Collecting ue positioning information in non-terrestrial networks

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to collecting user equipment (UE) positioning information in non-terrestrial networks. A user equipment (UE) is configured to collect UE positioning information configured to indicate a location of the UE, wherein the UE is deployed on an aircraft, and report the UE positioning information to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN). Additionally, a user equipment (UE) is configured to receive a request for uplink positioning reference signals, wherein the uplink positioning reference signals are used to indicate a location of the UE, and wherein the UE is deployed on an aircraft, and transmit the uplink positioning reference signals to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

Description

[0001] Priority / Incorporation by Reference

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 260,860, entitled “Group Positioning” and filed September 2, 2021, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. BACKGROUND

[0003] A user equipment (UE) can connect to a non-terrestrial network (NTN). An NTN can generally refer to any network that can involve non-terrestrial flying objects, such as satellite communication networks, high-altitude platform systems, air-to-ground (ATG) networks, etc. It has been recognized that mechanisms related to collecting UE positioning information in an NTN are needed. SUMMARY

[0004] Some example embodiments relate to a processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations. The operations include collecting UE positioning information configured to indicate a location of the UE, where the UE is deployed on an aircraft, and reporting the UE positioning information to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0005] Other example embodiments relate to a processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations. The operations include receiving a request for uplink positioning reference signals, where the uplink positioning reference signals are used to indicate a location of the UE, and where the UE is deployed on an aircraft, and transmitting the uplink positioning reference signals to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0006] Still further example embodiments relate to a processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations. The operations include reporting group information indicating that the UE is part of a group of UEs, the group of UEs including at least the UE and a second UE, collecting UE positioning information including information associated with at least the UE, and reporting the UE positioning information to a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0007] Additional example embodiments relate to a processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations. The operations include reporting group information indicating that the UE is part of a group of UEs, the group of UEs including at least the UE and a second UE, and transmitting uplink positioning reference signals to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 An example network arrangement is shown in accordance with various example embodiments.

[0009] Figure 2An exemplary satellite-based non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0010] Figure 3 An exemplary user equipment (UE) is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0011] Figure 4 An exemplary base station is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0012] Figure 5 An exemplary scenario is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0013] Figure 6 A method for collecting UE positioning information for UEs on an aircraft is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0014] Figure 7 A method for collecting UE positioning information for UEs on an aircraft is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0015] Figure 8 A scenario is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0016] Figure 9 A method for collecting UE group positioning information is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0017] Figure 10 An example of reporting UE positioning information is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Exemplary embodiments can be further understood with reference to the following description and the associated drawings, in which like elements share the same reference numbers. Exemplary embodiments relate to collecting and reporting user equipment (UE) positioning information in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

[0019] Exemplary embodiments are described with reference to a UE. However, reference to a UE is provided for illustrative purposes only. Exemplary embodiments can be used with any electronic component equipped with hardware, software, and / or firmware for exchanging signals with a network and / or another remote device. Accordingly, the UE described herein is used to represent any electronic component.

[0020] Exemplary embodiments are also described with reference to NTNs. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term “NTN” can generally refer to any network that can involve non-terrestrial flying objects, such as satellite communication networks, high-altitude platform systems, air-to-ground (ATG) networks, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, and the like. In the examples provided below, the NTN network can be supported by a fifth generation (5G) system. For example, one or more satellites can provide UEs with access to a 5G network, or a next generation NodeB (gNB) can be configured to support ATG communications. However, exemplary embodiments are not limited to the use of 5G systems integrated with NTNs. Exemplary embodiments can be used with (or without) any other appropriate type of network configured to support NTNs.

[0021] According to some aspects, exemplary embodiments introduce mechanisms for collecting positioning information from UEs located on an aircraft. The aircraft is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) and / or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for navigation. The aircraft can relay its positioning information to air traffic control (ATC) using a satellite link and / or base station configured to support ATG communications. It has been recognized that alternative methods are needed in the event that an issue arises that prevents the aircraft from relaying positioning information to the ATC. For example, an event can occur that intentionally or unintentionally silences the aircraft radio, and as a result, the ATC can not be able to directly locate the aircraft via the aircraft’s transceiver. Exemplary embodiments introduce mechanisms for collecting UE positioning information from one or more UEs located on an aircraft. While this information can be used to help locate the aircraft, e.g., a radio-silenced aircraft, in the context of the exemplary scenarios described above, exemplary embodiments are not limited to any particular type of scenario or condition in which UE positioning information is collected.

[0022] Additionally, exemplary embodiments introduce techniques for collecting and reporting positioning information from a group of UEs. It has been recognized that when multiple UEs are gathered in an area (e.g., an aircraft, train, car, building, outdoors, etc.), group positioning information can be used instead of individual UE positioning information to minimize signaling overhead and improve positioning accuracy. In exemplary embodiments described below, the UEs in a group can connect to each other using non-cellular methods (e.g., sidelink, short-range communication protocols, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), etc.), and one or more UEs in the group can provide group positioning information to a cellular network. The exemplary mechanisms and techniques introduced herein can be used independently of each other, in conjunction with other currently implemented mechanisms for collecting UE positioning information, in conjunction with future implementations of mechanisms for collecting UE positioning information, or independently of other mechanisms for collecting UE positioning information.

[0023] In some examples, UEs can communicate with each other using a short-range communication protocol. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a short-range communication protocol enables short-range communication between two or more devices. The various examples described herein can make reference to Bluetooth (e.g., Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), etc.), which is a particular type of short-range communication protocol. However, example implementations can be implemented using any appropriate type of wireless communication protocol. Throughout this specification, any reference to a term such as “Bluetooth,” “short-range communication protocol,” “wireless communication protocol,” “short-range connection,” or “short-range communication link” is provided for illustrative purposes only. Example implementations can be applicable to any appropriate type of communication protocol.

[0024] To provide a general example of using a short-range communication protocol, a first UE can communicate with another UE without using a cellular network connection. The first UE and the second UE can communicate with each other using a short-range communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, BLE, etc.). Thus, if the first UE and the second UE are within proximity of each other (e.g., within a distance at which Bluetooth or BLE communication can be performed), the first UE and the second UE can exchange signals directly over the air using a short-range communication link.

