A w-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element and a radiation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of W wave band single circular polarization glass-based antenna unit and its radiation method, belong to the technical field of feed antenna, solve the problem that existing antenna bandwidth and scanning performance are limited.The present application includes: first layer substrate, second layer substrate, third layer substrate, fourth layer substrate and coaxial feed port;Coaxial feed port is used for feeding, substrate material uses glass substrate, the structure of double-layer patch is designed to increase unit bandwidth;Design patch cut angle to realize the radiation of circular polarization, by designing the structure of H-type slot to realize the isolation of different polarization ports is reduced.The present application can realize that antenna array still has lower standing wave when scanning at large angle, lower polarization isolation, good axial ratio and radiation efficiency and other electrical performance indicators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fed antenna technology, and in particular to a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element and its radiation method. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter-wave phased arrays, due to their smaller antenna and other structures, often require more sophisticated manufacturing processes. The main implementations of such antennas, both domestically and internationally, are based on silicon or PCB substrates.

[0003] In millimeter-wave antenna systems, the antenna is usually integrated with the back-end chip. Therefore, the design difficulty lies in the system integration and packaging. The antenna structure often adopts simple patch antennas and other similar forms.

[0004] The drawbacks of existing technologies are: 1) Silicon-based antenna arrays have high dielectric constants, which limits their operating bandwidth and scanning performance. 2) PCB-based antenna arrays are only suitable for one-dimensional antenna arrays, and their array size and scanning angle are limited. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element and its radiation method to solve the problems of limited operating bandwidth and scanning performance in existing systems.

[0006] The objective of this invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element includes: a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, a fourth substrate, and a coaxial feed port; the antenna element is fed through the coaxial feed port.

[0008] Furthermore, the substrate of the antenna unit is made of glass; the thickness of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate is less than the thickness of the fourth substrate.

[0009] Furthermore, a first microstrip patch is disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate; a second microstrip patch is disposed on the lower surface of the first substrate, and the second microstrip patch is located on the upper surface of the second substrate.

[0010] Furthermore, the second microstrip patch has a square hole, which is used to adjust the impedance of the antenna element.

[0011] Furthermore, both the first and second microstrip patches have chamfered edges.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper surface of the third substrate is provided with an H-shaped slit; the lower surface of the third substrate is provided with a coupling microstrip line, and the coupling microstrip line is positioned above the fourth substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, the antenna unit is also provided with a first metal via and a second metal via; the first metal via penetrates through the first substrate and the second substrate; the second metal via penetrates through the third substrate and the fourth substrate.

[0014] Furthermore, the coaxial feed port includes: an inner feed core and an outer feed core; the inner feed core and the outer feed core are coaxially arranged; the upper end of the inner feed core is connected to the coupling microstrip line.

[0015] Furthermore, a first metal ground plane is disposed above the first substrate; a second metal ground plane is disposed above the second substrate; a third metal ground plane is disposed above the third substrate; a fourth metal ground plane is disposed above the fourth substrate; and a fifth metal ground plane is disposed at the bottom of the fourth substrate.

[0016] Both the first and second metal vias are metal tubes; multiple first metal vias surround the outside of the second microstrip patch, and multiple second metal vias surround the outside of the coupled microstrip line.

[0017] A radiation method for a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element, comprising:

[0018] Step S1: Power supply;

[0019] Specifically, the antenna element is fed through the coaxial feed port at the bottom;

[0020] Step S2: Electrical energy is converted into electromagnetic signals

[0021] Specifically, the feed current is transmitted to the coupling microstrip line 401 through the feed core 5, and is converted into an electromagnetic signal through the coupling microstrip line 401;

[0022] Step S3: Perform electromagnetic signal radiation;

[0023] Specifically, the coupled microstrip line transmits electromagnetic signals to the first and second microstrip patches through an H-shaped gap, and performs electromagnetic radiation through the two microstrip patches.

[0024] The technical solution of this invention can achieve at least one of the following effects:

[0025] 1. This invention proposes a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element, using a glass substrate as the dielectric material, and increasing the element bandwidth by designing a double-layer patch structure.

[0026] 2. This invention proposes a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element. Circular polarization radiation is achieved by designing patch chamfering, and the isolation between different polarization ports is reduced by designing a cavity-enclosing slit structure. This enables the antenna array to maintain low standing wave ratio, low polarization isolation, good axial ratio, and other good electrical performance indicators even when scanning at large angles, while also achieving high radiation efficiency.

[0027] 3. The W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element of the present invention can be used to construct millimeter-wave W-band phased array (two-dimensional array) antennas.

