Beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed moving scenario and corresponding device

Abstract

The application provides a beam switching method based on a diamond search in a high-speed moving scene and a corresponding device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking all fine beams in a target coarse beam where a current communication fine beam of a receiving end is located and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam as a beam range of the diamond search, determining a first target fine beam corresponding to a first radio frequency chain by using a diamond search mode, and switching a fine beam used by the first radio frequency chain by using the first target fine beam; and based on the first target fine beam, determining fine beams used by other radio frequency chains. The method can reduce a search area and a search times during beam switching, can significantly reduce beam switching complexity, can reduce beam switching time, and can guarantee normal communication quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a beam switching method and corresponding apparatus based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] In B5G (Beyond 5G, the latter 5th generation of mobile communication) and 6G (sixth generation of mobile communication) scenarios, the deployment of ultra-large-scale MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) becomes crucial. With a large number of narrow beams used for communication between base stations and users, the ability to guarantee normal communication when users are moving at high speeds directly impacts the user experience.

[0003] Traditional beam switching solutions are complex and untimely, directly impacting the user's perceived speed. Therefore, achieving low-complexity, fast, and timely beam switching is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in this field.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application is proposed to provide a beam switching method and corresponding apparatus based on diamond search in high-speed moving scenarios that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, including:

[0006] A beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios, the method is applied at a receiving end. When the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal. The method includes:

[0007] The target fine beam set is used to receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitter. The target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiver is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.

[0008] Determine the target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the target fine beam set;

[0009] A diamond search is performed on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiver.

[0010] The first target fine beam is used to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link;

[0011] Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam, determine the second target fine beam corresponding to the other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link;

[0012] The fine beam used by other radio frequency links is switched using the fine beam of the second target fine beam.

[0013] A beam switching device based on diamond search for high-speed mobile scenarios, the device is applied at a receiving end. When the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal. The device includes:

[0014] The pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitting end using a target fine wave beam set. The target fine wave beam set consists of all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.

[0015] The target arrangement pattern determination module is used to determine the target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the target fine beam set;

[0016] The first target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end;

[0017] The first target beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link using the first target fine beam;

[0018] The second target beam determination module is used to determine the second target beam corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end other than the first radio frequency link, based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam;

[0019] The second target beam switching module is used to switch the corresponding fine beam used by other RF links using the second target fine beam switching.

[0020] A beam switching system based on diamond search for high-speed mobile scenarios, characterized in that the system includes a user terminal and a base station;

[0021] The user terminal includes:

[0022] The first pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal sent by the base station using a first target fine beam set. The first target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the first target coarse beam where the user terminal's current communication fine beam is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam.

[0023] The first arrangement diagram determination module is used to determine the first target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the first target fine beam set;

[0024] The first terminal target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the first target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first terminal target fine beam corresponding to the first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal.

[0025] The first terminal beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link by using the first terminal target fine beam;

[0026] The second terminal target beam determination module is used to determine the second terminal target beam corresponding to other terminal radio frequency links of the user terminal other than the first terminal radio frequency link, based on the first target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first terminal target fine beam;

[0027] The second terminal beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the radio frequency link of other terminals corresponding to the target fine beam of the second terminal.

[0028] The second pilot signal transmission module is used to transmit pilot signals to the base station based on the switched fine beam;

[0029] The base station includes:

[0030] The first pilot signal transmitting module is used to transmit pilot signals to the user terminal;

[0031] The second pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal sent by the user terminal using a second target fine beam set. The second target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the second target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the base station is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam.

[0032] The second arrangement pattern determination module is used to determine the second target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the second target fine beam set;

[0033] The first base station target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the second target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first base station target fine beam corresponding to the first base station radio frequency link of the base station;

[0034] The first base station beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link using the target fine beam of the first base station;

[0035] The second base station target beam determination module is used to determine the second base station target beam corresponding to the radio frequency links of the base station other than the first base station radio frequency link, based on the second target beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target beam.

[0036] The second base station beam switching module is used to switch the corresponding fine beam used by other base station radio frequency links using the target fine beam of the second base station.

[0037] An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario as described above.

[0038] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario as described above.

[0039] This application has the following advantages:

[0040] In this embodiment, the receiving end uses a target fine beam set to receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitting end. The target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in the target coarse beam where the receiving end's current communication fine beam is located, and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam. A target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set is determined. A diamond search is performed on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end. The first target fine beam is used to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link. Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam, the second target fine beam corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end (excluding the first radio frequency link) is determined. The second target fine beam is used to switch the fine beam used by the corresponding other radio frequency links. This embodiment determines the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link using a diamond search method, and determines the second target fine beam used by other radio frequency links based on the first target fine beam. This reduces the search area and number of searches during beam switching, significantly reducing beam switching complexity and beam switching time, thereby ensuring normal communication quality. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the description of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the beam in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transceiver structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the communication process between a base station and a user terminal, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a target fine beam arrangement in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the search range of the optimal communication beam for other radio frequency links in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the complexity of the embodiments of this application and the complexity of the traversal search algorithm;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the performance curves of an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of a beam switching device based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] Due to the high loss in the millimeter-wave band, post-5G or 6G communication systems will need to rely on beamforming gain obtained from deploying very large-scale antenna arrays (VMAs) to counteract path loss. With VMAs, base stations and terminals will use narrow beams for communication, and the more antennas there are, the narrower the beamwidth. This means that during communication, base stations and terminals need to find the optimal or near-optimal beam pairs to achieve high spectral efficiency (intuitively, this translates to higher uplink and downlink speeds).

[0053] If a user is stationary or moving slowly, such as at home, in the office, or eating in a restaurant, the channel changes very slowly, allowing ample time for beam searching (finding the optimal communication beam pair between the base station and the user), resulting in a relatively good user experience. However, if the user is moving at high speed, such as while driving or on a high-speed train, the channel characteristics change rapidly, requiring both the base station and the user to perform beam switching to ensure normal communication. In ultra-large-scale MIMO scenarios, more and narrower communication beams mean the base station needs to expend more time and frequency domain resources searching for beams with the user. If beam switching between the base station and the user is not timely, it will lead to a decrease in the user's perceived speed, and in severe cases, service interruption and reduced user satisfaction. Existing solutions cannot meet the low-latency beam switching requirements of real-world systems in ultra-large-scale MIMO scenarios.

