Techniques for determining a position over a sidelink using multiple antennas

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A first user equipment (UE) can receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) using a set of receive antennas. The first UE can transmit a second PRS using a set of transmit antennas in response to the received first PRS. The first UE can receive, from a second UE, a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE. The first UE can determine a location of the first UE based on the received control message and composite time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 047,649, filed July 2, 2020, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING POSITION OVER SIDELINK USING MULTIPLE ANTENNAS”, and U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 334,146, filed May 28, 2021, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING POSITION OVER SIDELINK USING MULTIPLE ANTENNAS”, each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application. Technical Field

[0003] The following text generally refers to wireless communication, and in particular to techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems can employ various technologies, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication from multiple communication devices, which may also be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

[0005] In some wireless communication systems, wireless devices (e.g., user equipment (UE)) can be configured to determine their own location and / or the location of other wireless devices based on sidelink reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) exchanged with other wireless devices. However, in cases where the UE includes multiple transmit (Tx) antennas and / or multiple receive (Rx) antennas, the transmission and arrival times of the PRS transmitted and received by the UE will differ for each individual antenna due to the relative position of each respective antenna. Consequently, these positioning techniques may suffer from increasing complexity and computational costs as the number of antennas used in the UE increases.

[0006] Overview

[0007] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for supporting techniques for determining location on a sidelink using multiple antennas. Generally, the described technology provides sidelink positioning using multiple antennas. Specifically, as part of the sidelink positioning process, user equipment (UE) (such as a vehicle, roadside unit (RSU), or both) can exchange positioning reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)). The UE can determine composite (e.g., average, mean) transmission and reception times associated with PRS received across a set of receiving antennas, and composite transmission and reception locations associated with PRS transmitted across a set of transmitting antennas. As part of the sidelink positioning process, composite time and location information can be exchanged via control messages. Subsequently, the UE can determine its location based on control messages received from other UEs and the composite time and location information associated with the exchanged PRS. By determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the UE can perform sidelink positioning, for example, without having to signal and calculate individual transmission / reception times and locations for each individual transmitting and receiving antenna, thereby reducing the computational cost of the sidelink positioning process.

[0008] A method for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The method may include: receiving a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmitting a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas or the set of receiving antennas or both including the antenna set; receiving from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determining the location of the first UE based on the received control message and the combined time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

[0009] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmit a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas or the set of receiving antennas or both including an antenna set; receive from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and the combined time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

[0010] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: receiving a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmitting a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas or the set of receiving antennas or both comprising an antenna set; receiving from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determining the location of the first UE based on the received control message and the combined time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

[0011] A non-transient computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a first UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmit a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas or the set of receiving antennas or both comprising an antenna set; receive from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and the combined time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a first PRS across the set of receiving antennas, wherein the composite time and location information may be based on the composite reception time and the composite reception location.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, determining the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a first PRS across the set of receiving antennas may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining, for each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, the time at which the first PRS is received and the location of that receiving antenna; determining the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS; and determining the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the first PRS for the set of receiving antennas.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the set of receiving antennas includes a receiving antenna.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the set of receiving antennas includes a set of receiving antennas.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting a second PRS across the transmit antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information may be based on the composite transmission time and composite transmission location.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, determining the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting a second PRS across the transmit antenna set may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining a set of transmission times indicating the time at which the second PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set; determining an average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS; and determining an average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the second PRS for the transmit antenna set.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the transmitting antenna assembly includes a transmitting antenna.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the transmitting antenna set includes a transmitting antenna set.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of the location of a second UE via the control message, wherein determining the location of the first UE may be based at least in part on the indication of the location of the second UE.

[0021] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining a first propagation time associated with the first PRS, a second propagation time associated with the second PRS, or both, based on a received control message and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and for a second PRS transmitted by the first UE; and determining the location of the first UE based on the location of the second UE, the first propagation time, the second propagation time, or any combination thereof.

[0022] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a first sidelink transmission to a second UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first set of resources allocated for a first PRS, a second set of resources allocated for a second PRS, or both.

[0023] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a second sidelink transmission to a third UE, the second sidelink transmission including an indication of a third resource set allocated for a third PRS, a fourth resource set allocated for a fourth PRS, or both.

[0024] Examples of methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: receiving a third PRS from a third UE using the set of receiving antennas in response to a second sidelink transmission; transmitting a fourth PRS to a third UE using the set of transmitting antennas in response to the received third PRS; and receiving from the third UE an additional control message indicating time and location information for the third PRS transmitted by the third UE and for the time and location information for the fourth PRS received at the third UE, wherein determining the location of the first UE may be based on the additional control message received from the third UE.

[0025] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for estimating a clock calibration error associated with the receiving antenna set, the transmitting antenna set, or both, based on control messages received from the second UE, wherein determining the location of the first UE may be based on the estimated clock calibration error.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the control messages received from the second UE include intelligent transportation system messages.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first PRS, the second PRS, or both may be transmitted via an unlicensed radio spectrum, and the control message may be transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first PRS, the second PRS, the control message, or a combination thereof may be transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first UE includes a first vehicle, and the second UE includes a second vehicle or roadside unit.

[0030] A method for wireless communication at a second UE is described. The method may include: transmitting a first PRS using a set of transmit antennas; receiving a second PRS using a set of receive antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmit antennas, the set of receive antennas, or both of which include an antenna set; and transmitting to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the set of transmit antennas and for the second PRS received using the set of receive antennas.

[0031] An apparatus for wireless communication at a second UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a first PRS using a set of transmit antennas; receive a second PRS using a set of receive antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the transmit antenna set, the receive antenna set, or both comprising an antenna set; and transmit to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for the second PRS received using the receive antenna set.

[0032] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a second UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: transmitting a first PRS using a set of transmit antennas; receiving a second PRS using a set of receive antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmit antennas, the set of receive antennas, or both comprising multiple antennas; and transmitting to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the set of transmit antennas and for the second PRS received using the set of receive antennas.

[0033] A non-transient computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a second UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit a first PRS using a set of transmit antennas; receive a second PRS using a set of receive antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the transmit antenna set, the receive antenna set, or both comprising an antenna set; and transmit to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for the second PRS received using the receive antenna set.

[0034] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a second PRS across the set of receiving antennas, wherein the composite time and location information may be based on the composite reception time and the composite reception location.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, determining the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a second PRS across the set of receiving antennas may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining, for each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, the time at which the second PRS is received and the location of that receiving antenna; determining the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS; and determining the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the second PRS for the set of receiving antennas.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the set of receiving antennas includes a receiving antenna.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the set of receiving antennas includes a set of receiving antennas.

[0038] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting a first PRS across the transmit antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information may be based on the composite transmission time and the composite transmission location.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, determining the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting a first PRS across the transmit antenna set may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining a set of transmission times indicating the time at which the first PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set; determining an average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS; and determining an average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the first PRS for the transmit antenna set.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the transmitting antenna assembly includes a transmitting antenna.

[0041] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the transmitting antenna set includes a transmitting antenna set.

[0042] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of the location of a second UE via the control message.

[0043] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first sidelink transmission from a first UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first set of resources allocated for a first PRS, a second set of resources allocated for a second PRS, or both.

[0044] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the control messages transmitted to the first UE include intelligent transportation system messages.

[0045] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first PRS, the second PRS, or both may be transmitted via an unlicensed radio spectrum, and the control message may be transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum.

[0046] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first PRS, the second PRS, the control message, or a combination thereof may be transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

[0047] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first UE includes a first vehicle, and the second UE includes a second vehicle or roadside unit. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0049] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems supported by various aspects of this disclosure for using multiple antennas to determine location on a side link are explained.

[0050] Figure 2 Examples of wireless communication systems supported by various aspects of this disclosure for using multiple antennas to determine location on a side link are explained.

[0051] Figure 3 Examples of wireless communication systems supported by various aspects of this disclosure for using multiple antennas to determine location on a side link are explained.

[0052] Figure 4 and 5 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0053] Figure 6 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0054] Figure 7 A diagram is shown of a system including a device supporting a technique for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0055] Figures 8 to 11 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining a position on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0056] Detailed description

[0057] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., systems using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc.), wireless devices (e.g., user equipment (UE)) can be configured to determine their own location and / or the location of other wireless devices based on sidelink reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) exchanged with other wireless devices. For example, in sidelink-based (SL-b) positioning, a UE (e.g., a vehicle) can exchange PRS with one or more other UEs (e.g., other vehicles, roadside units (RSUs)) and determine the UE's location based on the PRS. As another example, in sidelink-assisted (SL-a) positioning, a first UE (e.g., an RSU) can exchange PRS with a second UE (e.g., a vehicle) and determine the second UE's location based on the PRS. Compared to some other positioning system procedures (e.g., procedures using Global Positioning System (GPS) signaling), SL-b and SL-a positioning can determine the UE's location with higher accuracy and precision. However, in cases where a UE comprises multiple transmit (Tx) antennas and / or multiple receive (Rx) antennas, the transmission and arrival times of the PRS transmitted and received by the UE will differ for each individual antenna due to the relative position of each corresponding antenna. To accurately determine the location using these multi-antenna UEs, clock calibration errors can be calibrated and / or estimated for each corresponding UE. Therefore, these positioning techniques may suffer from increasing complexity and computational costs due to the increasing number of antennas used in the UE.

[0058] Therefore, a technique for sidelink localization using multiple antennas is described. Specifically, the UE can determine the composite (e.g., average, mean) transmission and reception times associated with PRS received across the set of receiving antennas, and the composite transmission and reception locations associated with PRS transmitted across the set of transmitting antennas. As part of the sidelink localization process, the composite time and location information can be exchanged via control messages. Subsequently, the UE's location can be determined based on the received control messages and the composite time and location information associated with the exchanged PRS.

[0059] For example, a UE (e.g., a vehicle) may use a set of receive antennas to receive a first PRS from a second UE (e.g., a RSU) and use a set of transmit antennas to transmit a second PRS to the second UE. One or both of the UEs may have multiple receive and / or transmit antennas. The first UE may then receive a control message from the second UE, wherein the control message includes time and location information indicating when and where the first PRS is transmitted and when and where the second PRS is received by the second UE. In some cases, the control message may additionally include the location of the second UE. To perform sidelink positioning, the first UE may determine composite time and location information for the first PRS, which indicates the average (e.g., weighted average, arithmetic average) time and location at which the first PRS is received across the set of receive antennas. Composite time and location information may be determined similarly for the transmission of the second PRS. The location of the first UE may then be determined based on the control message and the composite time and location information associated with the first and second PRS. By determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the UE can perform sidelink localization without having to signal and calculate individual transmission and reception times and locations for each individual transmit and receive antenna, thereby reducing the computational cost of the sidelink localization process.

[0060] The aspects of this disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. Additional aspects of this disclosure are described in the context of example processing flows. The aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated and described by way of apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas.

