillating mechanism, arranged to cause oscillation of at least the distal portion of the protruding member.

[0042] Switching between the at least two modes may include adjusting an oscillation frequency of the protruding member. Here, the change between modes is based on changing a characteristic of the drive oscillation applied to the protruding member.

[0043] For example, in at least one mode, actuation can be applied at the support surface to cause a periodic or oscillatory displacement of the proximal end of each protruding member. Due to the flexibility of the protruding members, this causes a periodic or oscillatory motion of the protruding members, which causes the RF field to spread over a wider area in this mode. The protruding members can have lateral flexibility, for example, causing lateral oscillatory motion of the members. In another mode, the oscillation can be disabled or set to a lower level, resulting in a more locally concentrated field strength distribution, such as suitable for local high-intensity treatment actions.

[0044] The device may be configured in a first mode in which the protruding member has zero oscillation and in at least a second mode in which the protruding member has non-zero oscillation. In the zero oscillation mode, the protruding member may be substantially stationary relative to the supporting surface. This is useful for generating localized high intensity fields.

[0045] Where the oscillating mechanism is arranged to oscillate a support surface of the cleaning unit, varying the oscillation of the protruding member may be based on varying the frequency, amplitude or movement pattern of such oscillation of the support surface.

[0046] The oscillation of the support surface may generally be in any direction, such as lateral (e.g., lateral to the height dimension of the protruding member) or vertical (e.g., parallel to the height axis of the protruding member). For example, lateral motion may include linear lateral motion (sideways) or rotational lateral motion of the support surface. Vertical motion may include a tapping motion applied to the support body by an actuation mechanism.

[0047] According to one or more embodiments, the cleaning unit may further include a plurality of cleaning elements or members extending outwardly from the support surface, such as bristles or cleaning filaments for cleaning teeth. The oscillation of the cleaning unit caused by the mechanical oscillation mechanism may be arranged to cause the oscillation of the bristles. In other words, the oscillation that drives the vibration of the bristles also drives the movement or oscillation of the protruding member.

[0048] The bristles and the protruding members are preferably coupled to the same surface, and so the same oscillating action can drive the oscillation of both.

[0049] According to a preferred set of embodiments, at least a portion of each protruding member exhibits a natural frequency (e.g., lateral) oscillation relative to the proximal end, and wherein, in a first mode, the oscillation frequency of the support surface is set to a frequency that resonates with the natural frequency, and in a second mode, the oscillation frequency of the support surface is set to a frequency that is not resonant with the natural frequency.

[0050] By a frequency resonating with the natural frequency is meant for example a frequency harmonic of said natural frequency, in other words a frequency configured to cause a resonant oscillation of the protruding member.In the second mode, the frequency is selected such that it does not cause a resonant oscillation of the protruding member.

[0051] Thus, in the first mode, resonant oscillations of the protruding member are induced, which causes the high intensity region of the field near the electrode to be swept over a wider area. In the second mode, the oscillation amplitude is reduced, thereby limiting the high intensity field treatment to a smaller area or volume, which thereby receives a greater time-averaged RF energy delivery.

[0052] In an advantageous example, in the second mode, the oscillation frequency of the support surface is set to a frequency that is anti-resonant with the natural frequency of the protruding member. Anti-resonance means, for example, anti-harmonic. This means, for example, that it is set to a frequency between two consecutive harmonics of the natural frequency.

[0053] This means that in the second mode the oscillations are anti-resonant with the natural frequency of the protruding member, which means that the protruding member is ideally held stationary (substantially zero amplitude and zero oscillation frequency).

[0054] In accordance with one or more embodiments, each protruding member can have a proximal end connected to a support surface, and wherein a region of the support body that meets or surrounds the proximal end of each protruding member has a first set of mechanical resonant frequencies (e.g., a range of resonant frequencies or a discrete group of one or more frequencies), and the remainder of the surface exhibits a second set of resonant frequencies.

[0055] In a first mode, the support surface may be driven to oscillate at a frequency that is resonant or a harmonic of both the first frequency group and the second frequency group or range. In a second mode, the support surface may be driven to oscillate at a frequency that is not resonant with any frequency of the first frequency group or range and is resonant or a harmonic of a frequency of the second frequency group or range.

[0056] Thus, this embodiment follows similar concepts to the resonant protruding member embodiment described above, except here the protruding member is coupled to portions of the support structure that are configured to resonate at certain frequencies or frequencies.

[0057] Preferably, in the second mode the support surface is driveable to oscillate at a frequency that is anti-resonant or anti-harmonic to a setting or range of resonant frequencies to or around a support body region of each protruding member.

[0058] According to one or more embodiments, the device may include an auxiliary actuation or forcing mechanism arranged to apply a second mechanical oscillation to at least a subset of the protruding members, wherein the second mechanical oscillation is at the same frequency as the frequency of the oscillation applied to the support surface by the main oscillation mechanism (discussed above), but out of phase (preferably anti-phase) with the first oscillation. Thus, the auxiliary actuation mechanism effectively applies a reaction force to the protruding members to counteract the force of the main device oscillation mechanism (e.g., which is used to oscillate the bristles), thereby reducing or eliminating movement of at least a subset of the protruding members.

[0059] According to one or more embodiments, the device may also include a magnetic device or an electromagnetic device, which is operable to apply a magnetic force or an electromagnetic force on each protruding member, and wherein the switching between the modes is based on: partially based on the use of the magnetic device or the electromagnetic device to adjust the movement mode of the protruding member.

[0060] This may be used alone or in combination with the other features outlined above to control the position or motion (eg amplitude and / or oscillation frequency) of the protruding member in different modes in order to, for example, vary the spatial intensity distribution between different modes.

[0061] For example, according to one or more embodiments, the support surface can oscillate at a first frequency. This can be used in part, for example, for oscillating bristles of a cleaning unit. The oscillation of the support surface can generally be in any direction, such as lateral (e.g., lateral to the height dimension of the protruding member) or vertical (e.g., parallel to the height axis of the protruding member). For example, the lateral motion can include a linear lateral motion (sideways), a rotational lateral motion, or an eccentric arc motion of the support surface. The vertical motion can include, for example, a tapping motion applied to the support body.

[0062] In one mode of the device, the magnetic or electromagnetic force means may be controlled to exert a reaction force pattern on the protruding member in synchronism with the oscillation of the support surface, thereby counteracting or completely eliminating movement of the protruding member caused by movement of the support surface.

[0063] The magnetic device in this example applies a force synchronously (or anti-synchronously) with the support surface oscillations so as to counteract the movement of each protruding member that would otherwise occur due to the support surface oscillations.

[0064] In at least the second mode, the magnetic or electromagnetic force means may be disabled. In the second mode, due to the oscillation of the support surface at their proximal ends, the protruding members are free to oscillate (e.g., laterally, radially or vertically, or any combination thereof), and thus the field strength distribution is more spatially distributed or uniform.

[0065] Optionally, in addition to varying the spatial intensity distribution of the field, other electrical characteristics of the generated field may also be varied between modes, for example, the frequency content of the field, and / or the power or intensity level of the field.

[0066] For example, according to one or more embodiments, the RF generator may be adapted to supply a pulsed RF drive signal to the electrode, and wherein switching between the at least two modes comprises controlling a change in the duty cycle of the pulsed RF drive signal. This may be accomplished, for example, in conjunction with the mechanical or electrical modification of the RF field shape described above.

[0067] By controlling the duty cycle, the overall intensity of the cleaning or treatment can be adjusted.

[0068] According to one or more embodiments, switching between the at least two modes may include adjusting the frequency content of the drive signal provided to the electrode.

[0069] In at least one set of embodiments, for example, in at least one mode, the RF generator can be configured to generate a drive signal comprising a periodic repeating sequence of cycles or frequencies. For example, this can be a unidirectional or cyclic sweep of frequencies. Alternatively, in another (first) mode, the drive signal can be a single frequency drive signal (only one frequency).

[0070] According to one or more embodiments, the device may include a controller adapted to determine the position and / or orientation of the cleaning unit, and wherein switching between modes is triggered based on the determined position or orientation information. The controller may determine the position of the device relative to a specific one or more locations in the oral cavity, or for example relative to a target treatment area.

[0071] Additionally or alternatively, the controller may be adapted to trigger switching between modes based on information relating to the movement or position of the protruding member. The controller may trigger switching between modes based on a signal from a mechanical oscillating mechanism (arranged to oscillate the support body) indicating a direction of movement of the support surface and / or a direction of movement of the protruding member.

[0072] The determination may be based on the use of a sensor coupled to the controller, such as a position or orientation sensor. The sensor may include, for example, an accelerometer and / or a proximity sensor. It may include an optical or other electromagnetic sensor. It may include an imaging sensor.

[0073] The oral cleaning and / or treatment device can take a variety of different forms. As non-limiting examples, it can be any of the following: a toothbrush device, a combined brushing and flossing device, an oral irrigator, or a mouthpiece unit with brushing functionality.

[0074] The cleaning unit can be, for example, a head for an oral cleaning device, such as a toothbrush, a combined brushing and flossing device, an oral irrigator, or a mouthpiece unit with a brushing function, as non-limiting examples. For example, the cleaning device can be a toothbrush device, and wherein the cleaning unit is a toothbrush head.

[0075] The device may include a control unit including an RF generator. It may also include a mechanical actuator (e.g., a mechanical oscillator) as described above. It may also include a controller operably coupled to the RF generator, and optionally also include a mechanical actuator such as a mechanical oscillator. The control unit may be electrically and mechanically connected to or releasably connected to the cleaning unit. The control unit may form the body or handle portion of the device.

[0076] According to another aspect, the control unit may be provided separately from the cleaning unit and is adapted to be connected to the cleaning unit in use and is operable to control an operating mode of the device when so connected.