[0054] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios. One of the main technical concepts of this application is that by using all the thin beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication thin beam of the receiving end is located, and all the thin beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam, as the beam range for diamond search, a first target thin beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link is determined using a diamond search method. The thin beam used by the first radio frequency link is then switched using the first target thin beam. Simultaneously, based on the first target thin beam, the thin beams used by other radio frequency links are determined. This reduces the search area and number of searches during beam switching, significantly reducing beam switching complexity and time, thereby ensuring normal communication quality.

[0055] To facilitate understanding, the concepts of coarse and fine beams will be introduced before explaining the specific implementation steps. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The diagram illustrates at least a portion of the beam generated by an antenna array. Figure 1 The outermost beam is the coarse beam in a certain direction, and the several beams contained in the coarse beam are the thin beams contained in the corresponding direction of the coarse beam.

[0056] Reference Figure 2 This document illustrates a flowchart of a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, provided by an embodiment of this application. This method is applied to a receiving end; therefore, it can be understood that the executing entity of this method is the receiving end device. When the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal. In this embodiment, the method may include the following steps:

[0057] Step 201: Receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitter using the target fine beam set. The target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiver is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.

[0058] Pilot signals can be understood as reference signals, which are known signals provided by the transmitter to the receiver for channel estimation or channel detection, etc.

[0059] Considering that in highly mobile or ultra-high-speed mobile scenarios, the optimal beam used by each RF link of the receiver may not be in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located, in order to ensure that the final switched beam is the optimal beam, in this embodiment of the application, the receiver uses a target fine beam set composed of all fine beams in the target coarse beam where the receiver's current communication fine beam is located, and all fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam to receive the pilot signal sent by the corresponding transmitter, so as to subsequently determine the optimal beam used by each RF link of the receiver from the target fine beam set.

[0060] The number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam within the target fine beam set can be set according to actual conditions, including by relevant personnel based on experience. For example, the aforementioned target fine beam set can consist of all fine beams in the target coarse beam where the receiver's current communication fine beam is located, as well as all fine beams in the two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.

[0061] Optionally, when the number of thin beams contained in each coarse beam is fixed, the number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam contained in the target thin beam set can be related to the accuracy of a single beam, that is, the accuracy of a single thin beam. Generally, the higher the accuracy of a single thin beam, the greater the number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam; conversely, the lower the accuracy of a single thin beam, the smaller the number of coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.

[0062] Step 202: Determine the target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set.

[0063] After obtaining the target fine beam set at the receiving end, the fine beams in the fine beam set can be logically arranged according to preset rules to obtain the target fine beam arrangement diagram.

[0064] For example, the fine beams in the target fine beam set can be mapped one by one to the grid points of a preset arrangement diagram according to a preset rule to obtain the target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set.

[0065] The preset arrangement diagram is a square grid diagram, and the number of grid points in the preset arrangement diagram is the same as the number of fine beams in the target fine beam set. Furthermore, the grid points in the preset arrangement diagram can be regarded as cyclically shifted points. It can be understood that each grid point in the preset arrangement diagram has 4 adjacent grid points. In this embodiment, two adjacent grid points mean that the distance between the two grid points is equal to the side length of a single square grid.

[0066] In this embodiment, each coarse beam and each fine beam has a corresponding sequence number, which is related to the spatial position of the corresponding beam. For example, when the fine beam set contains three coarse beams (the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiver is located and the two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam), assuming the sequence number of the target coarse beam is 4, then the sequence numbers of the two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam are 3 and 5, respectively; assuming each coarse beam contains 27 fine beams, then the sequence numbers of the 27 fine beams in each coarse beam are 1-27, respectively.

[0067] The above-mentioned method involves mapping the fine beams in the target fine beam set to grid points in a preset arrangement diagram according to preset rules, thereby obtaining the target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set. Specifically, starting from any grid point in the preset arrangement diagram, the fine beams in the fine beam set are mapped to grid points in the preset arrangement diagram in the corresponding sequence number order. That is, two fine beams with adjacent sequence numbers correspond to two adjacent grid points in the preset arrangement diagram, thereby obtaining the target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set.

[0068] In this process, the fine beams concentrated in the fine beam are sequentially mapped to the grid points of a preset arrangement diagram according to their corresponding serial numbers. This can be done either by mapping the beams to the grid points of the preset arrangement diagram in ascending order of serial numbers or by mapping the beams to the grid points of the preset arrangement diagram in descending order of serial numbers.

[0069] Optionally, the grids of the preset arrangement can be numbered, and the fine beams in the target fine beam set can be matched one-to-one with the grids of the preset arrangement according to the grid numbering order and the fine beam sequence number of the target fine beam set to obtain the target fine beam grid diagram.

[0070] Step 203: Perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiver.

[0071] A diamond search method is used to process the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram. The first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiver is determined from the target fine beam arrangement diagram. This first target fine beam is the optimal communication beam for the first radio frequency link.

[0072] In an optional embodiment of this application, the above-described diamond search of the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end may include:

[0073] Randomly select a thin beam from the target thin beam arrangement diagram as the search center, and perform a diamond search on the target thin beam arrangement diagram based on the search center to determine multiple diamond regions in the target thin beam arrangement diagram;

[0074] For each of the rhomboid regions, the spectral efficiency of the thin beams located on the edges of the rhomboid region is calculated to obtain the sum of the spectral efficiencies of the rhomboid regions;

[0075] The rhombus region with the highest spectral efficiency is identified as the target rhombus region;

[0076] The spectral efficiency of each fine beam in the target diamond-shaped region is determined, and the fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency in the target diamond-shaped region is identified as the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end.

[0077] In this embodiment, a fine beam is randomly selected from the target fine beam array as the search center, i.e., a grid point is randomly selected from the target fine beam array as the search center. This search center can be understood as a vertex of a rhombus region or the center point of a rhombus region. A rhombus search is performed on the target fine beam array based on the search center to determine multiple rhombus regions in the target fine beam array. Specifically, taking the search center as a vertex of a rhombus region as an example, based on the shape characteristics of a rhombus, four rhombus regions with the search center as the vertex can be determined. After determining the four rhombus regions, the search can continue using the vertices of each rhombus region as new search centers to continue searching the target fine beam array, ultimately obtaining multiple rhombus regions in the target fine beam array. It should be noted that the determined multiple rhombus regions share at most one edge, and the grid points inside the rhombus regions do not overlap. It can be understood that for a fine beam, when the grid point corresponding to the fine beam is a grid point inside a rhombus region, at most one rhombus region can be determined based on that fine beam.