[0061] Figure 1 Examples of a wireless communication system 100 supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, are described. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low latency communication, communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0062] Base station 105 can be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and can be different types of devices or devices with different capabilities. Base station 105 and UE 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 can provide a coverage area 110, and UE 115 and base station 105 can establish one or more communication links 125 on the coverage area 110. Coverage area 110 can be an example of a geographical area over which base station 105 and UE 115 can support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0063] Each UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. Each UE 115 can be a different type of device or a device with different capabilities. Figure 1 The document describes some example UE 115s. The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s, base station 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay equipment, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment). Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0064] Each base station 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, base station 105 may interface with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). Base stations 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105), indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130), or directly and indirectly on backhaul links 120 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces). In some examples, backhaul link 120 may be or include one or more radio links.

[0065] One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, base transceiver station, radio base station, access point, radio transceiver, B node, evolved B node (eNB), next-generation B node or gigabit B node (any of which may be referred to as gNB), home B node, home evolved B node, or other suitable terms.

[0066] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0067] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, as well as base station 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0068] UE 115 and base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the radio spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 may support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0069] The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may include a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the code rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements the UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate the UE 115 can achieve. Wireless communication resources can refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and using multiple spatial layers can further improve the data rate or data integrity of communication with the UE 115.

[0070] The time interval of base station 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period T. s =1 / (Δf) max ·Nf) seconds, where Δf max The maximum supported subcarrier spacing can be represented by Nf, while Nf can represent the maximum supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0071] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into several time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include several symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added before each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple mini-time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0072] A subframe, time slot, mini-slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0073] Physical channels can be multiplexed on a carrier using various techniques. Physical control channels and physical data channels can be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for physical control channels can be defined by the number of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs 115 can monitor or search control regions for control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for control channel candidates can refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information in a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to send control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set configured to send control information to a specific UE 115.

[0074] In some examples, base station 105 may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. Wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network, in which different types of base stations 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage to various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0075] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low latency, or mission-critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission-critical services, such as Mission-Critical Talk-to-Talk (MCPTT), Mission-Critical Video (MCVideo), or Mission-Critical Data (MCData)). Support for mission-critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission-critical services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0076] In some examples, UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UE 115 on a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UE 115s utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UE 115s in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105 or may be unable to receive transmissions from base station 105 for other reasons. In some examples, groups of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between the individual UE 115s without involving base station 105.

[0077] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using V2X communication, V2V communication, or some combination of these communications. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signaling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), or with the network, or with both, via vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication through one or more network nodes (e.g., base station 105).

[0078] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC). The EPC or 5GC may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by base station 105 associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which provides IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity can connect to network operator IP service 150. Carrier IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0079] Some network devices (such as base station 105) may include sub-components, such as access network entity 140, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with each UE 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145, which may be referred to as a radio headend, smart radio headend, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio headends and ANCs) or combined into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0080] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz band is referred to as a UHF band or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but these waves can penetrate various structures sufficiently for macrocells to provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to transmissions using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the lower HF or VHF portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, UHF wave transmission can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0081] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band). When operating in unlicensed radio spectrum bands, devices (such as base station 105 and UE 115) may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation in unlicensed frequency bands may be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in coordination with component carriers operating in licensed frequency bands. Operation in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, etc.

[0082] Base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels that can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may coexist at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with base station 105 may be located in different geographical locations. Base station 105 may have an antenna array with several rows and columns of antenna ports that base station 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0083] Base station 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. For example, a transmitting device may transmit multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, a receiving device may receive multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0084] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array, such that some signals propagating relative to a particular orientation of the antenna array experience constructive interference, while others experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude offset, phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with that device. The adjustments associated with each antenna element may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., the antenna array relative to the transmitting or receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0085] Base station 105 or UE 115 may use beamsweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) for beamforming operations to facilitate directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by base station 105 in different directions. For example, base station 105 may transmit signals based on different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used (e.g., by the transmitting device (such as base station 105) or the receiving device (such as UE 115)) to identify the beam direction that base station 105 uses for later transmission or reception.

[0086] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with the receiving device (such as UE 115)). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions and may report to base station 105 an indication of the signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0087] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., by base station 105 or UE 115) may be executed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate combined beams for transmission (e.g., from base station 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Base station 105 may transmit reference signals that may be precoded or unprecoded (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)). UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel type codebook, linear combination type codebook, port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception) or to transmit signals in a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0088] A receiver device (e.g., UE 115) may attempt multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from base station 105. For example, the receiver device may attempt multiple receive directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets); or processing received signals according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, the receiver device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned on a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0089] UE 115 and base station 105 can support data retransmission to increase the likelihood of successful data reception. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correctly receiving data on communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve the throughput of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device may support simultaneous time-slot HARQ feedback, where the device can provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received in previous symbols within that time slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in subsequent time slots or according to some other time interval.

[0090] The UE 115 of the wireless communication system 100 can support techniques for sidelink positioning using multiple antennas. In this regard, the UE 115 of the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to perform a sidelink positioning procedure. In some examples, the techniques used for sidelink positioning can use V2X, V2V, or similar sidelink communications. Specifically, the UE 115 of the wireless communication system 100 can exchange PRS and can determine composite (e.g., average, mean) transmission and reception times associated with PRS received across the set of receiving antennas, and composite transmission and reception locations associated with PRS transmitted across the set of transmitting antennas. As part of the sidelink positioning procedure, the composite time and location information can be exchanged via control messages. Subsequently, the location of the UE 115 can be determined based on the received control messages and the composite time and location information associated with the exchanged PRS.

[0091] For example, a first UE 115 (e.g., a vehicle) may use a set of receive antennas to receive a first PRS from a second UE 115 (e.g., a RSU) and use a set of transmit antennas to transmit a second PRS to the second UE 115. One or both of the UEs 115 may have multiple receive and / or transmit antennas. The first UE 115 may then receive a control message from the second UE 115, wherein the control message includes time and location information indicating when and where the first PRS is transmitted by the second UE and when and where the second PRS is received by the second UE. In some cases, the control message may additionally include the location of the second UE 115. To perform sidelink localization, the first UE 115 may determine composite time and location information for the first PRS, which indicates the average (e.g., weighted average, arithmetic average) time and location at which the first PRS is received across the set of receive antennas. Composite time and location information may be determined similarly for the transmission of the second PRS. The location of the first UE 115 may then be determined based on the control message and the composite time and location information associated with the first and second PRS.

[0092] The techniques described herein enable UE 115 to perform sidelink localization procedures to more accurately determine the location of the corresponding UE 115. Specifically, by determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, UE 115 can perform sidelink localization without having to signal and calculate individual transmission / reception times and locations for each individual transmit and receive antenna. Therefore, the techniques described herein significantly reduce the complexity of sidelink localization procedures and lower the computational cost of sidelink localization procedures within the wireless communication system 100.

[0093] Figure 2 Examples of a wireless communication system 200, supported by various aspects of this disclosure, for determining location on a side link (e.g., using V2V or V2X communication) using multiple antennas, are described. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 200 may include a first UE 115-a, a second UE 115-b, a third UE 115-c, and a fourth UE 115-d, which may be referenced... Figure 1Examples of UE 115 described herein. Specifically, in the example explained for wireless communication system 200, the first UE 115-a and the third UE 115-c may be examples of vehicles configured for sidelink positioning procedures, and the second UE 115-b and the fourth UE 115-d may be examples of RSUs configured for sidelink positioning procedures, as previously described herein. In other examples, depending on the technical aspects described herein, there may be more or fewer UEs 115, including any combination of vehicles, RSUs, or other UEs using sidelink communication technologies such as V2V or V2X communication.

[0094] The UEs 115 of the wireless communication system 200 can communicate with each other via communication links 205. For example, a first UE 115-a can communicate with a second UE 115-b via communication link 205-a. Similarly, the first UE 115-a can communicate with a third UE 115-c and a fourth UE 115-d via communication links 205-b and 205-c, respectively. Communication links 205-a, 205-b, and 205-c may include examples of links between two UEs 115 (e.g., sidelink communication links, or PC5 links). In this regard, communication links 205-a, 205-b, and 205-c may include bidirectional links between the respective UEs 115-a, 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d.

[0095] The wireless communication system 200 can support techniques for managing interference with sensed signals. Specifically, the techniques described herein enable a first UE 115-a to determine its location based on PRS 210 and control messages 215 exchanged with one or more other UEs 115 (e.g., a second UE 115-b, a third UE 115-c, and / or a fourth UE 115-d). The UEs 115 of the wireless communication system 200 can include any UE 115 configured to perform signaling associated with sidelink positioning procedures. For example, the first UE 115-a and the third UE 115-c can include vehicles (e.g., cars, air vehicles, autonomous vehicles), and the second UE 115-b and the fourth UE 115-b can include RSUs (e.g., RSUs coupled to streetlights, street signs, bridges, buildings). However, Figure 2 The UE 115 described herein may include any UE 115.

[0096] In some cases, the locations of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may be known. For example, in cases where the second UE 115-b and the fourth UE 115-d include RSUs, the second UE 115-b and the fourth UE 115-d may be stationary, and the locations of the respective UEs 115-b and 115-d may be known. In some aspects, the techniques described herein can utilize the known locations of one or more UEs 115 (e.g., the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, the fourth UE 115-d, or any combination thereof) to facilitate a sidelink localization procedure to determine the location of the first UE 115-a.

[0097] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a of the wireless communication system 200 can exchange PRS 210 with other UEs 115-b, 115-c, and / or 115-d, and can determine the composite (e.g., average, mean) transmission and reception times associated with the PRS 210 received across the set of receiving antennas of the first UE 115-a, and the composite transmission and reception locations associated with the PRS 210 transmitted across the set of transmitting antennas of the first UE 115-a. As part of a sidelink positioning procedure, the composite time and location information can be exchanged via control message 215. Subsequently, the first UE 115-a can determine its location based on the received control message 215 and the composite time and location information associated with the exchanged PRS.

[0098] For example, in some aspects, the first UE 115-a may identify one or more other UEs 115 (e.g., UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d) that will be used in the sidelink location procedure. For example, the first UE 115-a may identify and group the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d for use in the sidelink location procedure. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may transmit sidelink transmissions to the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, the fourth UE 115-d, or any combination thereof. In this regard, the first UE 115-a may “initiate” the sidelink location procedure and reserve a set of resources for the respective UEs 115-a, 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d to perform listen-before-talk (LBT) communication for the sidelink location procedure.

[0099] Sidelink transmissions may include an indication of the set of resources allocated for each of the corresponding UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d, or from each of the corresponding UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. For example, the first UE 115-a may transmit a first sidelink transmission to the second UE 115-b, wherein the first sidelink transmission includes instructions for: a resource set for PRS 210-a transmitted from the second UE 115-b to the first UE 115-a, a resource set for PRS 210-d transmitted from the first UE 115-a to the second UE 115-b, a resource set for control message 215-a transmitted from the second UE 115-b to the first UE 115-a, a resource set for control message 215-d transmitted from the first UE 115-a to the second UE 115-b, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the sidelink transmission to each of UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d may be transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-a, the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d, respectively.

