An automated system for safety monitoring of high arch dams during construction and its establishment method

Abstract

The present invention provides an automated safety monitoring system for a high arch dam during construction and an establishment method thereof. The system comprises: a dam heel stress detection module, a dam body inverted deformation detection module, a monitoring central station, a wireless transmission base station, a warehouse surface sensor detection automated module and a corridor monitoring automated module. The present invention will realize large-scale, full-process automated collection and real-time online analysis in the dam site area, comprehensively grasp the characteristics including deformation of the dam and dam foundation, seepage, temperature, stress strain, dam foundation excavation rebound deformation, dam body dumping deformation, etc., assist in safety simulation of dam engineering construction, monitor engineering risks, guide dam construction, water storage and operation, and avoid harmful cracks and deformation instability in the dam body and foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower construction, and in particular to an automated system for safety monitoring of a high arch dam during construction and an establishment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Usually, the dam safety monitoring automation system is implemented after the main body of the project is completed, and it is rare to achieve comprehensive automated monitoring during the construction period. In the traditional construction process, manual observation and regular sensor detection are usually used to monitor the safety of the dam during the construction period. Due to the timeliness of information collection, it is bound to lead to the inability to guide construction and safety precautions in a timely manner. At the same time, the complex and changeable construction site also makes considerable requirements for manual detection, and it is impossible to ensure the continuity of information collection, eliminate the errors of manual detection, and it is difficult to take into account the construction progress and safety detection. Minor errors during the construction period may affect the entire dam as a whole, and even bury serious safety hazards. Therefore, based on the shortcomings of traditional detection, with the huge scale of China's water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in recent years, there is an urgent need for an automated method and system for safety monitoring during the construction period, which can fully perceive the relevant information of dam engineering risks, realize the overall automatic detection, information aggregation, overall regulation, and dynamic control of risk events and development processes during dam construction, do a good job of quality control and risk avoidance, and provide strong guidance and guarantee for the dam construction process. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automated safety monitoring system for a high arch dam during construction and an establishment method. The present invention will realize large-scale, full-process automated data collection and real-time online analysis in the dam site area, comprehensively grasp the characteristics including deformation of the dam and its foundation, seepage, temperature, stress-strain, rebound deformation of the dam foundation excavation, and collapse deformation of the dam body, assist in the safety simulation of dam engineering construction, monitor engineering risks, guide dam construction, water storage and operation, and avoid harmful cracks and deformation instability in the dam body and foundation.

[0004] In order to realize the above technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a high arch dam construction period safety monitoring automation system, which includes: a dam heel stress detection module, a dam body inverted deformation detection module, a monitoring center station, a wireless transmission base station, a warehouse surface sensor detection automation module and a corridor monitoring automation module;

[0005] The dam heel stress detection module and the dam body inverted deformation detection module are special detections set up through the safety construction information required during the dam construction period. The compression stress gauge, strain gauge, stress-free gauge, multi-point displacement gauge, inclinometer and wireless intelligent data collector are used to realize the dam heel stress and inverted deformation detection during the construction period.

[0006] The monitoring central station is provided with a network exchange server;

[0007] The wireless transmission base station establishes wireless communication with the dispersedly arranged wireless intelligent collectors and transmits the collected data to the monitoring central station;

[0008] Among them, sensors in areas that cannot be reached by cables transmit data to the monitoring center station through wireless gateways and 4G networks; the automation data of monitoring instruments where cables have been introduced into the corridor are transmitted to the monitoring center station using optical fiber communication;

[0009] The automatic detection module of the warehouse surface sensor includes a warehouse surface sensor in the section where the line is not pulled during the construction period, which uses low-power wide area network technology with the help of a wireless intelligent collector to transmit data through wireless communication. During the construction process, the warehouse surface sensor cable is pulled to the observation station part, and the warehouse surface sensor cable is directly connected to the automatic data collection unit of the monitoring center station;

[0010] The corridor detection automation module utilizes corridor optical fiber and router to realize communication with the monitoring central station.

[0011] The stress detection of dam heel during construction period should include the temperature and strain of each point without stress gauge characteristic value. The detection should be correlated with the time temperature to reflect the linear expansion coefficient and negative correlation coefficient.