[0078] To reduce computational load, in an optional embodiment of this application, the rhombus search is specifically a large rhombus search. This means that the determined rhombus region contains multiple grid points, i.e., multiple fine beams. For example, each rhombus region has 8 search points, meaning there are a total of 8 grid points on the edges of each rhombus region, and 5 grid points within each rhombus region. Each grid point corresponds to one fine beam.

[0079] After identifying multiple rhomboid regions in the target fine beam arrangement diagram, the search point for each rhomboid region can be determined, that is, the fine beams on the edge of each rhomboid region can be determined, and the spectral efficiency of each fine beam located on the edge of the rhomboid region can be calculated.

[0080] For each rhomboid region, the spectral efficiency of all the thin beams on the edge of the rhomboid region can be summed to obtain the spectral efficiency of the rhomboid region.

[0081] It should be noted that in the process of calculating the spectral efficiency of the thin beams on the edge of each rhomboid region, the spectral efficiency of the thin beams shared by different rhomboid regions only needs to be calculated once.

[0082] After obtaining the sum of spectral efficiencies for each rhombus region, the highest sum of spectral efficiencies can be determined, and the rhombus region with the highest sum of spectral efficiencies is identified as the target rhombus region.

[0083] After determining the target rhomboid region, it is necessary to calculate the spectral efficiency of each beam within the rhomboid region. Since the spectral efficiency of the beams on the edges of the rhomboid region has already been calculated, it is only necessary to calculate the spectral efficiency of the beams inside the rhomboid region. After obtaining the spectral efficiency of each beam within the rhomboid region, the beam with the highest spectral efficiency can be identified and designated as the first target beam corresponding to the first RF link.

[0084] Step 204: Use the first target fine beam to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link.

[0085] After determining the first target fine beam corresponding to the first RF link, the fine beam used by the first RF link is switched using the first target fine beam, that is, the beam used by the first RF link is switched to the first target fine beam.

[0086] Step 205: Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam, determine the second target fine beam corresponding to the other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link.

[0087] After determining the first target beam for the first RF link, the second target beams for other RF links can be determined based on the target beam arrangement diagram and the first target beam. In other words, after determining the first target beam, its specific position in the target beam arrangement diagram can be obtained. Then, based on the specific position information of the first target beam and the position information of other beams in the target beam arrangement diagram, the second target beams for other RF links can be determined. It can be understood that the second target beam for each other RF link is the optimal communication beam for that other RF link.

[0088] The receiving end can have multiple radio frequency (RF) links, such as two or four. Each RF link has a corresponding link sequence. For example, when there are two RF links, they are the first RF link and the second RF link, which can be understood as the link sequence of the first RF link being 1 and the link sequence of the second RF link being 2. When there are four RF links, they are the first RF link, the second RF link, the third RF link, and the fourth RF link, which can be understood as the link sequence of the first RF link being 1, the link sequence of the second RF link being 2, the link sequence of the third RF link being 3, and the link sequence of the fourth RF link being 4. In the embodiments of this application, the optimal communication beam of each RF link can be determined sequentially according to the link sequence, that is, the second target fine beam corresponding to each other RF link can be determined sequentially according to the link sequence.

[0089] In an optional embodiment of this application, determining the second target fine beam corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam includes:

[0090] Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram, determine the spectral efficiency of candidate fine beams within a preset range of the first target fine beam;

[0091] Determine the other radio frequency links in the current link order according to the link order of the other radio frequency links;

[0092] For other RF links in the current link sequence, the target candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the remaining candidate fine beams is determined as the second target fine beam for the other RF links in the current link sequence, and the target candidate fine beam is removed from the candidate fine beams;

[0093] If there are other RF links for which the second target fine beam has not been determined, then return to the step of determining the other RF links in the current link order according to the link order of the other RF links and continue execution.

[0094] In this embodiment, based on the position of the first target fine beam in the target fine beam arrangement diagram, candidate fine beams within a preset range in the diagram can be determined, and the spectral efficiency of each candidate fine beam can be calculated. If the spectral efficiency of a candidate fine beam has already been calculated during the determination of the first target fine beam, it does not need to be calculated again. In the example, the preset range can be a region consisting of four square grids with the grid point corresponding to the first target fine beam as the vertex, or it can be a region consisting of 16 square grids centered on the grid point corresponding to the first target fine beam, etc., which can be determined according to actual needs.

[0095] After obtaining the spectral efficiency of each candidate fine beam, the second target fine beam corresponding to each other radio frequency link is determined in sequence according to the link order of other radio frequency links.

[0096] Specifically, since the other RF links are RF links other than the first RF link, the link order of the other RF links starts from 2. That is, initially, the other RF links in the current link order are the second RF links. At this time, the remaining candidate fine beams are all the candidate fine beams. The target candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency is determined as the second target fine beam corresponding to the second RF link; at the same time, the target candidate fine beam is deleted from the candidate fine beams.

[0097] If there are four RF links, including the second, third, and fourth RF links, there are still other RF links for which the second target beam has not yet been determined. Therefore, we continue to determine the other RF links in the current link order. In this case, the other RF link in the current link order is the third RF link. At this point, the remaining candidate beams do not include the second target beam corresponding to the second RF link. The candidate beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the remaining candidate beams is designated as the target candidate beam, and this target candidate beam is determined as the second target beam corresponding to the third RF link. Simultaneously, this target candidate beam is removed from the candidate beam list. Similarly, the second target beams corresponding to the remaining other RF links can be determined.

[0098] It is understood that in this embodiment, the candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency is selected from the currently available candidate fine beams according to the link order of other RF links, and is used as the second target fine beam corresponding to other RF links in the current link order. Here, the currently available candidate fine beams refer to the fine beams other than those that have been determined as the second target fine beams corresponding to other RF links.