[0077]

[0013] Embodiments according to another aspect of the present invention provide a method of configuring a cleaning or treatment mode of an oral cleaning or treatment device.

[0078] The oral cleaning or treatment device comprises:

[0079] a cleaning unit comprising: two or more protruding members, each protruding member extending outward from a support surface of the support body and each protruding member comprising one or more electrodes, the protruding members being spaced apart from each other; and

[0080] A radio frequency (RF) generator is arranged to provide one or more drive signals to the electrodes of the two or more protruding members or between the two or electrodes according to a drive scheme so as to induce an RF alternating field around the protruding members and / or in the area between the protruding members, thereby providing an oral cleaning function.

[0081] The method comprises:

[0082] selectively adjusting the apparatus between at least two modes, in a first mode the apparatus is arranged to generate an RF field having a first spatial distribution and in a second mode the apparatus is arranged to generate an RF field having a second, different spatial intensity distribution, and

[0083] Wherein switching between the modes comprises controlling a change in the position or movement pattern of the protruding member, and / or comprises controlling a change in a characteristic of the drive signal or the drive scheme.

[0084] The spatial intensity distribution of a field means the distribution or shape or pattern of the field intensity, which may include one or more field gradients.

[0085] Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer program product comprising computer program code, which can be executed on a processor, wherein the code is configured to cause the processor to perform a method according to any example or embodiment summarized above or described below or according to any claim of the present application.

[0086] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087] For a better understanding of the invention, and in order to more clearly show how the invention may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0088] Figure 1 A front view of a cleaning unit of an exemplary oral cleaning and / or treatment device is shown;

[0089] Figure 2 An example oral cleaning and / or treatment device is shown;

[0090] Figure 3 shows a plan view of an example cleaning unit having a sheet-like protruding member;

[0091] Figure 4 shows a plan view of another example cleaning unit;

[0092] Figure 5 Another example of a cleaning unit is shown, which includes bristles;

[0093] FIG6 illustrates an example cleaning unit in a number of different modes, where different subsets of electrodes are controlled to be active or inactive;

[0094] FIG. 7 illustrates an example cleaning unit having a flexible protruding member;

[0095] Figure 8 An example oral cleaning and / or treatment device including a mechanical actuation unit is shown;

[0096] Fig. 9 Another example cleaning unit having an array of flexible protruding members is shown;

[0097] Fig.10Schematically illustrates an example embodiment comprising a cleaning unit including material portions having different resonant frequencies;

[0098] Figure 11-Figure 14 Another example cleaning and / or treatment device including a magnetic device is shown;

[0099] Fig.15 An exemplary cleaning and / or treatment device in the form of a toothbrush device is shown; and

[0100] Fig.16

[0066] Steps of an example workflow for an example device in accordance with one or more embodiments are outlined. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0101] The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0102] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, although indicating exemplary embodiments of the device, system and method, are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These and other features, aspects and advantages of the device, system and method of the present invention will become better understood from the following description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are only schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same or similar components.

[0103] The present invention provides an oral cleaning and / or treatment device, which includes electrodes for generating an RF field to provide an oral cleaning function. The device includes a cleaning unit for being accommodated in the oral cavity, the cleaning unit including at least a first protruding member and a second protruding member, the first protruding member and the second protruding member protruding away from a base or a support structure in the same general direction. Each protruding member includes one or more electrodes or antennas for generating an RF alternating electromagnetic field. The device generates an RF field in the space between and around the electrodes by driving the electrodes with an RF signal generator. The device includes a mechanical or electrical device for changing the generated RF field (e.g., spatial field intensity or gradient distribution) between different settings. In particular, the device can be configured in at least two modes or settings, each mode or setting being associated with a different corresponding field pattern or spatial intensity distribution. As described below, this is valuable for adapting the cleaning or treatment function to different desired purposes.

[0104] In one set of advantageous embodiments, the optional modes include at least one mode in which the RF spatial intensity distribution includes one or more focused, localized, higher intensity regions surrounded by lower intensity regions, and a second mode in which the RF spatial intensity distribution (e.g., the time-averaged intensity distribution) measured over at least a certain time window is more uniform and the RF energy carried by the field is more widely spread over the area around and between the electrodes.

[0105] For example, it is well known that certain specific locations in the oral cavity are more susceptible to plaque and calculus formation (e.g., teeth in close proximity to salivary glands or front teeth of the tongue), and therefore more susceptible to caries formation. Certain specific locations are more susceptible to gingival inflammation, such as pericoronitis, such as the location behind the last molars, which is difficult to reach with conventional mechanical cleaning devices.

[0106] Other oral pathologies include chronic xerostomia, which can be caused by reduced salivary duct secretion. Oral pain can be felt as originating from the distal end of the trigeminal nerve in the mouth. Therefore, both conditions are associated with problems localized to specific areas of the mouth.

[0107] Although the conditions are currently known, they are difficult to prevent and require proactive oral treatment once detected. In particular, once a dentist identifies the underlying cause of an oral pathology, local treatment of specific points in the oral cavity is required to cure the pathological condition.

[0108] Embodiments of the present invention propose changing the mode of RF processing to permit application for various local processing needs.

[0109] Thus, embodiments of the present invention allow optimization of RF treatment for specific clinical pathologies while avoiding overexposure of other areas of the oral cavity with RF energy.

[0110] As will be discussed in more detail below, embodiments can enable targeted high intensity treatment of specific target areas in the oral cavity known to be of relevant pathology in at least one mode. Such locations may include, for example:

[0111] -Secondary caries, in which biofilm grows at the interface of dental fillings and teeth;

[0112] - Pericoronitis: inflammation of the gingiva behind the last molars (largest and mandibular);

[0113] - Lingual mandibular incisors, which typically collect most of the calculus;

[0114] -Trigeminal nerve endings in the mouth;

[0115] -Salivary ducts.

[0116] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example of an oral cleaning and / or treatment device according to one or more embodiments is schematically shown. The device 100 comprises at least a cleaning unit 10 and an RF generator 84 . Figure 1 A cleaning unit 10 is shown. Figure 2 A cleaning and / or treatment device 100 is shown comprising a cleaning unit and an RF generator.

[0117] The cleaning unit 10 comprises: a support body 12, such as a platen. The support body has an upper surface providing a support surface 13, and protruding members 14, 14b extend from the support surface 13. In particular, the cleaning unit comprises a first protruding member 14a, which extends outwardly from the support surface 13 of the support body and comprises one or more first electrodes 18a. The cleaning unit also comprises a second protruding member 14b, which extends outwardly from the support surface of the support body and comprises one or more second electrodes 18b. The second protruding member is spaced apart from the first protruding member by a spacing D. Each protruding member 14 has a proximal end 20 and a distal end 22, and the protruding member 14 is connected to the support surface 13 by the proximal end 20.

[0118] The cleaning device also includes an RF generator 84, which is arranged to supply an alternating RF drive signal between the first electrode 18a and the second electrode 18b to induce an alternating RF electromagnetic field 19 in the area around and between the first protruding member 14a and the second protruding member 14b. This provides an oral cleaning function when the head is accommodated in the oral cavity. The RF generator applies an alternating potential between the two electrodes. A suitable range of RF frequencies for the alternating electromagnetic field can be, for example, any frequency from 3kHz to 300GHz.

[0119] The apparatus may further include a controller 21 operably coupled to the RF generator 84 and operable to control a drive scheme implemented by the RF generator and / or characteristics of a drive signal generated by the RF generator.

[0120] Although Figure 1 and Figure 2 Only one pair of protruding members 14a, 14b and electrodes 18a, 18b are shown, but in further examples, more than two protruding members may be provided. A plurality of pairs of protruding members spaced apart from each other may be provided, each member comprising an electrode, and wherein the RF generator is operable to supply a respective alternating drive signal across the electrodes of each pair of protruding members.

[0121] The oral cleaning and / or treatment device 100 is adapted to be selectively configured in at least two different modes. In each mode, the device generates an RF field having a different spatial intensity distribution in the area around and between the projecting members 14a, 14b.

[0122] The device is adapted to allow switching between modes. Enabling switching between modes may include:

[0123] - controlling a change in position or movement pattern of the protruding member, and / or

[0124] - controlling a change in the characteristics of the drive signals supplied to the electrodes, or changing the drive scheme driving the set of electrodes.

[0125] In this case, the electrodes 18a, 18b of the protruding members are integrated into the body of each corresponding protruding member. For example, in this case, each protruding member may include a layered (sheet-like) protruding member in which an electrode is integrated. In other examples, the electrode may be exposed at the surface of the protruding member, or the protruding member itself may be formed of a conductive material to serve as an electrode.

[0126] The electrode may include a conductive element which may take various shapes or forms, such as a planar form, or a linear wire form, or a wire loop form.

[0127] Switching between modes, and thereby changing the spatial RF field intensity distribution, can be achieved in a variety of different ways, but can generally be categorized into two broad groups: mechanical means for transitioning between modes (e.g., controlling a change in the position or motion pattern of a protruding element), and electrical or signaling means (controlling a change in the characteristics of the drive scheme of the RF generator). The various options are discussed in more detail below.

[0128] As described above, the device may include a controller 21 for controlling switching between modes, for example for controlling the signal characteristics of the drive signal generated by the RF generator, or in some embodiments, by controlling the actuation of the protruding member by an actuator such as a mechanical oscillator or other actuator.

[0129] In use, switching between modes can be performed in different ways. It can be manually triggered based on user input through a user control element (e.g., a button). In an alternative example, it can be performed automatically, for example based on detecting that the cleaning unit is adjacent to a predetermined region of interest or is maintained at a predetermined orientation relative to the region of interest to be treated, a position, location, or orientation sensing function.

