Gas cooled reactor heat transport system
Through innovative design of the neutron reflector and heat transfer components, unnecessary equipment is eliminated, the heat transfer system of the gas-cooled reactor is simplified, the problems of complex structure and high cost are solved, and low-cost and safe and reliable heat transfer is achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUANENG NUCLEAR ENERGY TECH RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-11-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
The heat transfer system of a gas-cooled reactor has a complex structure and high manufacturing costs. In particular, the pressure vessel is too large and expensive due to the installation of radial insulation layers in the reactor core.
The design employs a neutron reflector and heat transfer components, eliminating the main helium blower, hot gas duct, and core radial insulation layer. The neutron reflector is constructed using graphite carbon bricks, and the annular body is filled with helium to reduce the pressure difference in the heat transfer tubes. Insulation layers and pressure relief pipes are installed to control pressure and monitor humidity and temperature.
It simplifies the system structure, reduces manufacturing costs, extends service life, reduces leakage risk, lowers operating pressure and the number of safety-grade devices, and reduces operating costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN115762822B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and more specifically, to a heat transfer system for a gas-cooled reactor. Background Technology
[0002] As an advanced fourth-generation nuclear power reactor technology, the gas-cooled reactor has advantages such as good safety, high efficiency, good economy and wide application. It can replace traditional fossil energy. In nuclear power plants, the heat generated by the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor drives the steam turbine to generate electricity.
[0003] Among related technologies, the heat transfer system of a gas-cooled reactor has a complex structure and high manufacturing cost. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention is based on the inventor's discoveries and understanding of the following facts and problems:
[0005] Regardless of power rating, a gas-cooled reactor consists of a pressure vessel, hot gas ducts, a main helium blower, and a steam generator. Helium gas inside the pressure vessel circulates in conjunction with the hot gas ducts and the main helium blower to remove heat from the pressure vessel reactor. In addition, the pressure vessel is equipped with a core radial insulation layer to prevent heat from the core inside the pressure vessel from being transferred to the pressure vessel, causing the pressure vessel temperature to become too high. However, the installation of the core radial insulation layer results in a larger pressure vessel volume and higher cost.
[0006] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose a cold reactor heat transfer system that is simple in structure and low in cost.
[0007] The cold reactor heat transfer system of this invention includes: a pressure vessel filled with helium; a neutron reflector tank disposed within the pressure vessel and having a chamber, an inlet, and an outlet, the inlet being located at the top of the neutron reflector tank and the outlet at the bottom, the inlet and outlet being connected through the chamber filled with helium, the neutron reflector tank being constructed of graphite carbon bricks and suitable for nuclear fission to generate heat; and a heat transfer assembly including an annular body and heat transfer tubes, the annular body being disposed within the pressure vessel and fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the neutron reflector tank, at least a portion of the heat transfer tubes being disposed within the annular body, the heat transfer tubes being adapted to allow liquid to pass through them so that the liquid within the heat transfer tubes exchanges heat with the neutron reflector tank to vaporize the liquid within the heat transfer tubes into steam, the annular body being filled with helium to reduce the pressure difference between the pressure outside and inside the heat transfer tubes.
[0008] The cold reactor heat transfer system in this embodiment of the invention includes a neutron reflector and heat transfer components, which can reduce the temperature of the reactor inside the neutron reflector. Compared with related technologies, it eliminates equipment such as the main helium blower, hot gas duct, and core radial insulation layer, thereby reducing the construction cost of the cold reactor heat transfer system. It can be widely used in small-power high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
[0009] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system further includes a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer. The first insulation layer is disposed inside the pressure vessel and located at the top of the neutron reflector tank, and the second insulation layer is disposed inside the pressure vessel and located at the bottom of the neutron reflector tank. The first insulation layer has a first through hole that penetrates the first insulation layer along the height direction of the neutron reflector tank and communicates with the feed port. The second insulation layer has a second through hole that penetrates the second insulation layer along the height direction of the neutron reflector tank and communicates with the discharge port.
[0010] In some embodiments, the heat transfer tube includes: a water supply pipe disposed within the annular body and extending circumferentially along the neutron reflector, the water supply pipe being adapted to carry liquid; a plurality of pipes located within the annular body, the plurality of pipes being arranged circumferentially along the neutron reflector, the pipes extending along the height direction of the neutron reflector, the lower end of the pipes communicating with the water supply pipe so that liquid flowing out through the water supply pipe flows into the pipes to purify the liquid; and an exhaust pipe disposed within the annular body and extending circumferentially along the neutron reflector, the upper end of the pipe communicating with the exhaust pipe so that liquid in the pipes vaporizes and flows into the exhaust pipe.
