Tailings dam drainage well complex and flood discharge system

Abstract

This invention provides a tailings dam drainage well group and flood discharge system, relating to the field of tailings flood discharge technology. The tailings dam drainage well group provided by this invention includes a base and multiple drainage wells. Each drainage well is installed on top of the base, which has a drainage channel. Each drainage channel has a drainage outlet and inlets that correspond one-to-one with the spaces enclosed by the multiple drainage wells. The drainage outlet is connected to each inlet. The tailings dam drainage well group provided by this invention allows multiple drainage wells to share a single drainage outlet, saving the construction cost of subsequent connecting tunnels and facilitating centralized and unified management of the flood discharge system. Furthermore, each drainage well can be designed with different sizes and types to meet different flood discharge capacity requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine tailings drainage technology, and in particular to a tailings dam drainage well group and drainage system. Background Technology

[0002] Drainage wells, as surface water intake structures with large water intake capacity, economical construction, and convenient maintenance, are widely used in the design and construction of tailings dam flood discharge systems. Commonly used drainage well types include window-type drainage wells and frame baffle-type drainage wells. Drainage wells are generally used in conjunction with downstream flood discharge structures (such as flood discharge culverts and flood discharge tunnels) to form an integrated flood discharge system.

[0003] In tailings dams, the height of a single drainage well is generally set at around 10m-30m. When the total service height of the tailings dam is relatively high, multiple drainage wells need to be arranged at different water inlet elevations during the tailings dam construction to meet the purpose of flood discharge throughout the entire operating elevation of the tailings dam. In the layout scheme of each drainage well, it is necessary to consider the service elevation stage of each drainage well and the changes in the depth of the tailings dam during the usage stage, with the main objectives of meeting the dry beach length required for flood control and meeting the requirements for clarifying and returning water in the dam. Drainage wells + branch tunnels (or branch culverts) are scattered at different locations in the dam area and connected to the main tunnel (or main culvert).

[0004] The disadvantages of the above-mentioned drainage well layout are: (1) Since each drainage well is connected to a corresponding branch tunnel (or culvert) and then to the main tunnel (or culvert), the construction cost of the flood discharge system is relatively high. Especially when the required flood discharge flow in the tailings dam is large, two or more drainage wells need to be set up at the same inlet elevation to discharge floodwater together to meet the water inlet capacity requirements of the beach. The construction cost of multiple branch systems such as drainage wells + branch tunnels (branch culverts) is relatively high. (2) The drainage wells are scattered in the overall layout of the tailings dam, which is not convenient for the centralized and unified management and safety of the flood discharge facilities. Especially when the tailings dam has more adverse geological conditions (more steep slopes, relatively developed landslides and debris flows, and relatively few areas with better geological conditions), the excessively dispersed layout of drainage wells may lead to problems such as reduced safety of the flood discharge system and easy damage to the drainage wells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tailings dam drainage well group and flood discharge system, which allows multiple drainage wells to share a single drainage outlet, saving the construction cost of subsequent connecting branch tunnels and facilitating centralized and unified management of the flood discharge system. Furthermore, each drainage well can be designed with different sizes and types to meet varying flood discharge capacity requirements.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a tailings dam drainage well group, including a base and multiple drainage wells, each of the drainage wells being installed on the top of the base, the base having a drainage channel, the drainage channel having a drainage outlet and an inlet corresponding to and communicating with the space surrounded by the multiple drainage wells, the drainage outlet being connected to each of the inlets.

[0008] Furthermore, all of the drainage wells are of the same type, or at least some of the drainage wells are of different types.

[0009] Furthermore, the drainage well is configured as two wells, one of which is a frame-type drainage well and the other is a window-type drainage well.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of each of the drainage wells is the same, or at least some of the drainage wells have different heights.

[0011] Furthermore, the drainage wells are configured as two, three, or four, with each drainage well having the same height, or with each drainage well having a different height.