[0025] In other examples, UEs can communicate with each other using a sidelink. The term “sidelink” generally refers to a communication link between a UE and another UE. A sidelink provides direct device-to-device (D2D) communication, in which information and / or data exchanged between the UE and the other UE via the sidelink does not pass through a cell. In some configurations, a single sidelink provides bidirectional communication between a UE and another UE. In other configurations, a single sidelink provides unidirectional communication between a UE and another UE. Example implementations can be applicable to a bidirectional sidelink or a unidirectional sidelink.

[0026] Sidelink communication is supported by 5G NR and other 3GPP standards. In some configurations, a network can provide a UE with information indicating how to establish, maintain, and / or utilize a sidelink. Thus, when information and / or data exchanged over a sidelink does not pass through a cell, a UE and a network can exchange information associated with the sidelink. In other configurations, a sidelink is not controlled by a network. In either configuration, a UE and another UE can still perform synchronization procedures, discovery procedures, and exchange control information corresponding to the sidelink.

[0027] Figure 1An example network arrangement 100 is shown in accordance with various example embodiments. The example network arrangement 100 includes a UE 110. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the UE 110 can be any type of electronic component configured to communicate via a network, such as a mobile phone, tablet, desktop computer, smart phone, phablet, embedded device, wearable device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. It will also be appreciated that a practical network arrangement can include any number of UEs used by any number of users. Thus, only an example with a single UE 110 is provided for purposes of illustration.

[0028] The UE 110 can be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of the network arrangement 100, the network with which the UE 110 can wirelessly communicate is a 5G New Radio (NR) Radio Access Network (RAN) 120. However, the UE 110 can also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., a 5G Cloud RAN, a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN), a Long Term Evolution RAN, a traditional cellular network, a WLAN, etc.), and the UE 110 can also communicate with a network through a wired connection. With reference to the example embodiments, the UE 110 can establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN 120. Thus, the UE 110 can have at least a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the NR RAN 120.

[0029] The 5G NR RAN 120 can be part of a cellular network that can be deployed by a network operator (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc.). The 5G NR RAN 120 may, for example, include base stations and / or access nodes (NodeBs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocell base stations, microcell base stations, small-cell base stations, femtocell base stations, etc.) that are configured to send and receive communication traffic from UEs equipped with the appropriate cellular chipset.

[0030] The 5G NR RAN 120 can deploy one or more base stations. In the network arrangement 100, the base stations gNB 120A and gNB 120B have been deployed by the 5G NR RAN 120. The gNB 120A can be equipped with hardware, software, and / or firmware configured to support ATG capabilities. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that ATG generally refers to a base station deployed on the ground that can be used as an access node for equipment deployed in the air. In one example, the UE 110 can be located on an aircraft and directly connect to the gNB 120A using ATG functionality. In another example, the aircraft can be equipped with a system that accesses 5G services via the gNB 120A. Throughout the present specification, an ATG network can generally refer to a network that has deployed a base station configured to support ATG communications. Thus, in the network arrangement 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 can support an ATG network.

[0031] In some examples, the gNB 120B can control one or more transmission and reception points (TRPs) located on non-ground-based components (e.g., satellites, etc.). Signals exchanged over the air by the non-ground-based components can be relayed to ground-based components (e.g., ground satellite dishes, etc.) that can also be controlled by the gNB 120B. In one example, the UE 110 can be located on an aircraft and directly connect to the gNB 120B via a satellite or any other appropriate type of non-ground-based component. In another example, the aircraft can be equipped with a system that accesses 5G services via the gNB 120B. Throughout the present specification, a satellite-based NTN can generally refer to a network that has deployed a satellite configured to provide access to network services. Additional details of a satellite-based NTN architecture are provided below with reference to Figure 2 the network architecture 200 of FIG. 2.

[0032] In the network arrangement 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 can support both an ATG network and a satellite-based NTN. However, the reference to a single RAN configured to support both an ATG network and a satellite-based NTN is provided for illustrative purposes only. Using components deployed within and / or outside any appropriate number of RANs, a 5G system (or any other appropriate type of wireless communication architecture) can support any appropriate number of ATG networks and / or satellite-based NTNs.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any associated procedures can be performed to cause the UE 110 to connect to the 5G NR RAN 120 via the gNB 120A or the gNB 120B. For example, as discussed above, the 5G NR RAN 120 can be associated with a particular cellular provider at which the UE 110 and / or its user has agreement and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card). Upon detecting the presence of the 5G NR RAN 120, the UE 110 can transmit the corresponding credential information in order to associate with the 5G NR RAN 120. More specifically, the UE 110 can associate with a particular base station (e.g., the gNB 120A or the gNB 120B).

[0034] The network arrangement 100 also includes a cellular core network 130, the Internet 140, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 150, and a network services backbone 160. The cellular core network 130 can refer to an interconnected set of components that manage the operation and traffic of a cellular network. It can include an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and / or a 5G Core (5GC). The cellular core network 130 also manages traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet 140. The IMS 150 can generally be described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE 110 using IP protocols. The IMS 150 can communicate with the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide multimedia services to the UE 110. The network services backbone 160 is in direct or indirect communication with the Internet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network services backbone 160 can generally be described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc.) that implement a suite of services that can be used to extend the functionality of the UE 110 in communicating with various networks.

[0035] The network arrangement 100 can also include a positioning server 170. The positioning server 170 can represent hardware, software, and / or firmware components configured to receive and provide access to UE positioning information. For example, the positioning server 170 can be provided with UE 110 positioning information, and the ATC system can be configured to directly or indirectly access the UE positioning information. Accordingly, the positioning server 170 can have one or more interfaces to communicate with other components of the network arrangement 100 and / or other systems not shown in the network arrangement 100 (e.g., ATC, etc.).

[0036] In network architecture 100, positioning server 170 is shown as being external to core network 130. However, these examples are provided merely for illustrative purposes. Positioning server 170 can be deployed in any suitable virtual and / or physical location (e.g., within a mobile network operator domain or within a third party domain) and implemented via any suitable combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware. It should also be appreciated that a practical network arrangement can include any suitable number of positioning servers. Thus, the example of a single positioning server 170 is provided merely for purposes of illustration.