[0099] This embodiment determines the second target fine beam corresponding to other radio frequency links within the preset range of the first target fine beam, requiring only one calculation, which can improve the efficiency of determining the optimal communication beam.

[0100] In another optional embodiment of this application, determining the second target fine beam corresponding to the other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam includes:

[0101] Based on the link order of the other radio frequency links, determine the other radio frequency links in the current link order; the current link order starts from 2;

[0102] Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram, determine the target fine beam corresponding to the radio frequency link in the previous link sequence and the spectral efficiency of the candidate fine beams within a preset range; the target fine beam includes a first target fine beam and a second target fine beam.

[0103] The target thin beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the candidate thin beams is determined as the second target thin beam for other RF links in the current link sequence.

[0104] In this embodiment, since the other radio frequency links are radio frequency links other than the first radio frequency link, the link order of the other radio frequency links starts from 2. That is, initially, the current link order is 2. At this time, the radio frequency link of the previous link order is recorded as the first radio frequency link, and the target fine beam corresponding to the radio frequency link of the previous link order is the first target fine beam.

[0105] Based on the position of the first target fine beam in the target fine beam arrangement diagram, candidate fine beams within a preset range in the diagram can be determined, and the spectral efficiency of each candidate fine beam can be calculated. If the spectral efficiency of a candidate fine beam has already been calculated during the determination of the first target fine beam, it does not need to be calculated again. In the example, the preset range can be a region consisting of four square grids with the grid point corresponding to the first target fine beam as the vertex, or it can be a region consisting of 16 square grids centered on the grid point corresponding to the first target fine beam, etc., which can be determined according to actual needs.

[0106] The candidate thin beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the candidate thin beams is determined as the second target thin beam for the second RF link.

[0107] After the optimal communication beam for the second RF link is determined, the current link sequence is 3. At this time, the other RF links in the current link sequence are the third RF link, the RF links in the previous link sequence are the second RF link, and the target fine beam corresponding to the RF link in the previous link sequence is the second target fine beam of the second RF link.

[0108] Similar to the process described above of determining the spectral efficiency of candidate beams within a preset range for the first target beam based on the target beam arrangement diagram, the spectral efficiency of candidate beams corresponding to the second target beam of the second RF link can be determined, and the target candidate beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the candidate beams corresponding to the second target beam of the second RF link can be determined as the second target beam of the third RF link; similarly, the second target beams of the remaining other RF links can be determined.

[0109] It is understood that in this embodiment, the best communication beams of other radio frequency links in the current link sequence are searched by taking the best communication beams corresponding to the radio frequency links of the previous link sequence as the center, which can improve the accuracy of the determined best communication beams.

[0110] Step 206: Use the second target fine beam to switch the fine beam used by other radio frequency links.

[0111] After determining the second target fine beam corresponding to each other RF link, the beam used by each other RF link is switched to the corresponding second target fine beam.

[0112] Furthermore, the above method may also include:

[0113] Signals are transmitted to the corresponding transmitting end based on the first target fine beam and the second target fine beam.

[0114] It is understandable that after the receiving end switches the beams used by each radio frequency link to the corresponding optimal communication beam determined by the above steps, the receiving end uses the switched beam for subsequent communication.

[0115] The receiving end in this embodiment receives the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitting end by using a target fine beam set. The target fine beam set consists of all fine beams in the target coarse beam where the receiving end's current communication fine beam is located, and all fine beams in at least two adjacent coarse beams of the target coarse beam. The receiving end determines a target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set; performs a diamond search on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end; switches the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link using the first target fine beam; and, based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam, determines the second target fine beams corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link; and switches the fine beams used by the corresponding other radio frequency links using the second target fine beam. This reduces the search area and number of searches during beam switching, significantly reduces beam switching complexity and time, thereby ensuring normal communication quality.

[0116] Based on any of the above embodiments, this application provides a beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios. In this application embodiment, the method may include the following steps:

[0117] The base station sends pilot signals to the user terminal;

[0118] The user terminal receives the pilot signal sent by the base station using a first target fine beam set. The first target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the first target coarse beam where the user terminal's current communication fine beam is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam.

[0119] The user terminal determines the first target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the first target fine beam set;

[0120] The user terminal performs a diamond search on the fine beams in the first target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first terminal target fine beam corresponding to the first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal.

[0121] The user terminal uses the first terminal target fine beam to switch the fine beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link;

[0122] The user terminal determines the second terminal target fine beam corresponding to other terminal radio frequency links besides the first terminal radio frequency link based on the first target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first terminal target fine beam;

[0123] The user terminal uses the fine beams used by other terminal radio frequency links corresponding to the second terminal target fine beam switching;

[0124] The user terminal sends pilot signals to the base station based on the switched fine beam;

[0125] The base station uses a second target fine beam set to receive the pilot signal sent by the user terminal. The second target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the second target coarse beam where the base station's current communication fine beam is located, as well as all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam.

[0126] The base station determines the second target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the second target fine beam set;

[0127] The base station performs a diamond search on the fine beams in the second target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first base station target fine beam corresponding to the first base station radio frequency link of the base station;

[0128] The base station uses the target fine beam of the first base station to switch the fine beam used by the radio frequency link of the first base station;

[0129] The base station determines the second base station target fine beams corresponding to the radio frequency links of the other base station radio frequency links besides the first base station radio frequency link based on the second target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target fine beam;

[0130] The base station uses the fine beams used by other base station radio frequency links corresponding to the target fine beam switching of the second base station.

[0131] To facilitate the distinction between the radio frequency (RF) link of the user terminal and the RF link of the base station, in this embodiment, the RF link of the user terminal is referred to as the terminal RF link, and the RF link of the base station is referred to as the base station RF link. Specifically, the beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios provided in this embodiment includes achieving optimal communication beam switching on both the user terminal side and the base station side. The process of achieving optimal communication beam switching between the user terminal and the base station is the same as that of the beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios provided in any of the above embodiments. For details, please refer to the foregoing description, which will not be repeated here.

[0132] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of this application are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of this application.