[0028] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna unit of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This refers to the upper surface of the first substrate layer;

[0032] Figure 3 This refers to the upper surface of the second substrate layer;

[0033] Figure 4 This refers to the upper surface of the third substrate layer;

[0034] Figure 5 This is the upper surface of the fourth layer substrate;

[0035] Figure 6 This is the lower surface of the fourth layer substrate.

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 1-First substrate layer; 2-Second substrate layer; 3-Third substrate layer; 4-Fourth substrate layer; 5-Power supply inner core; 6-Power supply outer core; 7-First metal via; 8-Second metal via;

[0038] 101 - First microstrip patch; 102 - First metal ground plane;

[0039] 201 - Second microstrip patch; 202 - Square hole; 203 - Second metal ground plane;

[0040] 301-H-type gap; 302-Third metal floor;

[0041] 401 - Coupled microstrip line; 402 - Fourth metal ground plane. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0045] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in order to increase bandwidth and meet the performance requirements of a two-dimensional antenna array, the dielectric material of the antenna element of the present invention is a glass substrate with a low dielectric constant. In order to reduce the difficulty and cost of processing, the antenna element of the present invention has a total of four dielectric layers, which are arranged from top to bottom as follows: first substrate 1, second substrate 2, third substrate 3 and fourth substrate 4.

[0046] This antenna element can be divided into two parts based on the distribution of the metal vias: the first part consisting of two upper dielectric layers and the second part consisting of two lower dielectric layers.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first part includes: a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2; the second part includes: a third substrate 3 and a fourth substrate 4.

[0048] (1) Part One:

[0049] The first part consists of two layers of chamfered microstrip patches.

[0050] Specifically, both the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are glass substrates.

[0051] The dielectric constant of glass substrates is lower than that of silicon substrates, and the lower the dielectric constant of the antenna medium, the wider the antenna bandwidth; therefore, the antenna element can obtain a wider bandwidth. In order to further expand the bandwidth of the antenna element, two microstrip patches are provided on the upper and lower sides of the first substrate 1: the first microstrip patch 101 and the second microstrip patch 201.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the first microstrip patch 101 and the second microstrip patch 201 are located on the upper and lower surfaces of the first substrate 1, respectively.

[0053] Specifically, a first microstrip patch 101 is provided on the upper surface of the first substrate 1; a second microstrip patch 201 is provided on the lower surface of the first substrate 1, and the second microstrip patch 201 is located on the upper surface of the second substrate 2.

[0054] Specifically, the edges of the first microstrip patch 101 and the second microstrip patch 201 are both chamfered. The chamfer is used to achieve micro-perturbation of the antenna element, so that the patch generates higher-order modes. The higher-order modes are orthogonal to the fundamental mode and have a phase difference of 90°, which can generate electromagnetic waves radiated by circular polarization.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, four L-shaped first metal floor plates 102 are provided at the four corners of the upper surface of the first substrate 1.

[0056] Furthermore, a square hole 202 is provided in the middle of the second microstrip patch 201; the square hole 202 is used to adjust the impedance of the single circularly polarized antenna element, thereby adjusting the standing wave of the antenna element under different scanning states.

[0057] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, four L-shaped second metal floor plates 203 are provided at the four corners of the upper surface of the second substrate 2.

[0058] Furthermore, the first part also includes a plurality of through-hole first metal vias 7; the first metal vias 7 are metal tubes that penetrate the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and the plurality of first metal vias 7 surround the outer side of the second microstrip patch 201, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0059] (2) Part Two:

[0060] The second part includes: the third substrate 3 and the fourth substrate 4;

[0061] The third substrate 3 has an H-shaped slit 301.

[0062] Specifically, the H-shaped gap 301 penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the third substrate 3, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0063] Furthermore, a third metal floor 302 is provided on the upper surface of the third substrate 3. Specifically, the third metal floor 302 is laid on the outside of the H-shaped gap 301, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0064] Furthermore, the upper end of the first metal via 7 is connected to the first metal floor 102, and the lower end is connected to the third metal floor 302, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0065] Specifically, the coupling microstrip line 401 is located on the lower surface of the third substrate 3, and at the same time, the coupling microstrip line 401 is located on the upper surface of the fourth substrate 4; that is, the coupling microstrip line 401 is disposed between the third substrate 3 and the fourth substrate 4.

[0066] Furthermore, the second part is provided with multiple through-hole second metal vias 8; the second metal vias 8 are metal tubes that penetrate the third substrate 3 and the fourth substrate 4, and the multiple second metal vias 8 surround the outside of the coupling microstrip line 401, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown.

[0067] By setting a first metal via 7 and a second metal via 8, the present invention can achieve low standing wave ratio and low polarization isolation while enabling the antenna array to scan at a large angle.