[0130] For example, according to one or more embodiments, the device may include a position detection device adapted to detect the position of at least a portion of the cleaning unit relative to an area of ​​interest within the oral cavity and / or to detect the orientation of the device or the cleaning unit. This may be used to detect when the cleaning unit is adjacent to a predetermined trouble spot in the mouth, where a higher intensity of cleaning would be advantageous. In response to detecting that the cleaning unit is in such a position, a higher intensity cleaning mode may be automatically activated. When the cleaning unit moves away from the trouble spot, a low intensity mode may be automatically activated.

[0131] Controller 21 may perform determination of the position and / or orientation of at least the cleaning unit of the device. In some examples, it may be operably coupled to a position or orientation sensor, such as an accelerometer and / or an optical sensor for sensing proximity to a surface.

[0132] Additionally or alternatively, the controller may be adapted to trigger switching between modes based on information about the movement or position of the protruding member. The controller 21 may trigger switching between modes based on a signal from a mechanical oscillating mechanism (arranged to oscillate the support body) indicating the direction of movement of the support surface and / or the direction of movement of the protruding member.

[0133] The cleaning unit 10 is a unit for an oral cleaning or treatment device based on RF energy. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example of FIG. 5 , the pair of first electrodes 18a and second electrodes 18b are adapted to have an alternating potential applied to the pair for stimulating generation of an alternating RF electromagnetic field between the electrodes.

[0134] However, more generally, the electrodes may be any form of conductive element suitable for receiving a drive signal and generating RF energy. For example, one or more electrodes may be provided in the form of a loop for inductively generating an alternating field. A drive signal may be applied across an electrode pair, such as in Figure 1 In the example of , or the drive signal is supplied to a separate element such as a coil electrode in the form of, for example, a drive current.

[0135] The cleaning unit 10 is used to be received in the user's oral cavity to perform oral cleaning and / or treatment functions. The cleaning unit 10 can be, for example, the head of an oral cleaning device such as a toothbrush or other device, or can be a cleaning unit of a different form, such as a brush bow for a mouthpiece unit (mouthpiece unit) that fits into the oral cavity.

[0136] Optionally, the cleaning unit 10 may further include a dielectric barrier member between the first protruding member 14a and the second protruding member 14b. However, this is not necessary, because in embodiments of the present invention, the field intensity distribution may be actively adjusted so that a physical element for guiding the field pattern (as described above) is not necessary.

[0137] Each mode of the apparatus 100 may be arranged to generate an RF field having a different time-averaged spatial intensity distribution over a defined time window.

[0138] Thus, the first mode may be configured to generate a first time-averaged spatial intensity distribution, and at least the second mode may be configured to generate a second time-averaged spatial intensity distribution. The spatial intensity distribution in one or more modes may be time-dependent (varies as a function of time). Thus, in the described case, the above-mentioned spatial intensity distribution may be a time-averaged spatial intensity distribution. The spatial intensity distribution may vary periodically, and the time window may be the duration of one period or cycle of the periodic variation.

[0139] In the first mode of the device 100, the spatial intensity distribution is more spatially uniform over the area containing the protruding members 14a, 14b than in the second mode. Here, the RF energy field is more spatially distributed in the first mode than in the second mode. The area involved may be the entire area of ​​the support surface 13, or a smaller area, such as an area extending between two protruding members 14a, 14b and bounded by these members.

[0140] Spatial uniformity can be measured, for example, by the field strength or the ratio of the highest value of the field strength to the lowest field strength in the region. It can be measured by the (maximum) field gradient or another statistical value related to the field strength (e.g. the interquartile range of the field strength).

[0141] For example, the time-averaged spatial intensity distribution is more spatially uniform in the first mode than in the second mode. This means that over a defined time window, the spatial RF energy field is more uniformly spread than in the second mode. In other words, the spatial intensity distribution as a function of time or over a time window is more spatially uniform than in the second mode.

[0142] The peak intensity value within the time-averaged RF field in the first mode may be lower than the peak intensity value in the second mode.

[0143] For example, a high intensity local cleaning mode can be provided by the second mode, wherein the generated RF field includes a relatively small high intensity area located around the area of ​​each protruding member. In addition, a wider area general cleaning mode is provided by the first mode, which generates an RF field with a lower intensity, wherein the energy is spread over a wider spatial area.

[0144] Thus, depending on the desired application, certain embodiments of the present invention may allow switching between a more highly focused RF energy field (having a larger field gradient) and a less focused, more diffuse field (having a smaller field gradient).

[0145] With respect to the first mode, a more diffuse field may be used for general cleaning or treatment functions where cleaning or treatment is desired over a wider area. In the second case, a more locally focused field is useful for higher intensity cleaning of very localized areas, such as the space between a filling and remaining teeth where bacteria and calculus can accumulate. This represents only one option of the different modes, and a variety of other modes may also be implemented and will be discussed further below.

[0146] The apparatus 100 may be configured for generating an RF field spatial intensity distribution comprising one or more intensity peaks or field gradients, and wherein in a first mode the peaks or field gradients are controlled to move spatially relative to a support surface as a function of time, and wherein in a second mode the peaks or field gradients are controlled to exhibit reduced or no motion relative to the support surface.

[0147] For example, a peak in field strength or intensity may correspond to a local peak intensity concentration around the electrodes 18a, 18b.

[0148] Here, the spatial intensity distribution is time-dependent and varies as a function of time. By periodically moving a field pattern containing local spatial peaks over the area between and around the protruding members 14a, 14b, a more spatially distributed, lower average intensity field (with a smaller average field gradient) can be produced. This means that over a given time window, the time-averaged spatial intensity distribution is more spatially uniform and the RF energy is more spatially distributed. Conversely, in situations where, for example, local high-intensity treatment is desired, in the second mode, the local spatial peaks can be controlled to remain stationary.

[0149] The field strength distribution may undergo periodic variations over a time window.

[0150] In this case, switching between modes may be based, for example, on a physical pattern of motion of the protruding members 14a, 14b, for example in a periodic or oscillating manner, or may be based, for example, on changing the spatial pattern of the array of protruding members that are active and inactive at a given time. Two examples are discussed in more detail below.

[0151] In the above examples, switching between at least two modes changes the spatial uniformity of the field, i.e. the spread of the RF energy over the area or volume of the field. However, additionally or alternatively, the device 100 may include modes whose intensity distribution differs in the average or total intensity level of the field, for example by increasing the output power over the entire field. Thus, the device may switch from a higher intensity treatment mode (higher power output) to a lower intensity mode (lower power output).

[0152] The variation of the generated RF field intensity distribution for different modes can be achieved within a range of different specific ways. The various options will be discussed in more detail below. Firstly, different options for the structure of the cleaning unit 10 are briefly discussed.

[0153] According to some embodiments, each protruding member 14a, 14b may include a sheet-like (flat sheet-like) member. Figure 3 It is shown in Figure 3 1 shows a top view of an example cleaning unit 10. In this example, each of the tabular protruding members defines a plane, and the tabular members are arranged with their respective planes parallel and with the major planar surfaces of the members facing each other. Figure 3 In the example of the protruding members are flat and extend linearly, but in other examples, they can have, for example, a curved sheet shape. For example, in some embodiments, the protruding members can be provided in the form of concentric rings or arcs.

[0154] There are different options for the configuration or arrangement of the protruding members 14a, 14b. The cleaning unit 10 may include a single first and second protruding member, which may act as a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode pair). For example, an alternating drive signal may be applied between the pair of electrodes.

[0155] In a further example, a plurality of first protruding members and a plurality of second protruding members may be provided, each first protruding member comprising at least one corresponding electrode, and each second protruding member comprising at least one corresponding electrode. Thus, a plurality of paired electrodes may be provided.

[0156] Figure 4 An example is shown in FIG, which shows a top view of an example cleaning unit. Here, the cleaning unit 10 includes a plurality of first protruding members 14a arranged in a first space group 15a and a plurality of second protruding members 14b arranged in a second space group, the first space group being spaced apart from the second space group and arranged facing the second space group. In this example, each space group takes the form of a linear space group, in particular a line. However, this is not necessary, and other configurations are also possible, for example, each space group includes clusters with different shapes.

[0157] Depending on the intended application, the form of the oral cleaning unit 10 may be selected in different ways.

[0158] In one set of embodiments the cleaning unit comprises a plurality of mechanical cleaning elements, such as bristles for cleaning teeth. Figure 5 An example is shown in FIG.

[0159] The cleaning unit 10 comprises a plurality of bristles 42, for example arranged in bundles or tufts, extending outwardly from a support surface 13 of the cleaning unit. The cleaning unit may comprise a platen 12 providing a support body and wherein a face of the platen forms the support surface.

[0160] This set of embodiments may be applicable, for example, to the case where the cleaning unit 10 is the head of a toothbrush device, for example, adapted to be coupled to the main body of the toothbrush device, for example, detachably coupled. However, other types of oral cleaning devices may also include bristles 42, such as a brush bow of a mouthpiece unit assembled into the oral cavity, or a combined brush and floss device having a fluid emitting nozzle combined with an RF energy emitting element.

[0161] exist Figure 5 In the example of , each of the protruding members 14a, 14b is surrounded on two lateral sides by bristles 42. In some examples, the bristles may cover substantially the entire area of ​​the support surface, possibly excluding the peripheral area of ​​the surface. However, this is not required. The bristles may be provided on only one lateral side of the protruding member, for example without bristles in the space between the components.

[0162] Preferably, the protruding members 14a, 14b may extend to a distal height that is shorter than the distal height of the bristles 42.

[0163] As described above, the variation of the generated RF field intensity distribution for the different modes can be achieved in a range of different ways. These can be classified into two broad groups: mechanical means for varying the mode (e.g., causing a change in the position or motion pattern of the protruding elements 14a, 14b), and electrical or signal means (changing the characteristics of the drive scheme of the RF generator 84).