[0100] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may receive PRS 210 from each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d. For example, the first UE 115-a may receive PRS 210-a from the second UE 115-b, PRS 210-b from the third UE 115-c, and PRS 210-c from the fourth UE 115-d. In some aspects, UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d may transmit PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c respectively based on (e.g., in response to) a sidelink transmission received from the first UE 115-a. In this regard, PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c can be transmitted via the resource set allocated for the respective PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c as indicated in the sidelink transmission received from the first UE 115-a. In some aspects, PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c can be transmitted via the sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-a, the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d, respectively.

[0101] In some respects, PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c can be transmitted via unlicensed or shared licensed radio spectrum. In some cases, each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d can transmit the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c via sequential broadcast transmission. For example, as Figure 2 As shown, the second UE 115-b can transmit (e.g., broadcast) PRS 210-a, followed by the third UE 115-c transmitting (e.g., broadcast) PRS 210-b, followed by the fourth UE 115-d transmitting (e.g., broadcast) PRS 210-c.

[0102] The first UE 115-e may use a set of receiving antennas to receive each of the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c. In some cases, the set of receiving antennas may include a single receiving antenna. In alternative cases, the set of receiving antennas may include multiple receiving antennas. Similarly, each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may use a set of transmitting antennas to transmit the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c. In some cases, the transmitting antenna sets of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may each include a single transmitting antenna. In alternative cases, the transmitting antenna sets of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may each include multiple transmitting antennas.

[0103] In some respects, the first UE 115-a may transmit (e.g., broadcast) PRS 210-d to the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, the fourth UE 115-d, or any combination thereof. For example, in the case where the first UE 115-a receives PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c from each of UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d, the first UE 115-a may transmit (e.g., broadcast) PRS 210-d to each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d. As another example, in the case where the first UE 115-a receives PRS 210-b only from the second UE 115-b, the first UE 115-a may transmit PRS 210-d only to the second UE 115-b.

[0104] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may use a transmit antenna set to transmit PRS 210-d. In some cases, the transmit antenna set may include a single transmit antenna. In alternative cases, the transmit antenna set may include multiple transmit antennas. The transmit antenna set used to transmit PRS 210-d may be the same as or different from the receive antenna set used to receive PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c. In some aspects, the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may each use a corresponding receive antenna set to receive PRS 210-d. In some cases, the receive antenna sets of UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d may each include a single receive antenna. In alternative cases, the receive antenna sets of UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d may each include multiple receive antennas.

[0105] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may transmit PRS 210-d based on (e.g., in response to) transmitting a first sidelink transmission to UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d, receiving PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c, or any combination thereof. For example, the first UE 115-a may transmit PRS 210-d via a set of resources allocated for PRS 210-d as indicated in the sidelink transmissions transmitted to the respective UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. PRS 210-d may be transmitted to the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-d, and the fourth UE 115-d respectively via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-a, the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d. In some respects, PRS 210-d can be transmitted via unlicensed radio spectrum.

[0106] like Figure 2As shown, the first UE 115-a may transmit PRS 210-d to each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d after receiving the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c. In this regard, the first UE 115-a may transmit PRS 210-d as a broadcast transmission, a multicast transmission, or both to each of the corresponding UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. In an additional or alternative manner, the first UE 115-a may transmit a separate PRS 210 to each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d. For example, in some scenarios, a first UE 115-a may transmit PRS 210-d to a second UE 115-b, a separate PRS 210 to a third UE 115-c, and a separate PRS 210 to a fourth UE 115-d. In this example, each of the PRS 210s (e.g., PR 210-d) transmitted by the first UE 115-a may be transmitted as a unicast transmission. Furthermore, in this example, each of the PRS 210s (e.g., PR 210-d) transmitted by the first UE 115-a may be associated with a corresponding, individual resource set.

[0107] In some respects, each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d can determine the composite transmission time and location, as well as the composite reception time and location, associated with the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, 210-c, and 210-d transmitted and received by the respective UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d can determine the composite transmission / reception time and location based on transmitting, transmitting, and receiving the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c via the receiving-side link from the first UE 115-a, or any combination thereof.

[0108] For example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with the transmission of PRS 210-a across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b. In this regard, the second UE 115-b can determine when and where PRS 210-a is transmitted by the second UE 115-a. For example, the second UE 115-b can determine a set of transmission times indicating the time when PRS 210-a is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set. As an example, in the case where the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b includes three transmit antennas, the second UE 115-b can determine a first transmission time when PRS 210-a is transmitted by the first transmit antenna, a second transmission time when PRS 210-a is transmitted by the second transmit antenna, and a third transmission time when PRS 210-a is transmitted by the third transmit antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite transmission time (e.g., T1) across the transmit antenna set for PRS 210-a by combining the first transmission time, the second transmission time, and the third transmission time. In this regard, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite transmission time at T1, which represents the composite time during which PRS 210-a is transmitted by the second UE 115-b across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b. Any mathematical operations, formulas, or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the respective transmission times to form the composite transmission time (e.g., T1).

[0109] For example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite transmission time T1 associated with transmitting PRS 210-a across a set of transmit antennas including M transmit antennas according to Equation 1:

[0110]

[0111] Where T1 defines the composite transmission time associated with the transmission of PRS 210-a across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b, M defines the number of transmit antennas in the transmit antenna set, and t 1；k Define the transmission time of PRS 210-a at the transmitting antenna k.

[0112] Additionally, the second UE 115-b can determine composite transmission locations associated with transmitting PRS 210-a across the set of transmit antennas of the second UE 115-b. For example, the second UE 115-b can determine a set of locations associated with each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas. For example, in the case where the set of transmit antennas of the second UE 115-b includes three transmit antennas, the second UE 115-b can determine a first transmission location associated with a first transmit antenna, a second transmission location associated with a second transmit antenna, and a third transmission location associated with a third transmit antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-b can determine composite transmission locations across the set of transmit antennas for PRS 210-a by combining the first, second, and third transmission locations. Any mathematical operations, formulas, or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to averages, weighted averages, arithmetic averages, medians, etc.) can be used to combine the respective transmission locations to form composite transmission locations.

[0113] For example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite transmission location associated with transmitting PRS 210-a across a set of transmit antennas including M transmit antennas according to Equation 2:

[0114]

[0115] Wherein, R1 defines the composite transmission location associated with the transmission of PRS 210-a across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b, M defines the number of transmit antennas in the transmit antenna set, and t 1；k Define the transmission position of PRS 210-a at the transmitting antenna k.

[0116] Similarly, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite reception time associated with receiving PRS 210-d across the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-b. For example, the second UE 115-b can determine a set of reception times indicating the time when PRS 210-d is received by each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas. As an example, in the case where the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-b includes three receiving antennas, the second UE 115-b can determine a first reception time when PRS 210-d is received by a first receiving antenna, a second reception time when PRS 210-d is received by a second receiving antenna, and a third reception time when PRS 210-d is received by a third receiving antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite reception time (e.g., T4) across the set of receiving antennas for PRS 210-d by combining the first reception time, the second reception time, and the third reception time. In this regard, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite reception time at T4, which represents the composite time at which PRS210-d is received by the second UE 115-b across the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-b. Any mathematical operations, formulas, or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the corresponding reception times to form the composite reception time (e.g., T4).

[0117] For example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite reception time T4 associated with receiving PRS 210-d across a set of receiving antennas including N receiving antennas according to Equation 3:

[0118]

[0119] Where T4 defines the composite reception time associated with receiving PRS 210-d across the receiver antenna set of the second UE 115-b, N defines the number of receiver antennas in the receiver antenna set, and t 4；k Define the reception time of PRS 210-d at the receiving antenna k.

[0120] Additionally, the second UE 115-b can determine a composite reception location associated with receiving the PRS 210-d across the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-b. For example, the second UE 115-b can determine a set of locations associated with each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas. For example, in the case where the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-b includes three receiving antennas, the second UE 115-b can determine a first reception location associated with a first receiving antenna, a second reception location associated with a second receiving antenna, and a third reception location associated with a third receiving antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-b can determine a composite reception location across the set of receiving antennas for the PRS 210-d by combining the first reception location, the second reception location, and the third reception location. In this regard, the second UE 115-b can determine a composite reception location that represents a composite location where the PRS 210-d is received by the second UE 115-b across the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-b. Any mathematical operation, formula or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to average, weighted average, arithmetic average, median, etc.) can be used to combine corresponding receiving positions to form composite receiving positions.

[0121] For example, the second UE 115-b can determine the composite reception location associated with receiving PRS 210-d across a set of receiving antennas including N receiving antennas according to Equation 4:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, R4 defines the composite reception location associated with receiving PRS 210-d across the receiver antenna set of the second UE 115-b, N defines the number of receiver antennas in the receiver antenna set, and r 4；k Define PRS 210-d at the receiving position of the transmitting antenna k.

[0124] Similarly, each of the third UE 115-c and the fourth UE 115-d can determine the composite transmission / reception time and location of the corresponding PRS 210 transmitted and received by the respective UEs 115-c and 115-d. For example, the third UE 115-c can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting PRS 210-b across the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-c, and can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving PRS 210-d across the receive antenna set of the third UE 115-c. Similarly, the fourth UE 115-d can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting PRS 210-c across the transmit antenna set of the fourth UE 115-d, and can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving PRS 210-d across the receive antenna set of the fourth UE 115-d. As discussed earlier in this document regarding the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c and the fourth UE 115-d may use any mathematical operations, formulas or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to average, weighted average, arithmetic average, median, etc.) to determine the composite transmission / reception time and location.

[0125] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may receive control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c from the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d, respectively. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may receive control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c based on (e.g., in response to) transmitting sidelink transmissions to UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d, receiving PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c, transmitting PRS 210-d, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, each of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may transmit corresponding control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c based on determining the composite transmission / reception time and location associated with the respective UE 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. For example, the second UE 115-b may transmit control message 215-a based on the resource set indicated in the sidelink transmission received from the first UE 115-a, the composite transmission time and location associated with transmitting PRS 210-a, and the composite reception time and location associated with receiving PRS 210-d.

[0126] In some aspects, control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c may include indications of locations associated with corresponding UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. For example, control message 215-a may include an indication of the location of a second UE 115-b, control message 215-b may include an indication of the location of a third UE 115-c, and control message 215-c may include an indication of the location of a fourth UE 115-d. Control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c may be transmitted via sidelink communication links between the first UE 115-a, the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d, respectively. In some aspects, control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c may be transmitted via licensed radio spectrum. For example, control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c may include Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) messages transmitted via licensed radio spectrum bands.

[0127] In some aspects, control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c may respectively indicate time and location information associated with PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-b transmitted by the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d. In this regard, control message 215-a may indicate time and location information associated with PRS 210-a transmitted by the second UE 115-b, time and location information associated with PRS 210-d received by the second UE 115-b, or both. As another example, control message 215-b may indicate time and location information associated with PRS 210-b transmitted by the third UE 115-c, time and location information associated with PRS 210-d received by the third UE 115-c, or both.