[0133] The method in any of the above embodiments is further illustrated below with a specific example:

[0134] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a transceiver structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, this application embodiment takes an analog-digital hybrid processing downlink single-cell system with a partially connected structure as an example. It should be noted that this application embodiment is not limited to scenarios where the transmitting and receiving parties adopt a partially linked structure, but is also applicable to scenarios where the transmitting and receiving parties adopt a fully connected structure. In this example, only an analog-digital hybrid processing downlink single-cell system with a partially connected structure is used for illustration.

[0135] The transmitting base station mainly consists of a digital precoding section at the back end of the radio frequency link and an analog precoding section at the front end of the radio frequency link; the receiving terminal, i.e., the user terminal, mainly consists of an analog combining section at the front end of the link and a digital combining section at the back end of the radio frequency link. N is deployed on the base station side. BS The antenna is connected to M in a partially connected manner. BS Each radio frequency link serves a single terminal, and each radio frequency link connects N. RF_BS One antenna; the receiver is equipped with N antennas. MS The antenna is connected to M in the same way. MS On each of the RF links, N are connected.RF_MS One antenna, supporting the transmission of N during communication. s Data streams (N) s ≥1).

[0136] At the transmitting end (base station side), the dimension is N. s The complex symbol s of ×1 first passes through a dimension of M. BS ×N s The baseband (digital) precoding matrix F BB Perform digital precoding, and then pass through a dimension of N BS ×M BS Radio frequency (analog) precoding matrix F RF After performing analog precoding, it can be obtained from N BS The antenna transmits in beam form. Therefore, the complex signal transmitted at the transmitting end (base station side) can be obtained from equation (1-1):

[0137] x = F RF F BB s (1-1)

[0138] Among them, the transmitted signal s must satisfy ρ represents the average transmission power.

[0139] At the receiving end (terminal side), N MS The signal received by the antenna first passes through a dimension of N MS ×M MS RF (analog) combiner W RF Perform simulated merging when the received signal passes through a dimension of M MS ×N s Baseband (digital) combiner W BB After digital merging, the data sent by the transmitter can be obtained. The received data y can be given by the following formula:

[0140]

[0141] Where H is a dimension of N MS ×N BS The channel matrix, where the equivalent baseband channel of the terminal is defined as follows. n is additive white Gaussian noise with a mean of 0 and a variance of σ. 2 The complex Gaussian distribution.

[0142] In a partially connected structure, F RF It is a matrix with a special diagonal matrix structure, specifically expressed as in i∈{1,…,M BS} represents the non-zero precoding weighting vector of the i-th subarray of the base station. Since the analog precoder cannot adjust the amplitude of the transmitted signal and is limited by power, F RF Each element in must satisfy j∈{1,…,N RF_BS},and ‖·‖ F It is the Frobenius norm.

[0143] Similarly, in i∈{1,…,M MS} represents the non-zero merged weighted vector of the i-th subarray of the user. RF Each element in must satisfy

[0144] The hybrid beamformer consists of the digital precoding matrix F of the baseband mentioned above. BB / Merge matrix W BB and the analog precoding matrix F at the radio frequency end RF / Merge matrix W RF Composition. The design of hybrid beamformers typically follows a two-step approach: first, designing the transmitting analog precoding matrix F based on the actual channel H. RF And the receiving end simulation merging matrix W RF Then, based on the equivalent baseband channel Design the starting digital precoding matrix F BB and receiving end digital merging matrix W BB Simulated precoding matrix F RF With the merged matrix W RF The design typically employs a codebook-based beamforming search method, where multiple codebooks can be used. For example, the analog precoder and combiner traverse a predetermined set of beamforming codebooks, selecting the optimal beamforming vector combination and optimal combining vector combination that maximize spectral efficiency to construct the analog precoding matrix and analog combining matrix, respectively. The beamforming codebook set used in this application can be a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) codebook, where the weighting coefficient Q of the nth antenna in the m-th codeword is... m,n As given by equation (1-3):

[0145]

[0146] Where M is the number of codewords, N is the number of antennas connected to each radio frequency link, and the codebook set is the set containing all codewords in the codebook; here, the number of codewords is equal to the number of antennas. The base station has a total of N codewords. RF_BS There are N code words, and the user's codebook has a total of N. RF_MS Each code character.

[0147] Determining the analog precoding and merging matrix is ​​one of the challenges in beam search. Therefore, this application provides a beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios to determine the analog beamforming matrix based on the switched beam.

[0148] This application provides a beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios, where the transmitting and receiving parties can adopt a partially connected structure. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the communication process between a base station and a user terminal provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the main communication process between the base station and the user terminal mainly includes two stages: the first stage is to determine the analog merging matrix W. RF and the analog precoding matrix F RF The second phase uses the predetermined W. RF / F RF To conduct communication.

[0149] The first phase may further include the following main steps:

[0150] The base station transmits reference signals omnidirectionally to the user terminal;

[0151] The user terminal uses a diamond search to determine the optimal switching beam for the first RF link, i.e., the first terminal target fine beam; the optimal switching beams for other terminal RF links are obtained by searching in the vicinity of this optimal switching beam, thus determining the analog combining matrix W. RF ;

[0152] The user terminal uses the optimal analog beam to send a reference signal to the base station in a directional manner;

[0153] The base station uses a diamond search to determine the optimal handover beam for the first base station radio frequency link, i.e., the first base station target fine beam; the optimal handover beams for other base station radio frequency links are obtained by searching in the vicinity of this optimal handover beam, thus determining the analog precoding matrix F. RF .

[0154] Among them, in determining the simulation merging matrix W RFDuring the process, the user terminal can execute a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario provided in the above embodiments. In a specific example, it can be summarized as follows: the base station sends a reference signal to the user terminal, and the user terminal receives the signal using the coarse beam containing the current communication fine beam and two adjacent coarse beams. The coarse beam contains multiple fine beams. A diamond search is performed among these fine beams to determine the switching fine beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link, also known as the optimal communication fine beam of the first terminal radio frequency link, i.e., the first terminal target fine beam. Subsequently, other terminal radio frequency links search in the vicinity of the optimal communication fine beam determined by the first terminal radio frequency link to determine the optimal switching fine beam used by all terminal radio frequency links.

[0155] Taking two terminal radio frequency links as an example: the base station sends pilot signals to the user terminal, and the user terminal receives the signals using the coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located and the two adjacent coarse beams. It then performs a diamond search in the fine beams contained in these coarse beams to determine the switching fine beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link, which is the first terminal target fine beam.

