A spatial layout method of regional CORS reference stations

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of regional CORS reference station space layout method, comprising the following steps: (1) reference station overall scale measurement;(2) core station and ordinary station scale measurement;(3) user group activity analysis;(4) based on latitude and longitude grid uniform layout;(5) according to existing CORS site distribution adjustment;(6) regional topography and land class distribution condition analysis, reference station layout adjustment is carried out;(7) infrastructure and key application layout analysis, reference station layout adjustment is carried out;(8) average station spacing statistics and reference station net shape coefficient calculation;(9) whether reference station net shape coefficient meets the predetermined index requirement, yes, then complete layout;No, then return to step (6), repeat step (6) to (8).The site layout of the present application is more scientific and reasonable, can realize the efficient intensive use of CORS reference station resources, meet the high availability, high stability requirement of whole regional space service.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of satellite navigation technology, specifically relating to a spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations. Background Technology

[0002] Location services are used to solve the problem of the three-dimensional spatial location of a person or object at a specific moment, primarily relying on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, direct reception of GNSS satellite signals for single-point positioning has an accuracy of 5-10 meters. For applications requiring higher precision positioning, such as lane-level vehicle monitoring (sub-meter accuracy), precision agriculture (centimeter accuracy), and geological disaster monitoring (millimeter accuracy), differential positioning is mainly achieved by establishing continuously operating reference stations (CORS) on the ground.

[0003] The regional CORS system mainly consists of three parts: continuously operating reference stations, a data processing center, and user positioning terminals. First, continuously operating reference stations established at known ground locations continuously observe GNSS satellite signals in real time and transmit the information to the data processing center. The data processing center calculates the main error effects such as satellite orbit, clock bias, and atmospheric conditions, generating error correction information for high-precision positioning, and broadcasting it externally. The positioning terminals receive both GNSS satellite signals and the error correction information broadcast by the data processing center. Because the positioning terminal error and the reference station error have spatial correlation, the positioning terminal can correct its own positioning error by using the reference station's error correction information, achieving real-time centimeter-level accuracy positioning.

[0004] Currently, regarding the spatial layout methods for reference stations, only the "Technical Specification for the Construction of Reference Stations for BeiDou Ground-Based Augmentation System (BD440013—2017)" specifies requirements for the network shape coefficient of reference stations. Specifically, the ratio of the shortest side to the longest side of the triangle formed by a reference station and its two nearest neighbors should be no less than 0.7. Therefore, the CORS layout process in each region primarily involves even distribution based on geographical location, followed by adjustments to the location within a certain range considering communication, transportation, and power supply infrastructure.

[0005] The existing CORS spatial layout method for reference stations adopts a layout scheme based on a uniform geographical distribution of reference stations, resulting in a large average station spacing. Furthermore, the layout is not optimized for specific needs and cannot meet the application requirements of some emerging fields.

[0006] There is an urgent need for a more scientific and reasonable spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations that takes into account factors such as user group distribution, terrain and land use conditions, and emerging application needs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations that takes into account factors such as user group distribution, terrain and land use conditions, and emerging application needs, resulting in a more scientific and reasonable site layout.

[0008] The above objective is achieved through the following technical solution: a spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Calculation of the overall scale of the benchmark station: The overall scale of the benchmark station is calculated based on the average station spacing required by the standard;

[0010] (2) Calculation of the scale of core station and ordinary station: By analyzing user GGA data, the average station spacing of the core station is determined, and the scale of the core station is calculated. The scale of the ordinary station is obtained by subtracting the scale of the core station from the total scale of the base station calculated in step (1).