[0011] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system further includes a first pressure relief pipe and a first safety valve. The first pressure relief pipe is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the pressure vessel and communicates with the annular body. The first safety valve is disposed inside the first pressure relief pipe so that when the pressure inside the annular body is too high, the first safety valve opens to release the pressure inside the annular body.
[0012] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system further includes a second pressure relief pipe and a second safety valve. The second pressure relief pipe is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the pressure vessel and communicates with the pressure vessel. The second safety valve is disposed inside the second pressure relief pipe so that when the pressure inside the pressure vessel is too high, the second safety valve opens to release the pressure inside the pressure vessel.
[0013] In some embodiments, the neutron reflector has a first cavity and a second cavity that are in communication with each other, the first cavity being disposed on the second cavity, the cross-sectional area of the first cavity being constant in the height direction of the neutron reflector, and the second cavity gradually decreasing in the direction away from the first cavity.
[0014] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system further includes a humidity monitor disposed within the annular body, so that the humidity monitor can detect the humidity within the annular body to monitor whether water is leaking from the heat transfer tubes.
[0015] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system further includes: a first pressure detector, which is connected to the annular body to detect the pressure inside the annular body; and a second pressure detector, which is connected to the pressure vessel to detect the pressure inside the pressure vessel.
[0016] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system further includes a temperature sensor connected to the pressure vessel to monitor the temperature inside the pressure vessel.
[0017] In some embodiments, the neutron reflector is provided with an airflow channel penetrating the neutron reflector, one end of the airflow channel is connected to the chamber, and the other end of the airflow channel is connected to a pressure vessel, so that when the temperature in the chamber is too high, helium gas in the pressure vessel flows into the pressure vessel. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Sectional view of AA.
[0020] Figure label:
[0021] Gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100;
[0022] Pressure vessel 1;
[0023] Neutron reflector 2; Chamber 21; Inlet 22; Outlet 23;
[0024] Heat transfer component 3; annular body 31; heat transfer tube 32; water supply pipe 321; pipe 322; air outlet pipe 323;
[0025] First insulation layer 4; second insulation layer 5; first pressure relief pipe 6; first safety valve 7; second pressure relief pipe 8; second safety valve 9; humidity monitor 10; first pressure detector 101; second pressure detector 102; temperature detector 103. Detailed Implementation
[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0027] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pressure vessel 1, a neutron reflector 2, and a heat transfer assembly 3.
[0029] Pressure vessel 1 is filled with helium. Specifically, pressure vessel 1 is filled with helium at a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure to prevent outside air from entering pressure vessel 1.
[0030] Neutron reflector 2 is located inside pressure vessel 1 and has a chamber 21, an inlet 22 and an outlet 23. The inlet 22 is located at the top of neutron reflector 2 and the outlet 23 is located at the bottom of neutron reflector 2. The inlet 22 and the outlet 23 are connected through the chamber 21. Neutron reflector 2 is filled with helium gas and is constructed of graphite carbon bricks. The interior of neutron reflector 2 is suitable for nuclear fission to generate heat.
[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, pressure vessel 1 has a first feed inlet 22 at its top and a first discharge outlet 23 at its bottom. Neutron reflector 2 is located inside pressure vessel 1 and is spaced apart from pressure vessel 1 in the inward and outward directions. The feed inlet 22 at the top of neutron reflector 2 communicates with the first feed inlet 22 of pressure vessel 1, allowing materials (e.g., spherical nuclear fuel elements that can be placed at the center of neutron reflector 2, generating heat through nuclear reaction, with numerous fuel elements forming the reactor core) to pass through the first feed inlet 22 of pressure vessel 1 and the first feed outlet 23 of neutron reflector 2. The fuel flows into the chamber 21 of the neutron reflector 2 through the feed inlet 22, allowing the nuclear fuel elements to undergo nuclear fission within the neutron reflector 2 to generate heat. The neutron reflector 2 is primarily constructed of graphite carbon bricks, enabling it to absorb neutrons scattered from the reactor core, reducing the neutron dose received by the reactor components. It also provides support for the nuclear fuel elements to secure the reactor core. Furthermore, the graphite carbon bricks can form channels at the feed outlet of the neutron reflector 2 as needed, providing pathways for control rods and absorber spheres, facilitating control of core reactivity and shutdown. Finally, the neutron reflector 2 provides heat capacity to the reactor core. During accident conditions, when residual heat in the core is not dissipated in time, the graphite carbon bricks of the neutron reflector 2 absorb heat, reducing the rate of core temperature rise. Additionally, the neutron reflector 2 is filled with helium, which, due to its excellent permeability, can be used for cooling the nuclear reactor within the neutron reflector 2.