[0012] Furthermore, the drainage channel includes a vertical drainage channel, multiple horizontal drainage channels, and multiple vertical energy dissipation channels. The multiple vertical energy dissipation channels are connected to the vertical drainage channels one-to-one through the multiple horizontal drainage channels. Each of the vertical energy dissipation channels has a water inlet at its top, and the side of each vertical drainage channel is connected to the drain outlet.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom end of the vertical energy dissipation channel is 1.0-1.5m lower than the bottom end of the horizontal drainage channel connected to it.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom end of the vertical drainage channel is lower than the bottom end of each of the horizontal drainage channels.

[0015] Furthermore, the multiple drainage wells are evenly spaced around the center of the base.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention also provides a flood discharge system, including the tailings dam drainage well group described in the above scheme.

[0017] The tailings dam drainage well group and flood discharge system provided by this invention can produce the following beneficial effects:

[0018] When all drainage wells in the drainage well group have the same final elevation: the main functions of different drainage wells are to increase the discharge capacity when operating at the same elevation, to enable mutual backup of drainage wells, or to increase the safety margin of tailings dam flood discharge; when the final elevations of the drainage wells are different: before the next drainage well is put into use, the height difference between two drainage wells can be used to complete the sealing work of the previous drainage well (the drainage well is no longer used after being sealed), which can meet the needs of continuous flood discharge in a specific elevation stage (or the elevation stage of the entire service cycle) of the tailings dam.

[0019] Of course, multiple drainage wells can use a combination of consistent final elevations in some areas and inconsistent final elevations in others.

[0020] Compared to existing technologies, the tailings dam drainage well group provided by this invention allows multiple drainage wells to share a single drainage outlet, saving on the construction costs of subsequent connecting branch tunnels and facilitating centralized and unified management of the flood discharge system. Furthermore, each drainage well can be designed with different sizes and types to meet varying flood discharge capacity requirements.

[0021] The flood discharge system provided by the second aspect of the present invention includes the tailings dam drainage well group provided by the first aspect of the present invention, thereby having all the beneficial effects of the tailings dam drainage well group provided by the first aspect of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a first type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a second type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a third type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fourth type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fifth type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the sixth type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the seventh type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the eighth type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the ninth type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 A front view schematic diagram of the seventh type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 A top view of the seventh type of tailings dam drainage well group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the AA section structure.

[0035] Icons: 1-Base; 11-Drainage channel; 111-Drain outlet; 112-Inlet; 113-Vertical drainage channel; 114-Horizontal drainage channel; 115-Vertical energy dissipation channel; 1151-Energy dissipation pit; 116-Horizontal connecting channel; 2-Drainage well; 21-Derrick; 211-First derrick; 212-Second derrick; 213-Third derrick; 22-Well shaft; 221-Second well shaft; 222-Third well shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] A first aspect of the present invention provides a group of drainage wells for a tailings dam, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a base 1 and multiple drainage wells 2. Each drainage well 2 is installed on the top of the base 1. The base 1 has a drainage channel 11. The drainage channel 11 has a drain outlet 111 and a water inlet 112 that corresponds to and communicates with the space surrounded by the multiple drainage wells 2. The drain outlet 111 is connected to each water inlet 112.

[0041] The aforementioned tailings dam drainage well group integrates multiple drainage wells 2 onto a base 1. Floodwater can be introduced into the base through the inlet 112 and collected through the drainage channel 11 within the base, and finally discharged through a drainage outlet 111. This can save on the construction cost of connecting branch tunnels later and facilitate the centralized and unified management of the flood discharge system.

[0042] The types and sizes of the aforementioned drainage wells 2 can be completely different or partially different, in order to meet the requirements for different flood discharge capacities.

[0043] The aforementioned tailings dam drainage well group is applicable to the following working scenarios:

[0044] 1) This method is used in tailings ponds where the depth conditions within the pond do not change significantly at different stages of operation, such as tailings ponds in flat terrain and those near mountains. Because the depth of tailings ponds in flat terrain and those near mountains does not change significantly at different stages, after meeting the requirements for the length of the dry beach for flood control and the clarification distance for the tailings water within the pond, the well group can be concentrated in one location to meet the flood discharge needs within a specific elevation range (or within the entire service life of the tailings pond).