[0037] Figure 2 An example satellite-based NTN architecture 200 is shown in accordance with various example embodiments. NTN architecture 200 includes one or more satellites 215 integrated with 5G NR RAN 120. However, reference to a 5G NR RAN is provided merely for illustrative purposes. Example embodiments can be applied to satellite-based NTNs supported by any suitable type of RAN and / or data network.

[0038] Satellite-based NTN architecture 200 includes a gateway 210 connecting 5G NR RAN 120 with non-terrestrial components. In the example of FIG. 2, gateway 210 is implemented as a ground- based component. However, gateway 210 can be implemented in any suitable location (e.g., in space, on the ground, etc.) and via any suitable combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware. Figure 2 In satellite-based NTN architecture 200, gateway 210 and satellite 215 communicate via a feeder link 225. However, in a practical network architecture, any number of satellites 215 can communicate with any number of gateways 210 via any number or type of communication links. For example, in some NTN deployments, some satellites can be simultaneously served by several gateways.

[0039] Satellite 215 can implement a transparent payload or a regenerative payload. A transparent payload refers to an arrangement in which satellite 215 receives a signal and transmits an amplified version of the signal with frequency translation. For example, satellite 215 can receive an uplink communication from UE 110 on a service link 230 frequency and transmit an amplified version of the signal to 5G NR RAN 120 on a feeder link 225 frequency, or can receive a downlink communication from 5G NR RAN 120 on a feeder link 225 frequency and transmit an amplified version of the signal to UE 110 on a service link 230 frequency. A regenerative payload refers to an arrangement in which satellite 215 acts as a distributed unit (DU) of a base station (e.g., gNB 120B), in which received signals are regenerated with signal processing techniques (e.g., demodulation, decoding, switching, encoding, modulation, etc.) prior to retransmission. Satellite 215 generates one or more beams within a service area bounded by its field of view, which can depend on the antenna arrangement and elevation angle of satellite 215.

[0040] With reference to FIG. 2, in a regenerative payload arrangement, gNB 120B can be located in an aerial component (e.g., satellite 215) or a ground-based component (e.g., gateway 210). In some embodiments, gNB 120B can be implemented as a virtual component (e.g., in a virtualized environment, in a cloud computing environment, etc.). In some embodiments, gNB 120B can be implemented as a distributed component (e.g., in a distributed computing environment, in a cloud computing environment, etc.). In some embodiments, gNB 120B can be implemented as a combination of a virtual component and a distributed component. Figure 1 In a regenerative payload arrangement, gNB 120B can be located in an aerial component (e.g., satellite 215) or a ground-based component (e.g., gateway 210). In some embodiments, gNB 120B can be implemented as a virtual component (e.g., in a virtualized environment, in a cloud computing environment, etc.). In some embodiments, gNB 120B can be implemented as a distributed component (e.g., in a distributed computing environment, in a cloud computing environment, etc.). In some embodiments, gNB 120B can be implemented as a combination of a virtual component and a distributed component.Figure 2 On satellite 215. In a transparent payload arrangement, gNB 120B may be located on the ground, and satellite 215 is used to mirror the signal between gNB 120B and UE 110, as described above.

[0041] Referenced above Figure 2 The examples described in Architecture 200 are not intended to limit the exemplary implementation in any way. Those skilled in the art will understand that NTNs can be integrated with 5G NR RANs and / or other networks in any of a variety of ways. For example, a satellite-based NTN may include a low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation comprising a series of satellites and gateways with extensive interconnectivity via ground-to-ground (G2G) links, satellite-to-satellite (S2S) links, ground-to-satellite (G2S) links, and satellite-to-ground (S2G) links. Other types of satellite-based NTNs include geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites or medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites.

[0042] Geostationary (GEO) satellites are Earth orbiting satellites positioned at a specific altitude directly above the Earth's equator. GEO satellites rotate in the same direction as the Earth's rotation, from west to east, and at that altitude, they orbit the Earth once every 24 hours (the same length of time it takes for the Earth to rotate once on its axis). Therefore, relative to a ground-based observer, geostationary satellites appear stationary (or nearly stationary) in the sky.

[0043] Different types of NTNs each have their own advantages and disadvantages and can be deployed in various scenarios, depending on the objectives to be achieved, such as wide coverage across large areas, concentrated coverage in urban environments, or along high-traffic routes. Therefore, this information is provided for illustrative purposes only. Figure 2 The satellite-based NTN architecture 200 described in the document.

[0044] Figure 3 An exemplary UE 110 according to various exemplary embodiments is shown. Reference will be made to... Figure 1 The network layout 100 is used to describe UE 110. UE 110 may include a processor 305, a memory layout 310, a display device 315, an input / output (I / O) device 320, a transceiver 325, and other components 330. Other components 330 may include, for example, audio input devices, audio output devices, power sources, data acquisition devices, ports for electrically connecting UE 110 to other electronic devices, etc.

[0045] The processor 305 can be configured to execute a number of engines of the UE 110. For example, the engines can include a positioning information engine 335. The positioning information engine 335 can perform various operations such as, but not limited to, receiving configuration information, collecting positioning information associated with the UE 110, receiving positioning information from other UEs in a group of UEs, and reporting positioning information to a network.

[0046] The above-described engine 335 as an application (e.g., program) executed by the processor 305 is provided for illustration only. The functionality associated with the engine 335 can also be represented as a standalone combined component of the UE 110 or can be a modular component coupled to the UE 110, such as an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit can include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engine can also be embodied as one application or a plurality of separate applications. Further, in some UEs, the functionality described with respect to the processor 305 is split between two or more processors, such as a baseband processor and an application processor. The example embodiments can be implemented in any of these or other configurations of the UE.