[0032] The heat transfer assembly 3 includes an annular body 31 and a heat transfer tube 32. The annular body 31 is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the neutron reflector 2. At least a portion of the heat transfer tube 32 is disposed within the annular body 31. The heat transfer tube 32 is adapted to be filled with liquid so that the liquid inside the heat transfer tube 32 can exchange heat with the neutron reflector 2, causing the liquid inside the heat transfer tube 32 to vaporize into steam. Helium gas is provided inside the annular body 31 to reduce the pressure difference between the pressure outside the heat transfer tube 32 and the pressure inside the heat transfer tube 32. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1-2As shown, the annular body 31 is a sealed annular container. The annular body 31 is located inside the pressure vessel 1, and its inner ring is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the neutron reflector 2. The heat transfer tube 32 is fixed inside the annular body 31. Thus, the annular body 31 prevents the heat transfer tube 32, the graphite carbon bricks of the neutron reflector 2, and the nuclear fuel elements from direct contact. In the event of a rupture of the heat transfer tube 32, the leaked liquid or gas will not damage the graphite carbon bricks of the neutron reflector 2 or the nuclear fuel elements, thereby extending the service life of the neutron reflector 2 and ensuring the reactivity of the nuclear fuel elements. For efficiency, the two ends of the heat transfer tube 32 extend out of the annular body 31, and one end of the heat transfer tube 32 can be connected to a liquid (e.g., water, coolant). The liquid exchanges heat with the heat emitted by the neutron reflector 2 through the heat transfer tube 32, causing the coolant to absorb heat and vaporize, and the temperature of the reactor core in the neutron reflector 2 to decrease. In addition, the annular body 31 is filled with helium. During the reactor start-up and shutdown process and during normal operation, the pressure of the helium changes with the temperature. The pressure of the helium in the annular body 31 is roughly the same as the pressure of the liquid and vapor inside the heat transfer tube 32, thereby reducing the pressure difference that the heat transfer tube 32 bears, and thus reducing the leakage and rupture risk of the heat transfer tube 32.
[0033] The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 of this invention includes a neutron reflector 2 and a heat transfer component 3. The heat transfer component 3 reduces the temperature of the nuclear reactor inside the neutron reflector 2. Compared with related technologies, the hot gas duct, main helium blower, and core radial insulation layer can be eliminated, greatly simplifying the configuration of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear steam supply system. Secondly, the arrangement of the annular body 31 and the heat transfer tube 32 can separate the heat transfer tube 32 from the neutron reflector 2, preventing the heat transfer tube 32 from rupturing and damaging the graphite carbon bricks and nuclear fuel elements of the neutron reflector 2, thus improving the service life of the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100. Thirdly, since the annular body 31 is filled with helium, the leakage and rupture risk of the heat transfer tube 32 are reduced, and the safety level of the heat transfer tube 32 can be reduced from nuclear safety level 1 to non-safety level, significantly reducing the number of nuclear safety level devices. Finally, compared with the prior art, the heat transfer component 3 no longer relies on helium for heat transfer and directly absorbs the heat radiated from the neutron reflector 2, so the operating pressure of the pressure vessel 1 is also greatly reduced, thereby reducing the operating cost of the cold reactor heat transfer system.
[0034] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 further includes a first insulation layer 4 and a second insulation layer 5. The first insulation layer 4 is disposed inside the pressure vessel 1 and located at the top of the neutron reflector tank 2. The second insulation layer 5 is disposed inside the pressure vessel 1 and located at the bottom of the neutron reflector tank 2. The first insulation layer 4 has a first through hole that penetrates the first insulation layer 4 along the height direction of the neutron reflector tank 2 and is connected to the feed port 22. The second insulation layer 5 has a second through hole that penetrates the second insulation layer 5 along the height direction of the neutron reflector tank 2 and is connected to the discharge port.