[0128] In some aspects, the time and location information indicated in the corresponding control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-d may include composite transmission / reception time and location associated with each of the corresponding UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. For example, control message 215-a transmitted by the second UE 115-b may indicate composite time and location information for PRS 210-a transmitted using the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b, composite time and location information for PRS 210-d received using the receive antenna set of the second UE 115-b, or both. For example, control message 215-a may include a composite transmission time (e.g., T1) associated with transmitting PRS 210-a across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b, and a composite transmission location associated with transmitting PRS 210-a across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-b. Similarly, control message 215-a may include the composite reception time (e.g., T4) associated with the reception of PRS 210-d across the receive antenna set of the second UE 115-b, and the composite reception location associated with the reception of PRS 210-d across the receive antenna set of the second UE 115-b. In this regard, control message 215-a may include indications of when and where PRS 210-a is transmitted by the second UE 115-b and indications of when and where PRS 210-d is received by the second UE 115-b.

[0129] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite transmission time and location associated with transmitting PRS 210-d, and the composite reception time and location associated with receiving PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite transmission / reception time and location based on transmitting sidelink transmissions to the respective UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d, receiving PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c, transmitting PRS 210-d, receiving control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-d, or any combination thereof.

[0130] For example, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with the reception of PRS 210-a across the set of receiving antennas of the first UE 115-a. In this regard, the first UE 115-a can determine when and where PRS 210-a is received by the first UE 115-a. For example, the first UE 115-a can determine a set of reception times indicating the time when PRS 210-a is received by each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas. As an example, in the case where the set of receiving antennas of the first UE 115-a includes three receiving antennas, the first UE 115-a can determine a first reception time when PRS 210-a is received by the first receiving antenna, a second reception time when PRS 210-a is received by the second receiving antenna, and a third reception time when PRS 210-a is received by the third transmitting antenna. In this example, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite reception time (e.g., T2) across the set of receiving antennas for PRS 210-a by combining the first reception time, the second reception time, and the third reception time. In this regard, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite reception time at T2, which represents the composite time at which PRS 210-a is received by the first UE 115-a across the set of receiving antennas of the first UE 115-a. Any mathematical operations, formulas, or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the respective reception times to form the composite reception time (e.g., T2).

[0131] Additionally, the first UE 115-a can determine a composite reception location associated with receiving PRS 210-a across the set of receiving antennas of the first UE 115-a. For example, the first UE 115-a can determine a set of locations associated with each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas. For example, in the case where the set of receiving antennas of the first UE 115-a includes three receiving antennas, the first UE 115-a can determine a first reception location associated with a first receiving antenna, a second reception location associated with a second receiving antenna, and a third reception location associated with a third receiving antenna. In this example, the first UE 115-a can determine a composite reception location across the set of receiving antennas for PRS 210-a by combining the first, second, and third reception locations. Any mathematical operations, formulas, or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the respective reception locations to form a composite reception location.

[0132] Similarly, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite transmission time associated with transmitting PRS 210-d across the transmit antenna set of the first UE 115-a. For example, the first UE 115-a can determine a set of transmission times indicating the time when PRS 210-d is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set. As an example, in the case where the transmit antenna set of the first UE 115-a includes three transmit antennas, the first UE 115-a can determine a first transmission time for PRS 210-d transmitted by the first transmit antenna, a second transmission time for PRS 210-d transmitted by the second transmit antenna, and a third transmission time for PRS 210-d transmitted by the third transmit antenna. In this example, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite transmission time (e.g., T3) across the transmit antenna set for PRS 210-d by combining the first transmission time, the second transmission time, and the third transmission time. In this regard, the first UE 115-a can determine the composite transmission time at T3, which represents the composite time of PRS210-d transmitted by the first UE 115-a across the transmit antenna set of the first UE 115-a. Any mathematical operation, formula, or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the corresponding transmission times to form the composite transmission time (e.g., T3).

[0133] Additionally, the first UE 115-a can determine a composite transmission location associated with transmitting PRS 210-d across the set of transmit antennas of the first UE 115-a. For example, the first UE 115-a can determine a set of locations associated with each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas. For example, in the case where the set of transmit antennas of the first UE 115-a includes three transmit antennas, the first UE 115-a can determine a first transmission location associated with a first transmit antenna, a second transmission location associated with a second transmit antenna, and a third transmission location associated with a third transmit antenna. In this example, the first UE 115-a can determine a composite transmission location across the set of transmit antennas for PRS 210-d by combining the first transmission location, the second transmission location, and the third transmission location. In this regard, the first UE 115-a can determine a composite transmission location that represents the composite location where PRS 210-d is transmitted by the first UE 115-a across the set of transmit antennas of the first UE 115-a. Any mathematical operation, formula, or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to average, weighted average, arithmetic average, median, etc.) can be used to combine the corresponding transmission positions to form a composite transmission position.

[0134] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can determine the propagation time 220 associated with PRS 210-a, 210-b, 210-c, and 210-d. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can determine the propagation time 220 of the corresponding PRS 210-A, 210-b, 210-c, and 210-d based on control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c, determining the composite transmission / reception time associated with the first UE 115-a, or any combination thereof.

[0135] For example, the first UE 115-a may determine a first propagation time 220-a associated with PRS 210-a based on composite time and location information for PRS 210-a transmitted by the second UE 115-b, composite time and location information for PRS 210-a received by the first UE 115-a, or both. As another example, the first UE 115-a may determine a second propagation time 220-b associated with PRS 210-d based on composite time and location information for PRS 210-d transmitted by the first UE 115-a, composite time and location information for PRS 210-d received by the second UE 115-b, or both.

[0136] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may estimate the clock calibration error associated with the first UE 115-a's receive antenna set, the first UE 115-a's transmit antenna set, or both. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may estimate the clock calibration error based on control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c, determining the composite transmit / receive time associated with the first UE 115-a, or any combination thereof.

[0137] In some respects, determining the composite transmit and receive times can significantly simplify the estimation of clock calibration errors. For example, in some conventional sidelink positioning procedures, multi-antenna UEs may have to estimate clock calibration errors for each individual transmit and receive antenna. This can result in significant computational costs and power consumption. In contrast, by determining the composite transmit and receive times for transmitting and receiving PRS 210, the technique described herein can reduce the number of clock calibration errors that may be calculated. Furthermore, the number of clock calibration errors can be fixed, and fewer data samples may be required for convergence of clock calibration errors compared to some conventional sidelink positioning procedures.

[0138] In some aspects, the location of the first UE 115-a can be determined. In some aspects, the location of the first UE 115-a can be determined based on control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c, the composite transmission / reception time and location associated with the first UE 115-a, the determined propagation time 220 associated with the corresponding PRS 210-a, 210-b, 210-c, and 210-d, the estimated clock calibration error, or any combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the location of the first UE 115-a can be determined based on indications of the locations of the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, the fourth UE 115-d, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the location of the first UE 115-a can be determined based on the propagation speed of the PRS 210 or an estimated propagation speed (e.g., the speed of light).

[0139] For example, the first UE 115-a can determine its location based on the composite time and location information of PRS 210-a transmitted by the second UE 115-b, the composite time and location information of PRS 210-a received by the first UE 115-a, the composite time and location information of PRS 210-d transmitted by the first UE 115-a, and the composite time and location information of PRS 210-d received by the second UE 115-b. For example, the first UE 115-a can determine its location according to Equation 5:

[0140]

[0141] Where r is the position of the second UE 115-b, and v light (v 光 ) is the speed of light.

[0142] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may optionally transmit control message 215-d to the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, the fourth UE 115-d, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, such as Figure 2As shown, the first UE 115-a may transmit control message 215-d after receiving each of control messages 215-a, 215-b, and 215-c. In some aspects, control message 215-d may indicate time and location information associated with PRS 210-a, 210-b, 210-c, and 210-d transmitted and received by the first UE 115-a. For example, control message 215-d may indicate time and location information associated with PRS 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c received by the first UE 115-a, time and location information associated with PRS 210-d transmitted by the first UE 115-a, or both. For example, control message 215-d may include composite transmission / reception time and location associated with PRS 210 transmitted and received by the first UE 115-a.

[0143] In some aspects, control message 215-d can be used by UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d to determine the location of the first UE 115-a. Specifically, control message 215-d can enable SL-a positioning, wherein the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, the fourth UE 115-d, or any combination thereof, determines the location of the first UE 115-a. In some aspects, UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d can determine the location of the first UE 115-a based on control message 215-d. In such a case, UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d can transmit a sidelink transmission to the first UE 115-a, wherein the sidelink transmission indicates the location of the first UE 115-a determined by the respective UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d. In some cases, the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine its location based on the location of the first UE 115-a as indicated by UEs 115-b, 115-c, and 115-d in sidelink transmission.

[0144] The techniques described herein enable a first UE 115-a to perform a sidelink positioning procedure to more accurately determine its location. Specifically, by determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the first UE 115-a can perform sidelink positioning without having to signal and calculate individual transmission / reception times and locations for each individual transmit and receive antenna. Therefore, the techniques described herein significantly reduce the complexity of the sidelink positioning procedure and lower the computational cost of sidelink positioning procedures within a wireless communication system 200.

[0145] Figure 3Examples of a process flow 300 supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, are described. In some examples, process flow 300 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or 200 or be implemented by aspects of wireless communication system 100 or 200. For example, process flow 300 may describe a first UE 115-e receiving a first PRS, transmitting a second PRS, receiving a control message, and determining the location of the first UE 115-e based on the control message and composite time and location information, as referred to Figure 1-2 As described.

[0146] In some cases, process flow 300 may include a first UE 115-e, a second UE 115-f, and a third UE 115-g, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein. Figure 3 The first UE 115-e, the second UE 115-f, and the third UE 115-g described in the text can be respectively Figure 2 Examples of the first UE 115-a, second UE 115-b, and third UE 115-c described herein. In this regard, the first UE 115-e and the third UE 115-g may include examples of vehicles configured for side-link positioning procedures, and the second UE 115-f may include examples of RSUs configured for side-link positioning procedures. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e may be on a side-link communication link (such as...) Figure 2 The second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g communicate on the communication links 205-a and 205-b as explained in the document.

[0147] In some examples, the operations described in process flow 300 may be performed by hardware (e.g., including circuit systems, processing blocks, logic components, and other components), code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. Alternative examples are possible, in which some steps are performed in a different order than described or not at all. In some cases, the steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.

[0148] At 305, the first UE 115-e may transmit a first sidelink transmission to the second UE 115-f. In some aspects, the first sidelink transmission may include an indication of a resource set allocated for a first PRS from the second UE 115-f to the first UE 115-e. Additionally or alternatively, the first sidelink transmission may include an indication of a resource set allocated for a second PRS from the first UE 115-e to the second UE 115-f, a resource set for control messages from the second UE 115-f to the first UE 115-e, or both. Each resource set may each include a time resource set and a frequency resource set for transmitting or receiving the corresponding PRS or control message. In some aspects, the first sidelink transmission may be transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e and the second UE 115-f.

[0149] At 310, the first UE 115-e may transmit a second sidelink transmission to the third UE 115-g. In some aspects, the second sidelink transmission may include an indication of a resource set allocated for a third PRS from the third UE 115-g to the first UE 115-e. Additionally or alternatively, the second sidelink transmission may include an indication of a resource set allocated for a second PRS from the first UE 115-e to the third UE 115-g, a resource set for control messages from the third UE 115-g to the first UE 115-e, or both. As an addition to or alternative to the resource set allocated for the second PRS from the first UE 115-e to the third UE 115-g, the second sidelink transmission may include an indication of a resource set for a fourth PRS (not shown) from the first UE 115-e to the third UE 115-g. Each resource set may each include a time resource set and a frequency resource set for transmitting or receiving the corresponding PRS or control message. In some respects, the first sidelink transmission can be carried out via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e and the third UE 115-g.