[0012] The test results of the special monitoring inclinometer for inverted deformation during the construction period should be related to time, temperature and specific installation location, and the extreme value of the inclination change should be depicted, and the value should be accurate to 0.01º.

[0013] The sensor installation position should be such that a pair of stress gauges are buried at an elevation of 2.5m from the upstream surface, with one gauge maintaining the same temperature as the surrounding concrete but absolute humidity conditions, and the other maintaining the same temperature and humidity conditions as the surrounding concrete. The horizontal spacing between the two is 1m. The specific position should be adjusted according to the construction progress to ensure that the impact of the adjusted position on the test results can be corrected.

[0014] The monitoring center station needs to include: tower server, microcomputer workstation, portable computer, network switch, multi-function printer, server and hard disk space sufficient to meet storage requirements.

[0015] Wireless transmission base stations should be built on the left and right banks, including two wireless transmission base stations, which contain wireless gateways that use network cards to realize data transmission between servers and are equipped with solar panels and batteries. The network signal can connect to the monitoring center station and transmit data back to the server in real time.

[0016] The specific area division of the warehouse surface sensor detection automation module and the corridor monitoring automation module should be based on the condition that the cables are not connected during the construction period. The area where there is no wired transmission condition is the area of ​​the warehouse surface sensor detection automation module, and the area where there is cable introduction condition is the area of ​​the corridor monitoring automation module.

[0017] The corridor detection automation module uses local power supply.

[0018] A method for establishing an automated safety monitoring system for a high arch dam during construction, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Arrangement and installation of dam heel stress detection module:

[0020] Using buried strain gauges, thermometers are arranged at 20m intervals in the arch crown beam dam area. Adjustments are made according to the construction period. A pair of stress-free gauges are buried at 1.0m, 2.5m and 5.0m on the upstream surface. One of them is at the same temperature as the surrounding concrete but maintains absolute humidity conditions, and the other is at the same temperature and humidity conditions as the surrounding concrete. The horizontal distance between the two is 1m.

[0021] Step 2: Arrangement and installation of the dam body inverted deformation detection module:

[0022] During the construction period, bidirectional high-precision inclinometers were arranged in the arch-crowned beam dam section. The inclinometers were dual-axis and resistant to water pressure of 2MPa. They were installed at 20m intervals in the arch-crowned beam dam area and adjusted accordingly according to the on-site construction conditions, so that the influence of the adjusted position on the test results could be corrected. The inclinometers at the dam elevations of 744m, 762m, 798m, 816m, and 834m were installed inside the concrete, and the others were installed on the downstream sidewalls of the elevator shaft walkway at the corresponding elevations.

[0023] Step 3: Construction of monitoring center station:

[0024] The monitoring center station includes a tower server, two microcomputer workstations, a portable computer, and a network switch. The database software is SQL Server 2012 Chinese Standard Edition, and the network switch server is installed with data acquisition control software BGKLogger;

[0025] Step 4: Establishment of wireless transmission base station:

[0026] Wireless transmission base stations are established on the left and right banks respectively. They should be located at the exit of the left bank dam downstream cave and the outlet field on the right bank upstream of the dam. Each wireless transmission base station is equipped with batteries and solar panels to meet the power demand. Each of the two wireless transmission base stations is equipped with a wireless gateway to realize data transmission with the server through the internal network card of China Unicom. After configuration and debugging, the network signal can be connected with the server, and the data is transmitted back to the server in real time.

[0027] Step 5: Automated detection of warehouse surface sensors:

[0028] The automatic detection of the warehouse surface sensor is mainly used for the automatic data collection of monitoring instruments whose cables are still on the warehouse surface and have not yet been introduced into the corridor during the dam concrete pouring process; the wireless monitoring data collection network is composed of multiple dispersed Kikon GL2 wireless intelligent data collectors and two Kikon GL2-G wireless gateways installed on the shoulders of the dam on both sides. The wireless gateway data is uploaded to the database server in the office building of the Ministry of Construction through the China Unicom 4G private network;

[0029] Step 6: Automated corridor detection:

[0030] Corridor detection automation is used for automated data collection of monitoring instruments where cables have been introduced into corridors. Permanent intelligent monitoring stations in corridors are powered on-site. Each monitoring station in the same corridor uses BGK-Micro-48 and a server connected to CCD, which are networked through an Ethernet switch. Each monitoring station is interconnected through network cables. Each corridor on each floor communicates through optical cables and optical fiber switches. If there is an optical cable connection between the corridor and the monitoring center station, the optical fiber switch is used to directly connect the signal through the optical cable. If there is no direct optical cable connection, a 4G router is connected to the optical fiber switch at the corridor entrance to access the Ministry of Construction's monitoring center station through China Unicom's 4G private network.