[0164] First, the electrical device will be outlined.

[0165] In accordance with one or more embodiments, the RF generator is operable to independently control drive signals supplied to different subsets of protruding members, and wherein changing between modes is based at least in part on selectively activating or deactivating drive signals to electrodes of one or more subsets of the protruding members.

[0166] In this set of embodiments, the RF field distribution can be changed based on selectively turning on or off the supply of drive signals to different subsets of the protruding members of the cleaning unit. By appropriately controlling the spatial pattern of the protruding element electrodes activated at a given time, the shape (intensity distribution) of the resulting RF field can be controlled.

[0167] As discussed, a controller operably coupled to the RF generator may be included. This may be adapted to control or coordinate selective activation and deactivation, for example based on a set of one or more pre-stored activation drive schemes (activation modes), each activation drive scheme being configured to generate an RF field having a predetermined shape or intensity distribution.

[0168] FIG6 schematically shows this embodiment. Figure 6a The cleaning unit 10 is shown with the device in a first mode. Figure 6b The cleaning unit is shown with the device in a second mode. Figure 6c The cleaning unit is shown with the device in a third mode.

[0169] In each mode, the controller is adapted to apply different activation drive schemes or addressing schemes to the plurality of protruding members for controlling different selections of the protruding member 14a, 14b electrodes as active or inactive.Active members are shown shaded, while inactive members are shown unshaded.

[0170] exist Figure 6a In the first mode, a first subset 52a of the protruding members 14a, 14b is provided with a drive signal for driving their respective electrodes to generate an RF field 19. At the same time, a second subset 52b of the protruding members is not provided with a drive signal, so that their respective electrodes are inactive and no field is generated between these members. This results in the generation of an RF field in the first mode, which has a peak intensity in the spatial region covered by the first subset 52a of the protruding members. In this example, each subset includes multiple pairs of first and second protruding members 14a, 14b, and the multiple pairs of first and second protruding members 14a, 14b include electrodes that are either driven or inactive.

[0171] exist Figure 6b In the second mode, the electrodes of the first subset 52a of the protruding member 14 and the third subset 52c of the protruding member are inactive, while the second subset 52b between the first and second electrodes is provided with a drive signal by the RF generator and is active. Therefore, an RF field 19 having a peak intensity in the middle area covered by the second subset 52b of electrodes is generated. In this example, each subset includes a plurality of pairs of first electrodes and second electrodes, which are either actively driven or inactive.

[0172] exist Figure 6cIn the third mode, the electrodes of the first 52a and third 52c subsets of the protruding members are supplied with a drive signal from the RF generator, while the electrodes of the second 52b and fourth 52d subsets are not supplied with a drive signal from the RF generator. Therefore, the plurality of protruding members 14 include alternating subsets of activated members and inactivated members. Therefore, a resulting RF field 19 is generated, which has alternating regions of high and low field strengths, with peaks in the regions covered by the second subset 52b and the fourth subset 52d of the protruding members. In this example, each subset includes a plurality of pairs of first and second electrodes (composed of the first protruding member 14a and the second protruding member 14b), and the plurality of pairs of first and second electrodes are activated and driven or inactivated.

[0173] The different activation drive schemes shown in FIG. 6 represent illustrative examples only, and in other examples, the different modes may be characterized by any desired pattern of active and inactive protruding member electrodes.

[0174] According to one or more embodiments, the change between modes may include adjusting the drive scheme or duty cycle of the drive signals provided to different subsets of the protruding member electrodes. For example, drive signals having different frequencies or different amplitudes or different pulse duty cycles may be provided to different subsets of the protruding member electrodes to configure the field shape or pattern or intensity distribution of the resulting field.

[0175] Optionally, other electrical characteristics of the generated field may also be varied between modes, for example, the frequency content of the field, and / or the power or intensity level of the overall field.

[0176] For example, according to one or more embodiments, the RF generator 84 may be adapted to supply a pulsed RF drive signal, and wherein switching between the at least two modes comprises controlling a change in the duty cycle (frequency) of the pulsed RF drive signal. This may be accomplished, for example, in conjunction with mechanical and / or electrical modification of the RF field shape.

[0177] By controlling the duty cycle, the overall cleaning intensity can be adjusted between lower intensity (e.g., for normal cleaning) and high intensity (for treating local trouble spots). Thus, a high intensity pulse can provide high intensity cleaning at a targeted area or location.

[0178] RF pulse schemes with adaptable duty cycles can be used for a variety of clinical applications. For example, RF pulse treatment can be used to stimulate nerves in the mouth, thereby relieving nerve pain. Pulse treatment can also be used to stimulate the salivary ducts, thereby relieving chronic dry mouth.

[0179] Adjustment of the duty cycle allows for adjustment of the intensity of the treatment. This can avoid overstimulation of oral tissue. Alternating between higher and lower duty cycle frequencies can also prevent overheating of the device 100.

[0180] The change in pulse duty cycle when switching between modes can be used alone or in combination with other possible implementation options (discussed below).

[0181] The implementation and adjustment of the duty cycle may be controlled by the RF generator 84 itself, or may include a controller operatively coupled to the RF generator and adapted to control the duty cycle between different selectable modes.

[0182] For example, according to an advantageous embodiment, the total output power of the generated field may be in the range of 0.1 W to 15 W, such as 0.1 W to 10 W. These ranges are safe for use in the mouth of a user and sufficient to provide the treatment effects described above.

[0183] According to one or more embodiments, switching between at least two modes may include adjusting the frequency content of the drive signal provided to the electrode.

[0184] In at least one set of embodiments, for example, in at least one mode, the RF generator 84 can be configured to generate a drive signal comprising a periodically repeating RF frequency cycle or sequence. For example, this can be a frequency sweep.

[0185] Preferably, in at least another mode, the drive signal may be a single frequency drive signal (only one frequency).

[0186] Additionally or alternatively, switching between the at least two modes may include adjusting a frequency included in the time period or the scan.

[0187] The cycle or sequence of frequencies may comprise a sweep of frequencies (eg a continuous sweep of frequencies). Alternatively, it may comprise a sequence of discrete frequencies that are stepped through in series.

[0188] Using frequency sweeps or sequences in this way is useful for many clinical applications. For example, it can be used to stimulate the nerves in the mouth, thereby relieving nerve pain. It can also be used to stimulate the salivary ducts, thereby relieving chronic dry mouth.

[0189] As mentioned above, the second group of means for effecting mode changes are mechanical means.

[0190] In particular, in one set of embodiments the change between modes is based on changing the pattern of movement of the protruding members 14a, 14b.

[0191] An actuator adapted to control the position or mode of movement of the protruding member may be provided. This may be operably coupled to, for example, a controller adapted to control the mode change based on controlling the actuator.

[0192] According to at least one set of embodiments, to achieve said movement, each of said plurality of protruding members may be adapted to be flexible to allow at least a distal portion of said protruding member to bend or oscillate relative to said member's proximal end 20. This may allow, for example, a lateral sweeping movement of the distal end 22 of the protruding member, wherein the flexibility is in a lateral direction (meaning a direction perpendicular to the height axis of the protruding member).

[0193] The member itself may be formed of a flexible material to facilitate this flexibility (e.g., passively by elastomeric deformation or actively by actuation such as localized stiffening or hardening of the distal end 22), or the member may be connected to the support surface via a connection element that allows the protruding member to be elastically displaced relative to the support surface, e.g., laterally or axially. This may be a flexible or elastic connection member, or it may be a swivel or other connection element that is suitable for applying a biasing force on the proximal end of the member to bias it toward the neutral position.

[0194] The device 100 may further comprise an actuator for imparting a motion to the protruding member, for example a periodic motion such as an oscillation. The actuator may be an oscillating mechanism 82 arranged to cause oscillation of at least a distal portion of the protruding member.

[0195] Switching between the at least two modes may be based on adjusting an oscillation frequency of the protruding member.

[0196] Figure 7 and Figure 8 FIG. 7 shows an oral cleaning unit 10, Figure 8 Components of an oral cleaning or treatment device are shown, including an actuator in the form of a mechanical oscillating mechanism 82 (eg, vibrator, drive train). Figure 8 The oscillation mechanism in the example of is adapted to apply lateral oscillations to the support body 12. However, in other examples, the oscillation mechanism may be adapted to apply vertical oscillations (eg, tapping motions), or in some examples, rotational (radial) oscillations.

[0197] In Figure 7 and Figure 8 , each protruding member is adapted to be flexible in a lateral direction 34, the lateral dimension being perpendicular to a height dimension 32 (H) of the member, to allow at least a distal portion of the protruding member to bend or oscillate laterally relative to the proximal end 20 of the member. The height axis of each protruding member extends from the proximal end 20 to the distal end 22.

[0198] Changing between modes may be based on changing characteristics of a driving oscillation applied at the proximal end 20 of the protruding members 14a, 14b.The oscillation may be applied to the support body 12 itself, thereby inducing oscillation of the support surface 13 to which the protruding members are connected.

[0199] For example, in at least one mode, appropriate actuation or vibration can be applied at the support surface 13 to cause an oscillatory displacement of the proximal end 20 of each protruding member. Due to the lateral flexibility of the protruding member, this causes a lateral oscillatory motion of the distal portion of the protruding member 14, which causes the RF field to expand over a wider area in this mode and causes an oscillatory change in the position of the high-intensity area of ​​the RF field. Therefore, this can be used to achieve a distributed cleaning mode over a wider area. In another mode, the oscillation can be disabled or set to a lower level, resulting in a more locally concentrated field intensity distribution, which is suitable for local high-intensity cleaning actions.