[0150] In step 315, the first UE 115-e can receive the first PRS from the second UE 115-f. The first UE 115-e can use a set of receive antennas to receive the first PRS. In some cases, the set of receive antennas may include a single receive antenna. In alternative cases, the set of receive antennas may include multiple receive antennas. Similarly, the second UE 115-f can use a set of transmit antennas to transmit the first PRS. In some cases, the set of transmit antennas of the second UE 115-f may include a single transmit antenna. In alternative cases, the set of transmit antennas of the second UE 115-f may include multiple transmit antennas.

[0151] In some aspects, the second UE 115-f may transmit the first PRS at 315 based on (e.g., in response to) the first sidelink transmission received at 305. In this regard, the first PRS may be transmitted via a set of resources allocated for the first PRS as indicated in the first sidelink transmission. The first PRS may be transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e and the second UE 115-f. In some aspects, the first PRS may be transmitted via unlicensed radio spectrum.

[0152] At 320, the first UE 115-e can receive the third PRS from the third UE 115-g. The first UE 115-e can use a set of receive antennas to receive the third PRS. Similarly, the third UE 115-g can use a set of transmit antennas to transmit the third PRS. In some cases, the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-g may include a single transmit antenna. In alternative cases, the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-g may include multiple transmit antennas.

[0153] In some aspects, the third UE 115-g may transmit the third PRS at 320 based on (e.g., in response to) the second sidelink transmission received at 310. In this regard, the third PRS may be transmitted via a set of resources allocated for the third PRS as indicated in the second sidelink transmission. The third PRS may be transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e and the third UE 115-g. In some aspects, the third PRS may be transmitted via unlicensed radio spectrum.

[0154] At 325, the first UE 115-e may transmit the second PRS to the second UE 115-f, the third UE 115-g, or both. For example, if the first UE 115-e receives both the first PRS and the third PRS from the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g respectively, the first UE 115-e may transmit the second PRS to both the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g at 325. As another example, if the first UE 115-e receives the first PRS only from the second UE 115-f, the first UE 115-e may transmit the second PRS only to the second UE 115-f at 325.

[0155] In some aspects, the first UE 115-f may use a transmit antenna set to transmit the second PRS. In some cases, the transmit antenna set may include a single transmit antenna. In alternative cases, the transmit antenna set may include multiple transmit antennas. The transmit antenna set used to transmit the second PRS at 325 may be the same as or different from the receive antenna set used to receive the first PRS at 315 and the third PRS at 320. In some aspects, the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g may each use a corresponding receive antenna set to receive the second PRS. In some cases, the receive antenna sets of the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g may include a single receive antenna. In alternative cases, the receive antenna sets of the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g may include multiple receive antennas.

[0156] In some aspects, the first UE 115-e may transmit a second PRS at 325 based on (e.g., in response to) transmitting a first sidelink transmission at 305, transmitting a second sidelink transmission at 310, receiving a first PRS at 315, receiving a third PRS at 320, or any combination thereof. For example, the first UE 115-e may transmit the second PRS via a set of resources allocated for the second PRS as indicated in the first and / or second sidelink transmissions. The second PRS may be transmitted to the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g respectively via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e, the second UE 115-f, and the third UE 115-g. In some aspects, the second PRS may be transmitted via unlicensed radio spectrum.

[0157] like Figure 2 As shown, the first UE 115-e can transmit a second PRS to the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g. In this regard, the first UE 115-e can transmit the second PRS as a broadcast transmission, a multicast transmission, or both. As an addendum or alternative, the first UE 115-e can transmit separate PRSs to the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g. For example, in some cases, the first UE 115-e can transmit a second PRS to the second UE 115-f and can transmit a fourth PRS (not shown) to the third UE 115-g. In this regard, the first UE 115-e can indicate the set of resources allocated for the second PRS from the first UE 115-e to the second UE 115-f in a first sidelink transmission at 305, and can indicate the set of resources allocated for the fourth PRS (not shown) from the first UE 115-e to the third UE 115-g in a second sidelink transmission at 310. In this example, the second PRS and the fourth PRS can be transmitted as unicast transmissions.

[0158] At 330, the second UE 115-f and / or the third UE 115-g can determine the composite transmission time and location, as well as the composite reception time and location, associated with the corresponding PRS transmitted and received by the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g. The second UE 115-f and / or the third UE 115-f can determine the composite transmission / reception time and location based on receiving a first sidelink transmission at 305, receiving a second sidelink transmission at 310, transmitting a first PRS at 315, transmitting a third PRS at 320, receiving a second PRS at 325, or any combination thereof.

[0159] For example, the second UE 115-f can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with the transmission of the first PRS across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f. In this regard, the second UE 115-f can determine when and where the first PRS 210 is transmitted by the second UE 115-f. For example, the second UE 115-f can determine a set of transmission times indicating the time when the first PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set. As an example, in the case where the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f includes three transmit antennas, the second UE 115-f can determine a first transmission time when the first PRS is transmitted by the first transmit antenna, a second transmission time when the first PRS is transmitted by the second transmit antenna, and a third transmission time when the first PRS is transmitted by the third transmit antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-f can determine the composite transmission time across the transmit antenna set for the first PRS by combining the first transmission time, the second transmission time, and the third transmission time. The corresponding transmission times can be combined to form composite transmission times using any mathematical operations, formulas or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to average, weighted average, arithmetic average, median, etc.).

[0160] Additionally, the second UE 115-f can determine a composite transmission location associated with transmitting the first PRS across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f. For example, the second UE 115-f can determine a set of locations associated with each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set. For example, in the case where the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f includes three transmit antennas, the second UE 115-f can determine a first location associated with the first transmit antenna, a second location associated with the second transmit antenna, and a third location associated with the third transmit antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-f can determine the composite transmission location across the transmit antenna set for the first PRS by combining the first, second, and third locations. Any mathematical operations, formulas, or algorithms known in the art (including but not limited to average, weighted average, arithmetic average, median, etc.) can be used to combine the corresponding locations to form the composite transmission location.

[0161] Similarly, the second UE 115-f can determine the composite reception time associated with the reception of the second PRS across the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-f in 325. For example, the second UE 115-f can determine a set of reception times indicating the time when the second PRS is received by each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas. As an example, in the case where the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-f includes three receiving antennas, the second UE 115-f can determine a first reception time when the second PRS is received by a first receiving antenna, a second reception time when the second PRS is received by a second receiving antenna, and a third reception time when the second PRS is received by a third receiving antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-f can determine the composite reception time across the set of receiving antennas for the second PRS by combining the first reception time, the second reception time, and the third reception time. Any mathematical operation, formula, or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the corresponding reception times to form the composite reception time.

[0162] Additionally, the second UE 115-f can determine a composite reception location associated with receiving the second PRS across the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-f in 325. For example, the second UE 115-f can determine a set of locations associated with each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas. For example, in the case where the set of receiving antennas of the second UE 115-f includes three receiving antennas, the second UE 115-f can determine a first reception location associated with a first receiving antenna, a second reception location associated with a second receiving antenna, and a third reception location associated with a third receiving antenna. In this example, the second UE 115-f can determine a composite reception location across the set of receiving antennas for the second PRS by combining the first, second, and third reception locations. Any mathematical operation, formula, or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) can be used to combine the respective reception locations to form a composite reception location.

[0163] Similarly, the third UE 115-g can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with the transmission of the third PRS across the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-g of 320. Furthermore, the third UE 115-g can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with the reception of the second PRS across the receive antenna set of the third UE 115-g of 325. As discussed earlier with respect to the second UE 115-f, the third UE 115-g can use any mathematical operation, formula, or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) to determine the composite transmission / reception time and location.

[0164] At 335, the first UE 115-e can receive control messages from the second UE 115-f. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e may receive control messages at 335 based on (e.g., in response to) transmitting a first sidelink transmission at 305, receiving a first PRS at 315, transmitting a second PRS at 325, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the second UE 115-g may transmit control messages at 335 based on determining a composite transmission / reception time and location at 330. In some aspects, the control messages transmitted at 335 may include an indication of the location of the second UE 115-f. The second UE 115-f may transmit control messages at 335 via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e and the second UE 115-f. In some aspects, the second UE 115-f may transmit control messages at 335 via a licensed radio spectrum band. For example, the control messages transmitted at 335 may include ITS messages transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum band.

[0165] In some aspects, the control message may indicate time and location information associated with a first PRS transmitted by the second UE 115-f, a second PRS received by the second UE 115-f, or both. For example, the control message may indicate composite time and location information for a first PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f, a second PRS received using the receive antenna set of the second UE 115-f, or both. For example, the control message may include a composite transmission time associated with transmitting the first PRS across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f at 315, and a composite transmission location associated with transmitting the first PRS across the transmit antenna set of the second UE 115-f at 315. Similarly, the control message may include a composite reception time associated with receiving the second PRS across the receive antenna set of the second UE 115-f at 325, and a composite reception location associated with receiving the second PRS across the receive antenna set of the second UE 115-f at 325. In this regard, the control message may include an indication of when and where the first PRS is transmitted by the second UE 115-f and an indication of when and where the second PRS is received by the second UE 115-f.

[0166] At 340, the first UE 115-e can receive control messages from the third UE 115-g. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e may receive control messages at 340 based on (e.g., in response to) transmitting a second sidelink transmission at 310, receiving a third PRS at 320, transmitting a second PRS at 325, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the third UE 115-g may transmit control messages at 340 based on determining a composite transmission / reception time and location at 330. In some aspects, the control messages transmitted at 340 may include an indication of the location of the third UE 115-g. The third UE 115-g may transmit control messages at 340 via a sidelink communication link between the first UE 115-e and the third UE 115-g. In some aspects, the third UE 115-g may transmit control messages at 340 via a licensed radio spectrum band. For example, the control messages transmitted at 340 may include ITS messages transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum band.

[0167] In some aspects, the control message may indicate time and location information associated with a third PRS transmitted by the third UE 115-g, a second PRS received by the third UE 115-g, or both. For example, the control message may indicate composite time and location information for a third PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-g, a second PRS received using the receive antenna set of the third UE 115-g, or both. For example, the control message may include a composite transmission time associated with the transmission of the third PRS across the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-g at 320, and a composite transmission location associated with the transmission of the third PRS across the transmit antenna set of the third UE 115-g at 320. Similarly, the control message may include a composite reception time associated with the reception of the second PRS across the receive antenna set of the third UE 115-g at 325, and a composite reception location associated with the reception of the second PRS across the receive antenna set of the third UE 115-g at 325. In this regard, the control message may include an indication of when and where the third PRS is transmitted by the third UE 115-g and an indication of when and where the second PRS is received by the third UE 115-g.