[0068] Furthermore, an annular fourth metal ground plane 402 is provided on the upper surface of the fourth substrate 4; the fourth metal ground plane 402 is located outside the coupling microstrip line 401.

[0069] Furthermore, a fifth metal floor is disposed on the lower surface of the fourth substrate 4.

[0070] Furthermore, the upper end of the second metal via 8 is connected to the upper surface of the third substrate 3, and the lower end is connected to the fifth metal ground plane.

[0071] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element is fed through a coaxial feed port.

[0072] The coaxial power supply port includes: inner power supply core 5 and outer power supply core 6.

[0073] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, the inner power supply core 5 is located inside the outer power supply core 6, and the two are coaxial.

[0074] Furthermore, the inner feed core 5 passes through the fourth substrate 4 and connects to the coupling microstrip line 401. The outer feed core 6 is connected to the lower surface of the fourth substrate 4. Specifically, the outer side of the outer feed core 6 of the coaxial feed port is connected to the bottom fifth metal ground plane.

[0075] In practice, the antenna unit of the present invention is provided with a coaxial feeding method, including a feeding inner core 5 and a feeding outer core 6. The coaxial impedance is adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the feeding inner core 5 and the feeding outer core 6, and the coaxial impedance range is set to 50±30 ohms.

[0076] Considering that using a thicker upper three dielectric layers would introduce two problems: firstly, the dielectric itself has losses, which would reduce the antenna's radiation efficiency; secondly, the strip feed line of the antenna element would have more difficulty coupling upwards to the patch to radiate energy, thus reducing the antenna's gain. Therefore, the dielectric thickness of the antenna element in this invention is configured with the upper three layers being thin and the fourth layer being thick.

[0077] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and the third substrate 3 have a uniform processing thickness. The fourth substrate 4 has a thickness greater than that of the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and the third substrate 3.

[0078] Furthermore, the dielectric material of the single circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention is a glass substrate, the dielectric constant of which is 5 and the dielectric loss tangent is 0.011.

[0079] The single circularly polarized antenna unit of this invention is designed with a four-layer glass substrate, namely: a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, a third substrate 3, and a fourth substrate 4. The thickness of the glass substrate is between 0.1mm and 0.3mm, with the bottom layer being a 0.3mm glass substrate. The upper three glass substrates have a uniform processing thickness of 0.15mm, resulting in a substrate thickness of 0.15mm + 0.15mm + 0.15mm + 0.30mm. That is, the thickness of the first substrate 1, the second substrate 2, and the third substrate 3 is all 0.15mm, and the thickness of the fourth substrate 4 is 0.3mm.

[0080] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal ground plane of the single circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention is set to 0.02 mm.

[0081] Furthermore, the size of the single circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention is 0.5λ*0.5λ, where λ is the wavelength of an 83GHz electromagnetic wave in free space.

[0082] The diameter of the metal vias in the antenna element, the minimum center-to-center distance between metal vias, and the minimum distance from the edge of a metal via to the edge of a metal via are all designed according to the actual manufacturing process of the factory. Specifically, the diameter of the grounding metal vias in the single circular polarization antenna element of the present invention is 0.06 mm, the minimum center-to-center distance between metal vias is 0.12 mm, and the minimum distance from the edge of a metal via to the edge of a metal via is 0.03 mm.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a radiation method for a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element as described in Embodiment 1 is provided. Specifically, the feeding process is as follows:

[0085] Step S1: Power supply;

[0086] Specifically, the antenna element is fed through the coaxial feed port at the bottom;

[0087] Step S2: Electrical energy is converted into electromagnetic signals

[0088] Specifically, the feeding core 5 is the feeding part, and the feeding core 5 extends directly to the coupling microstrip line 401 on the third substrate 3; the feeding current is transmitted to the coupling microstrip line 401 through the feeding core 5, and is converted into an electromagnetic signal through the coupling microstrip line 401.

[0089] Step S3: Perform electromagnetic signal radiation;

[0090] The coupled microstrip line 401 transmits electromagnetic signals to the first microstrip patch 101 and the second microstrip patch 201 through the H-shaped slot 301, and performs electromagnetic radiation through the two microstrip patches.

[0091] Specifically, the single circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention adopts coaxial feeding, and the coaxial feeding port includes a feeding inner core 5 and a feeding outer core 6, which are coaxially arranged.

[0092] In step S1, the coaxial impedance of the coaxial feed port is set to 40 ohms, the diameter of the inner feed core 5 is 0.09 mm, and the diameter of the outer feed core 6 is 0.266 mm. Alternatively, the coaxial impedance is set to 50 ohms, the diameter of the inner feed core 5 is 0.09 mm, and the diameter of the outer feed core is 0.387 mm.