[0011] (3) User group activity analysis: Divide the user group activity in the region into multiple categories of activity areas, and determine the average station spacing in each category of activity area based on the user group activity in each category of activity area;

[0012] (4) Based on uniform layout of latitude and longitude grid: Divide latitude and longitude grid and set up the base station sites at the corner points of the grid;

[0013] (5) Adjustment based on existing CORS site distribution: Adjust the layout of core sites by overlaying existing CORS site distribution, and then further adjust the layout of ordinary grid stations;

[0014] (6) Analysis of regional topography and land use distribution conditions, and adjustment of the layout of benchmark stations: determine the buffer zone, adjust the location of the benchmark stations, and ensure that the benchmark stations are distributed within the overlapping range of the buffer zone;

[0015] (7) Analyze the layout of infrastructure and key applications, and adjust the layout of base stations accordingly;

[0016] (8) Average station spacing statistics and benchmark station network coefficient calculation: Generate Delaunay triangulation, statistically analyze the average station spacing of benchmark stations in the region at this time, and calculate the benchmark station network coefficient.

[0017] (9) Determine whether the grid coefficient of the base station meets the predetermined index requirements. If yes, the layout is completed; otherwise, return to step (6) and repeat steps (6) to (8).

[0018] This invention proposes a spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations. First, the overall scale of the reference stations is calculated based on design requirements. Then, the scale of core stations and ordinary stations is calculated. Multiple activity areas are divided according to the user group activity index, and the layout is adjusted according to the existing CORS station site distribution. A uniform layout is then implemented based on a latitude and longitude grid. Next, the station site layout is adjusted according to the regional topography and land use distribution conditions. Buffer and overlay analysis are performed based on the infrastructure distribution conditions, and the layout is adjusted accordingly. Finally, a Delaunay triangulation is generated to calculate the average station spacing adjustment and adjust the reference station network shape coefficient. It should be ensured that the ratio of the shortest side to the longest side of the triangle formed by the reference station and its two nearest neighbor reference stations is not less than 0.7.

[0019] The regional CORS reference station spatial layout method proposed in this invention takes into account factors such as user group distribution, topography and land use conditions, and emerging application needs. Compared with the traditional layout method based on uniform geographical distribution, its site layout is more scientific and reasonable, which can realize the efficient and intensive use of CORS reference station resources, meet the requirements of high availability and high stability of spatial services in the whole region, effectively support the development needs of new business forms and new applications, and provide basic support for high-quality economic and social development.

[0020] A further technical solution is that the specific steps of step (3) are as follows:

[0021] (3.1) Calculation of User Space Activity Index, wherein the space activity index is positively correlated with the average station spacing, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0022] USI = n * gird / m

[0023] In the formula, USI is the user space index within a certain grid, n is the number of users within the grid, grid is the total number of grids, and m is the total number of users in the region.

[0024] (3.2) Calculation of user spatiotemporal availability index. The spatiotemporal availability index is negatively correlated with the average station spacing. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, UAI is the user space availability index within a certain grid, t is the statistical interval in days, n is the number of fixed users within the grid (with centimeter-level accuracy), and m is the total number of users in the area.

[0027] (3.3) Index weighted fusion: Determine the weights of the user space activity index and the user space availability index, and perform weighted summation to obtain the total user activity index. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, UI represents the overall user activity index, and a and b are the weights of the user space activity index and the user space availability index, respectively. Based on the empirical model, the weight of the user space activity index is 0.7, and the weight of the user space availability index is 0.3.

[0030] (3.4) Grid clustering: First, determine the number of clusters, then perform cluster analysis, select the clustering threshold, and divide the entire region into three activity regions: Class I, Class II, and Class III. At the same time, ensure that the minimum number of grids in each of the three activity regions is not less than 0.6 compared to the maximum number of grids.

[0031] A further technical solution is that the average station spacing between the first-class activity area, the second-class activity area, and the third-class activity area is 18km, 22km, and 26km, respectively.

[0032] A further technical solution is that the specific steps of step (4) are as follows: calculate the latitude and longitude grid station spacing of each category of activity area based on the average station spacing of each category of activity area in step (3), take the median of the maximum and minimum values ​​of different latitude and longitude grid spacing, calculate the latitude and longitude grid station spacing of the core station based on the determined average station spacing between core stations, divide the latitude and longitude grid based on the calculated latitude and longitude grid station spacing, and set up the station at the grid corner point.