[0168] At 345, the first UE 115-e can determine the composite transmission time and location associated with transmitting the second PRS at 325, and the composite reception time and location associated with receiving the first PRS at 315 and receiving the third PRS at 320. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e can determine the composite transmission / reception time and location based on transmitting a first sidelink transmission at 305, transmitting a second sidelink transmission at 310, receiving the first PRS at 315, receiving the third PRS at 320, transmitting the second PRS at 325, receiving control messages at 335 and 340, or any combination thereof.

[0169] For example, the first UE 115-e can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting a second PRS across the transmit antenna set of the first UE 115-e at 325. Similarly, the first UE 115-e can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a first PRS across the receive antenna set of the first UE 115-e at 315. Furthermore, the first UE 115-e can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a third PRS across the receive antenna set of the first UE 115-e at 320. As discussed earlier herein with respect to the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g, the first UE 115-e can use any mathematical operation, formula, or algorithm known in the art (including but not limited to averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic averaging, median, etc.) to determine the composite transmission / reception time and location.

[0170] At 350, the first UE 115-e can determine the propagation time associated with the first PRS, the second PRS transmitted to the second UE 115-f, the second PRS transmitted to the third UE 115-g, the third PRS, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e can determine the propagation time of the corresponding PRS based on the control message received at 335, the control message received at 340, the composite transmission / reception time and location determined at 345, or any combination thereof.

[0171] For example, the first UE 115-e may determine the propagation time based on composite time and location information for a first PRS transmitted by the second UE 115-f, composite time and location information for a first PRS received by the first UE 115-e, composite time and location information for a third PRS transmitted by the third UE 115-g, composite time and location information for a third PRS received by the first UE 115-e, composite time and location information for a second PRS transmitted by the first UE 115-e, composite time and location information for a second PRS received by the second UE 115-f, composite time and location information for a second PRS received by the third UE 115-g, or any combination thereof.

[0172] For example, the first UE 115-e can determine a first propagation time associated with the first PRS based on the composite transmission time associated with the first PRS transmitted by the second UE 115-f at 315 and the composite reception time associated with the first UE 115-e receiving the first PRS at 315. As another example, the first UE 115-e can determine a second propagation time associated with the second PRS based on the composite transmission time associated with the first UE 115-e transmitting the first PRS at 325 and the composite reception time associated with the second UE 115-f receiving the second PRS at 325.

[0173] At 355, the first UE 115-e can estimate the clock calibration error associated with the first UE 115-e's receive antenna set, the first UE 115-e's transmit antenna set, or both. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e can estimate the clock calibration error based on control messages received at 335 and / or 340, determining the composite transmit / receive time and location at 345, or any combination thereof.

[0174] In some respects, determining the composite transmit and receive times can significantly simplify the estimation of clock calibration errors. For example, in some conventional sidelink positioning procedures, multi-antenna UEs may have to estimate clock calibration errors for each individual transmit and receive antenna. This can result in significant computational costs and power consumption. In contrast, by determining the composite transmit and receive times used for transmitting and receiving PRS, the technique described in this paper can reduce the number of clock calibration errors that may be calculated. Furthermore, the number of clock calibration errors can be fixed, and fewer data samples may be required for convergence of clock calibration errors compared to some conventional sidelink positioning procedures.

[0175] At 360, the first UE 115-e can determine its location. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e can determine its location based on control messages received at 335 and / or 340, composite transmission / reception time and location determined at 345, propagation time determined at 350, estimated clock calibration errors(s) at 355, or any combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the first UE 115-e can determine its location based on indications of the locations of the second UE 115-f and the third UE 115-g, respectively, in control messages received at 335 and 340. In some aspects, the first UE 115-e can determine its location at 360 based on the propagation speed of the PRS or an estimated propagation speed (e.g., the speed of light).

[0176] For example, the first UE 115-e can determine its location based on composite time and location information for a first PRS transmitted by the second UE 115-f, composite time and location information for a first PRS received by the first UE 115-e, composite time and location information for a second PRS transmitted by the first UE 115-e, and composite time and location information for a second PRS received by the second UE 115-f. For example, the first UE 115-e can determine its location based on the location of the second UE 115-f, a first propagation time associated with the first PRS from the second UE 115-f to the first UE 115-e, a second propagation time associated with the second PRS from the first UE 115-e to the second UE 115-f, or any combination thereof. The techniques described herein enable the first UE 115-e to perform sidelink positioning procedures to more accurately determine its location. Specifically, by determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, UE115-e can perform sidelink localization without having to signal and calculate individual transmission / reception times and locations for each individual transmit and receive antenna. Therefore, the techniques described herein significantly reduce the complexity of sidelink localization procedures and lower the computational cost of sidelink localization procedures within wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication systems 100 or 200).

[0177] Figure 4 A block diagram 400 of an apparatus 405 supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 405 may be an example of various aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Apparatus 405 may include a receiver 410, a communications manager 415, and a transmitter 420. Apparatus 405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0178] Receiver 410 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 405. Receiver 410 can be a reference... Figure 7 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 720 described. The receiver 410 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0179] Communication manager 415 may: receive a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmit a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both of which include an antenna set; receive from a second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and the composite time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE. Communication manager 415 may also: transmit the first PRS using a set of transmitting antennas; receive a second PRS using a set of receiving antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both of which include an antenna set; and transmit to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the set of transmitting antennas and for the second PRS received using the set of receiving antennas. Communication manager 415 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 710 described herein.

[0180] The actions performed by the communication manager 415 as described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. For example, by determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the communication manager 415 can perform sidelink localization without having to signal and calculate individual transmission / reception times and locations for each individual transmit and receive antenna. Furthermore, by determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the time and location associated with each corresponding transmit and receive antenna can be signaled without being individually, thereby reducing network overhead and the control signaling required to perform sidelink localization procedures.

[0181] By determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the processor of UE 115 (e.g., the processor controlling receiver 410, communication manager 415, transmitter 420, etc.) can reduce processing resources used for sidelink positioning procedures. For example, by determining composite time and location information across the antenna set, the computational cost and complexity associated with sidelink positioning procedures can be significantly reduced, thereby reducing processing resources and power consumption.

[0182] The communication manager 415 or its sub-components may be implemented in hardware, code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 415 or its sub-components may be performed by a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure.

[0183] The communication manager 415 or its subcomponents may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of the functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the communication manager 415 or its subcomponents may be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the communication manager 415 or its subcomponents may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in this disclosure, or combinations thereof.

[0184] Transmitter 420 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 405. In some examples, transmitter 420 may coexist with receiver 410 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 420 may be a reference... Figure 7 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 720 described. The transmitter 420 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0185] Figure 5 A block diagram 500 of an apparatus 505 supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Apparatus 505 may be an example of aspects of apparatus 405 or UE 115 as described herein. Apparatus 505 may include a receiver 510, a communications manager 515, and a transmitter 545. Apparatus 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0186] Receiver 510 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 505. Receiver 510 can be a reference... Figure 7 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 720 described. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0187] Communication manager 515 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 415 as described herein. Communication manager 515 may include PRS receive manager 520, PRS transmit manager 525, control message receive manager 530, side link positioning manager 535, and control message transmit manager 540. Communication manager 515 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 710 as described herein.

[0188] The PRS receiver manager 520 can use a set of receiving antennas to receive the first PRS.

[0189] The PRS transmission manager 525 can transmit a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to a received first PRS, which may include either the set of transmitting antennas or the set of receiving antennas, or both.

[0190] The control message receiving manager 530 can receive control messages from the second UE that indicate the time and location information of the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and the second PRS received at the second UE.

[0191] The sidelink location manager 535 can determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and composite time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

[0192] The PRS transmission manager 525 can use a set of transmitting antennas to transmit the first PRS.

[0193] The PRS receiver manager 520 can receive a second PRS using a set of receiving antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both of which include an antenna set.

[0194] The control message transmission manager 540 can transmit a control message to the first UE indicating composite time and location information for a first PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for a second PRS received using the receive antenna set.

[0195] Transmitter 545 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 505. In some examples, transmitter 545 may coexist with receiver 510 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 545 may be a reference... Figure 7 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 720 described. The transmitter 545 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0196] Figure 6A block diagram 600 of a communication manager 605 supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The communication manager 605 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 415, communication manager 515, or communication manager 710 described herein. The communication manager 605 may include a PRS receiver manager 610, a PRS transmitter manager 615, a control message receiver manager 620, a side link location manager 625, a composite receiver manager 630, a composite received information manager 635, a composite transmitted information manager 640, a UE location manager 645, a side link transmitter manager 650, a clock calibration error manager 655, a control message transmitter manager 660, and a side link receiver manager 665. Each of these modules may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0197] The PRS receiver manager 610 may use a set of receiving antennas to receive a first PRS. In some examples, the PRS receiver manager 610 may use the set of receiving antennas to receive a second PRS in response to a transmitted first PRS; the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both may include an antenna set. In some examples, the PRS receiver manager 610 may use the set of receiving antennas to receive a third PRS from a third UE in response to a second sidelink transmission. In some cases, the set of receiving antennas includes a single receiving antenna. In some cases, the set of receiving antennas includes a set of receiving antennas.

[0198] The PRS transmission manager 615 can transmit a second PRS using a set of transmit antennas, or the set of receive antennas, or both, in response to a received first PRS. In some examples, the PRS transmission manager 615 can use the set of transmit antennas to transmit the first PRS. In some examples, the PRS transmission manager 615 can use the set of transmit antennas to transmit the second PRS to a third UE in response to a received third PRS. In some cases, the set of transmit antennas includes a single transmit antenna. In some cases, the set of transmit antennas includes a set of transmit antennas.

[0199] In some cases, the first PRS, the second PRS, or both are transmitted via unlicensed RF bands, while the control message is transmitted via licensed RF bands. In other cases, the first PRS, the second PRS, the control message, or a combination thereof are transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

[0200] The control message receiving manager 620 can receive control messages from the second UE indicating time and location information for a first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE. In some examples, the control message receiving manager 620 can receive an indication of the location of the second UE via this control message, wherein the location of the first UE is determined based on the indication of the location of the second UE. In some examples, the control message receiving manager 620 can receive additional control messages from a third UE indicating time and location information for a third PRS transmitted by the third UE and for the time and location information of the second PRS received at the third UE, wherein the location of the first UE is determined based on the additional control message received from the third UE. In some cases, the control messages received from the second UE include intelligent transportation system messages.

[0201] The sidelink location manager 625 can determine the location of the first UE based on received control messages and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and a second PRS transmitted by the first UE. In some examples, the sidelink location manager 625 can determine the location of the first UE based on the location of the second UE, a first propagation time, a second propagation time, or any combination thereof.

[0202] The control message transmission manager 660 can transmit a control message to the first UE indicating composite time and location information for a first PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for a second PRS received using the receive antenna set. In some examples, the control message transmission manager 660 can transmit an indication of the location of the second UE via the control message. In some cases, the control message transmitted to the first UE includes intelligent transportation system messages.

[0203] The composite receiver manager 630 can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a first PRS across the set of receiving antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is based on the composite reception time and the composite reception location. The composite receiver information manager 635 can determine, for each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, the time at which the first PRS was received and the location of that receiving antenna. In some examples, the composite receiver information manager 635 can determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS. In some examples, the composite receiver information manager 635 can determine the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the first PRS for the set of receiving antennas. In some examples, the composite receiver information manager 635 can determine the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving a second PRS across the set of receiving antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is based on the composite reception time and the composite reception location.