[0045] 2) Used when unfavorable geological conditions are developed within the tailings dam area. When unfavorable geological conditions are well-developed in the tailings dam area and there are few good geological sections suitable for constructing drainage wells, and the construction of drainage wells in a scattered manner may pose safety hazards to the operation of the drainage wells, a well group approach can be adopted to construct drainage wells.

[0046] 3) Used when the required flood discharge capacity of the tailings dam is large. When the available flood control height of the tailings dam is small (often manifested as a gentle slope and short length of dry beach), and a single drainage well cannot meet the flood discharge capacity of the design standard within the small flood control height range, a group of wells can be used to construct double drainage wells or multiple drainage wells to meet the discharge capacity requirements.

[0047] 4) When tailings dams need to be equipped with backup drainage wells to increase flood control safety margin. When it is necessary to consider further increasing the flood control safety margin when constructing a tailings dam flood discharge system; to cope with floods exceeding the design standard, a well group system can be adopted.

[0048] 5) If it is necessary to arrange multiple drainage wells according to the actual operation needs of the tailings dam, and to separately realize the functions of flood discharge, water return or seepage discharge, a well group system can be set up.

[0049] In some embodiments, multiple drainage wells 2 can be evenly spaced around the center of the base 1, making the stress on the base 1 more uniform.

[0050] Specifically, the base 1 is cylindrical, and the center of the base 1 can be regarded as the location of the axis of the base 1.

[0051] In some embodiments, the types of all drainage wells 2 can be the same, for example, all of them can be frame-type drainage wells, or all of them can be window-type drainage wells, etc.

[0052] In some other embodiments, at least some of the drainage wells 2 are of different types, for example, one or more drainage wells are frame-type drainage wells, and one or more drainage wells are window-type drainage wells.

[0053] by Figure 1Taking this as an example, two drainage wells are configured. One drainage well is an existing frame-type drainage well, and the other drainage well is an existing window-type drainage well, which can simultaneously meet the independent drainage requirements of multiple functions such as tailings dam flood discharge, seepage discharge and water return.

[0054] Specifically, one type of operating condition is as follows: due to the large inlet cross-section and large discharge capacity of the frame-type drainage well, it can mainly meet the flood discharge requirements of the tailings dam during the flood season; the window-type drainage well, due to its smaller discharge capacity, is used to meet the daily return water demand of the dam or the seepage drainage requirements of the dam area; the drainage wells 2 that realize different drainage functions work independently.

[0055] A frame-type drainage well includes precast arch slabs, frame columns, and ring beams. The space formed by the connection between the columns and the arch slabs serves as the water inlet chamber. A window-type drainage well includes a well cylinder with drainage windows, which can be sealed with concrete plugs.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the above-mentioned drainage well 2 can be configured as two, three, four, five, etc., and the number can be selected according to actual needs.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the height of each drainage well 2 can be the same. The main function of these different drainage wells 2 is to increase the discharge capacity when operating at the same elevation, to enable mutual backup of the derricks, or to increase the safety margin of tailings dam flood discharge.

[0058] When a tailings dam experiences a minor flood, and the discharge capacity of a single drainage well 2 is sufficient, one drainage well 2 can be used for drainage, while the remaining drainage wells 2 can serve as backup drainage wells 2; the layout of the drainage well group scheme achieves one in use and one in standby (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), one for use and two for backup (e.g.) Figure 3 (as shown) or one for multiple backups (such as...) Figure 4 (As shown); When encountering a large-scale rainstorm and flood, a single drainage well 2 is insufficient to meet the flood discharge capacity requirements. Multiple drainage wells 2 at the same elevation can simultaneously fill and discharge water to meet the flood discharge safety requirements. When encountering an extremely large flood exceeding the design flood standard, a backup drainage well is activated to meet the needs of smooth and safe flood discharge.

[0059] It should be noted that when multiple drainage wells 2 in the well group system are operating simultaneously, the inner diameter, model and discharge capacity of the drainage wells 2 may be the same or different. The specific cross-sectional dimensions can be designed according to the actual discharge capacity required at each stage of the tailings dam.