[0200] In some modes, the frequency may be zero, such that the protruding member 14 does not oscillate, but remains stationary.

[0201] The distal end 22 of each protruding member may be adapted to flex or oscillate laterally relative to the proximal end 20 in response to the lateral oscillation of the proximal end 20 .

[0202] As an example, each protruding member may be adapted to have a flexibility with a maximum lateral deflection angle of at least ±5°.As a non-limiting example, each protruding member may have a maximum lateral deflection angle of, for example, anywhere from ±5° to ±45°.

[0203] As mentioned above, each protruding member 14, 14b may be in the form of a thin sheet-like member. Figure 8 An example is shown in FIG. 1 , which shows the cleaning unit 10 in a perspective view.

[0204] As shown, the laminar protruding members 14a, 14b each extend from a line on the support surface 13 and thus define an elongated linear footprint on the support surface. In this example, the two protruding members are arranged facing each other.

[0205] In this example, the plane of each sheet-like protruding member 14a, 14b extends perpendicular to the transverse dimension 34, so that each protruding member is adapted to be flexible in a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by it. Figure 8 The bow arrow in FIG.

[0206] The thin sheet shape of the protruding member 14 enhances flexibility because the flexural rigidity of the member decreases in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. This also helps to limit or define the lateral flexibility direction of the member, ie the dimension perpendicular to the plane of the thin sheet.

[0207] Fig. 9 Another example of the cleaning unit 10 is shown.

[0208] Here, the cleaning unit 10 includes a plurality of first protruding members 14 a arranged in a first row and a plurality of second protruding members 14 b arranged in a second row, the first row being arranged to be spaced apart from and facing the second row.

[0209] Breaking the protruding member 14 into a plurality of smaller protruding members can help tune the desired oscillation characteristics of the member. The smaller members can exhibit, for example, smaller deflection amplitudes due to their smaller mass. They can have different lateral oscillation natural frequencies, which can be used to tune the oscillation resonant frequency of the electrode. This will be discussed in more detail later.

[0210] To achieve flexibility, each protruding member 14a, 14b may include a flexible material. In this example, each member is at least partially formed of a flexible material. Each member may, for example, be completely composed of a flexible material, or only a portion may be formed of a flexible material.

[0211] As one possible example, each protruding member may include a nylon material, or may include an elastomeric material such as rubber.

[0212] In other examples, flexibility may be achieved in different ways, such as utilizing a flexible pivot or engagement member connected between the proximal end of the protruding member and the support surface.

[0213] According to one set of embodiments, each protruding member may include one or more conductive electrode elements at least partially coated with a flexible polymer. This is advantageous because the conductive electrode core is insulated around its sides by the polymer, improving safety and / or reducing the risk of short circuits with other protruding members.

[0214] However, in alternative embodiments, the protruding member 14 may comprise a flexible polymer core coated with a conductive outer layer to provide an electrode.Other examples include sheet-like protruding members formed from laminates of metal and polymer.

[0215] In another example, the protruding members 14 may be formed of a conductive polymer material. Such materials generally have greater elasticity than metals, thus allowing them to provide both the conductive properties for RF energy transmission as well as the desired elastic properties. This will simplify manufacturing as each member may be formed of only a single material, rather than two materials.

[0216] However, another alternative also includes the protruding member 14 being formed from a thin sheet metal element, the flat thin sheet shape providing the necessary lateral flexibility and the metal material providing the required conductive properties. Any suitable conductive metal may be used. A preferred example would be stainless steel.

[0217] The device 100 is configurable in a first mode in which the protruding members 14a, 14b have zero oscillation and in at least a second mode in which the protruding members have non-zero oscillation. In the zero oscillation mode, the protruding members 14a, 14b are substantially stationary relative to the support surface 13. This is useful for generating local high intensity fields.

[0218] As described above, the actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 may be arranged to oscillate the support surface 13 of the cleaning unit 10 at an adjustable frequency, thereby causing oscillation of the protruding members 14a, 14b, and wherein switching between modes comprises adjusting the oscillation frequency of the support surface.

[0219] This is Figure 8 It is shown in Figure 8 An actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 is shown, which is arranged to impart oscillations to the support body 12 (eg a platen), thereby causing oscillations of the support surface 13 .

[0220] The actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 may comprise a motor or actuator for generating the oscillating motion, and a mechanical coupling element 83, such as a drive shaft or other mechanical connector, arranged to mechanically couple the oscillating motion to the cleaning unit 10. These components may form a drive train for the device.

[0221] The device may further comprise a controller 21 operatively coupled to the mechanical oscillator and adapted to control the oscillation frequency of the cleaning unit via the motor of the oscillating mechanism 82. The controller may control switching between different modes based on controlling the mechanical oscillator.

[0222] The oral cleaning unit 10 may include a mechanical connection portion (not shown), such as a connection slot or groove, which is shaped to receive a connection element 83 (e.g. a drive shaft) of the actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 and is arranged to connect the actuation or oscillation of the actuation or oscillation mechanism to the support surface 13.

[0223] The mechanical actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 may be particularly arranged to cause lateral oscillation of the cleaning unit support surface 13. For example, the oscillation may be configured to cause at least the distal tip of the protruding member 14 to oscillate laterally. The tip refers to the end point of the protruding member.

[0224] It should be noted that the use of a mechanical actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 is not the only means for causing motion of the protruding member. For example, alternatively, a dedicated actuator or driver may be provided that is arranged to apply a biasing or urging force directly on the protruding member to cause motion. This may cause an oscillatory motion or a different motion pattern. It may simply change the position of the protruding element, thereby reconfiguring the resulting RF field pattern.

[0225] The cleaning unit 10 may also include a plurality of cleaning elements 42, such as bristles for cleaning teeth, extending outwardly from the surface of the cleaning unit. The oscillation of the cleaning unit caused by the mechanical actuation or oscillation mechanism 82 may be arranged to cause oscillation of the bristles 42. In other words, the oscillation that drives the bristles to vibrate also drives the movement or oscillation of the protruding members 14a, 14b.

[0226] The bristles 42 and the protruding members 14a, 14b are preferably coupled to the same surface 13, and therefore the same oscillating action can drive the oscillation of both.

[0227] According to a set of advantageous embodiments, at least a portion of each protruding member can exhibit oscillations (e.g. lateral oscillations) of a natural frequency relative to the proximal end 20 of the member, and wherein, in a first mode, the oscillation frequency of the support surface 13 is set to a frequency that resonates with the natural frequency, and in a second mode, the oscillation frequency of the support surface is set to a frequency that is not resonant with the natural frequency.

[0228] A frequency resonating with a natural frequency is, for example, a frequency matching or being a harmonic of the natural frequency, in other words a frequency configured to cause or induce a resonant oscillation of the protruding member 14, i.e. to cause the protruding member to be in resonance. In a second mode, the frequency is selected such that it does not induce a resonant oscillation of the protruding member.

[0229] Thus, in the first mode, resonant oscillations of the projecting members 14a, 14b are induced, which causes the high intensity region of the field near the electrodes 18a, 18b to sweep over a wider area. Thus, in the first mode, the oscillation amplitude (given by the distal tip of the projecting member) of the projecting member (e.g., Figure 8 ) is maximized and can furthermore be greater than the oscillation amplitude applied to the supporting surface 13 of the cleaning unit. In the second mode, the oscillation amplitude is reduced, thereby limiting the high intensity field treatment to a smaller area, which thereby receives a greater time-averaged radiation intensity.

[0230] Thus, the second mode may be used for localized, targeted, high intensity RF treatment, while the first mode may be used for more general or larger area treatment.

[0231] As described above, the cleaning unit 10 may further include a plurality of bristles 42 extending outwardly from the surface 13 of the cleaning unit 10 for cleaning teeth, and oscillation of the cleaning unit by the mechanical oscillation mechanism may be configured to induce oscillation of the bristles.

[0232] Thus, the above-described embodiments allow for the RF treatment mode of delivery to be completely decoupled or separated from the oscillatory motion of the bristles 42. In particular, by varying the oscillation frequency of the support body 12 and coordinating that oscillation frequency with the mechanical resonant frequency of the protruding member 14, the shape and intensity distribution of the RF energy field delivered by the device 100 can be controlled independently of the motion of the bristles.

[0233] The resonant frequency (natural frequency) of each protruding member 14a, 14b depends on the material properties of the protruding member as well as its dimensions (height, width, thickness).The natural frequency of lateral oscillation of each member 14 can thus be adjusted based on adjusting these parameters during manufacturing.

[0234] To increase the natural amplitude of oscillation, the distal tip 22 of the protruding member 14a, 14b can be designed to have a greater mass density than the rest of the member so that the member is weighted toward its distal end (the center of mass is closer to the distal end 22 of the member than the proximal end 20).

[0235] The natural oscillation frequency of the protruding members 14 is also determined by their width. Therefore, a higher natural frequency can be achieved by providing a plurality of protruding members of shorter width, such as the above Fig. 9 as shown in the example.

[0236] As a non-limiting example, the oscillations imparted to the support body by the oscillation mechanism 82 may be anywhere in the range of 50 Hz - 500 Hz. The natural resonant frequency of the protruding member may be adapted to be a sub-range of the oscillation frequency range.

[0237] In an advantageous example, in the second mode, the oscillation frequency of the support surface 13 may be set to a frequency that is anti-resonant with the natural frequency of the protruding members 14a, 14b.

[0238] Anti-resonance means, for example, anti-harmonic. This means, for example, that it is set at a frequency between harmonics of the natural frequency, for example between the first harmonic and the second harmonic.

[0239] This means that in the second mode the oscillations are anti-resonant with the natural frequency of the protruding members 14a, 14b, meaning that the amplitude of movement of the protruding members is reduced and the members ideally remain stationary.