[0204] In some examples, the composite reception information manager 635 can determine, for each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, the time at which the second PRS is received and the location of that receiving antenna. In some examples, the composite reception information manager 635 can determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS. In some examples, the composite reception information manager 635 can determine the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the second PRS for the set of receiving antennas.

[0205] The composite transmission information manager 640 can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting the second PRS across the transmit antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information is based on the composite transmission time and composite transmission location. In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine a set of transmission times indicating the time when the second PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set. In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS. In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the second PRS for the transmit antenna set.

[0206] In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting the first PRS across the transmit antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information is based on the composite transmission time and composite transmission location. In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine a set of transmission times indicating the time when the first PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the transmit antenna set. In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS.

[0207] In some examples, the composite transmission information manager 640 can determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the first PRS for the set of transmit antennas.

[0208] The UE location manager 645 can determine a first propagation time associated with the first PRS, a second propagation time associated with the second PRS, or both, based on received control messages and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and a second PRS transmitted by the first UE. In some cases, the first UE includes a first vehicle, and the second UE includes a second vehicle or a roadside unit.

[0209] The sidelink transmission manager 650 can transmit a first sidelink transmission to a second UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for a first PRS, a second resource set allocated for a second PRS, or both. In some examples, the sidelink transmission manager 650 can transmit a second sidelink transmission to a third UE, the second sidelink transmission including an indication of a third resource set allocated for a third PRS, a second resource set allocated for a second PRS, or both.

[0210] The clock calibration error manager 655 can estimate the clock calibration error associated with the set of receiving antennas, the set of transmitting antennas, or both, based on control messages received from the second UE, wherein the location of the first UE is determined based on the estimated clock calibration error.

[0211] The sidelink receiver manager 665 can receive a first sidelink transmission from the first UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for a first PRS, a second resource set allocated for a second PRS, or both.

[0212] Figure 7 A diagram of a system 700 including a device 705 supporting techniques for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 705 may be an example of device 405, device 505, or UE 115 as described herein, or a component including the aforementioned devices. Device 705 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 710, an I / O controller 715, a transceiver 720, an antenna 725, a memory 730, and a processor 740. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 745).

[0213] The communication manager 710 may: receive a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmit a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both of which include an antenna set; receive from a second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and the composite time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE. The communication manager 710 may also: transmit the first PRS using a set of transmitting antennas; receive a second PRS using a set of receiving antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both of which include an antenna set; and transmit to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the set of transmitting antennas and for the second PRS received using the set of receiving antennas.

[0214] The I / O controller 715 manages the input and output signals of device 705. The I / O controller 715 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 705. In some cases, the I / O controller 715 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, the I / O controller 715 may utilize an operating system, such as... Or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 715 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 715 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 715 via I / O controller 705 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 715.

[0215] Transceiver 720 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, transceiver 720 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 720 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0216] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 725. However, in other cases, the device may have more than one antenna 725, which may be able to transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0217] Memory 730 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 735, including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 730 may particularly include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0218] Processor 740 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, central processing units (CPUs), microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 740 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 740. Processor 740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 730) to cause device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., supporting various functions or tasks for techniques used to determine location on a side link using multiple antennas).

[0219] Code 735 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of this disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communication. Code 735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, code 735 may not be directly executed by processor 740, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0220] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating a method 800 for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 800 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 800 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0221] In step 805, the UE can use a set of receive antennas to receive the first PRS. Operation of step 805 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of step 805 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS receiver manager is used to perform this.

[0222] In 810, the UE may, in response to a received first PRS, transmit a second PRS using a set of transmit antennas, which may be the set of receive antennas or both. Operation of 810 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 810 may be provided by reference to... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS transfer manager is used to execute this.

[0223] In step 815, the UE can receive from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE. The operation of step 815 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 815 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described control message receiving manager is used to perform this.

[0224] In step 820, the UE can determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and a second PRS transmitted by the first UE. The operation of step 820 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 820 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described sidelink positioning manager is used to perform this.

[0225] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a method 900 for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 900 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 900 can be achieved by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0226] In step 905, the UE can use a set of receive antennas to receive the first PRS. Operation of step 905 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of step 905 can be determined by reference to... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS receiver manager is used to perform this.

[0227] In 910, the UE may, in response to a received first PRS, transmit a second PRS using a transmit antenna set, which may be the transmit antenna set or the receive antenna set, or both. The operation of 910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 910 may be provided by reference to... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS transfer manager is used to execute this.

[0228] In 915, the UE can receive from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE. The operation of 915 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 915 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described control message receiving manager is used to perform this.

[0229] In step 920, the UE can determine the time at which the first PRS is received at each of the receiving antennas in the set of receiving antennas, as well as the location of that receiving antenna. The operation of step 920 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 920 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described composite information receiving manager is used to perform this.

[0230] In step 925, the UE can determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS. The operation of step 925 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 925 can be determined by, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described composite information receiving manager is used to perform this.

[0231] At 930, the UE can determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the first PRS for the set of received antennas. The operation of 930 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 930 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described composite information receiving manager is used to perform this.

[0232] In 935, the UE can determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and a second PRS transmitted by the first UE. The operation of 935 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 935 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described sidelink positioning manager is used to perform this.

[0233] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating a method 1000 for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1000 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1000 can be performed by, as described in reference... Figures 4 to 7 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0234] In step 1005, the UE can use the set of receive antennas to receive the first PRS. The operation of step 1005 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 1005 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS receiver manager is used to perform this.

[0235] In 1010, the UE can transmit a second PRS using a transmit antenna set, or the receive antenna set, or both, in response to a received first PRS. The operation of 1010 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1010 can be determined by reference to... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS transfer manager is used to execute this.

[0236] At 1015, the UE can receive from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE. The operation of 1015 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1015 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described control message receiving manager is used to perform this.

[0237] In step 1020, the UE can determine a set of transmission times indicating the time when the second PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas. The operation of step 1020 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 1020 can be determined by reference to... Figures 4 to 7 The described composite transmission information manager is used to perform this.

[0238] In step 1025, the UE can determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS. The operation of step 1025 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 1025 can be determined as described in reference... Figures 4 to 7 The described composite transmission information manager is used to perform this.

[0239] At 1030, the UE can determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the second PRS for the transmit antenna set. The operation of 1030 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1030 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described composite transmission information manager is used to perform this.

[0240] In step 1035, the UE can determine the location of the first UE based on the received control message and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and a second PRS transmitted by the first UE. The operation of step 1035 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 1035 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described sidelink positioning manager is used to perform this.

[0241] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for determining location on a side link using multiple antennas, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1100 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1100 can be performed by, as described in reference... Figures 4 to 7 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0242] At 1105, the UE can use the transmit antenna set to transmit the first PRS. The operation of 1105 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1105 can be determined by referring to... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS transfer manager is used to execute this.

[0243] At 1110, the UE can receive a second PRS using a set of receiving antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas, the set of receiving antennas, or both of which include an antenna set. The operation of 1110 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1110 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 4 to 7 The described PRS receiver manager is used to perform this.

[0244] At 1115, the UE may transmit a control message to the first UE indicating composite time and location information for a first PRS transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for a second PRS received using the receive antenna set. The operation of 1115 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1115 may be as described in reference... Figures 4 to 7 The described control message sending manager is used to execute this.

[0245] It should be noted that the methods described in this paper describe possible implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods can be combined.

[0246] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0247] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first UE, comprising: receiving a first PRS using a set of receiving antennas; transmitting a second PRS using a set of transmitting antennas in response to the received first PRS, the set of transmitting antennas or the set of receiving antennas or both comprising a plurality of antennas; receiving from the second UE a control message indicating time and location information for the first PRS transmitted by the second UE and for the second PRS received at the second UE; and determining the location of the first UE based at least in part on the received control message and the composite time and location information for the first PRS received at the first UE and for the second PRS transmitted by the first UE.

[0248] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1 further includes: determining a composite reception time and a composite reception location associated with receiving a first PRS across the set of receiving antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is at least partially based on the composite reception time and the composite reception location.

[0249] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein determining the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving the first PRS across the set of receiving antennas includes: determining, for each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, the time at which the first PRS is received and the location of the receiving antenna; determining the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS; and determining the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the first PRS for the set of receiving antennas.

[0250] Aspect 4: The method of any one of Aspects 2 to 3, wherein the set of receiving antennas includes a receiving antenna.

[0251] Aspect 5: The method of any one of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein the set of receiving antennas includes a plurality of receiving antennas.

[0252] Aspect 6: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 5 further includes: determining a composite transmission time and a composite transmission location associated with transmitting a second PRS across the transmit antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information is at least partially based on the composite transmission time and the composite transmission location.

[0253] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein determining the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting the second PRS across the set of transmitting antennas includes: determining a set of transmission times indicating the time when the second PRS is transmitted by each transmitting antenna in the set of transmitting antennas; determining the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS; and determining the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the second PRS for the set of transmitting antennas.

[0254] Aspect 8: The method of any one of Aspects 6 to 7, wherein the set of transmitting antennas includes a transmitting antenna.

[0255] Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 6 to 8, wherein the transmitting antenna set includes a plurality of transmitting antennas.

[0256] Aspect 10: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 9 further includes: receiving an indication of the location of the second UE via the control message, wherein the location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the indication of the location of the second UE.

[0257] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10 further includes: determining, at least in part, a first propagation time associated with the first PRS, a second propagation time associated with the second PRS, or both, based on a received control message and composite time and location information for a first PRS received at the first UE and for a second PRS transmitted by the first UE; and determining, at least in part, the location of the first UE based on the location of the second UE, the first propagation time, the second propagation time, or any combination thereof.

[0258] Aspect 12: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 11 further includes: transmitting a first sidelink transmission to a second UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for a first PRS, a second resource set allocated for a second PRS, or both.

[0259] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12 further includes: transmitting a second sidelink transmission to a third UE, the second sidelink transmission including an indication of a third resource set allocated for a third PRS, a fourth resource set allocated for a fourth PRS, or both.

[0260] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13 further includes: receiving a third PRS from a third UE using the set of receiving antennas in response to a second side link transmission; transmitting a fourth PRS to the third UE using the set of transmitting antennas in response to the received third PRS; and receiving from the third UE an additional control message indicating time and location information for the third PRS transmitted by the third UE and time and location information for the fourth PRS received at the third UE, wherein determining the location of the first UE is based at least in part on the additional control message received from the third UE.

[0261] Aspect 15: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 14 further includes: estimating a clock calibration error associated with the set of receiving antennas, the set of transmitting antennas, or both, based on a control message received from the second UE, wherein the location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the estimated clock calibration error.

[0262] Aspect 16: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the control message received from the second UE includes intelligent transportation system messages.

[0263] Aspect 17: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein the first PRS, the second PRS, or both are transmitted via an unlicensed radio spectrum, and wherein the control message is transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum.