[0033] A further technical solution is that the specific steps of step (5) are as follows:

[0034] (5.1) Adapt to existing CORS site distribution. When there are already core stations around the planned grid core station and the distance to the adjacent core station is less than one-third of the average spacing between core stations, the existing core station site shall be used as the basis for setting the core station, and duplicate grid core stations shall be deleted.

[0035] (5.2) After adjusting the layout of the core station, further adjust the layout of the grid ordinary stations. When the distance between the grid ordinary station and the core station is less than one-third of the average distance between ordinary stations, delete the grid ordinary station site.

[0036] A further technical solution, the specific steps of step (6) are as follows:

[0037] (6.1) Align the permanent basic farmland and ecological protection red lines to ensure that the benchmark station site does not fall within the control line;

[0038] (6.2) Overlay the regional grid digital elevation model, keeping the ratio of the difference between the base station elevation and the average elevation of the covered area to the maximum elevation difference less than or equal to 0.3. The coverage area of ​​a certain base station is the coverage area of ​​all Delaunay triangulation networks constructed by that station. The average elevation of the covered area is obtained by averaging the elevation values ​​obtained by interpolating sampling points at a 1km latitude and longitude grid. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, H is the elevation of a certain benchmark station, H 平均 H represents the average elevation of the coverage area, n is the total amount of location data for all users in the area, and H is the average elevation of the coverage area. i_max H represents the maximum elevation value within the sampling interval. i_min The minimum elevation value of the sampling interval is H, and the maximum elevation difference is H. i_max -H i_min .

[0042] A further technical solution, the specific steps of step (7) are as follows:

[0043] (7.1) Buffer analysis: Based on the historical GGA data fed back to the server by users using CORS positioning, the differential data age is analyzed, and the unstable areas of mobile communication signal coverage are statistically analyzed according to the latitude and longitude grid. A 5km buffer is made based on the center point of the grid of the unstable area; a 5km buffer is made based on the center line of roads above the county level; and a 5km buffer is made for the location of geological disaster hazard points, the layout of key water conservancy facilities, and the layout of key transportation and energy facilities.

[0044] (7.2) Overlay analysis: Overlay analysis of all buffer ranges;

[0045] (7.3) Adjustment of station location: Adjust the location of the reference station according to the analysis results in step (7.2) to ensure that the reference stations are distributed within the overlapping range of the buffer zone. The adjustment range of the reference station location should be less than one-third of the average station spacing.

[0046] A further technical solution is that the index requirements for the grid coefficient of the reference station in step (9) are: the grid coefficient of more than 60% of the triangular networks is better than 0.7, the grid coefficient of more than 85% of the triangular networks is better than 0.6, and the grid coefficient of the remaining triangular networks, except for a few triangular networks at the provincial boundary, is better than 0.5.

[0047] Compared with the traditional layout method based on uniform geographical distribution, this invention takes into account factors such as user group distribution, terrain and land type conditions, and emerging application needs. The site layout is more scientific and reasonable, which can realize the efficient and intensive use of CORS reference station resources, meet the high availability and high stability requirements of spatial services in the whole region, effectively support the development needs of new business forms and new applications, and provide basic support for high-quality economic and social development. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the spacing between latitude and longitude grid stations and the average station spacing. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This description is merely illustrative and explanatory, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine the features in the embodiments described herein and in different embodiments accordingly based on the description in this document.

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are as follows, with reference to Figure 1 A method for spatial layout of regional CORS reference stations includes the following steps:

[0053] (1) Calculation of the overall scale of the benchmark station: The overall scale of the benchmark station is calculated based on the average station spacing required by the standard;

[0054] The reference station network is used to replace GPS Class C points. According to the "Global Positioning System (GPS) Measurement Specification" (GB / T18314—2009), the average distance between Class C points is 20 km, from which the overall scale N of the reference stations in the entire area can be calculated. 基准站总数 .

