A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) and a method implemented therein

Abstract

Disclosed are systems, methods, and tools for narrowband (NB) LTE operation. A WTRU may receive a first downlink data transmission, such as via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). In response to receiving the first downlink data transmission, the WTRU may determine to send a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK). The WTRU may transmit a first uplink reference signal. The WTRU may indicate a HARQ-ACK using a first cyclic shift index applied to the first uplink reference signal. The WTRU may determine to send a HARQ negative ACK (HARQ NACK), such as when a second downlink data transmission is not correctly received. The WTRU may send a second uplink reference signal. The WTRU may indicate a HARQ-NACK using a second cyclic shift applied to the second uplink reference signal.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 201680063776.5, entitled “Method and Process for Narrowband LTE Operation”, filed on November 4, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 250,798, filed November 4, 2015; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 272,835, filed December 30, 2015; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 290,630, filed February 3, 2016; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 307,856, filed March 14, 2016; the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0004] As wireless communication systems such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system mature and their network deployment evolves, network operators want to reduce the cost of communication networks and maintenance of communication networks. The cost of a communication network can be reduced by reducing the channel bandwidth and / or data rate used to communicate with one or more devices. For example, when a device in the network and / or the network itself communicates with such a device, it is possible that it only supports a portion of the channel bandwidth instead of the entire channel bandwidth. A wireless communication system (e.g., LTE) may consider reducing the bandwidth used for some devices, such as machine type communication (MTC) devices, to a certain level (e.g., 1.4 MHz). The bandwidth reduction level considered can have higher compatibility with legacy systems, and / or can reduce the time and / or cost of new designs (as an example, because LTE cells can already support operation using a 1.4 MHz system bandwidth). Further bandwidth reduction is desirable for some devices (e.g., smart watches and alarm clocks), thereby even further reducing costs. Further bandwidth reduction (e.g., down to about 200 kHz) can be implemented. However, attempting to support bandwidth reduction operations can result in complex situations, such as problems related to compatibility with legacy system operations. Summary of the invention

[0005] Disclosed are systems, methods, and tools for narrowband (NB) LTE operations. NB operations may be used by devices that support operations that use a portion of a cell / system bandwidth. For example, a NB device may be configured to operate in a cell having a transmission bandwidth greater than the first bandwidth (e.g., 10 MHz, 20 MHz, etc.) using a first bandwidth (e.g., 1.4 MHz, 200 kHz, etc.).

[0006] The WTRU may receive a first downlink data transmission, for example, via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). In response to receiving the first downlink data transmission, the WTRU may determine to send a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK). The WTRU may transmit a first uplink signal (e.g., an uplink reference signal). The WTRU may indicate the HARQ-ACK using a first cyclic shift index of a first sequence of (e.g., applied to) the first uplink signal. The first cyclic shift index may be applied to multiple reference signals spanning multiple uplink single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols. The first downlink data transmission may be received in a first subframe. The first uplink signal may be sent in a second subframe. The first uplink signal may be an uplink reference signal corresponding to a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) or a sounding reference signal (SRS). The first uplink reference signal may be sent via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0007] The WTRU may determine to send a HARQ negative ACK (HARQ NACK), for example, when a second downlink data transmission is not correctly received. The WTRU may send a second uplink signal (e.g., a second uplink reference signal). The WTRU may use (e.g., applied to) a second cyclic shift of a second sequence of the second uplink signal to indicate the HARQ-NACK. The first sequence and the second sequence may use the same base sequence. The base sequence may be a Zadoff-Chu sequence. The first cyclic shift index may be different from the second cyclic shift index. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram of an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0009] Figure 1B Yes, you can Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system is shown.

[0010] Figure 1C Yes, you can Figure 1A System diagram of an example radio access network and an example core network for use within a communication system is shown.

[0011] Figure 1D Yes, you can Figure 1A A system diagram of another example radio access network and an example core network for use within a communication system is shown.

[0012] Figure 1E Yes, you can Figure 1ASystem diagram of another example radio access network and example core network used inside the shown communication system.

[0013] Figure 2 It is a diagram of an example mapping to physical resource blocks for PUCCH.

[0014] Figure 3 It is a diagram of an example UCI and UL-SCH multiplexing in PUSCH.

[0015] Figure 4 It is a diagram of an example mapping to physical resource blocks for PUCCH.

[0016] Figure 5 It is a diagram of an example extended subframe (E-subframe).

[0017] Figure 6 It is a diagram of an example E-subframe.

[0018] Figure 7 It is a diagram of an example E-subframe where each frame has four available DL subframes.

[0019] Figure 8 It is a diagram of an example symbol extension.

[0020] Fig. 9 It is a diagram of an example sub-block transmission of a narrowband master information block (NB-MIB).

[0021] Fig.10 It is a diagram of an example of multiple permutation sequences for sub-blocks.

[0022] Fig.11 It is a diagram of an example time extension of UCI on PUSCH when Msub = Nsub.

[0023] Fig.12 It is a diagram of an example time extension of UCI on PUSCH when Msub < Nsub.

[0024] Fig.13 It is a diagram of an example time extension of UCI on PUSCH when Msym < Nsub.

[0025] Fig.14 It is a diagram of an example HARQ-ACK transmission in the uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS).

[0026] Fig.15 It is a diagram of example modulation symbols for HARQ-ACK transmission.

[0027] Fig.16 It is a diagram of an example HARQ-ACK channel in an UpPTS with two symbols.

[0028] Fig.17 is a diagram of an example HARQ-ACK channel in UpPTS with one symbol.

[0029] Fig.18 is an illustration of example HARQ-ACK information and RS multiplexing in a symbol. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Now, the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments will be described with reference to the various drawings. Although the present specification provides detailed examples of possible implementations, it should be noted that these details are exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0031] Figure 1A is a diagram of an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 allows multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources including wireless bandwidth. As an example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), etc.

[0032] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, and / or 102d (generally referred to as WTRUs 102), a radio access network (RAN) 103 / 104 / 105, a core network 106 / 107 / 109, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, but it should be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network components. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronic device, etc.

[0033] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112, by wirelessly interfacing with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The base stations 114a, 114b may be, by way of example, a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although each of the base stations 114a, 114b is depicted as a single component, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network components.

[0034] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, and the RAN may also include other base stations and / or network components (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, and the like. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a specific geographic area referred to as a cell (not shown). The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, each transceiver corresponds to a sector of the cell. In another embodiment, the base station 114a may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, whereby multiple transceivers may be used for each sector of the cell.

[0035] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d via an air interface 115 / 116 / 117, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 115 / 116 / 117 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0036] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), and the technology may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0037] In another embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A).

[0038] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio access technologies such as IEEE802.16 (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0039] As an example, Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the example may be a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may use any appropriate RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless local area network (WLAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE802.11. In another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15. In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a picocell or a femtocell by using a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, etc.). Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b does not necessarily need to access the Internet 110 via the core network 106 / 107 / 109.

[0040] The RAN 103 / 104 / 105 may be in communication with a core network 106 / 107 / 109, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. For example, the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A Although not shown, it will be appreciated that the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 103 / 104 / 105. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 employing E-UTRA radio technology, the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing GSM radio technology.

[0041] The core network 106 / 107 / 109 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another core network connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 103 / 104 / 105.

[0042] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities, e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links. Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0043] Figure 1B is a system diagram of an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and other peripherals 138. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing components while remaining consistent with the embodiments. The embodiments herein also contemplate that the base stations 114a and 114b, and / or the nodes represented by the base stations 114a and 114b, may include Figure 1B Some or all of the components depicted in and described herein, in particular, the nodes represented by base stations 114a and 114b can be transceiver stations (BTS), node Bs, site controllers, access points (APs), home node Bs, evolved home node Bs (eNode Bs), home evolved node Bs (HeNBs), home evolved node B gateways, and proxy nodes, but are not limited to these.

[0044] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it should be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated into one electronic component or chip.

[0045] The transmit / receive component 122 can be configured to transmit signals to a base station (e.g., base station 114a) or receive signals from a base station via an air interface 115 / 116 / 117. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, as an example, the transmit / receive component 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 can be configured to transmit and receive RF and light signals. It should be appreciated that the transmit / receive component 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0046] In addition, although Figure 1B 102 as a single component, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive components 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive components 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving radio signals via the air interface 115 / 116 / 117.

[0047] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers that allow the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as UTRA and IEEE 802.11.

[0048] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may receive user input data from these components. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store information in any suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 106 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memories that are not physically located in the WTRU 102, such as, for example, a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0049] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power for use by other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0050] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) related to the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information via any suitable positioning method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0051] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game console modules, Internet browsers, and more.

[0052] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram of the RAN 103 and the core network 106 according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 103 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 115. The RAN 103 may also be in communication with the core network 106. Figure 1C As shown, the RAN 103 may include Node-Bs 140a, 140b, 140c, each of which may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 115. Each of the Node-Bs 140a, 140b, 140c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) within the RAN 103. The RAN 103 may also include RNCs 142a, 142b. It will be appreciated that the RAN 103 may include any number of Node-Bs and RNCs while remaining consistent with the embodiment.

[0053] like Figure 1C As shown, Node B 140a, 140b can communicate with RNC 142a. In addition, Node B 140c can also communicate with RNC 142b. Node B 140a, 140b, 140c can communicate with corresponding RNC 142a, 142b via Iub interface. RNC 142a, 142b can communicate with each other via Iur interface. Each of RNC 142a, 142b can be configured to control the corresponding Node B 140a, 140b, 140c connected thereto. In addition, each of RNC 142a, 142b can be configured to perform or support other functions, such as outer loop power control, load control, admission control, packet scheduling, switching control, macro diversity, security functions, data encryption, etc.

[0054] Figure 1CThe illustrated core network 106 may include a media gateway (MGW) 144, a mobile switching center (MSC) 146, a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 148, and / or a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 150. Although each of the foregoing components are described as being part of the core network 106, it should be appreciated that entities other than the core network operator may own and / or operate any of these components.

[0055] The RNC 142a in the RAN 103 may be connected to the MSC 146 in the core network 106 via an IuCS interface. The MSC 146 may be connected to the MGW 144. The MSC 146 and the MGW 144 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.

[0056] The RNC 142a in the RAN 103 may also be connected to the SGSN 148 in the core network 106 via an IuPS interface. The SGSN 148 may in turn be connected to the GGSN 150. The SGSN 148 and the GGSN 150 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0057] As described above, the core network 106 may also be connected to the networks 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0058] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram of the RAN 104 and the core network 107 according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In addition, the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the core network 107.

[0059] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0060] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink and / or downlink, etc. Figure 1D As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0061] Figure 1D The illustrated core network 107 may include a mobility management gateway (MME) 162, a serving gateway 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 166. Although each of the above components are described as being part of the core network 107, it should be understood that entities other than the core network operator may also own and / or operate any of these components.

[0062] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may also provide a control plane function to facilitate handover between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM or WCDMA.

[0063] The serving gateway 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The serving gateway 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The serving gateway 164 may also perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when downlink data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0064] The serving gateway 164 may also be connected to the PDN gateway 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0065] The core network 107 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the core network 107 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks such as the PSTN 108 to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. As an example, the core network 107 may include or communicate with an IP gateway, such as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server, which serves as an interface between the core network 106 and the PSTN 108. The core network 107 may also provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the networks 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0066] Figure 1E 1 is a system diagram of the RAN 105 and the core network 109 according to one embodiment. The RAN 105 may be an access service network (ASN) that communicates with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 117 using IEEE 802.16 radio technology. As discussed further below, communication links between the different functional entities of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, the RAN 104, and the core network 109 may be defined as reference points.

[0067] like Figure 1EAs shown, the RAN 105 may include base stations 180a, 180b, 180c and an ASN gateway 182, but it should be appreciated that the RAN 105 may include any number of base stations and ASN gateways while remaining consistent with the embodiment. Each base station 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) in the RAN 105, and each base station may include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 117. In one embodiment, the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the base station 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a, and receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. The base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may also provide mobility management functions, such as handover triggering, tunnel establishment, radio resource management, traffic classification, quality of service (QoS) policy implementation, and the like. The ASN gateway 182 may act as a traffic aggregation point and may be responsible for implementing paging, subscriber profile caching, routing to the core network 106, and the like.

[0068] The air interface 117 between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the RAN 105 may be defined as an R1 reference point implementing the IEEE 802.16 specification. In addition, each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may establish a logical interface (not shown) with the core network 109. The logical interface between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the core network 109 may be defined as an R2 reference point, which may be used for authentication, authorization, IP host configuration management, and / or mobility management.

[0069] The communication link between each of the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may be defined as an R8 reference point, which includes protocols for facilitating WTRU handovers and data transfer between base stations. The communication link between the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c and the ASN gateway 182 may be defined as an R6 reference point. The R6 reference point may include protocols for facilitating mobility management based on mobility events associated with each WTRU 102a, 102b, 180c.

[0070] like Figure 1EAs shown, the RAN 105 may be connected to a core network 109. The communication link between the RAN 105 and the core network 109 may be defined as an R3 reference point, which, as an example, includes protocols for facilitating data transfer and mobility management capabilities. The core network 109 may include a mobile IP home agent (MIP-HA) 184, an authentication authorization accounting (AAA) server 186, and a gateway 188. Although each of the aforementioned components are described as being part of the core network 109, it should be appreciated that an entity other than the core network operator may own and / or operate any of these components.

[0071] The MIP-HA may be responsible for implementing IP address management and may allow the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to roam between different ASNs and / or different core networks. The MIP-HA 184 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The AAA server 186 may be responsible for implementing user authentication and supporting user services. The gateway 188 may facilitate interworking with other networks. For example, the gateway 188 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communications devices. In addition, the gateway 188 may also provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the networks 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0072] Although in Figure 1E Not shown, but appreciated, the RAN 105 may be connected to other ASNs, and the core network 109 may be connected to other core networks. The communication link between the RAN 105 and the other ASNs may be defined as an R4 reference point, which may include protocols for coordinating the mobility of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c between the RAN 105 and the other ASNs. The communication link between the core network 109 and the other core networks may be defined as an R5 reference point, which may include protocols for facilitating interworking between a home core network and a visited core network.

[0073] The LTE system can operate a carrier and / or cell with a predetermined system bandwidth (BW) (e.g., 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, etc.) and in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL). The subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz. A time slot can contain 0.5 ms. A subframe can contain 2 time slots and / or 1 ms in time. A frame can contain one or more subframes (e.g., 10). DL can be based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). UL can be based on single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). A subframe can include one or more symbols (e.g., 14 symbols in a subframe for a normal cyclic prefix (CP)). The first 0, 1, 2, or 3 symbols in the DL can be used and / or reserved for a physical DL control channel (PDCCH) or other purposes.

[0074] The allocation in UL and / or DL ​​may be based on resource blocks (RBs) and / or RB pairs. An RB may include 1 slot × 12 subcarriers (e.g., 1 slot × 180 kHz). As an example, at least some channels (e.g., physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), PUSCH) may use a minimum allocation. For example, the minimum allocation may be an RB pairing. An RB pairing may include 2 slots (e.g., 1 subframe). An RB may include a physical RB (PRB). RB and PRB may be used interchangeably. RB may represent a single RB, an RB pairing, and / or a PRB pairing.