[0031] The corresponding altitudes of the thermometers are 739m, 770m, 800m, 830m, 860m, ​​920m, and 960m;

[0032] The steel string instrument strain gauge and BGK-6705-2 electrolyte dual-axis inclinometer for special monitoring of dam heel stress and inverted deformation are connected to automation through wireless gateways using wireless intelligent data acquisition instruments, differential resistance BGK-GL2-DR-6, steel string BGK-GL2-VW-6 and BGK-GL2-MM.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention will realize large-scale, full-process automated data collection and real-time online analysis in the dam site area, comprehensively grasp the characteristics including deformation of the dam and dam foundation, seepage, temperature, stress-strain, dam foundation excavation rebound deformation, dam body dumping deformation, etc., assist in the safety simulation of dam engineering construction, monitor engineering risks, guide dam construction, water storage and operation, and avoid harmful cracks and deformation instability in the dam body and foundation.

[0035] 2. Collection of key information during the dam construction period and its automated detection Set up detection areas and arrange sensors. Divide the conditions for cables according to the progress of the construction site. Use cable fiber optic communication and wireless network communication to achieve information detection. Automated collection is achieved by directly connecting to the automated data collection unit and the wireless intelligent collection system, and ultimately the monitoring of the collection is automated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of the dam heel stress detection module in step 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a layout diagram of the dam body inverted deformation detection module in step 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a system diagram of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a data flow diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] Reference Figure 1-4A high arch dam construction period safety monitoring automation system, which includes: a dam heel stress detection module, a dam body inverted deformation detection module, a monitoring center station, a wireless transmission base station, a warehouse surface sensor detection automation module and a corridor monitoring automation module; the dam heel stress detection module and the dam body inverted deformation detection module are special detections set up through the safety construction information required during the dam construction period, and use pressure stress gauges, strain gauges, stress-free gauges, multi-point displacement gauges, inclinometers and wireless intelligent collectors to realize the dam heel stress and inverted deformation detection during the construction period; the monitoring center station is equipped with a network exchange server; the wireless transmission base station establishes wireless communication with the dispersed wireless intelligent collectors and transmits the collected data to the monitoring center station. Central station; where, for sensors in areas that cannot be reached by cables, data is transmitted to the monitoring central station through wireless gateways and 4G networks; for the automated data of monitoring instruments where cables have been introduced into corridors, optical fiber communication is used to transmit data to the monitoring central station; the automated detection module of the warehouse surface sensor includes warehouse surface sensors in sections where the line is not pulled during the construction period, which transmit data by wireless communication with the help of wireless intelligent collectors using low-power wide area network technology. During the construction process, the warehouse surface sensor cable is pulled to the observation station part, and the warehouse surface sensor cable is directly connected to the automated data acquisition unit of the monitoring central station; the corridor detection automation module uses corridor optical fiber and routers to achieve communication with the monitoring central station. By adopting the above system, large-scale, full-process automated collection and real-time online analysis can be achieved in the dam site area, and the deformation, seepage, temperature, stress and strain of the dam and dam foundation, rebound deformation of the dam foundation excavation, and collapse deformation of the dam body can be fully grasped, assisting in the safety simulation of dam construction, monitoring engineering risks, guiding dam construction, water storage and operation, and avoiding harmful cracks and deformation instability in the dam body and foundation.

[0044] Furthermore, the stress detection of the dam heel during the construction period should include the temperature and strain of each point without the characteristic value of the stress gauge, and the detection should be related to the time temperature to reflect the linear expansion coefficient and the negative correlation coefficient. The above-mentioned dam heel stress detection can be used to detect the stress of the dam during the construction period.