[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first heat insulation layer 4 is disposed inside the pressure vessel 1 and located at the top of the neutron reflector tank 2. The first heat insulation layer 4 has a first through hole that runs through the first heat insulation layer 4 in the vertical direction. The first through hole and the feed inlet 22 of the neutron reflector tank 2 are opposite to each other in the vertical direction and are connected, so that the material flows into the neutron reflector tank 2 through the first through hole and the feed inlet 22 of the neutron reflector tank 2. The second heat insulation layer 5 is disposed at the bottom of the neutron reflector tank 2. The second heat insulation layer 5 runs through the second through hole of the second heat insulation layer 5 in the vertical direction. The second through hole and the discharge port 23 of the neutron reflector tank 2 are opposite to each other in the vertical direction and are connected, so that the slag after nuclear fission flows out of the neutron reflector tank 2 through the discharge port 23 and the second through hole. The arrangement of the first heat insulation layer 4 and the second heat insulation layer 5 prevents the heat of the reactor core in the neutron reflector tank 2 from being transferred to the pressure vessel 1, so as to prevent the pressure vessel 1 from overheating and reducing the service life of the pressure vessel 1.
[0036] In some embodiments, the heat transfer tube 32 includes a water supply pipe 321, a pipe 322, and an exhaust pipe 323.
[0037] A water supply pipe 321 is located within the annular body 31 and extends circumferentially along the neutron reflector tank 2. The water supply pipe 321 is adapted to allow liquid to pass through it. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1-2 As shown, the water supply pipe 321 is annular and located inside the annular body 31. The water supply pipe 321 is sleeved on the inner ring of the annular body 31, and the inlet of the water supply pipe 321 extends out of the annular body 31, so that liquid is delivered to the water supply pipe 321 through the inlet of the water supply pipe 321.
[0038] Multiple pipes 322 are located within the annular body 31. These multiple pipes 322 are arranged circumferentially along the neutron reflector 2, and align with the height of the neutron reflector 2 (e.g., ...). Figure 1 Extending in the vertical direction (as shown), the lower end of pipe 322 is connected to water supply pipe 321 so that liquid flowing out of water supply pipe 321 flows into pipe 322 to allow the liquid to... Specifically, as... Figure 1-2As shown, the pipe 322 extends in the vertical direction, and there are multiple pipes 322. The multiple pipes 322 are arranged sequentially inside the annular body 31 along the circumference of the annular body 31. The lower end of the pipe 322 is the inlet of the pipe 322 and is connected to the water supply pipe 321, so that the liquid in the water supply pipe 321 flows into the pipe 322. The liquid absorbs the heat radiated by the neutron reflector 2 through the pipe 322, thereby cooling the neutron reflector 2.
[0039] The exhaust pipe 323 is located inside the annular body 31 and extends circumferentially along the neutron reflector tank 2. The upper end of the pipe 322 is connected to the exhaust pipe 323 so that the liquid in the pipe 322 vaporizes and flows into the exhaust pipe 323. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1-2 As shown, the vent pipe 323 is annular and located inside the annular body 31. The vent pipe 323 is sleeved on the inner ring of the annular body 31, and the outlet of the vent pipe 323 extends out of the annular body 31. The vent pipe 323 and the water inlet pipe are spaced apart in the vertical direction. The upper end of the pipe 322 is connected to the vent pipe 323, so that the vaporized steam in the pipe 322 flows into the vent pipe 323, and then flows out of the heat transfer pipe 32 through the vent pipe 323 and is delivered to the user to provide heat energy to the user.
[0040] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 further includes a first pressure detector 101 and a second pressure detector 102.
[0041] The first pressure detector 101 is connected to the annular body 31 to detect the pressure inside the annular body 31. Specifically, for example... Figure 1 As shown, the first pressure detector 101 is located outside the pressure vessel 1, and the detection end of the first pressure detector 101 extends into the annular body 31, thereby detecting the pressure of helium gas inside the annular body 31. When the first pressure detector 101 detects that the pressure inside the annular body 31 is lower than the preset value, it indicates that the liquid in the heat transfer tube 32 may leak into the reactor core inside the neutron reflector tank 2. The reactor needs to be shut down and the feedwater cut off to prevent further water leakage. After the maintenance is completed, operation can resume.