[0047] The memory arrangement 310 can be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 315 can be a hardware component configured to display data to a user, while the I / O device 320 can be a hardware component that enables a user to make inputs. The display device 315 and the I / O device 320 can be separate components or can be integrated together, such as a touchscreen. The transceiver 325 can be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN 120, a LTE-RAN (not shown), a legacy RAN (not shown), a WLAN (not shown), etc. Thus, the transceiver 225 can operate on a number of different frequencies or channels (e.g., a set of contiguous frequencies).

[0048] Figure 4 An example base station 400 is shown in accordance with various example embodiments. The base station 400 can represent a gNB 120A, gNB 120B, or any other appropriate type of access node with which the UE 110 can establish a connection and manage network operations.

[0049] The base station 400 can include a processor 405, a memory arrangement 410, an input / output (I / O) device 415, a transceiver 420, and other components 425. The other components 425 can include, for example, a battery, a data acquisition device, a port to electrically connect the base station to other electronic devices, etc.

[0050] The processor 405 can be configured to execute a number of engines of the base station 400. For example, the processor 405 of the base station 400 can execute a UE positioning engine 430. The UE positioning engine 430 can perform various operations such as, but not limited to, triggering a UE to report its positioning information and / or positioning information associated with a group of UEs.

[0051] However, the reference to the processor 405 is exemplary only. The functionality associated with the engine 430 can also be represented as a standalone component of the base station 400, or can be a modular component coupled to the base station 400, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit can include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. Further, in some base stations, the functionality described with respect to the processor 545 is split among multiple processors (e.g., a baseband processor, an application processor, etc.). The example embodiments can be implemented in accordance with any of these or other configurations of the base station.

[0052] The memory 410 can be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the base station 400. The I / O device 415 can be a hardware component or port that enables a user to interact with the base station 400. The transceiver 420 can be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and any other UEs or devices. The transceiver 420 can operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., a set of contiguous frequencies). Thus, the transceiver 420 can include one or more components (e.g., radio components) to enable data exchange with various networks and UEs.

[0053] According to some aspects, the example embodiments introduce mechanisms for collecting UE location information in NTN and are described with reference to a scenario in which one or more UEs are located on an aircraft. However, while the example embodiments introduced herein can be used to locate an aircraft using UE positioning information, the example embodiments are not limited to this type of use case and can be used regardless of where the UEs are located.

[0054] Figure 5 An example scenario 500 is shown in accordance with various example embodiments. The example scenario 500 includes a gNB 120A, an aircraft 505, a satellite 515, a ground satellite dish 520, and an ATC 525. The aircraft 505 can be equipped with one or more systems to facilitate communication in the air with the gNB 120A (e.g., ATG) and the satellite 515 (e.g., satellite-based NTN). In general, the aircraft 505 can use the ATG network and / or the NTN to support a wireless local area network (WLAN) deployed on the aircraft 505 that provides devices with access to a data network.

[0055] Additionally, aircraft 505 may be equipped with GPS and / or GNSS. Positioning information from these systems can be provided to ATC 525 via gNB 120A or satellite 515. For example, aircraft 505 can transmit signals in the air to gNB 120A or satellite 515 to notify it of its positioning information. This information can then be provided to... Figure 1 The location server 170 or any other suitable type of physical / virtual location accessible by the ATC 525. Therefore, in exemplary scenario 500, direct connections between the gNB 120A and the ATC 525, and between the ground satellite dish antenna 520 and the ATC 525, are provided solely for illustrative purposes. Those skilled in the art will understand that the connections shown in exemplary scenario 500 are not direct communication links between these components. Instead, connections between the gNB 120A and the ATC 525, and between the ground satellite dish antenna 520 and the ATC 525, can be facilitated by intermediate hardware and software components, examples of which are provided in […]. Figure 1 Exemplary network arrangement 100 and Figure 2 An exemplary satellite-based NTN architecture 200 is shown.

[0056] The ATC 525 can access location servers (e.g., Figure 1 (Location server 170). Throughout this specification, operations characterized as being performed by the ATC 525 can be performed by the location server and / or any other suitable component within the domain of the mobile network operator or within a third-party domain implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software and / or firmware.

[0057] When aircraft 505 is in the air, both UE 110 and UE 510 are on the aircraft. In exemplary scenario 500, it is assumed that a problem occurs and aircraft 505 is unable to transmit its location information to gNB 120A or satellite 515 in the air. For example, an event could cause aircraft 505 to enter radio silence.

[0058] Exemplary embodiments describe mechanisms that can be used by a UE on an aircraft to collect location information. As will be described in more detail below, some exemplary embodiments are based on the UE collecting location information derived from downlink signals and reporting that location information to the network. Other exemplary embodiments involve triggering the UE to transmit uplink signals that provide a basis for deriving the UE's location information.

[0059] Figure 6 A method 600 for collecting UE location information of a UE on an aircraft, according to various exemplary embodiments, is shown. Figure 5 The context description method for scenario 500 is 600.

[0060] In step 605, one or more UEs on aircraft 505 are identified. This may include identifying whether any of the UEs supports ATG or whether any UE supports satellite-based NTN. In the context of scenario 500, it may be assumed that at least UE 110 supports both capabilities. However, this example is provided for illustrative purposes only; in a real-world scenario, a UE on aircraft 505 may support both ATG and satellite-based NTN, support only one of ATG and satellite-based NTN, or support only ATG or satellite-based NTN.

[0061] If the UE is powered on while on aircraft 505, its capabilities can be identified from either the serving ATG cell or the serving satellite-based NTN cell. However, if the UE is powered off while on aircraft 505, its capabilities can be identified from the UE's last serving cell (e.g., the cell that provides coverage to the departure airport).

[0062] In some implementations, one or more components of the 5G system may perform the identification operations described above with reference to 605. In other implementations, the ATC 525 and / or any other suitable system or entity (e.g., a location server, etc.) may perform the identification operations described above with reference to 605. However, these examples are provided for illustrative purposes only, and exemplary implementations may use any suitable set of one or more components to perform the identification in 605.

[0063] In step 610, UE 110 is triggered to collect UE location information. In step 615, UE 110 transmits the UE location information to the network. UE 110 may report the UE location information to ATC 525, a location server, or any other appropriate entity via an ATG serving cell or a satellite-based NTN serving cell. For example, in the context of scenario 500, UE 110 may transmit the UE location information over the air to gNB 120A or satellite 515. Additional details related to collecting and reporting UE location information (e.g., steps 610 to 615) are provided below.