[0075] The system and / or system components (e.g., WTRU / UE, device, or eNode B) may use, operate, and / or allocate resources. The system and / or system components may use, operate, and / or allocate resources in a bandwidth that is different (e.g., relatively smaller) from at least one other communication system bandwidth, such as an LTE bandwidth. As an example, a device may be configured to use an LTE bandwidth such as a 1.4 MHz bandwidth, and to use a second bandwidth that may be smaller than the LTE system bandwidth. The different (e.g., smaller or reduced) bandwidth may be 200 kHz or 180 kHz (e.g., a 200 kHz total BW with 180 kHz available or transmission BW). The term narrowband LTE (NB-LTE) may be used to refer to or represent a system and / or system component when a device is configured to operate using a portion (e.g., a subset) of the LTE system bandwidth. An example of NB-LTE operation may include a device operating using a total bandwidth of 200 kHz (e.g., with 180 kHz available bandwidth) while camping and / or connected to an LTE cell, wherein the LTE cell uses a cell bandwidth of 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHZ, 10 MHZ, or 20 MHz. LTE is used as a non-limiting example of a type of communication system. Other types of communication systems may be substituted for LTE and still be consistent with the present disclosure.

[0076] A WTRU that is configured to operate in a relatively smaller bandwidth compared to the LTE bandwidth may be referred to as an NB-LTE WTRU. WTRU, bandwidth-restricted WTRU, NB-LTE WTRU, NB-IoT WTRU, IoT WTRU, low-cost WTRU, low-complexity WTRU, reduced bandwidth WTRU, and capability-restricted WTRU may be used interchangeably herein. The terms coverage-restricted WTRU and reduced bandwidth WTRU may be used interchangeably herein.

[0077] Herein, the terms cell and eNB are used interchangeably.

[0078] Although some examples may be described with respect to PDCCH, these examples may also apply to signaling using other types of control channels, such as enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH), machine type communication (MTC) PDCCH (M-PDCCH), narrowband PDCCH (NB-PDCCH) and / or other DL control channels, and still be consistent with the present disclosure. The terms component carrier (CC) and serving cell are used interchangeably herein. The terms WTRU, WTRU media access control (MAC) entity, and MAC entity are used interchangeably herein.

[0079] Examples of uplink control information (UCI) transmission are provided herein. LTE UCI may include UL feedback information. The UL feedback information may include hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information (e.g., acknowledgement (ACK) and / or negative ACK (NACK)) corresponding to a DL transmission, a rank indicator (RI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and / or channel quality information (CQI). The CQI may indicate a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level (e.g., a preferred MCS level). The PMI may indicate a precoding matrix (e.g., a preferred precoding matrix) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation. The RI may indicate the number of layers (e.g., a preferred number).

[0080] The supported UCI transmission formats may be two or more. The two or more UCI transmission formats may include UCI transmission based on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), UCI transmission based on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and the like.

[0081] PUCCH-based UCI transmission may include a dedicated channel for UCI transmission. The dedicated channel for UCI transmission may be located at the UL system bandwidth boundary (eg, PUCCH region).

[0082] Figure 2 An example mapping 200 to physical resource blocks for PUCCH is described. The LTE PUCCH control structure may use frequency domain code multiplexing. The frequency domain code multiplexing may include cyclic time shifts of the base sequence. The LTE PUCCH control structure may use time domain code multiplexing. The time domain code multiplexing may include different orthogonal block spreading codes. The LTE PUCCH control structure may enable an efficient orthogonal control channel that supports small payloads (e.g., up to 22 coded bits) from two or more WTRUs (e.g., simultaneously). The LTE PUCCH control structure may improve the ability to operate at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).

[0083] Figure 3 Example UCI and UL-SCH multiplexing in PUSCH is described 300. UCI transmission may be sent via PUSCH (e.g., UCI on PUSCH). One or more resource elements (REs) used for CQI / PMI, ACK / NACK, and / or RI may be based on the MCS assigned for PUSCH. One or more offset parameters may be configured via higher layer signaling (e.g., semi-static configuration).

[0084] The physical resources used for PUCCH may depend on one or more parameters (e.g., two parameters). The one or more parameters may be provided by one or more higher layers. For example, the physical resources used for PUCCH may be based on the physical resources provided by the higher layers. and / or variable The bandwidth may be indicated based on the number of available resource blocks (e.g., for PUCCH format 2 / 2a / 2b transmissions in each slot). The cyclic shift number used for PUCCH format 1 / 1a / 1b in a resource block used for a mixture of formats 1 / 1a / 1b and 2 / 2a / 2b may be indicated. The value can include An integer multiple of (for example, in the range of {0,1,...,7}). The value of may be provided by one or more higher layers. Then there will be no mixed resource blocks. Resource blocks in each time slot can support a mix of formats (e.g. 1 / 1a / 1b and 2 / 2a / 2b). Resources used for transmission of PUCCH formats (e.g. 1 / 1a / 1b, 2 / 2a / 2b and / or 3) can be indexed by non-negative indices as well as express.

[0085] Complex value symbol block can be combined with the amplitude scaling factor β PUCCH Multiply (for example, to meet the specified transmission power P PUCCH ). The complex-valued symbol block can be PUCCH can use resource blocks in each of the two time slots in a subframe. Within the physical resource block used for transmission, The mapping to resource elements (k, l) on antenna port p (as an example and not used for transmitting reference signals) may be in increasing order (eg, from k, then l and finally the slot number). The mapping of can start from the first time slot in a subframe. The relationship between and antenna port number p can be given in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1: Examples of antenna ports used for different physical channels and signals

[0087]

[0088] For time slot n s The physical resource block for PUCCH transmission in can be determined based on the following formula

[0089]

[0090] The variable m may depend on the PUCCH format. For example, when the PUCCH is formatted as 1, 1a and / or 1b, the variable m may be expressed as:

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] When the PUCCH is formatted as 2, 2a and / or 2b, the variable m may be expressed as:

[0094]

[0095] When PUCCH is formatted as 3, the variable m can be expressed as:

[0096]

[0097] Figure 4 An example mapping 400 of modulation symbols to physical resource blocks for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) is described. When PUCCH formats 1, 1a, 1b, and / or 3 are used to send a sounding reference signal and one serving cell is configured, a shortened PUCCH format may be used. For example, the last single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol in the second slot of a subframe may be left blank / blanked, and then the last SC-FDMA symbol may be used by one or more WTRUs to send an SRS in the serving cell (e.g., as per WTRU configuration and / or network triggering). PUCCH formats 1a / 1b may support one or more (e.g., two) antenna ports (p∈[p0,p 1 ]) on HARQ-ACK transmission.

[0098] For FDD and a configured serving cell, the WTRU can use PUCCH resources In the case of mapping with antenna port p for PUCCH format 1a / 1b For a PDSCH transmission indicated by detecting a corresponding PDCCH in subframe n-4 and / or for a PDCCH indicating a downlink SPS release in subframe n-4, the WTRU may transmit HARQ-ACK for antenna port p. 0 use Where n CCE It may represent the number of the first CCE assigned for transmitting the corresponding downlink control information (DCI) (eg, the lowest CCE index used to construct the PDCCH). It can be configured by one or more higher layers. For dual antenna port transmission, the number of antenna ports for antenna port p 1 The PUCCH resources can be used express.

[0099] For frequency division duplex (FDD) and one configured serving cell, the WTRU can use PUCCH resources to In the case of mapping with antenna port p for PUCCH format 1a / 1b For PDSCH transmission on the primary cell, if the corresponding PDCCH is not detected in subframe n-4, then The value of may be determined according to a higher layer configuration. For a WTRU configured for transmission on one or more (e.g., two) antenna ports, the PUCCH resource value may be mapped to one or more (e.g., two) PUCCH resources. The first PUCCH resource of the one or more PUCCH resources may be mapped to the first PUCCH resource of the one or more PUCCH resources. It can represent the first antenna port p 0 A second PUCCH resource among the one or more PUCCH resources Can represent the second antenna port p 1 The PUCCH resource value may be mapped to the first antenna port p 0 A single PUCCH resource

[0100] In one example, different transmissions may use different transmission timings. For example, different transmissions may be associated with different bandwidths, and different bandwidth transmissions may use different transmission timings. As an example, for some transmissions, an allocation and / or transmission of a set of N PRBs may be spread or extended in the time domain over N subframes, e.g., one PRB per subframe.

[0101] For example, the transmission bandwidth (BW) (e.g., available transmission BW) of a 1.4 MHz system may correspond to 6 PRBs and / or PRB pairs. When operating with a reduced transmission BW (e.g., available BW of 180 kHz), 6 PRBs may be allocated for transmission, and / or 6 subframes may be used for transmission.

[0102] For example purposes, a value of 6 is used for N. Other numbers of PRBs and / or different extensions may also be used and still be consistent with the present disclosure. For example, N (e.g., 6) PRBs may be extended over X (e.g., 3) subframes, where each subframe has Y (e.g., 2) PRBs. Y may be equal to N / X. If N / X is not an integer, then each subframe may have up to Y PRBs, where Y may be equal to (N / X) rounded up.

[0103] In the embodiments and examples described herein, an extension with 1 PRB per subframe may be used as a non-limiting example. Other extensions (eg, 2 PRBs per subframe) may also be used and are consistent with the embodiments and examples described herein.

[0104] Figure 5 An example allocation and / or transmission 500 of a spread or expansion of 6 PRBs over 6 subframes (e.g., legacy subframe=6ms) is described. One or more (e.g., all) of the following may be the same as the legacy system: subcarrier spacing and / or base OFDM symbol duration, slot duration, slot format, and subframe duration. An extended subframe (E-subframe) 504 (e.g., a new subframe) may include 6ms. An extended frame (E-frame) 502 (e.g., a new frame) may include 60ms. As an example, an E-frame 502 may include one or more (e.g., 10) E-subframes 504A, 504B, 504C. An E-subframe 504 may include one or more (e.g., six) subframes 506A, 506B, 506C, 506D, 506E, 506F. Each subframe 506 may be 1ms. Each subframe 506 may include one or more (e.g., two) time slots 508A, 508B. Each time slot 508 may include one or more (eg, seven) symbols 510A, 510B, 510C, 510D, 510E, 510F, 510G. Each symbol 510 may include a cyclic prefix 512 and a signal 514.

[0105] The terms subframe, legacy subframe and / or regular subframe may be used to refer to or represent current, regular, legacy and / or non-extended subframes, such as a subframe with a length of 1 ms. The terms frame, legacy frame and / or regular frame may be used to refer to or represent current, regular, legacy and / or non-extended frames, such as a frame with a length of 10 ms (e.g., 10 subframes).

[0106] The E-subframe 506 may include a set of one or more subframes 506A, 506B, 506C, 506D, 506E, 506F (eg, legacy subframes). The E-frame 502 may include a set of one or more frames (eg, legacy frames).

[0107] The subcarrier spacing may be reduced and / or the symbol duration may be increased proportionally. For example, the subcarrier spacing may be reduced by a factor of 6 (e.g., 15kHz / 6=2.5kHz). As an example, a reduction in subcarrier spacing may result in the allocation of 12 subcarriers (e.g., 2.5kHz×12=30kHz) and / or result in the generation of 6 PRBs corresponding to 6×30kHz=180kHz. The symbol duration may be increased proportionally as the subcarrier spacing decreases. For example, the symbol duration may be increased by a factor of 6. As an example, since the physical random access channel (PRACH) may have used a different subcarrier spacing, the symbol duration may be increased proportionally as the subcarrier spacing used for UL transmissions decreases.

[0108] If one or more subframes cannot be used for one or more reasons, complications may arise in WTRU and / or system operation. As an example, such complications may be particularly severe when a device attempts to operate in accordance with NB-LTE in-band principles within a legacy LTE system.

[0109] For example, the narrowband system described herein may use N (e.g., 6) consecutive subframes to transmit N PRBs. If one or more of the N consecutive subframes are not available in the same direction (e.g., due to, for example, time division duplex (TDD) deployment), then one or more alternative transmission schemes may be required and / or used.

[0110] For example, one or more (e.g., a group of) subframes in one or more frames may not be available for DL ​​transmission. As another example, one or more (e.g., a group of) subframes in one or more frames may not be available for UL transmission. These gaps may be handled by providing one or more of an E-subframe, a fixed extension, a variable extension, a control channel extension, and / or a data channel extension.

[0111] In one example, one or more subframes used, designated and / or reserved for multimedia broadcast / multicast service (MBMS) may not be used (e.g., in DL) for other transmissions (e.g., NB-LTE transmissions). The one or more subframes may be referred to as multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) subframes. MBSFN subframes may include DL subframes. MBSFN subframes may be applicable to FDD systems and / or TDD systems. For example, in an LTE system, one or more MBSFN subframes (e.g., a pattern of MBSFN subframes) may be configured for one or more subframes over a period of time (e.g., 1 or 4 frames). The MBSFN subframe pattern may be repeated. For example, the MBSFN subframe pattern may be repeated in each allocation period (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 frames). The beginning of the MBSFN subframe pattern may be offset from the beginning of the frame. The configured one or more MBSFN subframes may not be used for other DL transmissions. One or more subframes (e.g., one or more of subframes 0, 4, 5, 9) may not be configured as MBSFN subframes (e.g., for FDD). One or more subframes (e.g., one or more of subframes 0, 1, 5, and 6) are not configured as MBSFN subframes (e.g., for TDD). As an example, in a cell, the configured one or more MBSFN subframes may be configured and / or identified by an indication, such as higher layer or radio resource control (RRC) signaling that may be broadcast. As an example, the configured one or more MBSFN subframes may be configured, signaled, and / or identified in system information. The system information may then be broadcast.

[0112] In another example, one or more TDD subframes may be configured for DL ​​transmission (e.g., designated for DL ​​transmission, used for DL ​​transmission, etc.). One or more TDD subframes configured for DL ​​transmission may not be available for UL transmission (e.g., NB-LTE UL transmission). One or more TDD subframes may be configured for UL transmission (e.g., designated for UL transmission, used for UL transmission, etc.). One or more TDD subframes configured for UL transmission may not be available for DL ​​transmission (e.g., NB-LTE DL transmission). One or more TDD subframes may be configured as one or more special subframes (e.g., designated for the special subframes, used for the special subframes, etc.), and the subframes may not be available for (e.g., not all available for) UL and / or DL ​​transmission (e.g., NB-LTE UL and / or DL ​​transmission). The TDD UL / DL configuration used in the cell may be configured and / or indicated by one or more of system information, broadcast signaling, dedicated signaling, high-layer (e.g., RRC) signaling, and / or physical layer signaling. The direction (e.g., current direction) of one or more subframes (e.g., TDD subframes) can be configured and / or indicated by one or more of system information, broadcast signaling, dedicated signaling, high-level (e.g., RRC) signaling, and / or physical layer signaling. A set of TDD UL / DL configurations can be provided or configured here, and the configuration can be used in a cell or for use by a cell. Table 2 provides an example set of TDD UL / DL configurations. D can indicate a DL subframe. U can indicate a UL subframe. S can indicate a special subframe. A special subframe can include one or more of a DL part, a guard interval, and / or a UL part. A special subframe (e.g., a guard period within a special subframe) can enable a transition from DL to UL.

[0113] Table 2: Example TDD UL / DL configuration

[0114]

[0115] For example, to allow for flexible transmission timing, an E-subframe structure design may be used. The E-subframe structure design may include one or more of time extension, subframe extension, and / or symbol extension. Time and / or subframe extension may also be provided and / or used.