[0156] This application primarily considers high-speed or ultra-high-speed mobile scenarios. In addition to considering the coarse beam where the current fine beam is located, this application also considers coarse beams in two adjacent directions. For example, assuming the coarse beam number where the current user terminal's communication fine beam is located is 4, a diamond search is performed among all the fine beams in the three coarse beams numbered 3, 4, and 5.

[0157] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the diamond search is given. Figure 5 This can be understood as an example of a target fine beam arrangement. The grid points from (1,1) to (9,9) in the diagram represent fine beams with different indices within the coarse beams numbered 3, 4, and 5. Each grid point in the diagram represents a fine beam in a specific direction. Figure 5 The grid in the diagram is merely a schematic representation to illustrate the search algorithm and its description. When using this algorithm in a live network, the thin beams can be logically arranged by sequence number; for example, they can be arranged according to their sequence number from... Figure 5 Points (1,1) to (9,9) are arranged sequentially. Regardless of the arrangement, this is a logical arrangement of the fine beams, solely for recording algorithm results and external demonstration. It is independent of user hardware and requires no hardware modifications; the algorithm can be implemented with software upgrades and is applicable to live network communications. When using this algorithm in a live network, only beams in different directions need to be used to receive reference signals. Furthermore, this grid display method simultaneously considers the fine beams within multiple coarse beams for beam switching, i.e., jointly considering all fine beams. This allows for rapid identification of switching directions with higher spectral efficiency, followed by further refinement of the search in the high-spectral-efficiency region. Nested loops are unnecessary, resulting in lower complexity.

[0158] As shown in the figure Figure 5 The point (x, y) in the diagram represents the communication beam randomly selected from the first terminal radio frequency link. The diamond search is as follows:

[0159] 1. Using (x, y) as the search center, use the communication thin beams corresponding to the solid points in the figure to receive the reference signal and calculate the spectral efficiency of the thin beams at each grid point.

[0160] 2. Calculate the spectral efficiency of each rhombus region using the rhombus as the unit. Figure 5 The points in the algorithm can be considered as cyclically shifted points, i.e., the point to the left of point (1, 1) is (1, 9). Therefore, the random selection of point (x, y) does not affect the search performance of this algorithm. It should be noted that for the case where multiple rhombuses share the same side, the spectral efficiency of the thin beam on the shared side only needs to be calculated once.

[0161] 3. Select the diamond-shaped region with the highest spectral efficiency. This region is the target area with the highest spectral efficiency during beam switching, i.e., the target diamond-shaped region. Searching point-by-point within this region will find the communication beam with the highest spectral efficiency for the first terminal RF link. It should be noted that although searching point-by-point within the target diamond-shaped region is necessary to find the optimal communication beam for the first terminal RF link, the overall complexity is low due to the small size of the diamond-shaped region. The complexity will be analyzed later.

[0162] After the first terminal RF link determines the optimal communication beam, the second terminal RF link searches around that optimal beam. For example... Figure 6 As shown, assuming the optimal communication beam determined by the first terminal RF link is (x1, y1), then the second terminal RF link in Figure 6 The beam position corresponding to the black dot is searched, and the beam with the highest spectral efficiency is selected for subsequent communication. Thus, W... RF It has been confirmed.

[0163] Among them, in the analog precoding matrix F RFDuring the process, the base station can execute a beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario provided in the above embodiments. In a specific example, it can be summarized as follows: the user terminal sends a pilot signal to the base station using the optimal communication beam after switching; the base station receives the signal using the coarse beam containing the current fine communication beam and two adjacent coarse beams, where the coarse beam contains multiple fine beams; a diamond search is performed among these fine beams to determine the switching fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link, also known as the optimal communication fine beam of the first base station radio frequency link, i.e., the first base station target fine beam. Subsequently, other base station radio frequency links search in the vicinity of the optimal communication fine beam determined by the first base station radio frequency link to determine the optimal switching fine beam used by all base station radio frequency links.

[0164] Taking two base station radio frequency links as an example: the user terminal sends a reference signal to the base station using the best communication beam after the handover. The base station receives the signal using the coarse beam where the current communication fine beam is located and the two adjacent coarse beams. It then performs a diamond search in the fine beams contained in these coarse beams to determine the handover fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link, which is the first base station target fine beam.

[0165] For example, assuming that the coarse beam number of the current base station's communication fine beam is 6, then a diamond search is performed on all the fine beams in the three coarse beams numbered 5, 6, and 7.

[0166] Since the beam switching process is basically similar on the base station side and the user terminal side, this embodiment can continue to use... Figure 5 For example, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the diamond search is given. Figure 5 This can be understood as a target fine beam arrangement diagram. The grid points from (1,1) to (9,9) in the diagram represent fine beams with different indices within the coarse beams numbered 5, 6, and 7. Each grid point in the diagram represents a fine beam in a specific direction. Figure 5 The grid in the diagram is merely a schematic representation to illustrate the search algorithm and its description. When using this algorithm in a live network, the thin beams can be logically arranged by sequence number; for example, they can be arranged according to their sequence number from... Figure 5 Points (1,1) to (9,9) are arranged sequentially. Regardless of the arrangement, this is a logical arrangement of the fine beams, solely for recording algorithm results and external demonstration. It is independent of user hardware and requires no hardware modifications; the algorithm can be implemented with software upgrades and is applicable to live network communications. When using this algorithm in a live network, only beams in different directions need to be used to receive reference signals. Furthermore, this grid display method simultaneously considers the fine beams within multiple coarse beams for beam switching, i.e., jointly considering all fine beams. This allows for rapid identification of switching directions with higher spectral efficiency, followed by further refinement of the search in the high-spectral-efficiency region. Nested loops are unnecessary, resulting in lower complexity.

[0167] As shown in the figure Figure 5 The point (x, y) in the diagram represents a communication beam randomly selected from the first base station radio frequency link. The diamond search is as follows:

[0168] 1. Using (x, y) as the search center, use the communication thin beams corresponding to the solid points in the figure to receive the reference signal and calculate the spectral efficiency of the thin beams at each grid point.