[0060] In some other embodiments, such as Figures 5 to 9As shown, at least some of the drainage wells 2 have inconsistent heights, which can meet the needs of continuous flood discharge within a specific elevation stage (or the full service cycle elevation stage) of the tailings dam.

[0061] In at least one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the heights of the various drainage wells 2 are not the same.

[0062] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, each drainage well 2 includes a well frame 21, and at least one well frame 21 has a well cylinder 22 connected to its bottom end. The bottom end of the well cylinder 22 is mounted on the base 1. The well cylinder 22 ensures a secure connection between the upper well frame 21 and the base 1. The entire cross-section of the well cylinder 22 is watertight. The well cylinder 22 is hollow to meet drainage requirements, and its thick and sturdy walls meet structural safety requirements.

[0063] Specifically, when the heights of at least some of the drainage wells 2 are inconsistent, the shortest drainage well 2 does not include the well shaft 22, and the well frame 21 is directly installed on the base 1. The remaining drainage wells 2 include the well frame 21 and the well shaft 22 connected to the bottom of the well frame 21.

[0064] by Figure 10 For example, consider the following scenario: When the tailings dam requires flood discharge during its entire operation cycle, the elevation range is from h0 to h3. In the group well layout scheme: the first well frame 211 has a total height of h1 + δH - h0, which meets the flood discharge requirements between elevations h0 and (h1 + δH); the second well frame 212 has a total height of h2 + δH - h1, meeting the flood discharge requirements between elevations h1 and (h2 + δH); and the third well frame 213 has a total height of h3 - h2, meeting the flood discharge requirements between elevations h2 and h3. In this layout scheme, the well frames 21 of different drainage wells 2 should overlap in height to allow the overlapping height between the two well frames 21 to complete the sealing work of the previous well frame 21 before the next drainage well 2's well frame 21 is put into use (the well frame is no longer used after sealing).

[0065] Wherein, δH is the overlap height between the well frames 21 of different drainage wells 2, and the overlap height can generally be between 1-3m.

[0066] Since the manhole frame 21 in each drainage well 2 needs to be connected to the common base 1, assuming the top elevation of the base 1 is h0, then for the second manhole frame 212 and the third manhole frame 213, the bottom of the second manhole frame 212 has a second manhole cylinder 221, and the bottom of the third manhole frame 213 has a third manhole cylinder 222. The bottoms of the second manhole cylinder 221 and the third manhole cylinder 222 are both connected to the base 1. The height of the second manhole cylinder 221 is h1, and the height of the third manhole cylinder 222 is h2.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11and Figure 12 As shown, the drainage channel 11 includes a vertical drainage channel 113, multiple horizontal drainage channels 114, and multiple vertical energy dissipation channels 115. The multiple vertical energy dissipation channels 115 are connected to the vertical drainage channel 113 through the multiple horizontal drainage channels 114. Each vertical energy dissipation channel 115 has an inlet 112 at its top, and the side of the vertical drainage channel 113 is connected to the drain outlet 111.

[0068] In use, the water in each drainage well 2 first enters the vertical energy dissipation channel 115 through the water inlet 112 at the bottom of each well, then flows from each horizontal drainage channel 114 to the vertical drainage channel 113, and finally is discharged from the drain outlet 111 on the side of the vertical drainage channel 113.

[0069] The aforementioned drainage channel 11 can simultaneously serve as a water storage space, energy dissipation, connection channel, and outlet channel for the water discharged from each drainage well 2.

[0070] Specifically, the vertical energy dissipation channel 115 can serve as a water storage space to collect the water flowing into the upper drainage well 2; the bottom of the vertical energy dissipation channel 115 has an energy dissipation pit 1151, which is used to fully dissipate the large flow and high drop of floodwater from the upper part through the lower energy dissipation pit 1151.

[0071] Energy dissipation pit 1151 can be like Figure 12 It can be cylindrical, or spherical, etc.