[0055] The base station is compatible with single-base-station mode. According to the industry standard "Technical Standard for Satellite Positioning Urban Surveying" (CJJ / T73-2019), depending on the base station level, the distance between the rover station and the base station for detail points in topographic surveying using single-base-station RTK should be ≤10~15km. The distance relationship between the rover station and the base station is calculated as follows: If the rover station P is the center position of three connected base stations, according to the law of equilateral triangles, the distance from the rover station to the center of the base station is... Since the distance between the rover station and the nearest base station is 10-15 km, the distance between the base stations is approximately 18-26 km.

[0056] (2) Calculation of the scale of core station and ordinary station: By analyzing user GGA data, the average station spacing of the core station is determined, and the scale of the core station is calculated. The scale of the ordinary station is obtained by subtracting the scale of the core station from the total scale of the base station calculated in step (1).

[0057] By analyzing user GGA data from the past three years, the average station spacing S of the core stations was further determined. 核心站 (Average station spacing is better than S) 核心站 The service spatiotemporal availability of the triangular network is significantly improved, thereby allowing the core station's scale N to be calculated. 核心站数 .

[0058] The formula for calculating the size of a typical station is: N 普通站数 =N 基准站总数 -N 核心站数 .

[0059] (3) User group activity analysis: Divide the user group activity in the region into multiple categories of activity areas, and determine the average station spacing in each category of activity area based on the user group activity in each category of activity area;

[0060] (3.1) Calculation of User Space Activity Index, wherein the space activity index is positively correlated with the average station spacing, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0061] USI = n * gird / m

[0062] In the formula, USI is the user space index within a certain grid, n is the number of users within the grid, grid is the total number of grids, and m is the total number of users in the region.

[0063] (3.2) Calculation of user spatiotemporal availability index. The spatiotemporal availability index is negatively correlated with the average station spacing. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, UAI is the user space availability index within a certain grid, t is the statistical interval in days, n is the number of fixed users within the grid (with centimeter-level accuracy), and m is the total number of users in the area.

[0066] (3.3) Index weighted fusion: Determine the weights of the user space activity index and the user space availability index, and perform weighted summation to obtain the total user activity index. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, UI is the total user activity index, and a and b are the weights of the user space activity index and the user space availability index, respectively. In a specific embodiment, according to the empirical model, the weight of the user space activity index is 0.7 and the weight of the user space availability index is 0.3.

[0069] (3.4) Grid Clustering: First, the Calinski-Harbasz evaluation method was used to determine the number of clusters. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm was used for cluster analysis. An empirical clustering threshold was selected, and the entire region was divided into three activity regions: Class I, Class II, and Class III. Simultaneously, it was ensured that the minimum number of grids in each of these three types of regions was not less than 0.6 compared to the maximum number of grids. The average station spacing in the Class I, Class II, and Class III activity regions was 18 km, 22 km, and 26 km, respectively.

[0070] (4) Based on uniform layout of latitude and longitude grid: Divide latitude and longitude grid and set up the base station sites at the corner points of the grid;

[0071] Depend on Figure 2 As can be seen, P to P9 in the figure form a latitude and longitude grid, and the grid spacing S is equal to the average station spacing S of the reference station. 平均 The average calculation relationship is the minimum latitude and longitude grid spacing S. min for Minimum latitude and longitude grid spacing S min For S 平均 Then, based on the average station spacing of each category of activity area in step (3), the latitude and longitude grid station spacing of each category of activity area is calculated. The median of the maximum and minimum values ​​of different latitude and longitude grid spacings is taken, and the latitude and longitude grid station spacing of the core station is calculated based on the determined average station spacing between core stations. The latitude and longitude grid station spacings of the three categories of activity areas are calculated to be 16.5km, 20km, and 23.5km, respectively. Assuming that the average station spacing S of the core station is 40km, its latitude and longitude grid station spacing is 36.5km. Based on the calculated latitude and longitude grid station spacings, latitude and longitude grids are divided, and stations are set up at the grid corners.