[0116] An E-subframe may include N subframes. N may be an integer. N may be fixed. N may be semi-statically and / or dynamically configured. N may be based on the number of subframes available for transmission in the transmission direction. N may be based on DL and / or UL per frame or other time period.

[0117] One or more subframes, such as S subframes, may be used for transmission in a frame or other time period. The S subframes may be fixed. And the S subframes may be semi-statically and / or dynamically configured.

[0118] One or more subframes, such as M subframes, may be used for transmission in an E-subframe. M may be an integer. And M may be less than or equal to N.

[0119] In a DL subframe, one or more symbols may be used and / or reserved for a DL control channel, such as a DL control region. In a DL subframe, one or more symbols may be used and / or available for PDSCH transmission, such as a data region of a DL subframe. The DL control region may not be used for NB transmission. For example, a NB transmission may skip the DL control region and / or may (e.g., only) use the data region of a DL subframe. A NB transmission may include (e.g., only include) a corresponding DL control channel such as NB-PDCCH in the data region of a DL subframe. A NB transmission may include (e.g., only include) a corresponding DL data channel such as NB-PDSCH in the data region of a DL subframe.

[0120] A NB transmission may include P PRBs. The P PRBs may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of the P subframes. The P PRBs may include the NB-PDCCH, for example, by including it in one or more symbols of the NB transmission. And the P PRBs may include the NB-PDSCH in one or more (e.g., all) remaining symbols. The PRBs transmitted in a subframe (e.g., each PRB) may consist of one or more NB-PDCCH symbols and / or one or more NB-PDSCH symbols. One or more symbols intended for use by the NB-PDCCH may not be used for the NB-PDSCH (e.g., in a subframe without NB-PDCCH). M may be equal to P.

[0121] Figure 6Example E-subframes 602, 604 are described. E-subframes 602, 604 may include 15 subframes (e.g., N=15). The E-subframes 602, 604 may be 15 ms (as an example, if each subframe is 1 ms). A frame may contain one or more (e.g., 10) subframes and / or one or more (e.g., 4) available DL subframes (e.g., S=4). E-subframes 602, 604 may include one or more (e.g., 6) subframes available for DL ​​transmission (e.g., M=6). For example, a 6 PRB DL transmission (e.g., P=6) may be transmitted as 6 separate PRBs in the E-subframes 602, 604. One or more available subframes in the following subframe groups (e.g., 0, 4, 5, 9) may be used for transmission on 3 consecutive frames: first group of 1.5 frames: 0, 4, 5, 9, 0, 4; second group of 1.5 frames: 5, 9, 0, 4, 5, 9. The subframe may include a PRB 606. The PRB 606 may include a PDCCH region 608. The PRB 606 may include a NB-PDCCH region 610. And the PRB 606 may include a NB-PDSCH region 612.

[0122] A NB transmission may include P1 PRBs. For example, a NB transmission may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of the P1 subframes. The P1 PRBs may include NB-PDCCH, for example, by including it in one or more symbols (e.g., all symbols) of the NB transmission. Each of the P1 PRBs may be transmitted in a subframe. A NB transmission may include P2 PRBs. As an example, a NB transmission may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of the P2 subframes. The P2 PRBs may include NB-PDSCH, for example, by including it in one or more symbols (e.g., all symbols) of the NB transmission. Each of the P2 PRBs may be transmitted in a subframe. The transmission of the P1 PRBs for NB-PDCCH may precede the transmission of the P2 PRBs for NB-PDSCH. M may be equal to P1+P2.

[0123] In one example, one or more (eg, 2) PRBs may be used for NB-PDCCH transmission, and / or one or more (eg, 4) PRBs may be used for NB-PDSCH transmission (eg, 6 PRBs in total).

[0124] Figure 7Example E-subframes 702, 704 are described. Example E-subframes 702, 704 may include 15 subframes (e.g., N=15). A frame may contain one or more (e.g., 10) subframes and / or one or more (e.g., 4) available DL subframes (e.g., S=4). An E-subframe may include one or more (e.g., 6) subframes (e.g., M=6) that may be used for DL ​​transmission. For example, one or more (e.g., 2) PRBs 706 may be used for NB-PDCCH, and / or one or more (e.g., 4) PRBs 708 may be used for NB-PDSCH. As an example, in E-subframes 702, 704, the first PRBs 706A, 706C on the first DL subframe and / or the second PRBs 706B, 706D on the second DL subframe may be used for NB-PDCCH. One or more (e.g., four) PRBs 708A, 708B, 708C, 708D, 708E, 708F, 708G, 708E on one or more downlink subframes in the E-subframes 702, 704 may be used for NB-PDSCH. For example, if NB-PDCCH is used to provide UL grants, NB-PDCCH may be transmitted instead of NB-PDSCH.

[0125] NB-PUSCH may be granted via NB-PDCCH. A NB UL transmission may contain P PRBs. As an example, a NB UL transmission may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of P subframes. NB-PUSCH may use one or more symbols, such as all symbols, in the UL subframe. In one or more subframes, the last symbol may be punctured. By puncturing the last symbol, a collision with one or more SRS transmissions, such as SRS transmissions from one or more other WTRUs, may be avoided.

[0126] The E-subframe timing may be in accordance with a regular subframe. One or more available subframes may include one or more start subframes for transmitting and / or monitoring NB-PDCCH. One NB-PDCCH may be configured with one or more start subframes.

[0127] The E-subframe structure design may include extensions of one or more symbols. The subcarrier spacing may be reduced, and / or the symbol duration may be increased, for example proportionally. As an example, the subcarrier spacing may be reduced by a factor of 6, and / or the symbol duration may be increased by a factor of 6. The E-subframe may include a set of extended symbols. The extended symbols may be referred to as E-symbols.

[0128] When increasing the symbol duration, one or more E-symbols may overlap with at least a portion of a subframe that cannot be used for transmission in the direction of the E-symbol. This overlap can be handled and / or avoided.

[0129] For example, puncturing and / or rate matching may be performed around E-symbols that at least partially overlap with unavailable subframes. Puncturing and / or rate matching around unavailable subframes may result in performance degradation. If the total amount of puncturing or rate matching (e.g., absolute amount or amount relative to the transmission size) is below a threshold, then puncturing and / or rate matching may be performed around the unavailable subframe overlap. The threshold may be known or configured. The puncturing or rate matching may be used and / or performed by a transmitter and / or a receiver. For example, in the DL, the eNB may be a transmitter and / or the WTRU may be a receiver. As another example, in the UL, the WTRU may be a transmitter and / or the eNB may be a receiver.

[0130] Overlapping of unavailable subframes can be avoided by sending E-symbols. The E-symbols may overlap with unavailable subframes in another available subframe, such as the next available subframe. As an example, if the symbol duration is about 1 ms / 14 symbols =71.4us, then an E-symbol with an extension of size 6 is approximately 0.43ms. In this example, one or more (e.g., 2) E-symbols may be sent in one subframe. In an available subframe, two or more E-symbols may be sent in groups, e.g., in groups of size 2.

[0131] Figure 8 An example sign extension 800 is depicted. The example sign extension may use one or more available subframes (eg, in accordance with an example TDD UL / DL configuration).

[0132] Symbols may be unavailable (eg, for SRS symbols). For E-symbols that may overlap with unavailable symbols, the E-symbols may be punctured and / or moved to another available (eg, next available) subframe, or transmitted in the other available subframe.

[0133] An E-subframe, such as a UL E-subframe, may include at least one or more E-symbols transmitted by the NB.

[0134] For the transmissions described herein, the transmission timing and / or allocation may be alternating.

[0135] Sign extension may be performed in an E-subframe.

[0136] The timing in the symbol extension may be in accordance with a regular subframe. One or more available subframes in the symbol extension may include a starting subframe for transmission and / or reception of NB-PUSCH. The starting subframe for NB-PUSCH may be based on the timing of the M-PDCCH granting resources for NB-PUSCH.

[0137] The time extension, subframe and / or symbol extension may be fixed and / or configured.

[0138] For example, the size of an E-frame in terms of subframes and / or time may be fixed and / or configured. The size of an E-subframe may be based on one or more available subframes and / or one or more configuration values. The one or more configuration values ​​may be associated with (e.g., include) one or more available subframes. Time extension may be applicable to DL and / or UL.

[0139] Extension in time, time extension and / or transmission time interval (TTI) (eg, TTI size) extension are interchangeable with each other and / or with the E-subframes described herein. As described herein, a subframe may replace time and vice versa.

[0140] The E-subframe may correspond to the time required and / or used by at least P (e.g., 6) PRBs (e.g., for transmitting them). The time required and / or used by the at least P PRBs may start at the beginning of the first PRB (e.g., the beginning of the subframe containing the first PRB). The time required and / or used by the at least P PRBs ends at the end of the last PRB (e.g., the end of the subframe containing the last PRB). The time required and / or used by the at least P PRBs may be a time span that includes the time from the beginning of the first PRB to the end of the last PRB and / or at least as long as the time. The E-subframe may include a fixed starting subframe. The E-subframe may also include a variable starting subframe.

[0141] The extension may include transmitting and / or receiving a portion of one or more (e.g., P) PRBs in each subframe of a group of subframes. In each subframe of the subframe group, the portion of the one or more PRBs may be the same or different. The portion of the one or more PRBs may include an integer number of PRBs, for example, for time extension. Furthermore, the portion of the one or more PRBs may also include multiple (e.g., integer number) symbols of one or more of the P PRBs.

[0142] One or more available subframes may be configured in a specified direction (e.g., by an eNB via signaling). The WTRU may determine (e.g., learn) the one or more available subframes. The one or more available subframes in the DL may (e.g., may be used to) determine the TTI and / or time extension for the DL and / or UL.

[0143] An E-frame may include a group of E-subframes. One E-frame may include 10 E-subframes, for example, to conform to the existing relationship of 1 frame = 10 subframes.

[0144] Each frame may correspond to a system frame number (SFN). An extended frame number (E-SFN) may correspond to one or more (e.g., each) E-frames. EFN and E-SFN may be used interchangeably. An E-SFN cycle may include multiple (e.g., 1024) E-frames. An E-SFN cycle may correspond to multiple E-frames (e.g., a minimum number of E-frames). The number of E-frames may include an integer multiple of the SFN cycle.

[0145] The WTRU may need to know the SFN and / or the E-SFN (for example, in order to know which subframes to use in a frame and / or E-frame to perform transmission and / or reception). The E-SFN may coincide with the SFN. For example, E-SFN 0 may coincide with SFN 0, for example, periodically. The E-SFN period may include periods where SFN 0 coincides with E-SFN 0. The E-SFN period may include multiples of periods where SFN 0 coincides with E-SFN 0.

[0146] The E-SFN cycle used to determine the available subframes may start from E-SFN 0. The E-SFN cycle used to determine one or more available subframes may start when E-SFN0 coincides with SFN0.

[0147] The WTRU may perform transmission in UL and / or reception in DL in one or more subframes corresponding to the E-subframe. The WTRU may perform transmission in UL and / or reception in DL in one or more available subframes of the E-subframe. The WTRU may receive a DL control channel in one or more PRBs extending over at least a portion of the E-subframe. The DL control channel may provide UL grants and / or DL ​​grants for NB-PUSCH and / or NB-PDSCH. NB-PUSCH and / or NB-PDSCH may start k subframes after the last subframe of the E-subframe used to carry the DL control channel and / or start k subframes after the last subframe of the DL control channel. The WTRU may receive NB-PDSCH and / or send NB-PUSCH based on the UL grant and / or DL ​​grant.

[0148] The NB-PDSCH may start at the beginning of the next DL E-subframe (e.g., for DL ​​reception). The NB-PDSCH may start at the beginning of the first available DL subframe (e.g., for DL ​​reception). The first available DL subframe may be in the next DL E-subframe. The NB-PUSCH may start at the beginning of the next UL E-subframe (e.g., for UL reception). The NB-PUSCH may start at the beginning of the first available UL subframe. The first available UL subframe may be in the next UL E-subframe. The next UL E-subframe may be at least k subframes after the last subframe (e.g., of an E-subframe) used to carry a DL control channel. The value of k may be 0 or 1 (e.g., for DL) or 4 (e.g., for UL).

[0149] An available subframe may be a subframe that may be used for transmission and / or reception in that direction (eg, for a transmission and / or reception direction).

[0150] Repetitions may be used in UL and / or DL ​​(eg, in Coverage Enhancement (CE) mode). One or more repetitions may be performed in one or more available subframes and / or E-subframes.

[0151] The E-subframe may include frequency hopping between one or more subframes (e.g., available subframes) in the E-subframe. The WTRU may receive DL transmissions (e.g., DL control channels and / or NB-PDSCH) in the frequency hopping E-subframe (e.g., according to a frequency hopping pattern and / or rule). The WTRU may perform transmissions in the UL in the E-subframe (e.g., according to a frequency hopping pattern and / or rule). The frequency hopping pattern and / or rule may be configured by higher layer signaling and / or physical layer signaling (e.g., in a DCI format grant and / or allocation for NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH).

[0152] One or more of the time extension, symbol extension, TTI size and / or E-subframe size may be variable. The variable extension may be in terms of one or more subframes and / or time units (eg, milliseconds).

[0153] The type of extension may correspond to the total amount and / or level of extension in time and / or frequency. For example, the type of extension may correspond to 1 PRB in each of 6 subframes, 1 PRB in each of 3 subframes, 2 PRBs in each of 3 subframes, etc. The extension time may correspond to one or more symbols and / or subframes. The extension frequency may correspond to one or more subcarriers and / or subcarrier groups (e.g., PRBs), such as one or more subcarriers and / or subcarrier groups in a subframe.

[0154] The variable extension may include one or more transmission parameters. The one or more transmission parameters may include one or more of the following: transport block size (TBS), modulation and coding scheme (MCS), one or more coded bits for transmission, one or more coded bits for reception, subcarrier spacing, one or more allocated and / or licensed PRBs, one or more PRBs transmitted in a subframe, one or more subframes for extension and / or extension type.

[0155] The transmission parameter may be determined from one or more parameters. The transmission parameter and / or one or more parameters used to determine the transmission parameter may be signaled to the WTRU by the eNB. The transmission parameter and / or one or more parameters used to determine the transmission parameter may be signaled in a DL control channel and / or a DCI format. The DCI format may correspond to an UL and / or DL ​​allocation and / or grant. The transmission parameter and / or one or more parameters used to determine the transmission parameter may be signaled in a semi-static manner (e.g., in dedicated signaling such as RRC signaling or in broadcast signaling such as system information that may be broadcast).

[0156] The transport block size (TBS) and / or one or more other parameters may be determined according to one or more available subframes (eg, E-subframes) in a period. For example, if relatively few subframes are available for extension, a smaller TBS may be used.

[0157] The TBS and / or one or more other transmission parameters may be determined by the eNB and / or the WTRU. The eNB may signal the WTRU the parameters determined by the eNB and / or one or more other parameters from which the WTRU may determine the parameters determined by the eNB. The eNB may signal the parameters determined by the eNB via NB-PDCCH and / or DCI format.

[0158] As an example, for a TBS and / or one or more PRBs, a time period and / or TTI for providing a sufficient number of available subframes (e.g., for transmission) may be determined for it. The increased TTI may be used below a predetermined threshold (e.g., minimum) number of available subframes. For a nominal TTI and / or an E-subframe size of N (e.g., 6) subframes, if the number of available subframes is below a predetermined threshold (e.g., 3 subframes), the size of the TTI and / or E-subframe may be increased. The size of the TTI and / or E-subframe may be increased to include at least a threshold number of available subframes. A TBS and / or PRB allocation corresponding to a threshold number of increased TTIs and / or available subframes may be selected. The selected TBS and / or PRB allocation may correspond to an extension on the available subframes in the nominal TTI (e.g., when the available subframes in the nominal TTI are at or above a threshold). The TTI and / or E-subframe size may be determined by the eNB.