[0264] Aspect 18: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 17, wherein the first PRS, the second PRS, the control message, or a combination thereof are transmitted via a side-link communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

[0265] Aspect 19: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein the first UE includes a first vehicle and the second UE includes a second vehicle or a roadside unit.

[0266] Aspect 20: A method for wireless communication at a second UE, comprising: transmitting a first PRS using a set of transmit antennas; receiving a second PRS using a set of receive antennas in response to the transmitted first PRS, the set of transmit antennas, the set of receive antennas, or both comprising a plurality of antennas; and transmitting to the first UE a control message indicating composite time and location information for the first PRS transmitted using the set of transmit antennas and for the second PRS received using the set of receive antennas.

[0267] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20 further includes: determining a composite reception time and a composite reception location associated with receiving a second PRS across the set of receiving antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is at least partially based on the composite reception time and the composite reception location.

[0268] Aspect 22: The method of aspect 21, wherein determining the composite reception time and composite reception location associated with receiving the second PRS across the set of receiving antennas includes: determining, for each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, the time at which the second PRS is received and the location of the receiving antenna; determining the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second PRS; and determining the average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the second PRS for the set of receiving antennas.

[0269] Aspect 23: The method of any one of Aspects 21 to 22, wherein the set of receiving antennas includes a receiving antenna.

[0270] Aspect 24: The method of any one of Aspects 21 to 23, wherein the set of receiving antennas includes a plurality of receiving antennas.

[0271] Aspect 25: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 24 further includes: determining a composite transmission time and a composite transmission location associated with transmitting the first PRS across the transmit antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least in part on the composite transmission time and the composite transmission location.

[0272] Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, wherein determining the composite transmission time and composite transmission location associated with transmitting the first PRS across the set of transmit antennas includes: determining a set of transmission times indicating the time when the first PRS is transmitted by each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas; determining an average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first PRS; and determining an average location, weighted average location, or arithmetic average location associated with the first PRS for the set of transmit antennas.

[0273] Aspect 27: The method of any one of Aspects 25 to 26, wherein the set of transmitting antennas includes a transmitting antenna.

[0274] Aspect 28: The method of any one of Aspects 25 to 27, wherein the transmitting antenna set includes a plurality of transmitting antennas.

[0275] Aspect 29: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 28 further includes: transmitting an indication of the location of the second UE via the control message.

[0276] Aspect 30: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 29 further includes: receiving a first sidelink transmission from a first UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for a first PRS, a second resource set allocated for a second PRS, or both.

[0277] Aspect 31: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 30, wherein the control message transmitted to the first UE includes intelligent transportation system messages.

[0278] Aspect 32: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 31, wherein the first PRS, the second PRS, or both are transmitted via an unlicensed radio spectrum, and wherein the control message is transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum.

[0279] Aspect 33: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 32, wherein the first PRS, the second PRS, the control message or a combination thereof are transmitted via a side link communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

[0280] Aspect 34: The method of any one of Aspects 20 to 33, wherein the first UE includes a first vehicle and the second UE includes a second vehicle or a roadside unit.

[0281] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method as described in any one of Aspects 1 to 19.

[0282] Aspect 36: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE, comprising at least one means for performing a method as described in any one of aspects 1 to 19.

[0283] Aspect 37: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first UE, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform a method as described in any of Aspects 1 to 19.

[0284] Aspect 38: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second UE, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method as described in any of Aspects 20 to 34.

[0285] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second UE, comprising at least one means for performing a method as described in any of Aspects 20 to 34.

[0286] Aspect 40: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second UE, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform methods as described in any of Aspects 20 to 34.

[0287] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein can also be applied to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques can be applied to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0288] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a wide variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout this description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0289] The various illustrative boxes and components described herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternatives, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0290] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that different parts of the function are implemented at different physical locations.

[0291] Computer-readable media includes both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transient storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then that coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. As used in this article, disk and disc include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, DVDs, floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks often magnetically reproduce data while discs optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of these media are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0292] As used herein (including in the claims), the word "or" in an enumeration of items (e.g., an enumeration of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive enumeration, such that an enumeration of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Similarly, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0293] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, components of the same type may be distinguished by a dash following the reference numeral and a second reference numeral used to differentiate between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0294] This document, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes exemplary configurations but does not represent all examples that can be implemented or fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not imply "superior" or "outperforming" other examples. This detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0295] The description provided herein is intended to enable those skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the universal principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: One or more transceivers; One or more memory units; as well as One or more processors electrically coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being configured to: A first positioning reference signal is received from a second UE on a sidelink communication channel using a set of receiving antennas, the set of receiving antennas comprising multiple antennas; In response to the received first positioning reference signal, a second positioning reference signal is transmitted to the second UE over the side link communication channel using a set of transmitting antennas, the set of transmitting antennas including one or more antennas; Receive from the second UE a control message indicating the time and location information of the first positioning reference signal transmitted by the second UE and the second positioning reference signal received at the second UE; Determine the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the first positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas; as well as The location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the received control messages and composite time and location information for the first positioning reference signal received at the first UE and for the second positioning reference signal transmitted by the first UE, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least on the average reception time and the average reception location.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, To determine the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the first positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas, the one or more processors are configured to: For each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, determine the time when the first positioning reference signal is received at that receiving antenna and the position of that receiving antenna; Determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first positioning reference signal; as well as Determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the first positioning reference signal for the set of receiving antennas.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: Determine the average transmission time and average transmission location associated with transmitting the second positioning reference signal across the set of transmitting antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least in part on the average transmission time and the average transmission location.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, To determine the average transmission time and average transmission location associated with transmitting the second positioning reference signal across the set of transmit antennas, the one or more processors are configured to: Determine a set of transmission times that indicate the time when the second positioning reference signal is transmitted by each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas; Determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second positioning reference signal; as well as Determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the second positioning reference signal for the set of transmitting antennas.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: The location of the second UE is received via the control message, wherein the location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the location of the second UE.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: The first propagation time associated with the first positioning reference signal, the second propagation time associated with the second positioning reference signal, or both, are determined at least in part based on the received control messages and the composite time and location information for the first positioning reference signal received at the first UE and for the second positioning reference signal transmitted by the first UE; and The location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the location of the second UE, the first propagation time, the second propagation time, or any combination thereof.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: A first sidelink transmission is transmitted to the second UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for the first positioning reference signal, a second resource set allocated for the second positioning reference signal, or both.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: A second sidelink transmission is transmitted to a third UE, the second sidelink transmission including an indication of a third resource set allocated for a third positioning reference signal, a fourth resource set allocated for a fourth positioning reference signal, or both.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: The clock calibration error associated with the set of receiving antennas, the set of transmitting antennas, or both is estimated based on the control message received from the second UE, wherein the location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the estimated clock calibration error.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The control messages received from the second UE include intelligent transportation system messages.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first positioning reference signal, the second positioning reference signal, or both are transmitted via an unlicensed radio spectrum, and the control message is transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first positioning reference signal, the second positioning reference signal, the control message, or a combination thereof are transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

13. An apparatus for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE), comprising: One or more transceivers; One or more memory units; as well as One or more processors electrically coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being configured to: A first positioning reference signal is transmitted to a first UE on a sidelink communication channel using a set of transmitting antennas, the set of transmitting antennas including one or more antennas; In response to the transmitted first positioning reference signal, a second positioning reference signal is received from the first UE on the side link communication channel using a set of receiving antennas, the set of receiving antennas including multiple antennas; Determine the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the first positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas; as well as A control message is transmitted to the first UE indicating composite time and location information for the first positioning reference signal transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for the second positioning reference signal received using the receive antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least on the average reception time and the average reception location.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, To determine the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the second positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas, the one or more processors are configured to: For each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, determine the time when the second positioning reference signal is received at that receiving antenna and the position of that receiving antenna; Determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the second positioning reference signal; as well as Determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the second positioning reference signal for the set of receiving antennas.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: Determine the average transmission time and average transmission location associated with transmitting the first positioning reference signal across the set of transmitting antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least in part on the average transmission time and the average transmission location.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein, To determine the average transmission time and average transmission location associated with transmitting the first positioning reference signal across the set of transmit antennas, the one or more processors are configured to: Determine a set of transmission times that indicate the time when the first positioning reference signal is transmitted by each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas; Determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first positioning reference signal; as well as Determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the first positioning reference signal for the set of transmitting antennas.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: The location of the second UE is transmitted via the control message.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: The first sidelink transmission is received from the first UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for the first positioning reference signal, a second resource set allocated for the second positioning reference signal, or both.

19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, The control messages transmitted to the first UE include intelligent transportation system messages.

20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, The first positioning reference signal, the second positioning reference signal, or both are transmitted via an unlicensed radio spectrum, and the control message is transmitted via a licensed radio spectrum.

21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, The first positioning reference signal, the second positioning reference signal, the control message, or a combination thereof are transmitted via a sidelink communication link between the first UE and the second UE.

22. A method for conducting wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: A first positioning reference signal is received from a second UE on a sidelink communication channel using a set of receiving antennas, the set of receiving antennas comprising multiple antennas; In response to the received first positioning reference signal, a second positioning reference signal is transmitted to the second UE over the side link communication channel using a set of transmitting antennas, the set of transmitting antennas including one or more antennas; Receive from the second UE a control message indicating the time and location information of the first positioning reference signal transmitted by the second UE and the second positioning reference signal received at the second UE; Determine the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the first positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas; as well as The location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the received control messages and composite time and location information for the first positioning reference signal received at the first UE and for the second positioning reference signal transmitted by the first UE, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least on the average reception time and the average reception location.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, Determining the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the first positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas includes: For each receiving antenna in the set of receiving antennas, determine the time when the first positioning reference signal is received at that receiving antenna and the position of that receiving antenna; Determine the average time, weighted average time, or arithmetic average time for the first positioning reference signal; and Determine the average position, weighted average position, or arithmetic average position associated with the first positioning reference signal for the set of receiving antennas.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising: Determine the average transmission time and average transmission location associated with transmitting the second positioning reference signal across the set of transmitting antennas, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least in part on the average transmission time and the average transmission location.

25. The method of claim 22, further comprising: The location of the second UE is received via the control message, wherein the location of the first UE is determined at least in part based on the location of the second UE.

26. The method of claim 22, further comprising: A first sidelink transmission is transmitted to the second UE, the first sidelink transmission including an indication of a first resource set allocated for the first positioning reference signal, a second resource set allocated for the second positioning reference signal, or both.

27. A method for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE), comprising: A first positioning reference signal is transmitted to a first UE on a sidelink communication channel using a set of transmitting antennas, the set of transmitting antennas including one or more antennas; In response to the transmitted first positioning reference signal, a second positioning reference signal is received from the first UE on the side link communication channel using a set of receiving antennas, the set of receiving antennas including multiple antennas; Determine the average reception time and average reception location associated with receiving the first positioning reference signal across the set of receiving antennas; as well as A control message is transmitted to a first UE indicating composite time and location information for a first positioning reference signal transmitted using the transmit antenna set and for a second positioning reference signal received using the receive antenna set, wherein the composite time and location information is based at least on the average reception time and the average reception location.

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