[0169] 2. Calculate the spectral efficiency of each rhombus region using the rhombus as the unit. Figure 5 The points in the algorithm can be considered as cyclically shifted points, i.e., the point to the left of point (1, 1) is (1, 9). Therefore, the random selection of point (x, y) does not affect the search performance of this algorithm. It should be noted that for the case where multiple rhombuses share the same side, the spectral efficiency of the thin beam on the shared side only needs to be calculated once.

[0170] 3. Select the diamond-shaped region with the highest spectral efficiency. This region is the target area with the highest spectral efficiency during beam switching, i.e., the target diamond-shaped region. Searching point-by-point within this region will find the communication beam with the highest spectral efficiency for the first base station RF link. It should be noted that although searching point-by-point within the target diamond-shaped region is necessary to find the optimal communication beam for the first base station RF link, the overall complexity is low due to the small size of the diamond-shaped region. The complexity will be analyzed later.

[0171] After the first base station radio frequency link determines the optimal communication beam, the second base station radio frequency link searches around that optimal beam. For example... Figure 6 As shown, assuming the optimal communication beam determined by the first base station radio frequency link is (x1, y1), then the second base station radio frequency link in Figure 6 The beam position corresponding to the black dot is searched, and the beam with the highest spectral efficiency is selected for subsequent communication. Thus, F... RF It has been confirmed.

[0172] The following section analyzes the algorithm complexity of the beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0173] For ultra-large-scale MIMO, a beam search and switching method combining coarse and fine beams is often adopted. The larger the number of antennas, the more coarse beams and fine beams are in the coarse beams. Traditional beam switching schemes need to first search for and determine the optimal coarse beam, and then determine the optimal fine beam from the optimal coarse beam.

[0174] Since the algorithm is a closed expression with no complexity, this application analyzes its complexity from two perspectives: first, the complexity in actual simulation.

[0175] Figure 7 The algorithm of this application embodiment and the search number of the traversal search algorithm are shown. In order to avoid the influence of randomness, the search number is the average of the search number of 1000 independent searches. The search number of each independent search is calculated from the initial search at the time of switching. The search number is incremented by one for each beam search, and the search continues until the optimal switching beam is found. The search number is then recorded and saved. This search is counted as one independent search.

[0176] By recording the number of searches in 1000 independent searches using the method described above and taking the average, we can obtain... Figure 7 The algorithm search complexity, i.e., the number of searches, is shown in the graph. The number of searches for the traversal search is 59049, and the number of searches for the diamond search is 57. Due to the high complexity of the traversal search, the complexity of the diamond search is almost invisible in the graph.

[0177] It is evident that, compared to beam switching using an traversal search scheme, the beam switching scheme provided in this application reduces complexity by 99.9%.

[0178] Next Figure 5 For example, let's illustrate the complexity of the diamond search from another perspective. For ease of explanation, Figure 5 This can be understood as a schematic diagram of the base station side, using the handover search complexity on the base station side as an example for description. Figure 5 In the first RF link, determining the diamond-shaped region with the highest spectral efficiency requires 28 searches, and determining the beam direction with the highest spectral efficiency within the diamond-shaped region requires 5 searches. Therefore, the number of searches to determine the optimal switching beam for the first RF link is 28 + 5 = 33. For the second RF link, as... Figure 5 As shown, the switching beam of the second RF link can be determined by searching its vicinity 8 times, with the optimal switching beam determined by the first RF link as the center.

[0179] It's important to note that the 8 here represents the theoretical maximum. During the search on the first RF link, since some beam directions have already been searched, the results reflected in... Figure 6 Some of the black dots have already been searched when searching for the first optimal RF switching beam. Therefore, the second RF link does not need to be searched 8 times to determine the optimal switching beam. However, to consider the scenario with the largest number of searches, this example calculates it as 8 times. Thus, the complexity of the diamond search is 33 searches for the first RF link switching beam plus 8 searches for the second RF link switching beam, for a total of 41 searches.

[0180] We used the optimal traversal search as the complexity comparison. In this example, considering communication scenarios such as B5G and 6G, and given the higher frequency bands expected in the future, a higher number of antennas was used for a more forward-looking approach. Figure 5 In the diagram, there are three coarse beams used for beam switching, each containing 27 fine beams. When using an traversal search for beam switching, the optimal coarse beam for switching must first be determined. This involves selecting the beam with the highest spectral efficiency from the coarse beam containing the current communication fine beam and its adjacent coarse beams, requiring three searches. In determining the optimal coarse beam for switching, the search for the optimal fine beam for switching is performed within that coarse beam. Similar to the previous analysis, the traversal search scheme is also illustrated using the base station-side search complexity as an example. The number of searches on the base station side is... Where N BS It is 27, M BS The complexity is 2, meaning the complexity of the base station-side traversal search is 2^7. 2 = 729 searches, plus 3 searches needed to determine the optimal switching coarse beam, so a total of 729 + 3 = 732 searches are needed.

[0181] The above analysis shows that, taking base station-side search as an example, the diamond-shaped search handover scheme requires only 41 searches, while the traversal search handover scheme requires 732 searches, reducing complexity by 94.4%. It's important to note that the search complexity of the diamond search on the user side and the base station side is additive, and the number of searches on the user side is less than that on the base station side, resulting in lower overall complexity. If traversal search is used for beam handover, the number of searches on the user side must be multiplied by the number of searches on the base station side, leading to higher complexity. Therefore, the diamond-shaped search beam handover scheme has a significant advantage in terms of search complexity during beam handover.

[0182] Figure 8 The performance curves for the proposed solution are shown. Based on the preceding analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed solution achieves near-optimal system performance with relatively low complexity, and the search complexity is lower due to prioritizing the search of regions with higher spectral efficiency.

[0183] Under the same configuration, the existing beam switching scheme requires first searching and determining the best coarse beam, and then determining the best fine beam from the best coarse beam. The scheme is complex and has a long search delay, which will cause users to be unable to use the best beam for communication and reduce the data rate.