[0159] A repetition process may be used in the UL and / or DL ​​(e.g., in a coverage enhancement (CE) mode). The repetition process may include repeated transmissions. One or more repetitions may be performed in one or more available subframes and / or E-subframes. The repeated transmission may include an extension included in the initial transmission. The extension included in the repeated transmission may include one or more (e.g., all) of time, frequency, and / or symbols.

[0160] Control channel and data channel extensions may also be used. The extensions used for the control channel may be separate from (eg, different from) the extensions used for the data channel.

[0161] A DL control channel (e.g., NB-PDCCH) may be transmitted separately from a DL data channel (e.g., NB-PDSCH). A DCI that may be carried by and / or on the NB-PDCCH may include and / or indicate time and / or time extension information for at least one of the NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH.

[0162] DL control channel (eg, Q-PDCCH) and DCI may be used interchangeably. The Q in Q-PDCCH may be a (eg, any) prefix (eg, E, M, NB and / or no prefix). DCI and DCI format may be used interchangeably.

[0163] The DCI may provide grants and / or allocations for UL and / or DL ​​resources. The WTRU may transmit in the granted or allocated UL resources, for example, NB-PUSCH. The WTRU may also receive in the granted or allocated DL resources, for example, NB-PDSCH.

[0164] The eNB may transmit and / or the WTRU may monitor the NB-PDCCH in an extended manner. One NB-PDCCH may be extended over X subframes, where X may represent one or more PRBs configured and / or used for the NB-PDCCH. As an example, X may be 2 or 4.

[0165] The NB-PDCCH may be transmitted in one or more subframes that are available for (e.g., always available or always at least partially available for) DL transmission. For example, in FDD, a set of subframes (e.g., {0, 4, 5, 9}) may be (e.g., may be always) available for DL ​​transmission. The NB-PDCCH may (e.g., can only) be transmitted in this set of subframes. One or more subframes that may be used for DL ​​and / or NB-PDCCH transmission may be known, or may be configured and / or identified. For example, one or more subframes that may be used for DL ​​and / or NB-PDCCH transmission may be determined using an indication received via signaling (e.g., system information and / or broadcast signaling in PBCH). The WTRU may then receive the indication. The WTRU may determine in which subframes to monitor the NB-PDCCH.

[0166] The one or more subframes available for NB-PDCCH transmission may be known or may be configured and / or identified. For example, one or more subframes available for NB-PDCCH transmission may be determined using an indication received via signaling (e.g., system information and / or broadcast signaling in PBCH). The WTRU may receive the indication. The WTRU may determine in which subframes to monitor the NB-PDCCH.

[0167] One or more subframes may be used as the starting subframe for NB-PDCCH transmission and / or extension. The one or more subframes may be configured and / or determined. For example, the one or more subframes may be determined based on one or more available DL subframes (e.g., for NB-PDCCH) and / or one or more PRBs configured and / or used for NB-PDCCH. As an example, if the available subframes for DL ​​transmission or for NB-PDCCH are a set of subframes in each frame, such as {0,4,5,9}, and one or more PRBs configured and / or used for NB-PDCCH are X (e.g., 2), then NB-PDCCH may start from a subframe in the set (e.g., any subframe). NB-PDCCH may be limited to starting from one or more specific subframes in the set (e.g., {0,5}). When NB-PDCCH is limited to starting from one or more specific subframes in the set, 2 PRB NB-PDCCH may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of subframes 0 and 4. The 2 PRB NB-PDCCH may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of subframes 5 and 9. If the NB-PDCCH is not restricted to one or more specific subframes starting in the set, the 2 PRB NB-PDCCH may be transmitted as 1 PRB in each of subframes {0,4}, {4,5}, {5,9} and / or {9,0}.

[0168] The WTRU may monitor one or more sets (eg, every possible set) of X subframes (eg, to receive NB-PDCCH, for example). A WTRU in CE mode may combine one or more repetitions of a set (eg, to successfully receive NB-PDCCH, for example).

[0169] One or more available subframes may be configured in one period (eg, 1 or 4 subframes).

[0170] The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include frequency allocations and / or grants for transmission and / or reception by the NB (e.g., NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH). The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include time and / or symbol allocations and / or grants for transmission and / or reception by the NB (e.g., NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH).

[0171] The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include (e.g., identify) at least one of a time position, a time extension, and / or a symbol extension for NB transmission and / or reception. The identification of the time position, the time extension, and / or the symbol extension may be explicit. The time position, the time extension, and / or the symbol extension may be determined (e.g., using one or more parameters and / or values ​​included in the NB-PDCCH and / or DCI).

[0172] For example, the NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may indicate one or more subsequent subframes (e.g., subframes following a subframe containing the NB-PDCCH), wherein the subsequent subframes may contain at least a portion of the allocated and / or granted NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH. The time allocation may be relative to the NB-PDCCH and / or relative to the current and / or next E-subframe and / or E-frame.

[0173] The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include at least one of the following. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include a starting subframe for NB transmission (e.g., as an increment in an available subframe and / or subframe starting from the last subframe of the NB-PDCCH extension). The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include multiple subframes for extension (e.g., available subframes). The NB-PDCCH may include the number of PRBs and / or subcarriers to be transmitted in a subframe. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include an indication of whether symbol extension and / or subframe extension is used. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include one or more specific subframes for extension (e.g., relative to the starting subframe for extension). A bitmap may be used to identify one or more specific subframes. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include one or more available subframes (e.g., in the UL and / or DL ​​directions) for the current and / or future time periods (e.g., the current and / or next frame and / or E-frame). The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include a transport block size (TBS) and / or one or more parameters for determining the TBS. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include a modulation coding scheme (MCS). The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include a subcarrier spacing. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include the number of allocated and / or licensed PRBs. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include the number of PRBs transmitted in a subframe. The NB-PDCCH and / or DCI may include the position of the PRBs and / or the starting PRBs in each subframe of the extension (e.g., a single position used in each subframe, or a position used in combination with a frequency hopping pattern in each subframe).

[0174] The starting subframe for NB transmission may be included in the NB-PDCCH and / or DCI. The starting subframe for NB transmission may be determined relative to the NB-PDCCH. For example, the starting subframe for NB transmission may be the next available subframe in the direction of the transmission, i.e., at least k subframes starting from the last subframe of the NB-PDCCH extension and / or the last repetition of the NB-PDCCH extension (e.g., when using coverage enhancement operation). For NB-PDSCH, the value of k may be 0 or 1. For NB-PUSCH, the value of k may be 4. For TDD, the value of k may be based on the TDD UL / DL configuration.

[0175] The number of subframes used for extension may be equal to the number of PRBs that have been allocated and / or granted. The WTRU may determine the number of allocated PRBs from the content of the DCI format. The WTRU may use the number of allocated PRBs as the number of subframes used for extension (e.g., for DL ​​reception and / or UL transmission).

[0176] The extension of P subframes may correspond to one PRB per subframe (e.g., for each of the P subframes). The first subframe of the P subframes may be the determined starting subframe. The remaining P-1 subframes may be the next P-1 available subframes and / or designated subframes (e.g., according to DCI).

[0177] The WTRU may determine one or more parameters for extension based on one or more rules and / or received parameters. The WTRU may perform transmission and / or reception based on the determination.

[0178] Attempting to receive may be an alternative to receiving as described herein.

[0179] Receiving may replace transmitting as described herein.

[0180] The NB-PDCCH may include a Physical HARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) channel (eg, NB-PHICH).

[0181] TDD special subframes can be handled differently for control channels (e.g., NB-PDCCH) and data channels (e.g., NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH). One or more special subframes can be used for one or more of NB-PDCCH, NB-PDSCH, and / or NB-PUSCH (e.g., based on meeting a threshold criterion). The threshold criterion may be different for one or more different channels. Special subframes will not (e.g., never) be used for one or more of NB-PDCCH, NB-PDSCH, and / or NB-PUSCH. As an example, if the DL portion meets the threshold criterion, such as the time of the DL portion exceeds the threshold, then one or more special subframes can be used for NB-PDCCH. By using the same or different thresholds, it can be determined whether a special subframe can be used for NB-PDSCH and / or whether a special subframe cannot be used for NB-PDSCH. Special subframes are not available for NB-PUSCH.

[0182] Frequency hopping may be used between one or more subframes (e.g., subframes that can be used in NB extensions). For example, two or more frequencies may hop from a first subframe of the extension to a second subframe of the extension. Frequency hopping may include configured and / or known patterns and / or rules. For NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH, the frequency hopping pattern and / or rule may be configured via higher layer signaling and / or physical layer signaling (e.g., allocation and / or permission for NB-PDSCH and / or NB-PUSCH in the DCI format). The WTRU may receive DL transmissions (e.g., DL control channels and / or NB-PDSCH) in a frequency hopping manner (e.g., in accordance with the frequency hopping pattern and / or rule). In the UL, the WTRU may transmit using a frequency hopping pattern and / or rule.

[0183] The NB-PDCCH and NB-PDSCH may be transmitted in a subframe. The NB-PDCCH and NB-PDSCH may be spread over P subframes (e.g., P available subframes). The WTRU may receive P subframe data. The WTRU may determine how to decode the NB-PDSCH portion of the data (e.g., using the NB-PDCCH portion of the data). The WTRU may use a frequency position for DL ​​data reception. The frequency position for DL ​​data reception may be in accordance with the WTRU ID and / or broadcast configuration. P may be a fixed value.

[0184] The temporal spreading may be performed in a manner similar to the manner in which the repetition process for channel estimation (CE) is performed. For CE, the repetition may be for the entire channel and / or transport block (TB). For CE, the repetition may be performed in subframes that may be configured and / or identified as available. The receiver may soft combine the repetitions (for example, to improve performance and / or successfully receive the channel and / or TB).

[0185] For time extension, channels and / or TBs may be divided into a group of subframes (e.g., available subframes). For time extension, a receiver may reconstruct channels and / or TBs from one or more parts. The one or more parts may represent separate coded bits. The one or more parts cannot be soft combined. The division of channels and / or TBs may be performed in frequency (e.g., PRBs) and / or time (e.g., symbols). The time-extended channels and / or TBs may be repeated (e.g., for coverage enhancement). The repetitions may be soft combined.

[0186] Extended processing may be used for paging. For example, a paging frame (PF) and / or a paging occasion (PO) may be determined (e.g., determined for or by the WTRU). The PF and / or PO may be determined based on a rule (e.g., a legacy rule). The PO may be determined based on one or more of a DRX cycle and / or a WTRU-ID (e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of the WTRU). The determined PO subframe (e.g., for paging a NB-LTE WTRU) may be a starting subframe for an extension of the NB-PDCCH (which may, for example, carry a paging DCI format for the WTRU). The extension of the NB-PDCCH may start at the starting subframe and / or extend over P subframes available for DL ​​and / or NB-PDCCH (e.g., the next P1-1 additional subframes). The PO subframe may correspond to a subframe, which may (e.g., always be) a DL subframe. The WTRU may monitor on the NB-PDCCH for paging that starts in the determined PO and / or extends over P1 subframes, as an example, each of which has Y1 PRBs. Y1 may be 1. P1 may be a fixed and / or configured value. The NB-PDCCH for paging may include a DCI, wherein the DCI may have a CRC scrambled with a paging RNTI (e.g., P-RNTI). The WTRU may reconstruct the NB-PDCCH from one or more transmissions in the P1 subframes. The extended NB-PDCCH may be repeated on one or more (e.g., subsequent) available subframes (e.g., when CE is used). The WTRU may combine one or more repetitions of the NB-PDCCH (of the extended and / or reconstructed NB-PDCCH). The WTRU may receive (e.g., successfully receive) the NB-PDCCH using one or more repetitions of the NB-PDCCH. The one or more repetitions may be combined before and / or after the reconstruction.

[0187] The NB-PDCCH and / or the DCI carried by the NB-PDCCH may provide resource allocations in frequency and / or time regarding the NB-PDSCH (which may carry one or more paging records, for example). The time information may include information that the WTRU may use to determine the extension of the NB-PDSCH. The NB-PDSCH may be extended in the same subframe set as the NB-PDCCH or in another subframe set such as a later subframe set. The WTRU may receive and / or store the NB-PDSCH while receiving the NB-PDCCH (e.g., when the NB-PDSCH and the NB-PDCCH are extended in the same subframe set). The later subframe set may be a set of available subframes for DL ​​and / or NB-PDSCH (e.g., when the NB-PDSCH is extended in a later subframe set). The NB-PDSCH may be extended over P2 subframes, each of which has Y2 PRBs. Y2 may be 1. P1 and P2 may be the same or different. P2 may be included in the NB-PDCCH DCI. The P2 may represent the number of PRBs allocated for the NB-PDSCH.

[0188] The time relationship between NB-PDCCH (eg, the start or end of NB-PDCCH extension) and NB-PDSCH (eg, the start of NB-PDSCH extension) may be known or configured and / or included in DCI (eg, paging DCI).

[0189] If the WTRU successfully receives a paging DCI (e.g., a paging DCI with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled using the P-RNTI), the WTRU may receive and / or decode the associated extended NB-PDSCH (e.g., if the DCI indicates that there may be NB-PDSCH). The WTRU may reconstruct the NB-PDSCH. The WTRU may reconstruct the NB-PDSCH from one or more transmissions in the P1 subframes (e.g., for NB-PDCCH and NB-PDSCH in the same subframe) and / or the P2 subframes (e.g., for NB-PDSCH that is different from or later than the NB-PDCCH). The extended NB-PDSCH may be repeated on one or more subsequent available subframes (e.g., if CE is used).

[0190] The WTRU may combine two or more repetitions of the NB-PDSCH (e.g., an extended and / or rebuilt NB-PDSCH) in order to successfully receive the NB-PDSCH. The two or more repetitions may be combined before and / or after the re-establishment. The WTRU may receive the content of the NB-PDSCH. The WTRU may determine whether there is a page for the WTRU based on the content of the NB-PDSCH, for example, whether its IMSI or temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI) or shortened TMSI (s-TMSI) may be included in one of the paging records. As an example, the WTRU may determine that there is a page for the WTRU based on the content of the NB-PDSCH, for example, based on the presence of an IMSI and / or s-TMSI included in one of the paging records.

[0191] The paging NB-PDCCH and / or NB-PDSCH may indicate a system information update. If the WTRU receives a system information update indication from the paging NB-PDCCH and / or NB-PDSCH, the WTRU may reacquire the system information (eg, one or more SIBs).

[0192] As an example, one or more subframes available for UL and / or DL ​​transmission may be provided and / or configured with the aid of signaling and / or system information that can be broadcast. High-level signaling (e.g., RRC signaling and / or system information block (SIB)) and / or physical layer signaling (e.g., MIB and / or PBCH) may include an indication of one or more subframes available for UL and / or DL ​​transmission. The configuration and / or signaling may be provided by an eNB. And the configuration and / or signaling may be received by one or more WTRUs. The one or more available frames may be identified in a certain period, such as one or more frames (e.g., one or four frames). One or more available subframes in a certain direction may be identified as being used for one or more specific purposes (e.g., all purposes). For example, one or more subframes identified as available for DL ​​use are available for NB-PDCCH and / or NB-PDSCH use. In another example, one or more subframes may be identified as being available for NB-PDCCH and NB-PDSCH use alone.