[0072] (5) Adjustment based on existing CORS site distribution: Adjust the layout of core sites by overlaying existing CORS site distribution, and then further adjust the layout of ordinary grid stations;

[0073] (5.1) Adapt to existing CORS site distribution. When there are already core stations around the planned grid core station and the distance to the adjacent core station is less than one-third of the average spacing between core stations, the existing core station site shall be used as the basis for setting the core station, and duplicate grid core stations shall be deleted.

[0074] (5.2) After adjusting the layout of the core station, further adjust the layout of the grid ordinary stations. When the distance between the grid ordinary station and the core station is less than one-third of the average distance between ordinary stations, delete the grid ordinary station site.

[0075] (6) Analysis of regional topography and land use distribution conditions, and adjustment of the layout of benchmark stations: Determine the buffer zone, adjust the location of the benchmark stations, and ensure that the benchmark stations are distributed within the overlapping range of the buffer zone;

[0076] (6.1) Align the permanent basic farmland and ecological protection red lines to ensure that the benchmark station site does not fall within the control line;

[0077] (6.2) Overlay the 5m grid digital elevation model of the region, keeping the ratio of the difference between the base station elevation and the average elevation of the covered area to the maximum elevation difference less than or equal to 0.3. The coverage area of ​​a certain base station is the coverage area of ​​all Delaunay triangulation networks constructed by that station. The average elevation of the covered area is obtained by averaging the elevation values ​​obtained by interpolating sampling points using a 1km latitude and longitude grid. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, H is the elevation of a certain benchmark station. 平均 Let H be the average elevation of the coverage area, n be the total amount of location data for all users in the area, and H be the average elevation of the coverage area. i_max H represents the maximum elevation value within the sampling interval. i_min The minimum elevation value of the sampling interval is H, and the maximum elevation difference is H. i_max -H i_min .

[0081] (7) Analyze the layout of infrastructure and key applications, and adjust the layout of base stations accordingly;

[0082] (7.1) Buffer Analysis: 1) To ensure the feasibility of single-base station operation in areas with unstable mobile communication, it is necessary to analyze the differential data age based on the historical GGA data fed back to the server by users using CORS positioning, statistically analyze areas with unstable mobile communication signal coverage according to latitude and longitude grids, and establish a 5km buffer zone with the center point of the grid in the unstable area; 2) To ensure the convenience of base station construction, operation and maintenance, and intelligent driving application requirements, a 5km buffer zone is needed based on the center line of roads above the county level; 3) Deformation monitoring mainly adopts the static measurement mode, based on the nominal accuracy of mainstream manufacturers' receivers (static plane ±2.5mm +10). - 6 m×D, static elevation +5mm +10 -6m×D, where D is the distance from the rover to the base station (in meters), and considering the millimeter-level relative accuracy positioning requirements for deformation monitoring, the distance between the monitoring point and the base station should be ≤5km. To ensure that the monitoring needs of key applications are met, a 5km buffer zone needs to be established for the locations of geological disaster hazard points, the layout of key water conservancy facilities, and the layout of key transportation and energy facilities.

[0083] (7.2) Overlay analysis: Overlay analysis of all buffer ranges;

[0084] (7.3) Adjustment of station location: Adjust the location of the reference station according to the analysis results in step (7.2) to ensure that the reference stations are distributed within the overlapping range of the buffer zone. The adjustment range of the reference station location should be less than one-third of the average station spacing.

[0085] (8) Average station spacing statistics and benchmark station network coefficient calculation: Generate Delaunay triangulation, statistically analyze the average station spacing of benchmark stations in the region at this time, and calculate the benchmark station network coefficient.

[0086] (9) Determine whether the grid coefficient of the reference station meets the predetermined index requirements. If yes, the layout is completed; otherwise, return to step (6) and repeat steps (6) to (8). The index requirements for the grid coefficient of the reference station are: the grid coefficient of more than 60% of the triangular networks is better than 0.7, the grid coefficient of more than 85% of the triangular networks is better than 0.6, and the grid coefficient of the remaining triangular networks, except for a few triangular networks at the provincial boundary, is better than 0.5.