[0042] The second pressure detector 102 is connected to the pressure vessel 1 to detect the pressure inside the pressure vessel 1. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1As shown, the second pressure detector 102 is located outside the pressure vessel 1, with its detection end extending into the pressure vessel 1. The second pressure detector 102 detects the pressure inside the pressure vessel 1. When the pressure inside the pressure vessel 1 detected by the second pressure detector is higher than the preset value, it indicates that there is a fault in the heat dissipation of the reactor in the neutron reflector tank 2, and measures need to be taken to ensure that the water supply and steam channels are unobstructed. When the pressure inside the pressure vessel 1 detected by the second pressure detector is lower than the preset value, it indicates that there may be a helium leak inside the pressure vessel 1, and helium needs to be replenished or the cause of the leak needs to be determined.
[0043] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 further includes a first pressure relief pipe 6 and a first safety valve 7. The first pressure relief pipe 6 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the pressure vessel 1 and communicates with the annular body 31. The first safety valve 7 is disposed inside the first pressure relief pipe 6 so that when the pressure inside the annular body 31 is too high, the first safety valve 7 opens to release the pressure inside the annular body 31. Thus, when the first pressure detector 101 detects that the pressure inside the annular body 31 is higher than a preset value, in order to ensure the service life of the annular body 31, the first safety valve 7 opens, thereby releasing the helium gas inside the annular body 31 and preventing damage due to excessive pressure inside the annular body 31.
[0044] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 further includes a second pressure relief pipe 8 and a second safety valve 9. The second pressure relief pipe 8 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the pressure vessel 1 and communicates with the pressure vessel 1. The second safety valve 9 is disposed inside the second pressure relief pipe 8 so that when the pressure inside the pressure vessel 1 is too high, the second safety valve 9 opens to release the pressure inside the pressure vessel 1. Thus, when the second pressure detector detects that the pressure inside the annular body 31 is higher than a preset value, in order to ensure the service life of the pressure vessel 1, the second safety valve 9 opens, thereby releasing the helium gas inside the pressure vessel 1 and preventing damage due to excessive pressure inside the pressure vessel 1.
[0045] In some embodiments, the neutron reflector 2 has a first cavity and a second cavity that are interconnected. The first cavity is disposed on the second cavity. The cross-sectional area of the first cavity is constant in the height direction of the neutron reflector 2, and the second cavity gradually decreases in the direction away from the first cavity. Specifically, as shown in... Figure 1 As shown, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, and the cross-sectional area of the first cavity is constant in the vertical direction. The cross-sectional area of the second cavity gradually decreases from top to bottom. In other words, the second cavity can be conical, so that the slag inside the neutron reflector 2 can be completely discharged outside the neutron reflector 2, preventing the slag from accumulating inside the neutron reflector 2, thus making the design of the neutron reflector 2 more reasonable.
[0046] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 further includes a humidity monitor 10, which is disposed within the annular body 31, so that the humidity monitor 10 can detect the humidity within the annular body 31 to monitor whether water is leaking from the heat transfer tubes 32. Specifically, as Figure 1 As shown, the humidity monitor 10 is located outside the pressure vessel 1 and the detection end of the humidity detector extends into the annular body 31. The humidity detector detects the humidity inside the annular body 31. When the humidity detector detects that the humidity inside the annular body 31 is lower than the preset value, it indicates that the heat transfer tube 32 is leaking and needs to be repaired.
[0047] In some embodiments, the gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system 100 further includes a temperature sensor 103 connected to the pressure vessel 1 to monitor the temperature inside the pressure vessel 1. Specifically, as Figure 1 As shown, the temperature detector 103 is located outside the pressure vessel 1, with its detection end extending into the pressure vessel 1. The temperature detector 103 detects the temperature inside the pressure vessel 1, thereby detecting the core temperature, graphite brick temperature, and the wall temperature of the pressure vessel 1. When the temperature detector 103 detects a temperature greater than a preset value, it indicates a malfunction in the heat extraction from the reactor within the neutron reflector tank 2, requiring measures to ensure unobstructed flow of feedwater and steam. When the temperature detector 103 detects a temperature less than a preset value, it indicates excessive feedwater in the heat transfer tube 32 or insufficient reactor power within the neutron reflector tank 2, requiring verification of the cause.