[0193] One or more available subframes may be explicitly identified here. The one or more available subframes may be determined from other information. For example, one or more available DL subframes may be determined from at least an MBSFN configuration and / or one or more TDD UL / DL configurations. One or more available UL subframes may be determined from at least one or more TDD UL / DL configurations. For a special subframe format configured for a cell, it may be configured and / or determined whether a TDD special subframe may be considered available for use by one or more UL and / or DL ​​channels.

[0194] One or more available subframes may be modified via a system information update.

[0195] The primary synchronization channel and / or secondary synchronization channel for narrowband operation can be transmitted within the NB-IoT bandwidth (e.g., 200kHz). The narrowband primary synchronization signal (NB-PSS) and / or narrowband secondary synchronization signal (NB-SSS) can include and / or extend to 6 consecutive OFDM symbols, respectively.

[0196] For example, the NB primary synchronization signal (NB-PSS) and the NB secondary synchronization signal (NB-SSS) may be located in the MBSFN subframe candidates (e.g., 1 / 2 / 3 / 6 / 7 / 8 subframes in a radio frame for FDD and / or 3 / 4 / 7 / 8 / 9 subframes in a radio frame for TDD). For example, the first symbol may be used and / or reserved for legacy WTRUs, and the remaining 12 OFDM symbols may be used for NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS transmissions (e.g., in a subframe carrying NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS). The first 6 OFDM symbols of the remaining 12 OFDM symbols may be used for NB-SSS and / or NB-PSS, and the last 6 OFDM symbols of the remaining 12 OFDM symbols may be used for NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS. NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS may be referred to as NB-sync.

[0197] In a subframe carrying NB-sync, the WTRU may determine that no CRS is transmitted in an OFDM symbol (eg, except for the first two OFDM symbols).

[0198] In another example, the PSS and / or SSS may be located in non-MSBFN subframe candidates (e.g., 0 / 4 / 5 / 9 subframes in a radio frame for FDD, 0 / 1 / 2 / 5 / 6 subframes in a radio frame for TDD). For example, the first symbol may be used and / or reserved for legacy WTRUs, and the remaining 12 OFDM symbols may be used for NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS transmissions (e.g., in a subframe carrying NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS). The first 6 OFDM symbols of the remaining 12 OFDM symbols may be used for NB-SSS and / or NB-PSS, and the last 6 OFDM symbols of the remaining 12 OFDM symbols may be used for NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS.

[0199] In a subframe carrying NB-sync, the WTRU may determine that no cell-specific reference signal (CRS) may be transmitted in an OFDM symbol (eg, except for the first two OFDM symbols).

[0200] NB-sync may be transmitted every NSYNC milliseconds and / or every NSYNC radio frames. If a NB-IoT WTRU receives NB-Sync, the NB-IoT WTRU may obtain at least one of the following: physical cell ID, time and frequency synchronization, subframe boundary, frame boundary and / or CP length.

[0201] For example, if N SYNC =4, then NB-sync can be sent every 40 milliseconds.

[0202] N SYNC Can be a predefined quantity.

[0203] N SYNC It can be determined based on the operating mode. For example, the NB-IoT WTRU can use one or more (e.g., three) operating modes.

[0204] The first operation mode may include a standalone operation mode. The second operation mode may include a guard band operation mode. The third operation mode may include an in-band operation mode.

[0205] N for the third mode of operation SYNC It may be longer than the first and / or second operating mode, and vice versa.

[0206] N SYNC It may be determined based on one or more cell-specific parameters (eg, physical cell ID, system bandwidth, etc.).

[0207] The NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS may be transmitted in a repeated manner within a radio frame. As an example, if repetition is not used, the NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS may be transmitted on a subframe within a radio frame. If repetition is used, the NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS may be transmitted on two or more subframes within a radio frame.

[0208] The number of repetitions may be determined based on the mode of operation. For example, the first and / or second modes of operation may not use repetition processing, and the third mode of operation may use repetition processing, or vice versa. In another example, the second and third modes of operation may use repetition processing (e.g., to mitigate interference), and the independent mode of operation may not use repetition processing.

[0209] The number of repetitions may be determined based on one or more cell-specific parameters (eg, physical cell ID, system bandwidth, etc.).

[0210] NB-PSS and / or NB-SSS may be transmitted using different duty cycles. For example, NB-PSS may use NSYNC,PSS to send, and / or NB-SSS can use N SYNC,SSS To send. SYNC,PSS and / or N SYNC,SSS It can be an integer (e.g., 10, 20, or 30). NB-PSS can use a shorter duty cycle (e.g., N SYNC,PSS <N SYNC,SSS The operation mode of the narrowband cell can be based on N SYNC,PSS and N SYNC,SSS One or more of the following are used to determine the

[0211] NB-PSS may be transmitted in a set of (E) subframes and / or (E) frames with a certain duty cycle (e.g., N SYNC，PSS [ms]). The NB-SSS may be transmitted in a subset of a set of (E)subframes and / or (E)frames used for the NB-PSS. The subset may be determined based on the operation mode. For example, the WTRU may determine the operation mode by detecting (e.g., blindly detecting) the subset used by the NB-SSS. The first subset may be used to indicate a standalone operation mode and / or a guard band operation mode. The second subset may be used to indicate an in-band operation mode.

[0212] A physical broadcast channel for narrowband operation may be transmitted here. A physical broadcast channel for narrowband operation may be referred to as a narrowband physical broadcast channel (NB-PBCH). One or more of the following may apply.

[0213] A master information block (MIB) for narrowband operation may be used for the NB-PBCH. The MIB may include information (e.g., basic information) that may be used by a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) WTRU to perform initial access. The MIB may be referred to as a narrowband MIB (NB-MIB).

[0214] The NB-MIB may be channel coded. One or more coded bits may be scrambled with a scrambling sequence. The scrambling sequence may be determined based on at least one of a cell-specific parameter (e.g., a physical cell ID), an operating mode (for example, the operating mode of the WTRU may be implicitly indicated from the scrambling sequence), and the like. The scrambling sequence may be determined based on the duplex mode. For example, TDD and / or FDD may be indicated based on the scrambling sequence used. A first scrambling sequence may be used for FDD. A second scrambling sequence may be used for TDD. The content of the NB-MIB may be determined based on the scrambling sequence used. For example, if a first scrambling sequence is used, a first set of system parameters may be sent with the aid of the NB-MIB. If a second scrambling sequence is used, a second set of system parameters may be sent with the aid of the NB-MIB. The first set of system parameters may partially overlap with the second set of system parameters.

[0215] One or more coded bits of the NB-MIB may be divided into Nsub sub-blocks and / or modulated. As an example, Nsub may be 4. As another example, Nsub may be 8. Each of the Nsub sub-blocks may be transmitted in one or more subframes of a radio frame. As an example, one or more non-MBSFN subframes may be used within a radio frame. Each of the Nsub sub-blocks may be transmitted in a different radio frame. An NB-PBCH cycle may include Nsub sub-blocks. For example, a WTRU may receive NB-PBCH in each NB-PBCH cycle. The Nsub sub-blocks may be evenly distributed in time within the NB-PBCH cycle.

[0216] Fig. 9 An example sub-block transmission 900 of a NB-MIB 902 is described. The NB-MIB 902 may include multiple sub-blocks. The multiple sub-blocks may be transmitted in a time window. For example, (eg, each) sub-block may be transmitted with a predetermined time period.

[0217] Each of the Nsub sub-blocks may be transmitted repeatedly. The number of repetitions may be determined based on the number of repetitions of NB-ysnc. The number of repetitions may be determined based on the operation mode.

[0218] The time and / or frequency position of the NB-PBCH may be determined (e.g., based on the time / frequency position of the NB-sync). For example, the same frequency position of the NB-sync may be used for the NB-PBCH, and / or the time position of the NB-PBCH may be determined (e.g., defined or configured) using an offset from the time position of the NB-sync.

[0219] The offset between NB-sync and NB-PBCH may be determined based on a physical cell ID. The physical cell ID may be detected from NB-sync. By using the offset, NB-PBCH collisions between one or more neighboring cells may be avoided.

[0220] The offset may be determined based on the operating mode.

[0221] The offset may be determined based on a system bandwidth. The system bandwidth may include a NB-IoT bandwidth. The NB-IoT bandwidth may be considered to be an independent and / or guard band operation.

[0222] One or more Nsub sub-blocks may be transmitted using a predetermined sequence. The predetermined sequence may indicate one or more system parameters. For example, one or more coded bits of the NB-MIB may be split into Nsub sub-blocks. The sub-blocks may be decodable. When aggregating one or more (e.g., all) Nsub sub-blocks, the NB-MIB may be decodable. The WTRU may determine one or more system parameters. The WTRU may determine one or more system parameters based on a transmission sequence of one or more Nsub sub-blocks (e.g., within a transmission window).

[0223] The transmission sequence of one or more Nsub sub-blocks may be based on one or more permutation sequences. The one or more permutation sequences may have a length of Nsub.

[0224] For example, a first permutation sequence (e.g., [1 2 3 ... Nsub]) and / or a second permutation sequence (e.g., [NsubNsub-1 ... 3 2 1]) may be used as a transmission sequence candidate. The bit system parameter may be indicated based on the permutation sequence used. The first permutation sequence may indicate a first operation mode. The first operation mode may include in-band operation. The second permutation sequence may indicate a second operation mode. The second operation mode may include independent operation and / or guard band operation.

[0225] In another example, Np permutation sequences may be used as transmission sequence candidates. One or more bit system parameters (e.g. ) can be indicated based on the Np permutation sequences. The operating mode (e.g., in-band, guard band, or independent) can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used. The duplex mode (e.g., TDD or FDD) can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used. The system bandwidth (e.g., 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz) can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used. The full or partial system frame number (SFN) can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used. The number of antenna ports can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used. The number of narrowbands can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used. Scheduling information for NB-SIB1 transmissions can be indicated based on the transmission sequence used.

[0226] In another example, the Nsub sub-blocks may be transmitted using a predetermined sequence. The Nsub sub-blocks may indicate one or more NB-MIB contents. For example, the system parameters contained in the NB-MIB may be determined based on the transmission sequence used by the Nsub sub-blocks. If a first permutation sequence is used, a first set of system parameters may be included in the NB-MIB. If a second permutation sequence is used, a second set of system parameters may be included in the NB-MIB. The first set of system parameters and the second set of system parameters may overlap (e.g., partially overlap). The first set of system parameters may be associated with a first operating mode. The first operating mode may be an in-band operating mode. The second set of system parameters may be associated with a second operating mode. The second operating mode may be an independent operating mode and / or a guard band operating mode. The number of antenna ports may be a system parameter indicated in both the first and second sets of system parameters. The first set of system parameters may include a system bandwidth.

[0227] Fig.10 An example of a plurality of permutation sequences 1000 for a sub-block is described. As an example, the plurality of permutation sequences for Nsub sub-blocks may indicate one or more system parameters and / or NB-MIB content.

[0228] Narrowband operation may use one or more downlink control channels. The downlink control channel type may be determined based on the reference signal type used for demodulation (e.g., CRS, demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) and / or antenna port). The downlink control channel type may be determined based on the resource location within the subframe and / or E-subframe. The resource location may include one or more resource elements used in the PDCCH (e.g., old PDCCH) area, and / or one or more resource elements used in the PDSCH (e.g., old PDSCH) area. The downlink control channel type may be determined based on the resource element group (REG) type. The REG type may include REG type-1 and / or REG type-2. The REG type-1 may include N1 REs. REG type 2 may include N2 REs. The downlink control channel type may be determined based on the control channel element (CCE) type used.

[0229] Narrowband operation may use one or more E-subframe types. As an example, localized E-subframe types and / or distributed E-subframe types may be used. A localized E-subframe type may be an E-subframe in which one or more subframes associated with (e.g., belonging to or corresponding to) the E-subframe may be at the same frequency location (e.g., the same PRB index). A distributed E-subframe type may be an E-subframe in which one or more associated subframes may be at different frequency locations (e.g., different PRB indices).

[0230] The E-subframe type may be determined based on an operating mode. For example, one or more (e.g., three) operating modes may be used herein. The one or more operating modes may include a first operating mode, a second operating mode, and / or a third operating mode. The one or more operating modes may be received from (e.g., indicated in) at least one of a synchronization channel, a broadcast channel (e.g., MIB and / or SIB), an RRC signaling, and / or a downlink control channel (e.g., DCI).

[0231] The first operation mode may include a standalone operation mode. The second operation mode may include a guard band operation mode. The third operation mode may include an in-band operation mode.

[0232] The E-subframe type for NB-PDSCH can be determined. The E-subframe type for NB-PDSCH can be determined based on an indication in the associated DCI. For example, NB-PDSCH can be scheduled by the associated NB-PDCCH and / or NB-EPDCCH. The E-subframe type of NB-PDSCH can be received from the associated downlink control channel. NB-PDCCH and / or NB-EPDCCH can be used interchangeably with NB-(E)PDCCH.

[0233] The E-subframe of the NB-(E)PDCCH may be different from the E-subframe used for the associated NB-PDSCH.

[0234] The E-subframe type may be determined based on information transmitted in the E-subframe (e.g., information type). For example, an E-subframe carrying unicast traffic may be determined to be a localized E-subframe type. An E-subframe carrying broadcast traffic may be determined to be a distributed E-subframe type.

[0235] The frequency position (e.g., PRB index) of one or more subframes in a distributed E-subframe type may be determined based on at least one system parameter (e.g., physical cell ID, system bandwidth, subframe number, SFN number, E-subframe number and / or E-frame number).

[0236] NB-PDCCH can use one or more of the first N PDCCH For example, NB-PDCCH can use one or more of the first N symbols in each subframe within the E-subframe. PDCCH symbols. One or more of the following may apply.

[0237] One or more of the first N PDCCH All symbols can include NB-PDCCH resources.PDCCH A predefined number may be included for use with one or more (eg, all) subframes. PDCCH It can be configured through high-level signaling. PDCCH Signaling may be performed based on traffic type. For example, one or more N packets regarding unicast traffic, paging, re-authorization request (RAR), and / or system information update may be signaled (e.g., separately signaled). PDCCH Value. PDCCH It can be configured according to the search space (e.g., configured separately). As an example, the common search space can use N PDCCH Fixed and / or predefined values. PDCCH The configuration value can be used for the WTRU-specific search space.

[0238] N PDCCH It can be determined based on the E-subframe type. For example, N for localized E-subframe type and distributed E-subframe type PDCCH may be configured and / or predefined (eg, configured and / or predefined in a separate manner). In another example, if the determination is for N for a localized E-subframe PDCCH , then N based on the distributed E-subframe PDCCH To use an offset (such as N PDCCH + offset). The offset may include a frequency retuning time. PDCCH It can be determined based on the subframe number within the E-subframe. PDCCH It may be determined based on the available number of REs within the NB-PDCCH resources.