[0240] According to another set of embodiments, each of the protruding members 14a, 14b may have a proximal end 20 connected to the support surface 13, and wherein a region 42 of the support body 12 that meets or surrounds the proximal end of each protruding member has a first set of mechanical resonant frequencies and the remainder 44 of the surface has a second set of resonant frequencies.

[0241] In a first mode, the support surface 13 may be driven to oscillate at a frequency at which both regions resonate. In a second mode, the support surface may be driven to oscillate at a frequency that is non-resonant with the first region and resonant with the second region. Thus, this embodiment follows a similar concept to the resonant protruding member embodiment described above, except that here it is the support structure 12 coupled to the protruding members 14a, 14b that is configured to have the possibility of resonating at different frequencies. In particular, the support structure 12 is provided with different material regions having different resonant frequencies or spectra.

[0242] The concept is Fig.10 It is shown in Fig.10 One of the protruding members 14a and an area 42 of the support surface 13 to which it is connected are shown. This area may be referred to as a unit cell of the support surface. When oscillating at each of the first and second frequencies (Frequency 1 and Frequency 2), a portion of the support surface is Fig.10 1 and 2. Surface area 42 represents the area or unit cell of support surface 13 to which the proximal ends of first protruding member 14a and second protruding member 14b will be connected. Surface area 44 shows the area or unit cell of the rest of the support surface. In a first mode ("mode 1"), support surface 13 oscillates at frequency 1. In a second mode ("mode 2"), support surface 13 oscillates at frequency 2.

[0243] Material regions 42 adjacent to or surrounding each protruding member 14a, 14b are configured to exhibit resonance within a first set of frequencies, and remaining regions 44 (eg, from which bristles protrude) are configured to exhibit resonant oscillations at a second set of overlapping frequencies.

[0244] If a distributed, wide area RF cleaning mode is desired, the support structure 12 can be driven in Mode 1, with the frequency of oscillation (Frequency 1) within one set of resonant frequencies of the two sets of support structure regions (within the overlap between the resonant frequencies of the two sets of regions). As a result, all of the unit cells of the support surfaces 42, 44 are induced to oscillate at resonance (at Fig.10 As a result, oscillations are induced at the proximal ends of the protruding members 14a, 14b due to the oscillations of the region 42. Thus, the protruding elements are induced to oscillate, resulting in a spatially distributed RF intensity distribution.

[0245] In contrast, if a localized high intensity cleaning mode is desired ("Mode 2"), the support structure 12 may be driven with an oscillation frequency that is outside the set of resonant frequencies of the region 42 adjacent to the protruding members 14a, 14b, but which is a resonant frequency of the remaining region 44 of the support structure 12. In this mode, the protruding members do not cause large amplitude oscillations because the cells 42 of the support surface 13 to which they are connected oscillate non-resonantly (as schematically indicated by the clear filling of the cells 42b), while the bristles may still oscillate at high amplitude because the region 44 of the surface to which they are connected oscillates resonantly.

[0246] Preferably, in the second mode the support surface may be driven to oscillate at a frequency that is anti-resonant or anti-harmonic with respect to the resonant frequency range of a region 42 of the support body leading to or surrounding each protruding member 14a, 14b.

[0247] Protruding members 14a, 14b may each have a natural or resonant oscillation frequency within the first set of mechanical resonant frequencies of region 42 of support surface 13 to which they are connected. In some examples, it may have the same set of mechanical resonant frequencies.

[0248] According to one or more embodiments, different resonant frequency ranges for different regions 42, 44 of the support surface may be achieved by using acoustic metamaterials.

[0249] Metamaterials are an emerging technology and involve engineered materials that are characterized by their structure (the geometric arrangement of one or more materials) rather than by their material composition. Metamaterials enable new physical properties and features that are not available in naturally occurring materials, such as negative refractive index.

[0250] Acoustic metamaterials can be formed that exhibit negative or near-zero dynamic density and / or elastic modulus. Acoustic metamaterials can be composed of, for example, periodically arranged sub-wavelength unit cells. Acoustic metamaterials are characterized by exhibiting mechanical (acoustic) bands where wave propagation through the material cannot occur. These non-propagating bands are called band gaps of the material. Different units of the material can have different band gaps. This enables unconventional ways of manipulating energy.

[0251] For embodiments of the present invention, the acoustic metamaterial enables providing a support body 12 (e.g., a platen) having the above-mentioned different material regions 42, 44 (unit cells). A metamaterial support body 12 can be provided, wherein the unit cell 42 connected to the protruding member 14 has a first band gap (a frequency range in which acoustic vibrations cannot occur), while the remaining unit cells 44 do not have this band gap, or have different band gaps. In a first mode, the support body can oscillate at a first frequency outside the band gaps of all material regions 42, 44. This results in oscillation of all regions of the support body, including the region at the base of the protruding member. Therefore, the protruding member oscillates and generates a spatially distributed RF field. In a second mode, the support body can oscillate at a second frequency, which is within the (first) band gap of the region 42 connected to the protruding member, but not within any band gap of the remaining region 44. This results in oscillation of all regions of the support surface 13 except the region at the base of the protruding member. As a result, the protruding member does not oscillate.

[0252] In some embodiments, an acoustic metamaterial support body 12 may be provided that includes one or more material regions that exhibit band gaps, and in which a subset of the plurality of protruding members 14 is connected to the support surface 13 within these regions, and another subset is connected to the support surface 13 outside these regions. This creates a clean cell in which spatial regions are defined in which vibrations at certain frequencies cannot occur, so that when the support body vibrates at frequencies within the band gap, the subset of protruding members located in these regions will not oscillate. Therefore, when the support body vibrates at these frequencies, the regions of the protruding members remain substantially stationary, thereby generating locally higher intensity RF fields in these regions.

[0253] These metamaterial regions with band gaps can be positioned on the support surface 13 of the cleaning unit at locations that are designed to conform to certain anatomical features of structures in the oral cavity when the cleaning unit is received in the oral cavity. For example, the device can be a mouthpiece device, and the band gap regions can be formed in certain areas of the mouthpiece surface.

[0254] According to a set of advantageous embodiments the apparatus may comprise means allowing selective adjustment of the oscillation characteristics of different subsets of the protruding members to further adjust the spatial intensity distribution of the generated RF field. This may be achieved in different ways.

[0255] In one set of embodiments, an active mechanical damping element may be provided at the proximal end of each protruding member, adapted to apply adjustable mechanical damping to the proximal end of each member. In this way, the amplitude of oscillations of different subsets of the protruding members may be selectively adjusted in response to oscillations applied by the mechanical actuation or oscillation mechanism 82. For example, a high level of damping may be applied to a first subset of the protruding members, and a low level or zero damping applied to a second subset, such that the first subset exhibits a reduced amplitude of oscillation relative to the support surface compared to the second subset. Specific subsets of damped members and undamped subsets may be adjusted between different modes (e.g., by the controller 21), thereby adjusting the resulting spatial intensity distribution of the RF field between different modes.

[0256] The damping element may comprise, for example, a ring element extending around the base of each protruding member and operable to exert an adjustable radially inward force on the protruding members to exert an adjustable mechanical resistance.

[0257] Additionally or alternatively, according to one or more embodiments, the oscillation characteristics of different subsets of protruding members can be adjusted to different modes based on providing protruding members, and different subsets of protruding members exhibit different oscillation natural frequencies. In this way, different subsets can be caused to oscillate with larger or smaller amplitudes in different modes based on selectively adjusting the frequency of mechanical oscillations applied to the member (e.g., applied to the supporting surface) in different modes.

[0258] Additionally or alternatively, according to another set of embodiments, there may be provided an auxiliary actuation or forcing device arranged to provide auxiliary actuation or forcing to at least one or more subsets of the protruding members. This may be used, for example, to selectively counteract the primary oscillation applied to the support surface for oscillating the bristles.

[0259] According to one or more embodiments, the oral cleaning or treatment device 100 may further include a magnetic device or an electromagnetic device operable to apply a magnetic force or an electromagnetic force on each protruding member, and wherein switching between modes includes adjusting the motion pattern of the protruding member based in part on the use of the magnetic device or the electromagnetic device. The forcing device may be active or passive.

[0260] For the sake of brevity, the device is referred to herein as a magnetic device.

[0261] Fig.11 An example is schematically shown in FIG. This shows an example cleaning unit 10 including a magnetic device and a pair of protruding members 14a, 14b. The cleaning unit also includes a plurality of bristle bundles 42, which are arranged at Fig.11 In this example, the forcing device is an active forcing device.

[0262] In this example, the magnetic means comprises a further (central) protruding member 92 located between the first and second protruding members. In some examples, this may be a dielectric barrier member for further shaping of the RF field.

[0263] One of the first protruding member 14a and the further protruding member 92 comprises a permanent magnet 94, while the other comprises a solenoid 88a, which is positioned in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. The solenoid may comprise, for example, a coil or a coil ring.

[0264] One of the second protruding member 14b and the further protruding member further comprises a permanent magnet 94, while the other comprises a solenoid 88b positioned in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. The solenoid may comprise, for example, a coil or a coil ring. In this example, a single permanent magnet is provided in the central protruding member 92 for magnetically coupling the first solenoid 88a in the first protruding member 14a and the second solenoid 88b in the second protruding member 14b.

[0265] The resultant magnetic force exerted on each protruding member 14a, 14b may be controlled based on controlling the current supplied to the respective solenoid 88a, 88b.A controller may also be provided to control the current supplied to the solenoid.

[0266] This may be used alone or in combination with the other features outlined above to control the position or movement of the protruding members 14a, 14b in the different modes in order to vary the spatial RF field strength distribution between the different modes.