[0072] In some embodiments, the bottom end of the vertical energy dissipation channel 115 is 1.0-1.5m lower than the bottom end of the horizontal drainage channel 114 connected to it, thereby forming an energy dissipation pit 1151 at the bottom end of the vertical energy dissipation channel 115.

[0073] After the floodwater in each wellhead is fully dissipated by the energy dissipation pit 1151, it is stored in the vertical energy dissipation channel 115, and then discharged into the shared vertical drainage channel 113 through the horizontal drainage channel 114. Subsequently, it is discharged into the drainage tunnel or culvert connected behind through the drainage outlet 111 connected to the vertical drainage channel 113.

[0074] Among them, such as Figure 12 As shown, the vertical drainage channel 113 is connected to the drainage outlet 111 through the horizontal connecting channel 116 opened in the base 1.

[0075] The horizontal connecting channel 116 is preferably connected to the bottom of the vertical drainage channel 113.

[0076] The aforementioned horizontal direction can be understood as a direction parallel to the horizontal direction, and the aforementioned vertical direction can be understood as a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

[0077] In some embodiments, to facilitate flood discharge, the bottom of the vertical drainage channel 113 is lower than the bottom of each horizontal drainage channel 114.

[0078] The dimensions of the aforementioned vertical drainage channel 113, horizontal drainage channel 114, vertical energy dissipation channel 115, and horizontal connecting channel 116 are designed with different cross-sectional dimensions according to the required discharge capacity and different functions.

[0079] Of course, the drainage channel 11 can also have other channel structures. For example, the drainage channel 11 includes multiple vertically arranged branch channels and a horizontally arranged main drainage channel. One end of each branch channel can be regarded as an inlet 112, and the other end is connected to the main drainage channel. The end of the main drainage channel away from each branch channel can be regarded as a drain outlet 111.

[0080] A second aspect of the present invention provides a flood discharge system, which includes the aforementioned tailings dam drainage well group.

[0081] The flood discharge system provided by the second aspect of the present invention includes the tailings dam drainage well group provided by the embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, thereby having all the beneficial effects of the tailings dam drainage well group provided by the embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A group of drainage wells for a tailings dam, characterized in that, Includes a base (1) and multiple drainage wells (2), each of the drainage wells (2) is installed on the top of the base (1), the base (1) has a drainage channel (11), the drainage channel (11) has a drain outlet (111) and a water inlet (112) that corresponds to and communicates with the space surrounded by the multiple drainage wells (2), the drain outlet (111) is connected to each of the water inlets (112); The drainage channel (11) includes a vertical drainage channel (113), multiple horizontal drainage channels (114) and multiple vertical energy dissipation channels (115). The multiple vertical energy dissipation channels (115) are connected to the vertical drainage channel (113) one by one through the multiple horizontal drainage channels (114). Each of the vertical energy dissipation channels (115) has an inlet (112) at the top. The side of the vertical drainage channel (113) is connected to the drain outlet (111). The bottom of the vertical energy dissipation channel (115) is 1.0-1.5m lower than the bottom of the horizontal drainage channel (114) connected to it, thereby forming an energy dissipation pit (1151) at the bottom of the vertical energy dissipation channel (115), which is cylindrical or spherical.

2. The tailings dam drainage well group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of all the drainage wells (2) are the same, or at least some of the drainage wells (2) are different.

3. The tailings dam drainage well group according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drainage well (2) is configured as two, one of which is a frame-type drainage well and the other is a window-type drainage well.

4. The tailings dam drainage well group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of each of the drainage wells (2) is the same, or at least some of the drainage wells (2) are not the same.

5. The tailings dam drainage well group according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drainage wells (2) are configured as two, three or four, with each drainage well (2) having the same height or with each drainage well (2) having a different height.

6. The tailings dam drainage well group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the vertical drainage channel (113) is lower than the bottom of each of the horizontal drainage channels (114).

7. The tailings dam drainage well group according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The drainage wells (2) are evenly spaced around the center of the base (1).

8. A flood discharge system, characterized in that, This includes a group of tailings dam drainage wells as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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