[0239] NB-EPDCCH and / or NB-PDCCH may use N START N of symbols EPDCCH Symbols. START Can be considered as N in a subframe EPDCCH The starting OFDM symbol of each subframe. START Symbol N EPDCCH N symbols may include NB-EPDCCH resources. EPDCCH Can be based on N START The value of N is used to determine the value of N, and vice versa. START It may be a predetermined number for one or more (eg, all) subframes. START Can be configured through higher layer signaling. START The signaling may be performed according to the traffic type. For example, one or more N messages regarding unicast traffic, paging, RAR, and / or system information updates may be signaled (e.g., separately signaled).START Value. START It can be configured according to the search space (e.g., individually configured). For example, the common search space can use a fixed and / or predefined N START The configured N START The value can be used for UE-specific search space. STAR T may be determined based on the E-subframe type. For example, N may be configured and / or predefined for a localized E-subframe type and / or a distributed E-subframe type (eg, separately). PDCCH . N START It can be determined based on the subframe number within the E-subframe. START It may also be determined based on the available number of REs within the NB-EPDCCH resources.

[0240] One or more associated antenna ports (e.g., reference signals) for NB-(E)PDCCH may be determined based on the operating mode. For example, in a first (e.g., standalone) operating mode, the associated reference signal for NB-EPDCCH may include DM-RS (e.g., antenna ports 7-10). The associated reference signal for NB-PDCCH may include CRS (e.g., antenna ports 0-3). In a third operating mode (e.g., in-band operation), the associated reference signal for NB-EPDCCH may include DM-RS and CRS.

[0241] A WTRU in the first mode of operation may receive (eg, attempt to decode) the NB-EPDCCH using the associated DM-RS (eg, only the associated DM-RS), even though the CRS may be located in the same PRB.

[0242] A WTRU in the third mode of operation may receive the NB-EPDCCH using associated DM-RS and / or CRS (which may be located in the same PRB, for example). The number of antenna ports used for DM-RS and / or CRS may be the same. If the number of DM-RS ports associated with the NB-EPDCCH is Np, then at least Np CRS ports may be configured (e.g., determined or used) in the same PRB. The number of CRS ports for a PRB used by a NB-IoT WTRU and the number of CRS ports for a PRB used by an LTE (e.g., legacy LTE) WTRU may be different.

[0243] The WTRU may determine to use a precoder for a first DM-RS port and / or a first CRS port (e.g., at least within the same PRB). For example, one or more associated DM-RS ports for NB-EPDCCH may include antenna ports 7 and / or 9, and CRSs located in the same PRB may include antenna ports 0 and / or 1. The WTRU may determine that antenna port 7 and / or antenna port 0 may be the same, and / or may determine that antenna port 9 and / or antenna port 1 may be the same.

[0244] A WTRU in the second mode of operation may operate in the same manner as a WTRU in the first mode of operation.

[0245] One or more associated antenna ports may be received from (e.g., indicated in) higher layer signaling. For example, one or more DM-RS ports may be associated with NB-EPDCCH (e.g., by default). Higher layer signaling may indicate that one or more CRS ports within the same PRB may be used for NB-EPDCCH demodulation.

[0246] The higher layer signaling may include a broadcast channel including NB-EPDCCH configuration information.

[0247] One or more DM-RS ports may be associated with an NB-EPDCCH. Here, the DM-RS port may be used interchangeably with a reference signal for an NB-EPDCCH, an RS for narrowband operation, an RS for NB-IoT, and / or an NB-RS.

[0248] The UCI transmission may include HARQ-ACK information (e.g., HARQ-ACK and / or HARQ-NACK). If UCI transmission on PUSCH is used for HARQ-ACK information (e.g., to replace a dedicated uplink control channel such as PUCCH), then (E)PDCCH may be used to grant UL resources for each HARQ-ACK information transmission. By granting UL resources for each HARQ-ACK information transmission, inefficient use of UL resources may result. UCI transmission on PUSCH may use one PRB pairing as the minimum allocation for the WTRU. If one PRB pairing is used to transmit 1 bit of HARQ-ACK information, then UL resources may be greatly wasted because one PRB pairing can carry significantly more than 1 bit of information. Different (e.g., more efficient) UCI ​​transmission schemes may be used here, such as for NB-IoT systems.

[0249] For example, HARQ-ACK information corresponding to a downlink data transmission (e.g., PDSCH) may be transmitted using an uplink reference signal or sequence. As an example, a reference signal such as an uplink reference signal may be a sequence. For example, an eNodeB may transmit a first downlink data transmission to a WTRU. The WTRU may then receive the first downlink data transmission, for example, via the PDSCH. The WTRU may send a HARQ-ACK in response to receiving the downlink data transmission, for example, sending a HARQ-ACK to the eNodeB. As an example, the eNodeB may transmit a second downlink data transmission to the WTRU. The WTRU may not have correctly received the second downlink data transmission. If the second downlink data transmission is not correctly received, the WTRU may determine to send a HARQ-NACK. The WTRU may transmit an uplink reference signal and / or sequence. HARQ-ACK and / or HARQ-NACK may be indicated by means of an uplink reference signal and / or sequence. For example, a HARQ-ACK in response to receiving the first downlink data transmission may be indicated by a first uplink reference signal and / or a first sequence of the first uplink reference signal. HARQ-NACK may be indicated by a second uplink reference signal (or a second sequence). The WTRU may receive a downlink data transmission in a first subframe (e.g., an E-subframe). The WTRU may send an uplink reference signal and / or a first sequence in a second subframe (e.g., an E-subframe). The second subframe may be later than the first subframe. For example, if the WTRU receives a PDSCH in a subframe (e.g., an E-subframe), the corresponding HARQ-ACK information may be sent using an uplink reference signal in a later subframe (e.g., a later E-subframe). If PUSCH is not scheduled for a subframe that carries the corresponding HARQ-ACK information, the uplink reference signal may be transmitted without PUSCH. The uplink reference signal may include one or more of a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) and / or a sounding reference signal (SRS). Here, the terms uplink reference signal (UL RS), uplink DM-RS, DM-RS, and / or SRS are used interchangeably, and the examples described with respect to one type of reference signal may also apply to other types of reference signals. One or more sequences of uplink reference signals may be associated with HARQ-ACK information such as ACK and / or NACK. For example, a first sequence of an uplink signal (e.g., an uplink reference signal) may be associated with an ACK, and a second sequence of the uplink signal may be associated with a NACK. Thus, an ACK or a NACK may be signaled with a corresponding uplink signal sequence.HARQ-ACK and ACK may be used interchangeably, and HARQ-NACK and NACK may be used interchangeably herein.

[0250] Here, uplink reference signal, uplink signal, sequence, uplink signal sequence, uplink reference signal sequence, reference signal sequence, Zadoff-Chu sequence, uplink HARQ-ACK sequence and / or uplink HARQ-ACK information sequence can be used interchangeably. One or more sequences can use the same basic sequence. One or more sequences can be distinguished by cyclic shift (e.g., cyclic shift index). For example, the first sequence and the second sequence can use the same basic sequence with different cyclic shifts and / or cyclic shift indices.

[0251] The WTRU may use a cyclic shift index of a sequence (e.g., a base sequence) to indicate HARQ-ACK information. The sequence may be a Zadoff-Chu sequence. As an example, one or more cyclic shift indices may be indicated by an uplink reference signal and / or sequence, and the index may be used to transmit or indicate HARQ-ACK information (e.g., ACK or NACK). As an example, an uplink reference signal sequence may be transmitted with a first cyclic shift index to indicate an ACK. In addition, an uplink reference signal sequence may be transmitted with a second cyclic shift index to indicate a NACK. Here, cyclic shift and cyclic shift index may be used interchangeably.

[0252] In one or more PRBs, the transmission of an uplink reference signal using a cyclic shift, such as one derived from a set of one or more cyclic shifts, may be associated with a downlink transmission. The WTRU may select a cyclic shift index from the one or more cyclic shift indices. The specified cyclic shift index may indicate an ACK or NACK for the corresponding downlink transmission. The eNodeB may determine one or more cyclic shift indices to be used for HARQ-ACK information. The eNodeB may indicate to the WTRU one or more cyclic shift indices that may be used for HARQ-ACK information. The eNodeB may indicate one or more cyclic shift indices with the aid of downlink control information (DCI), for example, using one or more bits. As an example, the eNodeB may indicate to the WTRU a first cyclic shift index to be used for HARQ-ACK. The eNodeB may indicate to the WTRU a second cyclic shift index to be used for HARQ-NACK. The WTRU may receive a DCI indicating a first cyclic shift index to be used for HARQ-ACK and / or a second cyclic shift index to be used for HARQ-NACK. As an example, a cyclic shift may be applied to one or more reference signals spanning one or more uplink symbols to indicate HARQ-ACK information, wherein the uplink symbols may be SC-FDMA symbols. For example, the WTRU may transmit one or more uplink reference signals using a cyclic shift (e.g., the same or different cyclic shifts) to indicate an ACK or NACK for an associated PDSCH. The one or more uplink reference signals may be transmitted in one or more uplink symbols.

[0253] One or more cyclic shift indices for the uplink reference signal may include a Zadoff-Chu sequence for a code group u and a base sequence v. The cyclic shift index (α) of .

[0254] The WTRU may send an uplink reference signal for HARQ-ACK information transmission on one or more uplink symbols (e.g., SC-FDMA symbols). As an example, the number of uplink symbols used for HARQ-ACK information transmission may be determined by the WTRU based on the number of HARQ-ACK information bits. For example, one HARQ-ACK information bit may be transmitted in one uplink symbol, and two HARQ-ACK information bits may be transmitted in two uplink symbols (e.g., each uplink symbol has one HARQ-ACK information bit). If multiple uplink symbols are used, two or more consecutive uplink symbols may be used. The WTRU may determine the number of uplink symbols to be used for HARQ-ACK information transmission, for example, based on high-layer signaling. The number of uplink symbols used for HARQ-ACK information transmission may be determined based on an indicator in an associated downlink control channel. The number of uplink symbols used for HARQ-ACK information transmission may be determined based on the number of codewords (or, as an example, transport blocks) of the associated PDSCH transmission. The sequence with the cyclic shift index may be transmitted on one or more uplink symbols.The length of the orthogonal cover code (OCC) may be determined based on the number of uplink symbols used.

[0255] The set of cyclic shift indices may be determined based on the number of HARQ-ACK information bits. For example, if a single HARQ-ACK information bit is transmitted, then two cyclic shift indices may be associated with the downlink transmission. As another example, when two HARQ-ACK information bits are transmitted, four cyclic shift indices may be associated with the downlink transmission.

[0256] The set of cyclic shift indices may be determined based on the number of codewords transmitted for the PDSCH. For example, if a single codeword is transmitted for the PDSCH, one of two cyclic shift indices may be used to signal the associated HARQ-ACK information transmission. As another example, when two or more codewords are transmitted for the PDSCH, one of four or more cyclic shift indices may be used to signal the associated HARQ-ACK information transmission.

[0257] The set of cyclic shift indices may be determined based on the number of antenna ports used on a transmitter. The transmitter may include a WTRU performing the transmission. For example, if two antenna ports are used for HARQ-ACK information transmission, then two sets of two cyclic shift indices may be used. A first set of two cyclic shift indices may be used to indicate an ACK. And a second set of two cyclic shift indices may be used to indicate a NACK. Each cyclic shift index in the determined set may be associated with each antenna port.

[0258] HARQ-ACK information transmission can use an offset of two or more cyclic shift indices. For example, the offset between the first cyclic shift index and the second cyclic shift index can determine the HARQ-ACK information (e.g., ACK and / or NACK). HARQ-ACK information transmission can use two sets of cyclic shift indices. The first set of the two sets of cyclic shift indices can be used to indicate ACK. The second set of the two sets of cyclic shift indices can be used to indicate NACK. For ACK or NACK, the first cyclic shift index can be the same. The second cyclic shift can be determined based on the HARQ-ACK information (e.g., ACK and / or NACK). The first cyclic shift index can be transmitted via the first antenna port. The second cyclic shift index can be sent via the second antenna port.

[0259] HARQ-ACK information transmission for a single antenna port transmission may use a cyclic shift index. HARQ-ACK transmission for multiple antenna ports may use a cyclic shift index set. For example, if a single antenna port is used, a cyclic shift index may be used to indicate HARQ-ACK information (e.g., ACK or NACK). If two or more antenna ports are used, a cyclic shift index set may be used to indicate HARQ-ACK information (e.g., ACK and / or NACK).

[0260] Here, cyclic shift index, HARQ-ACK resource, short PUCCH resource and / or orthogonal resource may be used interchangeably.

[0261] Ncyc may represent the number of cyclic shift indices for uplink reference signals that can be used in a specified PRB. A subset of the Ncyc cyclic shift indices may be used for HARQ-ACK information indication. For a subset used for HARQ-ACK information indication, such as a cyclic shift subset, the subset may be provided and / or received in a DCI for PDSCH transmission.

[0262] The cyclic shift subset may be indicated by one or more values, bits and / or parameters. For example, a first cyclic shift index in a cyclic shift subset may be indicated, and the remaining cyclic shifts in the cyclic shift subset may be determined based on an offset from the first cyclic shift index, such as a predefined offset, or may also be determined based on a function of the first cyclic shift index. Each cyclic shift subset may be associated with a subset index, and the subset index may be indicated. The indicated may be a cyclic shift index for HARQ-ACK and HARQ-NACK.

[0263] For example, Ncyc=8 may be used for HARQ-ACK information indication. The cyclic shift subset may be indicated in the DCI associated with the PDSCH transmission. Ncyc=8 and the integer bit on (log2(Ncyc)) may indicate the cyclic shift index (α) and / or the starting cyclic shift index for the HARQ-ACK information transmission corresponding to the PDSCH transmission.

[0264] The cyclic shift index may be a cyclic shift group index or a cyclic shift subset index. The cyclic shift group index may be associated with a set of cyclic shift indices (e.g., for HARQ-ACK information transmission). As an example, the cyclic shift group index may be associated with two cyclic shift indices within Ncyc cyclic shift indices. The WTRU may send an uplink reference signal in a time / frequency resource with a first cyclic shift index to indicate an ACK. The WTRU may send an uplink reference signal in a time / frequency resource with a second cyclic shift index to indicate a NACK. Tables 3 and 4 show examples of HARQ-ACK transmissions using cyclic shift groups with and without orthogonal cover codes (OCCs). For example, if the WTRU receives signaling bits "00" in the associated DCI for PDSCH transmission, the WTRU may use a cyclic shift of 0 to indicate an ACK and a cyclic shift of 5 to indicate a NACK. The WTRU may use OCC for two uplink reference signals available for HARQ-ACK information transmission. The WTRU may determine which OCC to use based on an indication in a DCI (e.g., the DCI for the associated PDSCH transmission). For example, if the WTRU receives signaling bits "00" in the associated DCI for the PDSCH transmission, then the WTRU may use OCC [1 1].

[0265] Table 3 - Example cyclic shift groups for HARQ-ACK transmission with OCC

[0266]

[0267] Table 4 - Example cyclic shift groups for HARQ-ACK transmission without OCC

[0268]

[0269] As an example, the cyclic shift index may be a starting cyclic shift index in a set of cyclic shift indices indicated for HARQ information. For example, a subsequent cyclic shift index within the set of cyclic shift indices may be determined according to the starting cyclic shift index. The subsequent cyclic shift index may be determined using an offset from the starting cyclic shift index. For example, if the starting cyclic shift index α=0 and it may be a first cyclic shift index, then the second cyclic shift index may be α+n or α+n mod Ncyc. The value of 'n' may be predefined (e.g., n=4). The 'n' value may be configurable and / or indicated (e.g., in a dynamic manner). Here, the terms cyclic shift index, cyclic shift group index, and / or starting cyclic shift index may be used interchangeably, and the examples described with respect to the cyclic shift index may also apply to the cyclic shift group index and / or starting cyclic shift index (and vice versa).