[0093] Furthermore, the single circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention can be extended into a dual circularly polarized antenna element, which is fed through two coaxial feed ports; when using two coaxial feed ports for feeding, the coaxial impedance of the coaxial feed ports is set to 40 ohms.

[0094] Furthermore, in step S3, the second microstrip patch 201 with the hole can be used to adjust the impedance of the antenna.

[0095] The W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element of the present invention is set to operate in the W-band 79GHz-83GHz range. The single circularly polarized antenna element is simulated and optimized under infinite periodic environmental conditions, and the scanning standing wave performance, scanning radiation efficiency performance and scanning axial ratio performance of the single circularly polarized antenna element are finally obtained.

[0096] Simulation results show that within the W-band operating frequency band, the worst VSWR at the port of a single circularly polarized antenna element is 2.30, and the lowest radiation efficiency is 69%, when the scanning angle of the single circularly polarized antenna element increases from 0° to 60° in the phi=0° and phi=90° planes. The axial ratio of the single circularly polarized antenna element is less than 3dB in the operating frequency band when not scanning, less than 4dB when the scanning angle increases to 45°, and less than 5dB when the scanning angle increases to 60°.

[0097] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this embodiment has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0098] 1. This invention proposes a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element, using a glass substrate with a low dielectric constant as the dielectric material, and increasing the element bandwidth by designing a double-layer patch structure.

[0099] 2. This invention proposes a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element. Circular polarization radiation is achieved by designing patch chamfers. Isolation between different polarization ports is reduced by designing an H-shaped slot 301 and a slotted cavity structure. This enables the antenna array to achieve low standing wave ratio, low polarization isolation, and good axial ratio and other electrical performance indicators while ensuring radiation efficiency.

[0100] 3. The single circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention can be used to construct W-band phased array (two-dimensional) antenna arrays, which belong to miniaturized wide-area millimeter-wave wireless communication system technology and have broad application prospects in mobile communication, ultra-wideband, Internet of Things and other fields.

[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element at W-band, characterized in that, include: First substrate layer, second substrate layer, third substrate layer, fourth substrate layer and coaxial power supply port; The antenna element is fed through a coaxial feed port; The substrate of the antenna unit is made of glass. The thickness of the first substrate layer, the second substrate layer, and the third substrate layer is 0.15 mm, and the thickness of the fourth substrate layer is 0.3 mm. A first microstrip patch is disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate; a second microstrip patch is disposed on the lower surface of the first substrate, and the second microstrip patch is located on the upper surface of the second substrate; both the edges of the first and second microstrip patches are chamfered, and a square hole is disposed in the middle of the second microstrip patch; an H-shaped slot is disposed on the upper surface of the third substrate; a third metal ground plane is also disposed on the outside of the H-shaped slot; a coupling microstrip line is disposed on the lower surface of the third substrate, and the coupling microstrip line is disposed above the fourth substrate; The coaxial feed port includes: an inner feed core and an outer feed core; the inner feed core and the outer feed core are coaxially arranged; the upper end of the inner feed core is connected to the coupling microstrip line; The antenna unit is also provided with a first metal via and a second metal via; the first metal via penetrates the first substrate and the second substrate; the second metal via penetrates the third substrate and the fourth substrate; a plurality of first metal vias surround the outside of the second microstrip patch, and a plurality of second metal vias surround the outside of the coupling microstrip line. Four L-shaped first metal ground planes are set at the four corners above the first substrate; four L-shaped second metal ground planes are set at the four corners above the second substrate; a ring-shaped fourth metal ground plane located outside the coupled microstrip line is set above the fourth substrate; the thickness of the metal ground planes is 0.02 mm. The upper end of the first metal via is connected to the first metal floor, and the lower end is connected to the third metal floor.

2. The W-band single circular polarized glass-based antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power-feeding outer core (6) is connected to the lower surface of the fourth substrate (4).

3. The W-band single-circularly polarized glass-based antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, A fifth metal floor is provided at the bottom of the fourth substrate (4).

4. The W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first metal via (7) and the second metal via (8) are metal tubes.

5. A radiation method for a W-band single circularly polarized glass-based antenna element according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Power supply; The antenna element is fed through the coaxial feed port at the bottom. Step S2: Electrical energy is converted into electromagnetic signals The feed current is transmitted to the coupling microstrip line (401) through the feed core (5), and is converted into an electromagnetic signal through the coupling microstrip line (401); Step S3: Perform electromagnetic signal radiation; The coupled microstrip line transmits electromagnetic signals to the first microstrip patch (101) and the second microstrip patch (201) through the H-shaped slot (301), and performs electromagnetic radiation through the first microstrip patch (101) and the second microstrip patch (201).

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