[0267] For example, according to one or more embodiments, the support surface 13 may oscillate at a first frequency. This may be used in part to oscillate, for example, the bristles 42 of the cleaning unit. In one mode of the device, the magnetic device may be controlled to exert a (magnetic or electromagnetic) reaction force on the protruding members 14a, 14b in synchronization with the oscillation of the support surface, thereby counteracting the movement of the protruding members 14a, 14b caused by the movement of the support surface 13.

[0268] The oscillation of the support surface 13 can be used to oscillate the bristles 42 included in the cleaning unit 10 and extending from the support surface 13. Due to this oscillation, in the absence of a reaction force, the protruding members are also caused to oscillate. For a more locally concentrated intensity mode, it is desirable that the protruding members are substantially stationary, or their oscillations are minimized. The magnetic device applies a resultant electromagnetic force synchronously (or anti-synchronously) with the support surface oscillation so as to counteract the movement of each protruding member that would otherwise occur due to the support surface oscillation.

[0269] This is schematically illustrated in Figure 12, which illustrates the operation of the magnetic device in a high intensity cleaning mode, where it is desired that the protruding members 14a, 14b are substantially stationary relative to the support surface 13. In the example of Figure 12, the support body 12 is driven in a lateral oscillation, and the magnetic device is arranged to apply a reaction force to counteract the lateral oscillation of the protruding members. However, in other examples, the oscillations and corresponding reaction forces may be in other directions, such as radial (rotational) oscillations and reaction forces, or vertical or axial (up and down) oscillations and reaction forces.

[0270] FIG. 12 shows a support surface driven in lateral oscillation. Fig.12a shows the oscillation phase of the support body 12 along the first direction, Figure 12b The phases of oscillation of the support body 12 in the opposite second direction are shown. This movement of the surface 13 in each phase (indicated by the black arrows) exerts a corresponding lateral force (indicated by the white arrows) on each protruding member. Fig.12a ), the ring, coil or planar solenoid 88a, 88b is driven by an electric current in a first direction, thereby generating a magnetic field induced reaction force (indicated by the shaded arrow) that pulls the first protruding member 14a toward the central protruding member 92 and pushes the second protruding member 14b away from the central member 92. In the second stage ( Figure 12b ), the rings, coils or planar solenoids 88a, 88b are driven by currents in opposite directions, thereby generating a magnetic field with a force (indicated by the shaded arrows) that pushes the first protruding member 14a away from the central protruding member 92 and pulls the second protruding member 14b toward the central member 92. Thus, the magnetic forces generated are controlled to counteract the motion of the protruding members caused by the oscillating support surface. Preferably, the reaction force exactly matches the oscillating force so that the protruding members remain stationary (no oscillation).

[0271] In at least the second mode, the magnetic mechanism may be disabled. The second mode may then be a wide area cleaning mode. Thus, in the second mode, the protruding members 14a, 14b are free to oscillate due to the oscillation of the support surface 13 at their proximal ends 20, and thus the field strength distribution is more spatially distributed or uniform.

[0272] In other embodiments, the magnetic device may be used alone to induce a pattern of oscillatory motion of the protruding members 14a, 14b without oscillation via the mechanical oscillation mechanism 82.

[0273] The solenoids 88a, 88b and exemplary drive circuit arrangements for the solenoids are shown in FIG. Fig.13 For ease of illustration, the solenoid coils are shown facing out of the page. However, in practice, each coil will be arranged to face the central protruding member 92 containing the permanent magnet (i.e., Fig.13The orientation shown in FIG. is 90 degrees).

[0274] Each solenoid 88a, 88b comprises a conductive coil, which can be, for example, engraved or stamped onto each protruding member 14a, 14b. The coil can be a planar coil, or it can be tubular. It can be a single loop coil or a multi-winding coil. Where the coil is engraved, an electrical insulating layer can be applied to cover the coil to prevent interference with the RF electrode 18. As shown, in this example, the first solenoid 88a and the second solenoid 88b are electrically coupled together in parallel, and the track of the circuit is connected to the oscillation driver 86. Therefore, the drive of the solenoids is synchronous in this example (although asynchronous drive is also possible in alternative examples).

[0275] In an advantageous example, the drive of the magnetic device and the drive of the mechanical oscillating mechanism 82, such as a transmission system (which oscillates the support structure 12) are synchronized by using a shared oscillating driver or signal generator. The oscillating driver can be constituted by the mechanical oscillating mechanism itself, so that the magnetic device is driven by the driver of the oscillating mechanism. For example, in an electric toothbrush, the shared driver can be the transmission system of the electric toothbrush.

[0276] exist Fig.14 An example of such an arrangement is schematically shown in .

[0277] As shown, the mechanical oscillator 82 includes an electrical oscillation signal generator 86 that generates a current that drives the motor of the mechanical oscillator to oscillate the support body. The signal generator is further coupled to the drive circuit of the magnetic device. Therefore, the two are driven synchronously with each other, so that the magnetic force generated by the solenoids 88a, 88b is always generated simultaneously with the lateral oscillation force, so that one can offset or eliminate the other.

[0278] The examples of magnetic devices described above relate to examples of active magnetic devices. However, passive options are also possible.

[0279] For example, the device may include replacing the above-mentioned FIG. 12- Fig.14 In the example of the embodiment of the present invention, a conductive plate or sheet is provided for each solenoid 88, which has a flat surface arranged facing the permanent magnet. When such a conductive sheet moves in a first direction relative to the permanent magnet, this induces eddy currents in the conductive sheet, and the eddy currents induce a secondary magnetic field, which induces a magnetic force in the opposite direction of movement of the conductive sheet. Thus, this arrangement provides a passive eddy current damper, which magnetically resists the movement of the protruding member caused by the oscillation of the support surface (via the mechanical oscillator 82).

[0280] A number of embodiments have been described above in which the change between different modes of the device is achieved by mechanical means, including controlling a change in the position or movement pattern of a protruding member. This affects a change in the resulting spatial intensity distribution of the RF field.

[0281] According to one or more embodiments, any of the above mechanical methods may be combined with any electrical means for controlling the RF field intensity distribution. For example, different subsets of protruding member electrodes may be selectively electrically activated or disabled. For example, a controller may be arranged to selectively provide a drive signal to electrodes of a subset of protruding members that are oscillating, while disabling a drive signal to a subset of electrodes that are controlled not to oscillate (e.g., by a reaction force), and vice versa.

[0282] The oral cleaning and / or treatment device 100 may also include a control unit or body portion 92 that is mechanically and electrically coupled to the cleaning unit. In this example, the mechanical oscillation mechanism 82 may be housed in the body portion. The RF generator 84 may also be housed in the body portion ( Fig.14 The controller 21 may also be disposed in the main body portion (not shown), operably connected to both the oscillation mechanism and the RF generator 84, and adapted to control the configuration of the mode of the device.

[0283] It should be noted that although in the above examples, the change between different modes is based on changing the motion mode of the protruding member, this is not the only way to mechanically change the RF field intensity distribution. Other examples may simply include changing the position of the protruding member to change the resulting field distribution, such as spreading the protruding member further to spread the RF field more widely, or pushing the protruding member closer to obtain a more locally focused field. This can be achieved, for example, by a suitable actuator. Suitable actuators may include, for example, piezoelectric actuator elements, ferroelectric polymer actuators, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) actuator elements, electroactive polymer (EAP) actuator elements, electromagnetic rheological actuators, or any other suitable examples.

[0284] As mentioned above, the oral cleaning and / or treatment device can take different forms. In one example, the device 100 is a toothbrush device. Fig.15 An example is schematically shown in FIG. The cleaning unit 10 in this example is a brush head for a toothbrush.

[0285] The device also includes a main body portion 92 housing the RF generator 84, which is mechanically and electrically connected to the cleaning unit 10. Fig.15In the example shown, the body portion also houses the mechanical oscillation mechanism 82, including one mechanical oscillation mechanism 82. The body portion may also house a controller 21 operatively coupled to the RF generator and the mechanical oscillation mechanism and adapted to control switching between different modes.

[0286] The main body portion 92 is electrically and mechanically connected to the cleaning unit 10 portion. Fig.15 A mechanical connector element 83 (eg a drive shaft) is schematically shown which mechanically couples the oscillator mechanism 82 with the cleaning unit support body 12. The body portion 92 forms a handle for the device. An electrical connection is also provided between the head and body portions.

[0287] Alternatively, the cleaning unit 10 may be arranged to be releasably connected to the main body portion 92, such that the cleaning unit can be detached from the main body portion.

[0288] Other types of oral cleaning and / or treatment devices may also be provided, such as brushing mouthpiece devices that do not include a connected handle or body portion.

[0289] By way of non-limiting example, exemplary oral cleaning or treatment devices that may be provided according to embodiments of the present invention include:

[0290] - toothbrush devices (e.g. electric toothbrushes);

[0291] - Oral irrigator;

[0292] - dental flossing device;

[0293] - a combined brushing and flossing device, such as one adapted to simultaneously provide powered brushing and delivery of a fluid stream or jet; and

[0294] – Mouthpiece devices, such as a brush mouthpiece device.

[0295]

[0011] Embodiments according to another aspect of the present invention provide a method of configuring a treatment mode of an oral cleaning device.

[0296] Oral cleaning device, comprising:

[0297] A cleaning unit comprising: a supporting body, at least two protruding members extending outwardly from a supporting surface of the supporting body, each of the protruding members comprising one or more electrodes, the protruding members being spaced apart from each other, and

[0298] An RF generator is configured to provide a drive signal to the first electrode and the second electrode to induce an RF field in an area around and between the first and second protruding members to provide an oral cleaning function when the oral cleaning unit is received in the oral cavity.