[0270] The cyclic shift index of the uplink reference signal may be indicated in the associated DCI for the PDSCH (e.g., carried on the PDCCH or another downlink control channel). The HARQ-ACK information corresponding to the PDSCH may be indicated by one or more orthogonal cover codes (OCCs). Table 5 shows an example of indicating the cyclic shift to be used when an OCC is used to indicate the HARQ-ACK information.

[0271] Table 5 - Example of OCC groups for HARQ-ACK transmission

[0272]

[0273] The associated DCI of the PDSCH may indicate the cyclic shift index for the uplink reference signal.The HARQ-ACK information corresponding to the PDSCH may be indicated by sending the uplink reference signal in a subset of uplink reference signal (eg, DM-RS) symbols.

[0274] For example, if two symbols (e.g., SC-FDMA symbols) are used to perform uplink reference signal transmission (e.g., DM-RS transmission), the WTRU may use the cyclic shift index in the first symbol to transmit the uplink reference signal. In one example, if the first symbol is used for ACK / NACK indication, the WTRU does not send the uplink reference signal in the second symbol.

[0275] A first cyclic shift index indicated in a DCI for a PUSCH may override a second cyclic shift index in an associated DCI for a PDSCH indicating a cyclic shift to be used for HARQ-ACK information transmission. For example, if a PUSCH transmission is scheduled in the same subframe as a subframe used for HARQ-ACK information transmission corresponding to the PDSCH, then the cyclic shift indicated by the PUSCH DCI may override the cyclic shift indicated by the HARQ-ACK information in the PDSCH DCI. The first cyclic shift index may be used to determine a cyclic shift subset used to indicate the HARQ-ACK information. The second cyclic shift index may override and / or replace the first cyclic shift index.

[0276] The cyclic shift index, cyclic shift group index and / or starting cyclic shift index used to indicate ACK / NACK may be implicitly determined based on one or more factors. For example, the cyclic shift index, cyclic shift group index and / or starting cyclic shift index may be implicitly determined based on a PRB index and / or a starting PRB index within an E-subframe for use with a PDSCH transmission corresponding to ACK / NACK. The cyclic shift index, cyclic shift group index and / or starting cyclic shift index may be implicitly determined based on an (E)CCE index, a starting (E)CCE index and / or an (E)CCE aggregation level of the associated (E)PDCCH for PDSCH transmission. The cyclic shift index, cyclic shift group index and / or starting cyclic shift index may be implicitly determined based on a WTRU-ID (e.g., C-RNTI, IMSI, s-TMSI).

[0277] HARQ-ACK information transmission may be based on the UCI on the PUSCH. Sub-RB resource allocation (as an example, where the number of subcarriers allocated to the WTRU (Msub) may be equal to or less than Nsub, Msub ≤ Nsub) may be used for NB-IoT WTRUs. Nsub may be equal to 12 (e.g., one RB). The terms sub-RB, sub-PRB, single subcarrier and / or single tone may be used interchangeably herein, and examples described with respect to one of these terms may also apply to one or more of the other terms. Legacy LTE uplink resource allocation may include RB-based resource allocation. In RB-based resource allocation, the uplink resource allocation granularity may be based on Nsub subcarriers.

[0278] RB-based UCI on PUSCH can be extended in the time domain (e.g., with or without UL-SCH). In the time domain, the RB-based UCI on PUSCH can be extended based on the number of subcarriers (e.g., Msub) used for UCI transmission. The channel mapping on the RE level of the UCI on PUSCH can be extended based on the number of subcarriers (e.g., Msub) allocated, determined, configured, and / or used for the sub-RB resource allocation of the NB-PUSCH. For example, the UCI on PUSCH can be extended over Ksub subframes. Ksub can be determined according to Msub and Nsub (e.g., Ksub = Nsub / Msub). The channel coding and multiplexing processes used can be the same as those of legacy systems.

[0279] Fig.11 An example UCI transmission 1100 on PUSCH is described when Msub = Nsub and Nsym = Msym (e.g., UCI transmitted in a single PRB pair within a single subframe). The PRB pair can include subcarriers in the frequency domain and / or SC-FDMA symbols in the time domain.

[0280] Fig.12 An example time extension 1200 of the UCI on PUSCH when Msub < Nsub is described. The PRB pair (e.g., the PRB pair shown) can be divided into two or more segments in the frequency domain. For example, the PRB pair can be split into six segments in the frequency domain. The two or more segments in the frequency domain can be transmitted over two or more subframes. For example, the six segments in the frequency domain can be transmitted over six subframes. Fig.11 If two subcarriers are allocated for the WTRU from the associated NB-PDCCH (e.g., Msub = 2), then an RB (e.g., a single RB) can be split into Ksub and / or two or more subcarriers, each of which contains UCI for transmission. For example, in the example shown, two subcarriers are used for UCI transmission over 6 subframes to transmit approximately the same number of UCI as transmitted in a single subframe in

[0281] ... (e.g., Msub = 2, Nsub = 12, Ksub = 6). Fig.12 ... Fig.11 ...

[0282] RB-based UCI on PUSCH (e.g., with or without UL-SCH) can be extended in the time domain. The time-domain extension of RB-based UCI on PUSCH can be based on the number of symbols (Msym) used in the subframe for UCI transmission. The channel mapping at the RE level of UCI on PUSCH can be extended based on the number of symbols allocated, determined, configured, or used for NB-PUSCH. For example, UCI on PUSCH can be extended over Ksub subframes. The Ksub can be determined according to Msym and / or Nsym (e.g., Ksub = Nsym / Msym). Nsym can be a predefined, configured, and / or variable number based on the number of symbols used in the subframe. Nsym can represent the number of symbols in each subframe. For example, the value of Nsym can depend on whether an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., Nsym = 12) or a normal cyclic prefix (e.g., Nsym = 14) is used. As an example, in Fig.13 the example shown, two symbols are used on each subframe for UCI transmission spanning 12 subcarriers to convey UCI similar to the amount of UCI transmitted in a single subframe in Fig.11 . In Fig.13 the example shown, the time-domain extension can be performed over 7 subframes (e.g., Msym = 2, Nsym = 14, Ksub = 7). Fig.13 Example time extension 1300 of UCI on PUSCH when Msym < Nsym is described.

[0283] HARQ-ACK information can be transmitted in the uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS). HARQ-ACK information can be transmitted in the UpPTS of a TDD special subframe. For an NB-PDSCH transmission that can be completed in subframe n, the UpPTS in the first special subframe after subframe n + k can be used for HARQ-ACK information transmission. The variable 'k' can be a predefined number.

[0284] The UpPTS can be used for SRS transmission and / or shortened RACH transmission. The shortened RACH transmission can be applicable to (e.g., only applicable to) small cells. The shortened RACH transmission may not be used for NB-IoT systems. If the HARQ-ACK information transmission on the UpPTS conflicts with the SRS transmission, then the HARQ-ACK information transmission can be prioritized, and / or the SRS transmission can be discarded.

[0285] One or more downlink E-subframes may be associated with an UpPTS. For example, one or more HARQ-ACK information bits from two or more E-subframes may be multiplexed within an UpPTS. The one or more HARQ-ACK information bits may be multiplexed in an FDM manner and / or a CDM manner. One or more HARQ-ACK information bits may be bundled in an UpPTS resource. If two or more special subframes are used for an E-subframe, one or more HARQ-ACK information bits may be multiplexed on two or more UpPTSs of the E-subframe, and / or two or more UpPTSs in the E-subframe may be used for HARQ-ACK information transmission, and / or the remaining UpPTSs of the two or more UpPTSs may be used for legacy WTRUs (e.g., SRS and / or shortened RACH).

[0286] Fig.14 An example HARQ-ACK information transmission 1400 in an UpPTS is described. A downlink E-subframe may include one or more (eg, 6) downlink subframes. The one or more downlink subframes may include a special subframe (eg, assuming TDD configuration 1).

[0287] Fig.15 Example modulation symbols 1500 for HARQ-ACK information transmission are described. BPSK and / or QPSK may be used to carry ACK, NACK, and / or DTX information. BPSK may be used for a single HARQ-ACK message. QPSK may be used for multiple HARQ-ACK messages. One or more E-subframes may be associated with a modulation symbol. If two E-subframes are associated with a modulation symbol, then the first E-subframe may be associated with the imaginary portion of the modulation symbol, and / or the second E-subframe may be associated with the real portion of the modulation symbol.

[0288] Fig.16 An example HARQ-ACK channel 1600 in an UpPTS with two symbols is described. One or more (e.g., one or two) symbols may be available for use by UCI in the UpPTS. If two symbols are available, then one or more HARQ-ACK information may be as follows: Fig.16 The first symbol may be used for a reference signal. The second symbol may be used for HARQ-ACK information. If both symbols are not available within the UpPTS and / or the first E-subframe, adjacent UpPTSs in a special subframe of the second E-subframe may be combined (e.g., to construct a HARQ-ACK channel).

[0289] like Fig.16 As shown, d 0It may be a symbol indicating HARQ-ACK information (eg Fig.15 modulation symbols in ). can represent a Zadoff-Chu sequence with code group u and base sequence v, Can represent Circular shift of .

[0290] Fig.17 An example HARQ-ACK channel 1700 in an UpPTS with one symbol is described. If there are symbols (e.g., a single symbol) available for HARQ-ACK in the UpPTS, a HARQ-ACK channel can be generated (e.g., constructed). The HARQ-ACK channel can use a sequence based on Zadoff-Chu and having a length of 6.

[0291] Fig.18 An example of multiplexing 1800 HARQ-ACK information with RS in one symbol is described. The HARQ-ACK channel can be determined and / or used by multiplexing HARQ-ACK information and / or reference signals within one symbol, where α1 and α2 are Fig.16 and / or Fig.17 can be the same.

[0292] A single tone based HARQ-ACK information transmission may be used herein. The HARQ-ACK information transmission used may be of one or more types (e.g., in uplink transmission). A first type of HARQ-ACK information transmission may be based on a single subcarrier transmission. A second type of HARQ-ACK information transmission may be based on a multi-subcarrier transmission. A single subcarrier transmission may use one of a plurality of subcarriers in an uplink transmission. Subcarriers and / or tones may be used interchangeably herein.

[0293] The HARQ-ACK information transmission type may be determined based on the PRACH resource used. For example, one or more PRACH resources may be configured. One of the one or more PRACH resources may be associated with the capability of the WTRU for transmission based on a single tone and / or multiple tones. A WTRU with a single tone-based transmission capability may determine a PRACH resource associated with a single tone-based transmission. A WTRU with a multiple tone-based transmission capability may determine a PRACH resource associated with a multiple tone-based transmission. A PRACH resource associated with a single tone-based transmission may be a single tone-based transmission. A PRACH resource associated with a multiple tone-based transmission may be a multiple tone-based transmission. A PRACH resource associated with a multiple tone-based transmission may be a single tone-based transmission.

[0294] The HARQ-ACK information transmission type may be determined based on the operating mode used. For example, HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone may be used in a first operating mode. HARQ-ACK information transmission based on multiple tones may be used in a second operating mode. The operating mode may correspond to one or more of an in-band mode, a guard band mode, and / or an independent mode. The operating mode may be based on a coverage level. For example, one or more coverage levels may be used or defined here. Each of the one or more coverage levels may be associated with an operating mode. The first operating mode may be a normal coverage operating mode. The second operating mode may be a coverage enhancement operating mode. The operating mode may be indicated in a downlink control channel (e.g., PDSCH) associated with a downlink transmission.

[0295] The uplink HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone may include tone index selection. For example, one or more tone indexes may be determined for the HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone. The one or more tone indexes may be determined based on the allocated downlink resources. For example, one or more (e.g., two) tone indexes associated with the HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone may be determined based on the first CCE index used by the NB-PDCCH to schedule the NB-PDSCH. One or more tone indexes associated with the HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone may be determined based on the SFN index and / or the first subframe used by the NB-PDCCH to schedule the NB-PDSCH. One or more tone indexes associated with the HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone may be determined based on the WTRU-ID (e.g., C-RNTI, s-TMSI, etc.). One or more tone indexes associated with the HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone may be determined based on the SFN index and / or the first subframe used for the NB-PDSCH.

[0296] When two or more indices are associated with HARQ-ACK information transmission based on a single tone, the WTRU may determine which tone to use for the HARQ-ACK information transmission. The WTRU may determine which tone to use for the HARQ-ACK information transmission based on the ACK and / or NACK. For example, a first tone may be used to indicate an ACK regarding an associated NB-PDSCH transmission. A second tone may be used to indicate a NACK regarding an associated NB-PDSCH transmission. Tones and tone sequences may be used interchangeably herein.

[0297] One or more tone indices used for HARQ-ACK information transmission may be indicated via the associated NB-PDCCH used to schedule the NB-PDSCH.

[0298] NB-IoT may use one or more narrowbands. The one or more narrowbands may correspond to a single PRB. The operating mode of the one or more narrowbands may be determined, configured and / or used. The operating mode of the one or more narrowbands may be determined based on one or more narrowband frequency locations.

[0299] The operating mode of each narrowband may be determined (eg, configured).

[0300] The WTRU may receive, monitor and / or attempt to decode one or more NB-Sync signals in one or more narrowband locations. The WTRU may determine an operating mode for (eg, each) narrowband based on the NB-Sync channels received in the narrowband.

[0301] One or more narrowbands may be associated with the WTRU. The WTRU may determine a primary NB from the one or more narrowbands detected, configured and / or determined. The primary NB may be determined based on a predetermined operation mode.

[0302] If one or more narrowbands are associated with more than one operating mode, then one of the one or more narrowbands may be determined and / or used as the primary NB. For example, a narrowband associated with an intra-band operating mode (or an independent or guard band, for example) may be determined and / or used as the primary NB.

[0303] The primary NB may be determined based on the NB that transmitted a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble. The primary NB may be determined based on a received random access response (RAR).

[0304] The WTRU may receive, monitor and / or attempt to decode the primary narrowband NB-Sync signal.

[0305] One or more auxiliary narrowbands may be configured here (eg with the aid of the primary narrowband).

[0306] A broadcast channel (eg, MIB and / or SIB) and / or a high-layer signaling may include configuration information of one or more auxiliary narrowbands. The configuration information may include complete or partial configuration information.

[0307] The system bandwidth received in the broadcast channel may determine (eg, implicitly determine) one or more secondary narrowbands.

[0308] Here, the operating mode of (eg, each of) one or more secondary narrowbands may be indicated (eg, through configuration information).

[0309] The one or more secondary narrowbands may be determined (eg, assumed) to be an operating mode associated with the primary narrowband.

[0310] The main narrowband used may be one or more. For the operation mode, the main narrowband in the one or more narrowbands may be used for, configured and / or determined. For example, if two or more narrowbands with different operation modes are used, the two or more narrowbands may be determined as the main narrowband.

[0311] For an operating mode, one or more primary narrowbands may be used, determined and / or configured.

[0312] One or more auxiliary narrowbands for a certain operation mode may be configured by one or more primary narrowbands having the same operation mode.