[0048] In some embodiments, the neutron reflector 2 is provided with an airflow channel (not shown in the figure) penetrating the neutron reflector 2. One end of the airflow channel is connected to the chamber 21, and the other end is connected to the pressure vessel 1, so that when the temperature in the chamber 21 is too high, helium gas in the pressure vessel 1 flows into the pressure vessel 1. Specifically, the outer circumferential surface of the neutron reflector 2 is provided with an airflow channel penetrating the pressure vessel 1 in an inward and outward direction. One end of the airflow channel is connected to the neutron reflector 2, and the other end is connected to the pressure vessel 1. When the temperature in the neutron reflector 2 rises and causes the pressure to be too high, the helium gas in the neutron reflector 2 will flow into the pressure vessel 1 through the airflow channel. Thus, the helium gas in the pressure vessel 1 and the helium gas in the neutron reflector 2 can automatically circulate, which not only reduces the temperature in the neutron reflector 2 but also reduces the pressure in the neutron reflector 2.
[0049] Preferably, the airflow channel can be formed between two adjacent graphite carbon bricks, thus eliminating the need to make structural changes to the graphite carbon bricks and reducing the processing and manufacturing cost of the neutron reflector 2.
[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0051] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0052] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0053] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0054] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0055] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A heat transfer system for a gas-cooled reactor, characterized in that, include: A pressure vessel filled with helium; A neutron reflector is disposed within the pressure vessel and has a chamber, an inlet, and an outlet. The inlet is located at the top of the neutron reflector, and the outlet is located at the bottom of the neutron reflector. The inlet and the outlet are connected through the chamber, which is filled with helium. The neutron reflector is constructed of graphite carbon bricks, and the interior of the neutron reflector is suitable for nuclear fission to generate heat. A heat transfer assembly includes an annular body and a heat transfer tube. The annular body is disposed inside a pressure vessel and sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the neutron reflector. At least a portion of the heat transfer tube is disposed within the annular body. The heat transfer tube is adapted to be filled with liquid so that the liquid inside the heat transfer tube exchanges heat with the neutron reflector to vaporize the liquid inside the heat transfer tube into steam. The annular body is filled with helium gas to reduce the pressure difference between the pressure outside the heat transfer tube and the pressure inside the heat transfer tube. A first heat insulation layer and a second heat insulation layer are provided inside the pressure vessel and located at the top of the neutron reflector tank. The second heat insulation layer is provided inside the pressure vessel and located at the bottom of the neutron reflector tank. The first heat insulation layer has a first through hole that penetrates the first heat insulation layer along the height direction of the neutron reflector tank and is connected to the feed port. The second heat insulation layer has a second through hole that penetrates the second heat insulation layer along the height direction of the neutron reflector tank and is connected to the discharge port. The heat transfer tube includes: a water supply pipe, which is disposed within the annular body and extends circumferentially along the neutron reflector, and is adapted to carry liquid; multiple pipes located within the annular body, which are arranged circumferentially along the neutron reflector and extend along the height of the neutron reflector, with the lower end of the pipe connected to the water supply pipe so that liquid flowing out of the water supply pipe flows into the pipe; and an exhaust pipe, which is disposed within the annular body and extends circumferentially along the neutron reflector, with the upper end of the pipe connected to the exhaust pipe so that liquid in the pipe vaporizes and flows into the exhaust pipe.
2. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first pressure relief pipe and a first safety valve. The first pressure relief pipe is located on the outer circumferential surface of the pressure vessel and communicates with the annular body. The first safety valve is located inside the first pressure relief pipe so that when the pressure inside the annular body is too high, the first safety valve opens to release the pressure inside the annular body.
3. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second pressure relief pipe and a second safety valve. The second pressure relief pipe is located on the outer circumferential surface of the pressure vessel and communicates with the pressure vessel. The second safety valve is located inside the second pressure relief pipe so that when the pressure inside the pressure vessel is too high, the second safety valve opens to release the pressure inside the pressure vessel.
4. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neutron reflector has a first cavity and a second cavity that are interconnected. The first cavity is located on the second cavity. The cross-sectional area of the first cavity is constant in the height direction of the neutron reflector, and the second cavity gradually decreases in the direction away from the first cavity.
5. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a humidity monitor, which is located within the annular body, so that the humidity monitor can detect the humidity within the annular body to monitor whether water is leaking from the heat transfer tube.
6. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first pressure detector is connected to the annular body to detect the pressure within the annular body. A second pressure detector is connected to the pressure vessel to detect the pressure inside the pressure vessel.
7. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sensor connected to the pressure vessel to monitor the temperature inside the pressure vessel.
8. The gas-cooled reactor heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neutron reflector is provided with an airflow channel that runs through the neutron reflector. One end of the airflow channel is connected to the chamber, and the other end of the airflow channel is connected to the pressure vessel, so that when the temperature in the chamber is too high, helium gas in the pressure vessel flows into the pressure vessel.