[0045] Furthermore, the detection results of the special monitoring inclinometer for inverted deformation during the construction period should be related to time, temperature and specific installation location, and the extreme value of the inclination change should be depicted, and the value should be accurate to 0.01º. The above-mentioned inverted deformation detection can realize the deformation detection of the dam during the construction period, thereby effectively preventing the deformation of the dam.

[0046] Furthermore, the sensor installation position should be such that a pair of stress gauges are buried at an elevation of 2.5m from the upstream surface, with one gauge maintaining the same temperature as the surrounding concrete but absolute humidity conditions, and the other maintaining the same temperature and humidity conditions as the surrounding concrete. The horizontal spacing between the two is 1m. The specific position should be adjusted according to the construction progress to ensure that the impact of the adjusted position on the test results can be corrected.

[0047] Furthermore, the monitoring center station needs to include: a tower server, a microcomputer workstation, a portable computer, a network switch, an all-in-one printer, a server, and a hard disk space sufficient to meet storage requirements.

[0048] Furthermore, wireless transmission base stations should be built on the left and right banks, including two wireless transmission base stations, which contain wireless gateways that use network cards to realize data transmission with the server and are equipped with solar panels and batteries. The network signal can communicate with the monitoring center station and transmit data back to the server in real time.

[0049] Furthermore, the specific area division of the warehouse surface sensor detection automation module and the corridor monitoring automation module should be divided according to the condition that the cables are not connected during the construction period. The area where there is no wired transmission condition is the area of ​​the warehouse surface sensor detection automation module, and the area where there is a cable introduction condition is the area of ​​the corridor monitoring automation module.

[0050] Furthermore, the corridor detection automation module adopts on-site power supply.

[0051] Embodiment 2:

[0052] A method for establishing an automated safety monitoring system for a high arch dam during construction, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Arrangement and installation of dam heel stress detection module:

[0054] Using buried strain gauges, thermometers are arranged at 20m intervals in the arch crown beam dam area, and adjustments are made according to the construction period. The corresponding elevations of the thermometers are 739m, 770m, 800m, 830m, 860m, ​​920m, and 960m. A pair of stress-free gauges are buried at 1.0m, 2.5m, and 5.0m on the upstream surface. One of them is at the same temperature as the surrounding concrete but maintains absolute humidity conditions, and the other is at the same temperature and humidity conditions as the surrounding concrete. The horizontal distance between the two is 1m. For specific detection arrangements, see the attached Figure 1 .

[0055] Step 2: Arrangement and installation of the dam body inverted deformation detection module:

[0056] During the construction period, bidirectional high-precision inclinometers were arranged in the arch-crowned beam dam section. The inclinometers were biaxial and resistant to water pressure of 2MPa. They were installed at 20m intervals in the arch-crowned beam dam area and adjusted accordingly according to the on-site construction conditions, so that the influence of the adjusted position on the test results could be corrected. The inclinometers at the dam elevations of 744m, 762m, 798m, 816m and 834m were installed inside the concrete, and the others were installed on the downstream sidewalls of the elevator shaft walkway at the corresponding elevations. The layout diagram is attached. Figure 2 .

[0057] Step 3: Construction of monitoring center station:

[0058] The monitoring center station includes a tower server, two microcomputer workstations, a portable computer, and a network switch. The database software is SQL Server 2012 Chinese Standard Edition. The network switch server is installed with data acquisition control software BGKLogger; see the data flow diagram Figure 4 .

[0059] Step 4: Establishment of wireless transmission base station:

[0060] Wireless transmission base stations are established on the left and right banks respectively. They should be located at the exit of the left bank dam downstream cave and the outlet field on the right bank upstream of the dam. Each wireless transmission base station is equipped with batteries and solar panels to meet the power demand. Each of the two wireless transmission base stations is equipped with a wireless gateway to realize data transmission with the server through the internal network card of China Unicom. After configuration and debugging, the network signal can be connected with the server, and the data is transmitted back to the server in real time.