[0313] The WTRU may use a single operation mode. The WTRU may select one of the two or more narrowbands based on a higher signal strength of one or more NB-Sync channels (for example, if the WTRU receives, detects and / or determines two or more narrowbands with different operation modes). The WTRU may select a narrowband (e.g., from two or more narrowbands) based on a higher received signal strength of a downlink reference signal (for example, if the WTRU receives, detects and / or determines two or more narrowbands with different operation modes).

[0314] The WTRU may select a narrowband (e.g., from two or more narrowbands) based on a priority rule for the operating mode. For example, the WTRU may detect two or more narrowbands. The first narrowband may be based on a first operating mode. The second narrowband may be based on a second operating mode. The WTRU may select the first narrowband and / or the second narrowband based on a priority rule. The in-band operating mode may have a higher priority than the guard band operating mode. The priority rule may be applied if the difference in signal strength associated with the NB-Sync channels of the two or more narrowbands is within a predefined range (e.g., a predetermined threshold).

[0315] Frequency hopping may be applied between two or more narrowbands. One or more narrowbands may be used for UL and / or DL ​​transmissions of the WTRU. The one or more narrowbands may use the same operating mode and / or different operating modes.

[0316] The WTRU may be configured with one or more narrowbands. The configured one or more narrowbands may be used during UL and / or DL ​​transmission times.

[0317] The narrowband position and / or index may change over time. The narrowband position and / or index may be determined based on downlink control information used for scheduling. The narrowband position and / or index may be determined based on a predefined frequency hopping pattern. In addition, the narrowband position and / or index may be determined based on a frequency hopping indication.

[0318] Intra-mode narrowband hopping may include narrowband hopping of narrowbands having the same operating mode. Inter-mode narrowband hopping may include narrowband hopping across narrowbands having different operating modes. Here, narrowband hopping and frequency hopping may be used interchangeably.

[0319] The eNB and / or WTRU may indicate inter-mode narrowband hopping capability. For example, the eNB may indicate support for inter-mode narrowband hopping and / or for inter-mode narrowband hopping configuration (eg, via higher layer signaling). The WTRU may indicate inter-mode narrowband hopping capability.

[0320] Time and / or frequency synchronization between two or more narrowbands with different operating modes may be determined based on an indication. The indication may include configuration regarding inter-mode narrowband hopping support. The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that time and / or frequency are synchronized within the used narrowband (for example, if inter-mode narrowband hopping is supported). The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that time and / or frequency are not synchronized within the configured narrowband.

[0321] Intra-mode narrowband hopping and / or inter-mode narrowband hopping may be used for the WTRU.

[0322] Narrowband hopping may use different retuning times. Different retuning times may be determined according to intra-mode narrowband hopping and / or inter-mode narrowband hopping. For example, when the narrowband position changes from a first narrowband to a second narrowband, if the first and second narrowbands may have the same operating mode, then a first retuning time (T_re1) may be used. If the first and second narrowbands may have different operating modes, then a second retuning time (T_re2) may be used. The first retuning time (T_re1) and the second retuning time (T_re2) may be different. The retuning time may be a predetermined value. The retuning time may be configured with the aid of higher layer signaling. In addition, the retuning time may also be determined based on the capability indication of the WTRU. If frequency hopping is used between two or more narrowbands having the same operating mode (for example, all two narrowbands are intra-band operating modes), then the retuning time T_re1 may be used. If frequency hopping is used between two or more narrowbands having different operating modes (for example, the first narrowband is an intra-band operating mode and the second narrowband is a guard band operating mode), then the retuning time T_re2 may be used. The retuning time may include a gap (eg, a time gap between narrowband hops). The retuning time may be used by skipping a first UL and / or DL ​​transmission. And the retuning time may be used by skipping the end of one or more UL and / or DL ​​transmissions.

[0323] The transmission power (e.g., different maximum transmission powers) for uplink transmissions can be used in a manner associated with a narrowband index. A first Pmax (e.g., Pmax, 1) can include the maximum uplink transmission power in a narrowband with a first operating mode. A second Pmax (e.g., Pmax, 2) can include the maximum uplink transmission power in a narrowband with a second operating mode. Pmax can include a value predefined and / or configured for one or more (e.g., each) operating mode. Pmax can be indicated in the relevant DCI for uplink transmission.

[0324] An uplink (e.g., separate uplink) power control loop may be used in accordance with the narrowband index and / or operating mode of the narrowband. A first power control loop may be used for one or more narrowbands having a first operating mode. A second power control loop may be used for one or more narrowbands having a second operating mode.

[0325] The associated reference signal type may be determined (eg, based on a narrowband index and / or an operating mode of the narrowband). The antenna port number may also be determined (eg, based on a narrowband index and / or an operating mode of the narrowband).

[0326] A timing advance value for uplink transmissions may be determined (eg, based on a narrowband index and / or an operating mode of the narrowband).

[0327] The WTRU may perform a RACH procedure for one or more (eg, each) configured operating modes. A timing advance value for the one or more (eg, each) operating modes may be determined, configured, and / or indicated.

[0328] Measurement reference signals (or resources, for example) may not be defined for the NB-IoT WTRU. For example, one or more subframes containing synchronization signals (e.g., NB-Sync signals) may not include reference signals that may be used by the NB-IoT WTRU.

[0329] The NB-Sync signal may include one or more of a narrowband primary synchronization signal (NB-PSS) and / or a narrowband secondary synchronization signal (NB-SSS).

[0330] The WTRU may determine (e.g., measure and / or estimate) channel quality information (e.g., information associated with channel quality) based on the received one or more reference resources. The one or more reference resources may include one or more of a reference signal for narrowband operation (e.g., NB-RS), a reference signal for legacy WTRU transmission and / or non-narrowband operation (e.g., CRS, DM-RS, CSI-RS), and / or a synchronization signal for narrowband operation (e.g., NB-Sync).

[0331] The determined channel quality information may be sent (eg, reported or transmitted) in the uplink in a periodic and / or aperiodic manner.

[0332] The determined channel quality information may include a reference signal received power (RSRP). The determined channel quality information may include a reference signal received quality (RSRQ). The determined channel quality information may include a received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The determined channel quality information may include a channel quality indicator (CQI). The determined channel quality information may include a rank indicator (RI). The determined channel quality information may include a precoding matrix indicator (PMI).

[0333] For example, the WTRU may determine channel quality information (e.g., information associated with channel quality) based on one or more reference signals and / or resources received or transmitted within a narrowband. A first reference signal and / or resource may be received or transmitted within the narrowband. The first reference signal and / or resource may be referred to as NB-RS. A plurality of NB-RS ports (e.g., 1 or 2) may be determined and / or indicated in a broadcast channel (e.g., NB-MIB) associated with narrowband operation. The number of NB-RS ports may be dynamically indicated by an associated downlink control channel (e.g., NB-PDCCH). A second reference signal and / or resource may be sent or received in a relatively wider bandwidth than the narrowband. The second reference signal may be referred to as a legacy reference signal (e.g., CRS). The CRS within the narrowband may be used as (e.g., only as) a second reference signal. One or more parameters regarding the CRS may be sent to the WTRU. The one or more parameters may include information regarding the narrowband position of the CRS (e.g., relative to a center PRB index). The one or more parameters regarding the CRS may include information regarding a scrambling sequence, including a cell ID for scrambling sequence initialization. The second reference signal may use the same number of antenna ports as the first reference signal (eg, based on the indication).

[0334] The first reference resource may be used for channel quality information measurement (eg, when the first reference resource is available in the measurement resource).

[0335] If the number of antenna ports of the first reference resource is the same as the number of antenna ports of the second reference resource, the second reference resource may be used (e.g., in combination with the first reference resource) to perform channel quality information measurement. If the first cell ID used for scrambling sequence initialization of the first reference resource is the same as the second cell ID used for scrambling sequence initialization of the second reference resource, the second reference resource may be used (e.g., in combination with the first reference resource).

[0336] An indicator may be signaled in a broadcast channel. For example, the indicator may be an identical physical cell ID (PCI) indicator. The indicator may indicate whether the same cell ID is used for the first reference resource and / or the second reference resource. If the indicator is set to TRUE, the cell IDs for scrambling sequence initialization for one or more reference resources are the same. If the indicator is set to TRUE, the number of antenna ports used for one or more reference resources may be the same. If the indicator is set to TRUE, the same transmission power may be assumed for one or more reference resources. As an example, the transmission power of each corresponding antenna port may be assumed (for example, the transmission power of the first antenna port of the first reference resource and the second reference resource may be the same).

[0337] The WTRU may determine (eg, assume) that, for channel quality information measurement, the first antenna port of the first reference resource and the second antenna port of the second reference resource may be the same.

[0338] The WTRU may indicate the capability to use one or more additional reference resources to perform demodulation and / or measurements. For example, the WTRU may indicate the capability to support CRS based channel estimation as a second reference resource.

[0339] The WTRU may use the first reference resource and / or the second reference resource to perform demodulation. The WTRU may use only the second reference resource and / or the first reference resource for measurement.

[0340] The second reference resource may be used in a subset of the operating modes (e.g., only in them). For example, the second reference resource may be used for demodulation and / or measurement in an in-band operating mode. In one or more other operating modes (e.g., guard band and independent operating modes), the second reference resource will be unavailable.

[0341] A first indicator (e.g., the same PCI indicator) may be used to indicate whether a second reference resource may be used to perform demodulation, and a second indicator may be used to indicate whether a second reference resource may be used to perform measurements. If the first indicator is set to TRUE and the transmit indicator is set to FALSE, then demodulation may be performed using the second reference resource, and the WTRU may determine that the second reference resource will not be used for purposes other than demodulation (e.g., channel quality measurement). If the first indicator is set to FALSE and the second indicator is set to TRUE, then measurements may be performed using the second reference resource. As an example, if the first indicator is set to FALSE and the second indicator is set to TRUE, then measurements may be performed using the second reference resource, but may not be used for other purposes, such as demodulation. If both the first indicator and the second indicator are set to TRUE, then demodulation and / or measurements may be performed using the second reference resource. The first indicator and the second indicator may be the same indicator. The first indicator may be indicated by means of a broadcast channel (e.g., NB-MIB). The second indicator may be indicated by means of higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling),

[0342] Here, NB-RS port, NB-RS, NB reference signal, narrowband reference signal and / or NB-RS antenna port can be used interchangeably. In addition, CRS port, CRS and / or CRS antenna port can also be used interchangeably here.

[0343] The WTRU may use one or more reference resources based on the availability of one or more reference resources in a time and / or frequency resource (e.g., a measurement resource) to measure channel quality information. For example, the measurement resource (e.g., a certain time / frequency resource) may be predetermined. The WTRU may perform channel quality information measurement based on the availability of one or more reference resources within the measurement resource. The measurement resource may be predetermined to be a certain subframe in the configured narrowband.

[0344] If NB-PDSCH is scheduled, then the first reference resource (e.g., NB-RS) will be available. If the NB-PDCCH search space is configured within the measurement resource, then the first reference resource will be available. The availability of the first reference resource can be determined based on NB-PDSCH scheduling and / or NB-PDCCH search space configuration.

[0345] If NB-Sync is sent inside the measurement resource, then the second reference resource (eg, NB-Sync) will be available. The availability of the second reference resource may be determined based on the NB-Sync configuration.

[0346] Based on the operation mode, a third reference resource (eg, a legacy reference signal CRS) may be available inside the measurement resource.

[0347] If the first reference resource is not available in the measurement resource, the second reference resource may be used to measure the channel quality information. If the second reference resource is a legacy reference signal (e.g., CRS), the legacy reference signal in the PDCCH region (e.g., the first N symbols within the subframe) may be used in a first subset of the subframe (e.g., a potential MBSFN subframe). If the second reference resource is a legacy reference signal, the legacy reference signal of the subframe may be used in a second subset of the subframe (e.g., a non-MBSFN subframe). The first set of subframes (e.g., potential MBSFN subframes) may include subframes {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8} in a first frame structure (e.g., FDD) and / or subframes {3, 4, 7, 8, 9} in a second frame structure (e.g., TDD). The second subset of subframes (e.g., non-MBSFN subframes) may be those subframes that are not potential MBSFN subframes.

[0348] The availability of one or more reference resources in the measurement resources may be indicated in a dynamic manner. For example, if the measurement report is triggered by the eNB, the presence of NB-RS in the measurement resources may be indicated in the triggering information.

[0349] Although the features and elements are described above in specific combinations, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that each feature can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware that is introduced into a computer-readable medium for operation by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electrical signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, buffer memory, semiconductor storage devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any computer host.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the WTRU comprising a processor, the processor configured to: receiving downlink control information (DCI) via a physical downlink control channel transmission, wherein the DCI includes an indication of a frequency allocation for a physical downlink shared channel transmission and an indication of one or more symbols allocated for the physical downlink shared channel transmission, wherein the physical downlink shared channel transmission is included in a portion of a system bandwidth; determining a subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission of the physical downlink shared channel based on a field included in the DCI; and The physical downlink shared channel transmission is received in the portion of the system bandwidth according to the subcarrier spacing determined from the DCI.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the physical downlink shared channel transmission begins at a start time determined based on the DCI.

3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein a length of the physical downlink shared channel transmission is determined based on the DCI.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a time at which the physical downlink shared channel transmission starts based on the DCI.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein for the physical downlink shared channel transmission, a time slot offset is 0 or 1.

6. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the one or more symbols comprise one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing symbols.

7. A WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive first configuration information associated with a first search space, wherein the first configuration information indicates a first starting symbol associated with the first search space and a first number of symbols associated with the first search space, wherein the first search space is associated with a first service type.

8. A WTRU according to claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to receive second configuration information associated with a second search space, wherein the second configuration information indicates a second starting symbol associated with the second search space and a second number of symbols associated with the second search space, wherein the second search space is associated with a second service type.

9. A WTRU according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to: monitor the first search space starting with the first start symbol for the length indicated in the DCI, or monitor the second search space starting with the second start symbol for the length indicated in the DCI.

10. The WTRU of claim 8, wherein the first search space is associated with a common search space and the second search space is associated with a WTRU-specific search space.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving downlink control information (DCI) via a physical downlink control channel transmission, wherein the DCI includes an indication of a frequency allocation for a physical downlink shared channel transmission and an indication of one or more symbols allocated for the physical downlink shared channel transmission, wherein the physical downlink shared channel transmission is included in a portion of a system bandwidth; determining, based on fields included in the DCI, a subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission of the physical downlink shared channel; as well as The physical downlink shared channel transmission is received in the portion of the system bandwidth according to the subcarrier spacing determined from the DCI.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The physical downlink shared channel transmission starts at a start time determined based on the DCI.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The length of the physical downlink shared channel transmission is determined based on the DCI.

14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: Based on the DCI, a time at which the physical downlink shared channel transmission starts is determined.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein: For the physical downlink shared channel transmission, the slot offset is 0 or 1.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The one or more symbols include one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing symbols.

17. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: First configuration information associated with a first search space is received, wherein the first configuration information indicates a first starting symbol associated with the first search space and a first number of symbols associated with the first search space, wherein the first search space is associated with a first traffic type.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: Second configuration information associated with a second search space is received, wherein the second configuration information indicates a second starting symbol associated with the second search space and a second number of symbols associated with the second search space, wherein the second search space is associated with a second service type.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising: For the length indicated in the DCI, the first search space starting with the first start symbol is monitored, or for the length indicated in the DCI, the second search space starting with the second start symbol is monitored.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein: The first search space is associated with a common search space and the second search space is associated with a WTRU-specific search space.

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