[0064] In some implementations, the ATC 525 (e.g., a location server, etc.) may use NTN to trigger UE 110 to collect UE location information and report the results to the ATC 525. For example, the network may transmit explicit or implicit signals from satellite 515 configured to trigger an NTN-enabled UE to report UE location information. In another example, UE 110 may be pre-configured to monitor certain types of conditions, events, and / or signals. During operation, the network may intentionally activate UE location reporting, and / or UE 110 may be triggered to report UE location information when certain conditions are present. When UE 110 is triggered to report UE location information, there may be a situation where UE 110 is not connected to a satellite-based NTN serving cell. Therefore, in some cases, UE 110 may have to connect to a satellite-based NTN cell (e.g., satellite 515) before reporting UE location information to the ATC 525.

[0065] In one example, UE 110 may support UE-based GPS positioning. Therefore, in 610, UE 110 may retrieve its positioning information from other internal UE mechanisms. UE 110 may then report its positioning information to ATC 525 via satellite 515. ATC 525 may be able to locate aircraft 505 based on the positioning information of UE 110, since UE 110 is on aircraft 505.

[0066] In another example, UE 110 may support network-assisted downlink positioning (e.g., observed time difference of arrival (OTODA), etc.). Therefore, the NTN may transmit one or more downlink signals to UE 110. UE 110 may then collect measurement data based on these one or more downlink signals (e.g., OTD, signal strength, etc.) and report this measurement data to ATC 525 (e.g., a positioning server). ATC 525 may be able to locate aircraft 505 based on UE 110's positioning information, since UE 110 is on aircraft 505.

[0067] In some implementations, the ATC 525 (e.g., a location server, etc.) may use ATG to trigger UE 110 to collect UE location information and report the results to the ATC 525. For example, the network may transmit explicit or implicit signals from gNB 120A to trigger an ATG-capable UE to report UE location information. In another example, UE 110 may be pre-configured to monitor certain types of conditions, events, and / or signals. During operation, the network may intentionally activate UE location reporting, and / or UE 110 may be triggered to report UE location information when certain conditions are present. When UE 110 is triggered to report UE location information, there may be a situation where UE 110 is not connected to an ATG serving cell. Therefore, in some cases, UE 110 may have to connect to an ATG cell (e.g., gNB 120A) before reporting UE location information to the ATC 525.

[0068] In one example, UE 110 may support UE-based GPS positioning. Therefore, in 610, UE 110 may retrieve its positioning information from other internal UE mechanisms. UE 110 may then report its positioning information to ATC 525 via gNB 120A. ATC 525 may be able to locate aircraft 505 based on UE 110's positioning information, since UE 110 is on aircraft 505.

[0069] In another example, UE 110 may support network-assisted downlink positioning (e.g., OTODA, etc.). Therefore, the network may transmit one or more downlink signals to UE 110. UE 110 may then collect measurement data based on these one or more downlink signals (e.g., time difference of arrival, signal strength, etc.) and report this measurement data to ATC 525 (e.g., a positioning server). ATC 525 may be able to locate aircraft 505 based on UE 110's positioning information, since UE 110 is on aircraft 505.

[0070] As indicated above, the ATC 525 (e.g., a positioning server) can collect UE positioning information from UEs with satellite-based NTN capability and UEs with ATG capability. In some implementations, the positioning server can treat multiple UEs on the same aircraft as a single UE to increase the number of positioning anchors for measurement. For example, an NTN-enabled UE can measure downlink positioning signals from one or more satellites, and an ATG-enabled UE can measure downlink positioning signals from one or more ground gNBs. The measurement data is reported to the positioning server by multiple UEs. The positioning server can then use all the measurement data to derive the location of the aircraft 505.

[0071] Return to Figure 5In scenario 500, UE 510 is assumed to have ATG capability and / or satellite-based NTN capability. However, UE 510 cannot retrieve UE location information from other internal mechanisms (e.g., GPS), nor can it collect measurement data from the ATG network or the satellite-based NTN network. In this scenario, UE 510 can establish a direct connection with another UE (e.g., UE 110, etc.) on the same aircraft 505. For example, UE 510 and UE 110 can establish a short-range connection (e.g., Bluetooth, etc.) or a sidelink connection. UE 510 can request GPS location information and / or measurement data from UE 110, receive the GPS location information and / or measurement data from UE 110 via the direct connection, and then report the GPS location information and / or measurement data to ATC 525 in the air via the ATG or satellite-based NTN cell.

[0072] Figure 7 A method 700 for collecting UE location information of a UE on an aircraft, according to various exemplary embodiments, is shown. Figure 5 The context description method for scenario 500 is 700.

[0073] In step 705, one or more UEs on aircraft 505 are identified. This is essentially similar to step 605 of method 600. However, unlike method 600, where the UE reports positioning information and / or measurement data to ATC 525, method 700 involves the UE on the aircraft transmitting an uplink positioning reference signal.

[0074] In step 710, UE 110 is triggered to transmit an uplink positioning reference signal. Throughout this specification, the term "uplink positioning reference signal" may refer to a sounding reference signal (SRS) or any other suitable type of uplink signal that can be used to directly or indirectly derive measurement data and / or UE positioning information. Therefore, any reference to an uplink positioning reference signal of a particular type is provided for illustrative purposes.

[0075] In 715, UE 110 transmits uplink positioning reference signals to the network's cell. For example, within the context of scenario 500, satellite 515 or gNB 120A can receive the uplink positioning reference signals from UE 110. In 720, UE positioning information is derived directly or indirectly from the uplink positioning reference signals. For example, measurement data can be derived based on the uplink positioning reference signals, which can then be used to determine the UE's location. Therefore, the measurement data and / or UE positioning information enable ATC 525 to locate aircraft 505.