[0061] Step 5: Automated detection of warehouse surface sensors:

[0062] The automatic detection of the warehouse surface sensor is mainly used for the automatic data collection of monitoring instruments whose cables are still on the warehouse surface and have not yet been introduced into the corridor during the dam concrete pouring process; a wireless monitoring data collection network is composed of multiple dispersed Kikon GL2 wireless intelligent data collectors and two Kikon GL2-G wireless gateways installed on the shoulders of the dam on both sides. The wireless gateway data is uploaded to the database server in the office building of the Ministry of Construction through the China Unicom 4G private network; the specific process is shown in Figure 4 .

[0063] Step 6: Automated corridor detection:

[0064] The corridor detection automation is used for the automatic data collection of the monitoring instruments whose cables have been introduced into the corridor. The permanent intelligent monitoring stations in the corridor are powered on site. Each monitoring station in the corridor on the same floor uses BGK-Micro-48 and a server connected to CCD (Charge-coupled Device). The network is formed through an Ethernet switch, and the monitoring stations are interconnected through network cables. The corridors on each floor communicate with each other through optical cables and optical fiber switches. If there is an optical cable connection between the corridor and the monitoring center station, the optical fiber switch is used to directly connect the signal through the optical cable. If there is no direct optical cable connection, the 4G router is connected to the optical fiber switch at the corridor entrance and connected to the Ministry of Construction's monitoring center station through China Unicom's 4G private network. The system structure is shown below. Figure 3 The monitoring center station automatically collects data from each sensor directly through the network.

[0065] Furthermore, the steel string instrument strain gauge and BGK-6705-2 electrolyte mass dual-axis inclinometer for special monitoring of dam heel stress and inverted deformation are connected to automation through wireless gateways using wireless intelligent data acquisition instruments, differential resistance BGK-GL2-DR-6, steel string BGK-GL2-VW-6 and BGK-GL2-MM respectively.