[0087] For ease of understanding, the relevant terms are explained here:

[0088] GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System. It refers to all satellite navigation systems, including global, regional, and augmented systems, such as the US GPS, Russia's GLONASS, Europe's Galileo, China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, and related augmentation systems.

[0089] CORS stands for Continuously Operating Reference Stations. It involves establishing multiple continuously operating reference stations at known ground points to continuously observe GNSS satellite signals in real time. These signals are then transmitted to a data processing center for error model calculation, and the calculated error correction information is provided to user positioning terminals. User positioning terminals receive both GNSS satellite signals and error correction information broadcast by the CORS data center, and perform differential positioning.

[0090] Base station: An important component of the CORS system, it is a fixed observation station that conducts long-term continuous observation of GNSS signals and transmits the observation data to the data center in real time or at regular intervals via communication facilities.

[0091] Core station: A benchmark station built within the province by the State Council or the provincial people's government's natural resources department to maintain the province's surveying and mapping benchmark framework.

[0092] Delaunay triangulation: The average station spacing of the reference station network is calculated using Delaunay triangulation, which is a set of connected but non-overlapping triangles, and the circumcircles of these triangles do not contain any other points in this region.

[0093] Spatial layout: refers to the distribution of base station locations within the region.

[0094] Differential positioning refers to a positioning terminal receiver receiving GNSS satellite observation data while simultaneously receiving differential data broadcast from the CORS data center to offset errors, thereby reducing errors and achieving high-precision positioning. CORS-based differential positioning mainly includes network real-time code phase differential positioning (Network RTD) with decimeter-level accuracy and network real-time carrier phase differential positioning (Network RTK) with centimeter-level accuracy.

[0095] The regional CORS reference station spatial layout method proposed in this invention takes into account factors such as user group distribution, topography and land use conditions, and emerging application needs. Compared with the traditional layout method based on uniform geographical distribution, its site layout is more scientific and reasonable, which can realize the efficient and intensive use of CORS reference station resources, meet the requirements of high availability and high stability of spatial services in the whole region, effectively support the development needs of new business forms and new applications, and provide basic support for high-quality economic and social development.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for spatial layout of regional CORS reference stations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Calculation of the overall scale of the benchmark station: The overall scale of the benchmark station is calculated based on the average station spacing required by the standard; (2) Calculation of the scale of core station and ordinary station: By analyzing the user GGA data, the average station spacing of the core station is determined, and the scale of the core station is calculated. The scale of the ordinary station is obtained by subtracting the scale of the core station from the total scale of the benchmark station calculated in step (1). (3) User group activity analysis: Divide the user group activity in the region into multiple activity areas according to the activity of the user group in each activity area, and determine the average station spacing in each activity area according to the user group activity in each activity area. (3.1) Calculation of user space activity index, wherein the space activity index is positively correlated with the average station spacing, and the calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, USI This refers to the user space index within a certain grid. n The number of users within the grid. gird The total number of grid cells. m Total number of users in the region; (3.2) Calculation of user spatiotemporal availability index. The spatiotemporal availability index is negatively correlated with the average station spacing. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, UAI This refers to the availability index of user space within a certain grid. t The statistical interval is in days. n For a fixed number of users within the grid, m Total number of users in the region; (3.3) Index weighted fusion: Determine the weights of the user space activity index and the user space availability index, and perform weighted summation to obtain the total user activity index. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, UI The overall user activity index and These are the weights of the user space activity index and the user space availability index, respectively. (3.4) Grid Clustering: First, determine the number of clusters, then perform cluster analysis, select a clustering threshold, and divide the entire region into three activity zones: a primary activity zone, a secondary activity zone, and a tertiary activity zone. Simultaneously, ensure that the minimum number of grids in each of the three activity zones is not less than 0.6 compared to the maximum number of grids. The average station spacing between the primary, secondary, and tertiary activity zones is 18. km ,twenty two km and 26 km ; (4) Based on uniform layout of latitude and longitude grid: Divide latitude and longitude grid and set up the base station sites at the corner points of the grid; (5) Adjustment based on existing CORS site distribution: Adjust the layout of core sites by overlaying existing CORS site distribution, and then further adjust the layout of ordinary grid stations; (5.1) Adapt to existing CORS site distribution. When there are already core stations around the planned grid core station and the distance to the adjacent core station is less than one-third of the average spacing between core stations, the existing core station site shall be used as the basis for setting up the core station, and duplicate grid core stations shall be deleted. (5.2) After adjusting the layout of the core station, further adjust the layout of the grid ordinary stations. When the distance between the grid ordinary station and the core station is less than one-third of the average distance between ordinary stations, delete the grid ordinary station site. (6) Analysis of regional topography and land use distribution conditions, and adjustment of the layout of the base station: determine the buffer zone, adjust the location of the base station, and ensure that the base station is distributed within the overlapping range of the buffer zone; among them, by analyzing the age of differential data, the unstable area of ​​mobile communication signal coverage is statistically analyzed according to the latitude and longitude grid, and a 5km buffer zone is made with the center point of the grid of the unstable area. (7) Analyze the layout of infrastructure and key applications, and adjust the layout of benchmark stations; (8) Average station spacing statistics and benchmark station network coefficient calculation: Generate Delaunay triangulation, statistically analyze the average station spacing of benchmark stations in the region at this time, and calculate the benchmark station network coefficient; (9) Determine whether the grid coefficient of the base station meets the predetermined index requirements. If yes, the layout is completed; otherwise, return to step (6) and repeat steps (6) to (8).