[0076] In some implementations, the ATC 525 (e.g., a positioning server, etc.) may use the NTN to trigger the UE 110 to transmit an uplink positioning reference signal. For example, the network may transmit explicit or implicit signals from a satellite 515 configured to trigger an NTN-capable UE to transmit an uplink positioning reference signal. In another example, the UE 110 may be pre-configured to monitor certain types of conditions, events, and / or signals. During operation, the network may intentionally activate uplink positioning reference signal transmission, and / or the UE 110 may be triggered to perform uplink positioning reference signal transmission when certain conditions are present.

[0077] In other implementations, the ATC 525 (e.g., a location server, etc.) may use the ATG network to trigger the UE 110 to transmit an uplink location reference signal. For example, the network may transmit explicit or implicit signals from a gNB 120A configured to trigger an ATG-capable UE to transmit an uplink location reference signal. In another example, the UE 110 may be pre-configured to monitor certain types of conditions, events, and / or signals. During operation, the network may intentionally activate uplink location reference signal transmission, and / or the UE 110 may be triggered to perform uplink location reference signal transmission when certain conditions are present.

[0078] In one example, dedicated time and frequency resources may exist for uplink positioning reference signal transmission (e.g., specific symbols / slots, bandwidth, frequency bands, etc.). In some implementations, UE 110 may use maximum transmit power to transmit the uplink positioning reference signal. Therefore, after triggering UE 110 to transmit the uplink positioning reference signal, UE 110 knows the time and frequency resources used for uplink positioning reference signal transmission without receiving any explicit resource allocation information.

[0079] In another example, the network can configure time and frequency resources for UE 110 to be used for uplink positioning reference signal transmission. Therefore, after triggering UE 110 to transmit the uplink positioning reference signal, UE 110 uses the time and frequency resources allocated to UE 110 by the network for uplink positioning reference signal transmission.

[0080] Return to Figure 5In scenario 500, UE 510 is assumed to have ATG capability and / or satellite-based NTN capability. However, UE 510 cannot retrieve UE location information from other internal mechanisms (e.g., GPS), nor can it collect measurement data from the ATG network or the satellite-based NTN network. In this scenario, UE 510 can establish a direct connection with another UE (e.g., UE 110, etc.) on the same aircraft 505. For example, UE 510 and UE 110 can establish a short-range connection (e.g., Bluetooth, etc.) or a sidelink connection. UE 510 can request GPS location information and / or measurement data from UE 110, receive the GPS location information and / or measurement data from UE 110 via the direct connection, and then report the GPS location information and / or measurement data to ATC 525 in the air via the ATG or satellite-based NTN cell.

[0081] Return to Figure 5 In scenario 500, UE 510 is assumed to have ATG capability and / or satellite-based NTN capability. However, UE 510 is unable to transmit uplink positioning reference signals. In this scenario, UE 510 can establish a direct connection with another UE (e.g., UE 110, etc.) on the same aircraft 505. For example, UE 510 and UE 110 can establish a short-range connection (e.g., Bluetooth, etc.) or a sidelink connection. UE 510 can request UE 110 to transmit uplink positioning reference signals to enable ATC 525 to locate aircraft 525.

[0082] In some implementations, UE 510 may receive uplink positioning reference signal configuration information (e.g., time and frequency resources) from the network and provide this information to UE 110 via a sidelink / short-range connection. UE 110 may use the uplink positioning reference signal configuration provided by UE 510 to perform uplink positioning reference signal transmission. In other implementations, UE 110 may use dedicated time and frequency resources to perform uplink positioning reference signal transmission.

[0083] In some cases, in addition to UEs 110 and 510, there may be multiple additional UEs on aircraft 505. In such scenarios, UE 510 may request all available UEs on aircraft 505 to transmit the same uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., transmit diversity gain). The request can be transmitted via a sidelink using a short-range communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth) or any other suitable signaling mechanism. Other UEs may use a dedicated uplink positioning reference signal configuration or may use the uplink positioning reference signal configuration provided by UE 510.

[0084] Some of the examples described above involve collecting and reporting UE location information from multiple UEs deployed in the same location (e.g., aircraft 605). Exemplary implementations described below include additional techniques for collecting and reporting location information from a group of UEs. It is recognized that when multiple UEs are clustered in an area (e.g., an aircraft, train, car, building, field, etc.), group location information can be used instead of individual UE location information to minimize signaling overhead and improve location accuracy. In the exemplary implementations described below, the UEs in the group can connect to each other using wireless communication links (e.g., short-range communication protocols, sidelinks, etc.).

[0085] Figure 8 Scenario 800 is illustrated according to various exemplary embodiments. Scenario 800 includes a group of UEs, comprising UE 110 and UEs 802-808. This group of UEs may be deployed in the general vicinity of each other (e.g., in an airplane, train, car, building, field, etc.). Additionally, scenario 800 illustrates a gNB 810 that can support ATG communication and / or satellite-based NTN.

[0086] UE 110 may have connections to one or more other UEs in the group (e.g., UEs 802-808). The connection may be a sidelink connection, a short-range connection (e.g., Bluetooth, BLE, etc.), or any other suitable type of wireless connection.

[0087] Depending on several aspects, the network and / or UEs may use the following types of criteria to assign UEs to the same group. In one example, a set of UEs associated with a sidelink reference signal received power (RSRP) above a threshold may be assigned to the same group. In another example, a set of UEs connected to the same service set ID (SSID) (e.g., WLAN, WiFi, etc.) may be assigned to the same group. However, exemplary implementations are not limited to the examples provided above, and any appropriate parameters, identifiers, and / or conditions may be used to form a group of UEs. In this example, it is assumed that UE 110 and UEs 802-808 meet any appropriate type of criterion and are considered as a group of UEs.

[0088] One or more UEs in a group can report group information to the network. For example, UE 110 can report other UE IDs to the network to indicate which UEs are in the group containing UE 110. In another example, UE 110 can report sidelink RSRP and other UE IDs to the network to indicate which UEs are in the group containing UE 110. In yet another example, the one or more UEs can report the SSID of a WLAN connection. The network can determine that UEs reporting the same SSID are in the same group. However, the exemplary implementation is not limited to the examples provided above, and any appropriate parameters, identifiers, and / or conditions can be used to identify a group of UEs.