Claims

1. A method for establishing an automated safety monitoring system for a high arch dam during construction, the automated safety monitoring system for a high arch dam during construction comprising: Dam heel stress detection module, dam body inverted deformation detection module, monitoring center station, wireless transmission base station, warehouse surface sensor detection automation module and corridor monitoring automation module; The dam heel stress detection module and the dam body inverted deformation detection module are special detections set up through the safety construction information required during the dam construction period. The compression stress gauge, strain gauge, stress-free gauge, multi-point displacement gauge, inclinometer and wireless intelligent data collector are used to realize the dam heel stress and inverted deformation detection during the construction period. The monitoring central station is provided with a network exchange server; The wireless transmission base station establishes wireless communication with the dispersedly arranged wireless intelligent collectors and transmits the collected data to the monitoring central station; Among them, sensors in areas that cannot be reached by cables transmit data to the monitoring center station through wireless gateways and 4G networks; the automation data of monitoring instruments where cables have been introduced into the corridor are transmitted to the monitoring center station using optical fiber communication; The automatic detection module of the warehouse surface sensor includes a warehouse surface sensor in the section where the line is not pulled during the construction period, which uses low-power wide area network technology with the help of a wireless intelligent collector to transmit data through wireless communication. During the construction process, the warehouse surface sensor cable is pulled to the observation station part, and the warehouse surface sensor cable is directly connected to the automatic data collection unit of the monitoring center station; The corridor detection automation module uses corridor optical fiber and router to achieve communication with the monitoring center station; The stress test of the dam heel during the construction period should include the temperature and strain of each point without the characteristic value of the stress gauge. The test should be related to the time temperature to reflect the linear expansion coefficient and negative correlation coefficient; The test results of the special monitoring inclinometer for inverted deformation during the construction period should be related to time, temperature and specific installation location, and the extreme value of the inclination change should be depicted, and the value should be accurate to 0.01º; The sensor installation position should be based on a pair of stress gauges buried at a height of 2.5m from the upstream surface, one of which is at the same temperature as the surrounding concrete but maintains absolute humidity conditions, and the other is at the same temperature and humidity conditions as the surrounding concrete. The horizontal distance between the two is 1m. The specific position should be adjusted according to the construction progress to ensure that the influence of the adjusted position on the test results can be corrected; Wireless transmission base stations should be built on the left and right banks, including two wireless transmission base stations, including wireless gateways that use network cards to achieve data transmission with the server, and are equipped with solar panels and batteries. The network signal can communicate with the monitoring center station and transmit data back to the server in real time; The specific area division of the warehouse surface sensor detection automation module and the corridor monitoring automation module should be divided according to the condition that the cables are not connected during the construction period. The area without wired transmission conditions is the area of ​​the warehouse surface sensor detection automation module, and the area with cable introduction conditions is the area of ​​the corridor monitoring automation module; Characterized in that the establishment method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Arrangement and installation of dam heel stress detection module: Using buried strain gauges, thermometers are arranged at 20m intervals in the arch crown beam dam area. Adjustments are made according to the construction period. A pair of stress-free gauges are buried at 1.0m, 2.5m and 5.0m on the upstream surface. One of them is at the same temperature as the surrounding concrete but maintains absolute humidity conditions, and the other is at the same temperature and humidity conditions as the surrounding concrete. The horizontal distance between the two is 1m. Step 2: Arrangement and installation of the dam body inverted deformation detection module: During the construction period, bidirectional high-precision inclinometers were arranged in the arch-crowned beam dam section. The inclinometers were dual-axis and resistant to water pressure of 2MPa. They were installed at 20m intervals in the arch-crowned beam dam area and adjusted accordingly according to the on-site construction conditions, so that the influence of the adjusted position on the test results could be corrected. The inclinometers at the dam elevations of 744m, 762m, 798m, 816m, and 834m were installed inside the concrete, and the others were installed on the downstream sidewalls of the elevator shaft walkway at the corresponding elevations. Step 3: Construction of monitoring center station: The monitoring center station includes a tower server, two microcomputer workstations, a portable computer, and a network switch. The database software is SQL Server 2012 Chinese Standard Edition, and the network switch server is installed with data acquisition control software BGKLogger; Step 4: Establishment of wireless transmission base station: Wireless transmission base stations are established on the left and right banks respectively. They should be located at the exit of the left bank dam downstream cave and the outlet field on the right bank upstream of the dam. Each wireless transmission base station is equipped with batteries and solar panels to meet the power demand. Each of the two wireless transmission base stations is equipped with a wireless gateway to realize data transmission with the server through the internal network card of China Unicom. After configuration and debugging, the network signal can be connected with the server, and the data is transmitted back to the server in real time. Step 5: Automated detection of warehouse surface sensors: The automatic detection of the warehouse surface sensor is mainly used for the automatic data collection of monitoring instruments whose cables are still on the warehouse surface and have not yet been introduced into the corridor during the dam concrete pouring process; the wireless monitoring data collection network is composed of multiple dispersed Kikon GL2 wireless intelligent data collectors and two Kikon GL2-G wireless gateways installed on the shoulders of the dam on both sides. The wireless gateway data is uploaded to the database server in the office building of the Ministry of Construction through the China Unicom 4G private network; Step 6: Automated corridor detection: The corridor detection automation is used for the automated data collection of monitoring instruments where cables have been introduced into the corridor. The permanent intelligent monitoring stations in the corridor are powered on site. Each monitoring station in the corridor on the same floor uses BGK-Micro-48 and a server connected to the CCD, which is networked through an Ethernet switch. Each monitoring station is interconnected through a network cable. The corridors on each floor communicate through optical cables and optical fiber switches. If there is an optical cable connection between the corridor and the monitoring center station, the optical fiber switch is used to directly connect the signal through the optical cable. If there is no direct optical cable connection, the optical fiber switch at the corridor entrance is connected to the Ministry of Construction's monitoring center station through the China Unicom 4G private network via a 4G router. The monitoring center station needs to include: tower server, microcomputer workstation, portable computer, network switch, multi-function printer, server and hard disk space sufficient to meet storage requirements; The corridor detection automation module uses local power supply; The corresponding altitudes of the thermometers are 739m, 770m, 800m, 830m, 860m, ​​920m, and 960m; The steel string instrument strain gauge and BGK-6705-2 electrolyte dual-axis inclinometer for special monitoring of dam heel stress and inverted deformation are connected to automation through wireless gateways using wireless intelligent data acquisition instruments, differential resistance BGK-GL2-DR-6, steel string BGK-GL2-VW-6 and BGK-GL2-MM.

Images