2. The spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step (4) are as follows: calculate the latitude and longitude grid station spacing of each category of activity area based on the average station spacing of each category of activity area in step (3), take the median of the maximum and minimum values ​​of different latitude and longitude grid spacing, calculate the latitude and longitude grid station spacing of the core station based on the average station spacing between the determined core stations, divide the latitude and longitude grid based on the calculated latitude and longitude grid station spacing, and set up the station at the grid corner point.

3. The spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The specific steps of step (6) are as follows: (6.1) Align the permanent basic farmland and ecological protection red lines to ensure that the benchmark station site does not fall within the control line; (6.2) Overlay the regional grid digital elevation model, keeping the ratio of the difference between the base station elevation and the average elevation of the covered area to the maximum elevation difference less than or equal to 0.

3. The coverage area of ​​a given base station is the coverage area of ​​all Delaunay triangulation networks constructed in which that station participates. The average elevation of the covered area is calculated as 1. km The elevation values ​​are obtained by averaging the sampling points of the latitude and longitude grid and taking the average value. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, H For the elevation of a certain benchmark station, The average elevation of the covered area. n This represents the total amount of location data for all users in the region. This represents the maximum elevation value within the sampling interval. The minimum elevation value of the sampling interval is [value], and the maximum elevation difference is [value]. .

4. The spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific steps of step (7) are as follows: (7.1) Buffer Analysis: Based on historical GGA data fed back to the server by users using CORS positioning, the age of differential data is analyzed, and unstable areas of mobile communication signal coverage are statistically analyzed according to latitude and longitude grids. The center point of each unstable area grid is used as the basis for a 5-dimensional mapping. km Buffer zone; based on the centerline of roads at the county level or above, make 5 km Buffer zones; 5. [Regarding] the location of potential geological disaster sites, the layout of key water conservancy facilities, and the layout of key transportation and energy facilities. km Buffer; (7.2) Overlay analysis: Overlay analysis of all buffer ranges; (7.3) Adjustment of station location: Adjust the location of the reference station according to the analysis results in step (7.2) to ensure that the reference stations are distributed within the overlapping range of the buffer zone. The adjustment range of the reference station location should be less than one-third of the average station spacing.

5. The spatial layout method for regional CORS reference stations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The requirements for the grid coefficient of the reference station in step (9) are as follows: the grid coefficient of more than 60% of the triangular networks should be better than 0.7, the grid coefficient of more than 85% of the triangular networks should be better than 0.6, and the grid coefficient of the remaining triangular networks, except for a few triangular networks at the provincial boundary, should be better than 0.5.

Images