[0089] Figure 9 A method 900 for collecting UE group location information is illustrated according to various exemplary embodiments. Figure 8 The context description method for scenario 800 is 900.

[0090] In 905, a group of UEs is formed. As described above, a UE in the network and / or UEs can be assigned to the same group based on any suitable type of parameters, identifiers, and / or conditions. For example, UE 110 can form a group with UEs 802-808 because UEs 802-808 have a sidelink RSRP above a threshold. In another example, the NTN and / or 5G network can form a group including UEs 110 and 802-808 because each of these UEs is connected to the same SSID. However, the exemplary implementation is not limited to the examples provided above, and one or more UEs and / or the network can form a group of UEs on any suitable basis.

[0091] In step 910, the network triggers a group location measurement or transmission. In step 915, the group may collect UE location information or perform an uplink location reference signal transmission. In some examples, gNB 802 may communicate with at least one UE in the group (e.g., UE110). This at least one UE can then communicate with other UEs in the same group via a sidelink, short-range communication link, or any other suitable radio connection. Throughout this specification, a UE configured to relay signals and / or information between the network and other UEs in the same group may be referred to as a "reference UE." However, the term "reference UE" is provided for illustrative purposes only. Different entities may refer to similar concepts using different names.

[0092] For group positioning measurements, one or more UEs within the same group can collect measurement data based on downlink positioning reference signals. Since different UEs within the same group can detect different anchor points (e.g., satellites, TRPs, cells, etc.), the number of anchor points observed by the group can increase compared to the number of anchor points observed by a single UE. Increasing the number of anchor points improves positioning accuracy.

[0093] In one example, the network can trigger group location measurements via a reference UE. For instance, gNB 802 may send a signal to UE 110, or predetermined conditions may occur that trigger UE 110 to request other UEs in the same group to collect measurement data from an ATG cell, a satellite-based NTN cell, or any other suitable type of cell. The other UEs in the group can then report the measurement data to UE 110, and UE 110 can then provide the group measurement data to the network via gNB 802.

[0094] For group positioning transmission, one or more UEs in the same group can simultaneously perform uplink positioning reference signal transmission using the same positioning reference signal sequence. Using the group method for uplink positioning reference signal transmission provides transmitter diversity gain.

[0095] In another example, the network can trigger group positioning transmission via a reference UE. For instance, gNB 802 may send a signal to UE 110, or predetermined conditions may occur that trigger UE 110 to request other UEs to transmit uplink positioning reference signals to ATG cells, satellite-based NTN cells, or any other suitable type of cell. Additionally, UE 110 may request other UEs 802-808 to synchronize their timing for uplink positioning reference signal transmission and / or use synchronized time and frequency resources. Other UEs in the group can then perform uplink positioning reference signal transmission in response to the reference UE's request.

[0096] Instead of using a reference UE, the network can individually trigger each UE in the same group for location measurements or transmissions. For example, gNB 802 may send a signal to each of UEs 110, 802-808, or predetermined conditions may occur that trigger UEs 110, 802-808 to collect measurement data from an ATG cell, a satellite-based NTN cell, or any other suitable type of cell. In some implementations, UEs 110, 802-808 may each report measurement data to the serving cell individually. In other implementations, a subset of UEs may use sidelink and / or short-range communication between members of the group to aggregate measurement data collected by other UEs in the group and report that measurement data on behalf of the group. Therefore, even if each UE is triggered individually, not every UE in the group is required to report its measurement data directly to the network. In another example, gNB 802 may send a signal to each of UEs 110, 802-808, or a predetermined condition may occur that triggers UEs 110, 802-808 to perform uplink positioning reference signal transmission.

[0097] A group of UEs may include one or more UEs supporting ATG and / or satellite-based NTN, and one or more UEs not supporting ATG or satellite-based NTN and / or outside cellular coverage. In such scenarios, the network can trigger actions. For example, in some cases, UE 110 may have a sidelink or short-range connection to one or more UEs that do not support ATG or satellite-based NTN. The network can trigger UE 110 to report group location information and / or location measurement data. Therefore, UE 110 may request other UEs in the same group to provide UE-based location information and / or perform measurements on downlink location reference signals. Other UEs can then report this information to UE 110 via a sidelink or short-range connection. UE 110 can then report the group location information to the network via its ATG or satellite-based NTN connection.

[0098] Figure 10 Example 1000, illustrating the reporting of UE location information according to various exemplary embodiments, is shown. Example 1000 includes UE 110, UE 1005, and satellite 1010. UE 110 supports satellite-based NTN and is configured to communicate with the network via satellite 1010. UE 1010 has access to its own UE-based location information and / or is capable of performing downlink location measurements, but UE 1010 is outside cellular coverage. In Example 1000, UE 1005 may provide location information to UE 110, and UE 110 may relay the location information of UE 110 and UE 1005 via satellite 1010.

[0099] Example

[0100] In a first embodiment, the processor of the user equipment (UE) is configured to perform operations including: reporting group information indicating that the UE is part of a group of UEs, the group of UEs including at least the UE and a second UE; collecting UE location information, the UE location information including information associated with at least the UE; and reporting the UE location information to a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0101] In the second embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, each UE in the group is associated with a sidelink parameter that meets a threshold.

[0102] In the third embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, the group information includes the same service set ID (SSID) of the network connection.

[0103] In the fourth embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, the group information includes the UE ID of each UE in the group.

[0104] In the fifth embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, the group information includes the sidelink reference signal received power (RSRP) and UE ID of each UE in the group.

[0105] In the sixth embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, the UE positioning information further includes information associated with the second UE.

[0106] In the seventh embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, each UE in the group reports UE location information.

[0107] In the eighth embodiment, according to the processor of the first embodiment, the UE positioning information includes measurement data from each UE in the group, which is derived based on the downlink positioning reference signal.

[0108] In the ninth embodiment, the processor according to the first embodiment is used, wherein the second UE is outside the cellular coverage area.

[0109] In the tenth embodiment, the processor according to the ninth embodiment is used, wherein the second UE does not have satellite-based NTN capability.