[0299] The method includes:

[0300] selectively adjusting the apparatus between at least two treatment modes, a first mode in which the apparatus is arranged to generate an RF field having a first spatial intensity distribution and a second mode in which the apparatus is arranged to generate an RF field having a second, different spatial intensity distribution, and

[0301] The switching between the modes comprises controlling a change in the position or movement pattern of the protruding member, and / or comprises controlling a change in the characteristics of a drive signal or drive scheme of the RF generator.

[0302] In order to further illustrate the principle of the present invention, Fig.16 An example workflow followed by an advantageous set according to one or more embodiments is outlined. The workflow may be, for example, a control method implemented by a controller of an apparatus according to one or more embodiments.

[0303] The cleaning or treatment device according to the present example can be operated in at least a first mode ("mode 1") representing a standard cleaning mode and at least a second mode ("mode 2") representing a treatment mode. The treatment mode can be used to apply an adapted RF field (with an adapted field shape) in a specific localized area of ​​the oral cavity for treating the area, such as more intense RF cleaning, or a different RF treatment mode or type.

[0304] The device starts up in the first cleaning mode 202 by default.

[0305] The controller is adapted to detect when the cleaning unit of the device approaches a predetermined area of ​​interest known to require supplemental RF treatment, such as a fault point. This may be based on the use of a position and / or orientation sensor. In response to detecting that the cleaning unit is approaching the area of ​​interest, the controller triggers 206 a transition to a second mode ("Mode 2"). Alternatively, the transition to the second mode may be manually triggered based on a user input command from a user input element such as a button.

[0306] In the second mode, the spatial intensity distribution of the generated RF field is changed compared to the first mode. The modification of the RF field distribution can be achieved in different ways as described above. The change of the field distribution can be achieved 208 mechanically based on changing the position or movement pattern of the protruding member. Additionally or alternatively, the change of the field distribution can be achieved electrically based on selectively activating or deactivating electrodes of different subsets of the protruding member. The latter method allows the drive signal to be provided to a specific spatial pattern of electrodes to generate RF field energy, so that a synthetic RF field with a desired synthetic field distribution can be generated.

[0307] After mechanical 208 or electronic 210 adaptation of the field distribution or both, an optional further step 212 may be implemented, including changing one or more further electrical characteristics of the RF field. This step may include one or more of the following:

[0308] Implementing cyclic scanning of RF frequencies;

[0309] varying the frequency of the RF field; and

[0310] A pulsed RF field is implemented, and the duty cycle of the RF pulses is adjusted.

[0311] The treatment mode with the changed RF field ("Mode 2") continues until a predetermined exit trigger is reached 214. For example, a change back to the first mode may be triggered after a predetermined time has elapsed, or until a certain amount of RF energy has been delivered, such as a certain number of RF pulses, or until the controller detects that the cleaning unit has moved away from a predetermined area of ​​interest (e.g., a fault point).

[0312] As described above, certain embodiments utilize a controller. A controller may be implemented in a variety of ways using software and / or hardware to perform the various functions required. A processor is an example of a controller that employs one or more microprocessors that may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the desired functions. However, a controller may be implemented with or without a processor, and may also be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware that performs certain functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) that performs other functions.

[0313] Examples of controller components that may be employed in various embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0314] In various implementations, a processor or controller may be associated with one or more storage media such as volatile and non-volatile computer memory (such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM). The storage media may be encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more processors and / or controllers, perform the desired functions. The various storage media may be fixed within the processor or controller, or may be transportable so that one or more programs stored thereon may be loaded into the processor or controller.

[0315] By studying the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims, those skilled in the art can understand and implement variations of the disclosed embodiments when practicing the described invention. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

[0316] A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims.

[0317] The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0318] If the term "suitable for" is used in the claims or the specification, it should be noted that the term "suitable for" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured to".

[0319] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. An oral cleaning and / or treatment device (100), comprising: A cleaning unit (10) comprising: a support body (12), two or more protruding members (14a, 14b), each protruding member extending outwardly from a support surface (13) of the support body and each protruding member comprising one or more electrodes (18a, 18b), the protruding members being spaced apart from each other; and a radio frequency (RF) generator (84) arranged to supply one or more drive signals to or between the electrodes of the two or more projecting members to induce an RF alternating field around the projecting members and / or in the area between the projecting members to provide an oral cleaning function according to a drive scheme, wherein the drive scheme includes at least one of the following information: drive signals to be provided to individual electrodes, a pattern of drive signals to be provided to the entire electrode group, a pattern of electrodes activated at any given time, and drive signal amplitudes for different electrodes at different points across the support body; wherein the oral cleaning and / or treatment device is adapted to be selectively configurable into at least two different modes, a first mode in which the device is arranged to generate an RF field having a first spatial intensity distribution and a second mode in which the device is arranged to generate an RF field having a second, different spatial intensity distribution, wherein switching between the modes comprises using an actuator to control a change in the position or movement pattern of the protruding member, and / or comprises controlling a change in a characteristic of the drive signal or the drive scheme; wherein each mode is arranged to generate an RF field having a different time-averaged spatial intensity distribution over a defined time window; and Therein, in the first mode, the spatial intensity distribution is more spatially uniform than in the second mode.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a controller adapted to enable selective switching between the modes, wherein the controller is adapted to switch between the modes based on: controlling the actuator to control a change in position or movement pattern of the protruding member; and / or The RF generator is controlled to effect a change in a characteristic of the drive signal or the drive scheme.

3. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The apparatus is configured to generate an RF field intensity distribution comprising one or more intensity peaks or field gradients, and wherein in a first mode the peaks or field gradients are configured to move spatially relative to the support surface as a function of time, and wherein in a second mode the peaks or field gradients are configured to exhibit reduced or no motion relative to the support surface.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the RF generator is operable to independently control drive signals supplied to different subsets of the protruding members, and wherein changing between the modes comprises selectively activating or deactivating electrodes of different subsets of the protruding members.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein Each of the protruding members is adapted to be flexible to allow at least a distal portion of the protruding member to flex or oscillate relative to a proximal end of the member, The device further comprises an oscillating mechanism (82) arranged to cause oscillation of at least a distal portion of the projecting member, Wherein switching between the at least two modes is based on adjusting a frequency of oscillation of the protruding member.

6. A device according to claim 5, wherein the oscillation mechanism (82) is arranged to oscillate the support surface (13) of the cleaning unit at an adjustable frequency, thereby causing the oscillation of the protruding member, and wherein switching between the modes comprises adjusting the frequency of the oscillation of the support surface.

7. The device (100) of claim 6, wherein at least a portion of each of the protruding members exhibits oscillations of a natural frequency relative to the proximal end, and wherein, In a first mode, the frequency of the oscillation of the support surface is set to a frequency that resonates with the natural frequency, and in a second mode, the frequency of the oscillation of the support surface is set to a frequency that does not resonate with the natural frequency.

8. The device (100) of claim 7, wherein in the second mode, the frequency of the oscillation of the support surface is set to a frequency that is anti-resonant with a natural frequency of the protruding member.

9. The device (100) according to claim 5, wherein each of the protruding members has a proximal end connected to the support surface, and wherein a region of the support body that meets or surrounds the proximal end of each protruding member has a first set of mechanical resonant frequencies and a remainder of the surface has a second set of mechanical resonant frequencies, And wherein in a first mode, the support surface is driven to oscillate at a frequency that is resonant with both the first set of frequencies and the second set of frequencies, and in a second mode, the support surface is driven to oscillate at a frequency that is non-resonant with the first set of frequencies and resonant with the second set of frequencies.

10. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1-2 and 6-9, wherein the device further comprises a magnetic force device or an electromagnetic force device, the magnetic force device or the electromagnetic force device being arranged to exert a magnetic force or an electromagnetic force on each of the protruding members, and wherein, Switching between the modes includes adjusting a movement pattern of the protruding member based at least in part on use of the magnetic device.

11. The device (100) of claim 10, wherein the support surface oscillates at a first frequency, and wherein: In one mode, the magnetic device is controlled to exert a reaction force pattern on the protruding member in synchronism with the oscillation of the support surface so as to counteract or eliminate movement of the protruding member caused by movement of the support surface.

12. The device according to any one of claims 1-2, 6-9 and 11, wherein the device comprises a controller adapted to determine a position or orientation of the cleaning unit, and wherein switching between the modes is triggered based on the determined position or orientation.

13. A method of configuring a mode of an oral cleaning and / or treatment device, The oral cleaning and / or treatment device (100) comprises: A cleaning unit (10) comprising: two or more protruding members (14a, 14b), each protruding member extending outwardly from a support surface (13) of the support body, and each protruding member comprising one or more electrodes (18a, 18b), the protruding members being spaced apart from each other; and a radio frequency (RF) generator (84) arranged to supply one or more drive signals to or between the electrodes of the two or more projecting members to induce an RF alternating field in the area around the projecting members and / or between the projecting members to provide an oral cleaning function in accordance with a drive scheme, wherein the drive scheme includes at least one of the following information: drive signals to be provided to individual electrodes, a pattern of electrodes to be activated at any given time, and drive signal amplitudes for different electrodes at different points across the support body; The method comprises: selectively adjusting the apparatus between at least two modes, in a first mode the apparatus is arranged to generate an RF field having a first spatial intensity distribution and in a second mode the apparatus is arranged to generate an RF field having a second, different spatial intensity distribution, and wherein switching between the modes comprises controlling a change in the position or movement pattern of the protruding member, and / or comprises controlling a change in a characteristic of the drive signal or the drive scheme, wherein each mode is arranged to generate an RF field having a different time-averaged spatial intensity distribution over a defined time window; and Therein, in the first mode, the spatial intensity distribution is more spatially uniform than in the second mode.

14. A computer program product comprising computer program code executable on a processor, wherein the code is configured to cause the processor to perform the method according to claim 13.

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