[0110] In the eleventh embodiment, the processor according to the ninth embodiment is used, wherein the second UE has no air-to-ground (ATG) capability.

[0111] In the twelfth embodiment, the processor of the user equipment (UE) is configured to perform operations including: reporting group information indicating that the UE is part of a group of UEs, the group of UEs including at least the UE and a second UE; and transmitting an uplink positioning reference signal to a cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0112] In the thirteenth embodiment, the processor according to the twelfth embodiment is used, wherein each UE in the group is associated with a sidelink parameter that satisfies a threshold.

[0113] In the fourteenth embodiment, the processor according to the twelfth embodiment includes the same service set ID (SSID) of the network connection.

[0114] In the fifteenth embodiment, the processor according to the twelfth embodiment is used, wherein the group information includes the UE ID of each UE in the group.

[0115] In the sixteenth embodiment, the processor according to the twelfth embodiment is used, wherein the group information includes the sidelink reference signal received power (RSRP) and UE ID of each UE in the group.

[0116] In the seventeenth embodiment, the processor according to the twelfth embodiment is used, wherein each UE in the group of UEs transmits an uplink positioning reference signal to the NTN.

[0117] In the eighteenth embodiment, the processor according to the seventeenth embodiment is used, wherein each UE in the group of UEs uses the same reference signal sequence for uplink positioning reference signals.

[0118] In the nineteenth embodiment, the processor according to the seventeenth embodiment is used, wherein each UE in the group of UEs transmits an uplink positioning reference signal with the same time and frequency resources.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary embodiments described above can be implemented with any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. Exemplary hardware platforms for implementing the exemplary embodiments may include, for example, Intel x86-based platforms with compatible operating systems, Windows OS, Mac platforms and MAC OS, and mobile devices with operating systems such as iOS, Android, etc. Exemplary embodiments of the methods described above may be embodied as programs comprising lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which, at compile time, can be executed on a processor or microprocessor.

[0120] Although this patent application describes various combinations of various embodiments, each with different features, those skilled in the art will understand that any feature of an embodiment can be combined with features of other embodiments or features that are not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation or function of the device of the disclosed embodiment of the invention in any manner not explicitly denied.

[0121] As described above, one aspect of this technology is the collection and use of data from specific and lawful sources. This disclosure envisions that, in some instances, the collected data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to identify a specific person. Such personal information data may include location data, location information, online identifiers, UE identifiers, SSIDs, telephone numbers, email addresses, home addresses, data or records related to a user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital sign measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other personal information.

[0122] This disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data in the techniques of this invention can benefit a user. For example, UE location information can be used to locate an aircraft when it is in radio silence. This disclosure contemplates that entities responsible for collecting, analyzing, disclosing, transmitting, storing, or otherwise using such personal information data will comply with established privacy policies and / or privacy practices.

[0123] Specifically, such entities are expected to implement and consistently apply privacy practices generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for protecting user privacy. Such information regarding the use of personal data should be highlighted and easily accessible to users, and should be updated as data collection and / or use changes. Users' personal information should be collected only for lawful use. Furthermore, such collection / sharing should only occur after receiving user consent or other lawful grounds as provided in applicable law. In addition, such entities should consider taking any necessary steps to protect and safeguard access to such personal data and ensure that others with access to personal data comply with their privacy policies and processes. Additionally, such entities may be subject to third-party assessments to demonstrate their compliance with widely accepted privacy policies and practices. Furthermore, policies and practices should be tailored to the specific types of personal data collected and / or accessed, and made applicable to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations that may allow for the application of higher standards. For example, in the United States, the collection or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); while health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly.

[0124] Regardless of the foregoing, this disclosure also anticipates implementation schemes for users to selectively block the use or access to personal information data. That is, this disclosure anticipates providing hardware and / or software components to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, UE location information may be anonymous and may only be stored in the location server for a limited time.

[0125] The purpose of this disclosure is to manage and process personal information data to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. In addition to the examples provided above, risks can be minimized by limiting data collection and deleting data once it is no longer needed. Data deidentification can be used to protect user privacy when applicable. Deidentification can be facilitated, where appropriate, by removing identifiers, controlling the granularity or specificity of stored data, controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data among users), and / or other methods such as differentiated privacy.

[0126] Therefore, while this disclosure broadly covers the use of personal information data to implement one or more of the various disclosed embodiments, it is also contemplated that various embodiments can be implemented without access to such personal information data. That is, various embodiments of the present invention will not be unable to function properly due to the absence of all or part of such personal information data.

[0127] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to this disclosure without departing from its spirit or scope. Therefore, this disclosure is intended to cover all modifications and variations thereof, provided that such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A processor for a user equipment (UE), the processor being configured to perform operations including: Collect UE location information configured to indicate the location of the UE, wherein the UE is deployed on an aircraft; Report the UE location information to cells in the non-terrestrial network (NTN); as well as An uplink positioning reference signal is generated for transmission to the cell of the NTN, wherein a group of UEs, including at least the UE and the second UE, transmit the uplink positioning reference signal using the same time and frequency resources.

2. The processor of claim 1, wherein the cell is a satellite-based NTN cell, and wherein the UE is triggered to report the UE location information to locate the aircraft.

3. The processor of claim 1, wherein the cell is an air-to-ground (ATG) cell, and wherein the UE is triggered to report the UE location information to locate the aircraft.

4. The processor of claim 1, wherein the UE positioning information includes UE-based location information derived from the UE's internal Global Positioning System (GPS).

5. The processor of claim 1, wherein the UE positioning information includes measurement data derived based on downlink positioning reference signals.

6. The processor of claim 5, wherein the downlink positioning reference signal is transmitted by one or more satellite-based NTN cells of a fifth-generation (5G) network.

7. The processor of claim 5, wherein the downlink positioning reference signal is transmitted by one or more air-to-ground (ATG) cells of a fifth-generation (5G) network.

8. The processor according to claim 1, wherein the operation further comprises: A communication link is established to a second UE, wherein the UE positioning information includes measurement data received from the second UE via the communication link, the measurement data being derived based on a downlink positioning reference signal.

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