[0184] This application embodiment searches for fine beams from multiple coarse beams on both the base station and user side, and employs a diamond-shaped search-based switching scheme to quickly lock onto high spectral efficiency directions, shortening the time to determine the optimal communication beam. Compared to traversal search beam switching schemes, it reduces algorithm complexity by 99.9%, while maintaining performance close to the optimal system. The user's intuitive experience is consistently high transmission rates, resulting in a high perceived efficiency. The more base station antennas there are, the more pronounced the effect of this application embodiment becomes, and it can be deployed on base stations with various channel numbers.

[0185] Reference Figure 9 This diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a beam switching device based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, corresponding to the method embodiment described above. This device is applied at the receiving end; when the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding transmitting end is a base station; when the receiving end is a base station, the corresponding transmitting end is a user terminal. In this embodiment, the device may include the following modules:

[0186] The pilot signal receiving module 901 is used to receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitting end using a target fine beam set. The target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam.

[0187] The target arrangement pattern determination module 902 is used to determine the target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the target fine beam set;

[0188] The first target beam determination module 903 is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end.

[0189] The first target beam switching module 904 is used to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link using the first target fine beam;

[0190] The second target beam determination module 905 is used to determine the second target beam corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end other than the first radio frequency link, based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam;

[0191] The second target beam switching module 906 is used to switch the corresponding fine beam used by other radio frequency links using the second target fine beam switching.

[0192] Optionally, the first target beam determination module 903 includes:

[0193] The rhombus region determination submodule is used to randomly select a thin beam from the target thin beam arrangement diagram as the search center, and perform a rhombus search on the target thin beam arrangement diagram based on the search center to determine multiple rhombus regions in the target thin beam arrangement diagram;

[0194] The spectral efficiency and calculation submodule is used to calculate the spectral efficiency of all thin beams located on the edges of the rhombus region for each rhombus region, and obtain the spectral efficiency of the rhombus region.

[0195] The target rhombus region determination submodule is used to determine the rhombus region with the highest spectral efficiency as the target rhombus region;

[0196] The first fine beam determination submodule is used to determine the spectral efficiency of each fine beam in the target diamond region, and to determine the fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency in the target diamond region as the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end.

[0197] Optionally, the target arrangement diagram determination module 902 is used to map the fine beams in the target fine beam set to the grid points of the preset arrangement diagram according to preset rules, so as to obtain the target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set.

[0198] Optionally, the second target beam determination module 905 includes:

[0199] The first determining submodule is used to determine the spectral efficiency of candidate fine beams within a preset range of the first target fine beam according to the target fine beam arrangement diagram;

[0200] The second determining submodule is used to determine the other radio frequency links in the current link order according to the link order of the other radio frequency links;

[0201] The third determining submodule is used to determine the target candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the remaining candidate fine beams for other radio frequency links in the current link sequence as the second target fine beam for other radio frequency links in the current link sequence, and delete the target candidate fine beam from the candidate fine beams;

[0202] The return submodule is used to return to the step of determining the current link order of other RF links according to the link order of the other RF links if there are other RF links for which the second target fine beam has not been determined.

[0203] Optionally, the second target beam determination module 905 includes:

[0204] The fourth determining submodule is used to determine the other radio frequency links in the current link order according to the link order of the other radio frequency links; the current link order starts from 2;

[0205] The fifth determining submodule is used to determine the spectral efficiency of the target fine beam and the candidate fine beam within a preset range corresponding to the radio frequency link of the previous link sequence, based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram; the target fine beam includes a first target fine beam and a second target fine beam.

[0206] The sixth determining submodule is used to determine the target candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the candidate fine beams as the second target fine beam of other radio frequency links in the current link sequence.

[0207] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0208] The communication module is used to transmit signals to the corresponding transmitting end based on the first target fine beam and the second target fine beam.

[0209] As the device embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be found in the description of the method embodiment.

[0210] This application also discloses a beam switching system based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario, the system including a user terminal and a base station;

[0211] The user terminal includes:

[0212] The first pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal sent by the base station using a first target fine beam set. The first target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the first target coarse beam where the user terminal's current communication fine beam is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam.

[0213] The first arrangement diagram determination module is used to determine the first target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the first target fine beam set;

[0214] The first terminal target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the first target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first terminal target fine beam corresponding to the first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal.

[0215] The first terminal beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link by using the first terminal target fine beam;

[0216] The second terminal target beam determination module is used to determine the second terminal target beam corresponding to other terminal radio frequency links of the user terminal other than the first terminal radio frequency link, based on the first target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first terminal target fine beam;

[0217] The second terminal beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the radio frequency link of other terminals corresponding to the target fine beam of the second terminal.

[0218] The second pilot signal transmission module is used to transmit pilot signals to the base station based on the switched fine beam;

[0219] The base station includes:

[0220] The first pilot signal transmitting module is used to transmit pilot signals to the user terminal;

[0221] The second pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal sent by the user terminal using a second target fine beam set. The second target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the second target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the base station is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam.

[0222] The second arrangement pattern determination module is used to determine the second target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the second target fine beam set;

[0223] The first base station target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the second target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first base station target fine beam corresponding to the first base station radio frequency link of the base station;

[0224] The first base station beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link using the target fine beam of the first base station;

[0225] The second base station target beam determination module is used to determine the second base station target beam corresponding to the radio frequency links of the base station other than the first base station radio frequency link, based on the second target beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target beam.

[0226] The second base station beam switching module is used to switch the corresponding fine beam used by other base station radio frequency links using the target fine beam of the second base station.

[0227] Specifically, in the beam switching system based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios provided in this application embodiment, the process by which the user terminal achieves optimal communication beam switching and the base station achieves optimal communication beam switching is the same as the beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios provided in any of the above embodiments. For details, please refer to the foregoing description, which will not be repeated here.

[0228] This application also discloses an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios as described above.

[0229] This application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario as described above.

[0230] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0231] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, apparatus, or computer program products. Therefore, embodiments of this application can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of this application can take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0232] This application describes embodiments with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0233] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0234] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0235] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0236] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0237] The above provides a detailed description of the beam switching method and corresponding device based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios provided by this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A beam switching method based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios, characterized in that, The method is applied to the receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding sending end is a base station; When the receiving end is a base station and the corresponding sending end is a user terminal, the method includes: The target fine beam set is used to receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitter. The target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiver is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam. Determine the target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the target fine beam set; A diamond search is performed on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiver. The first target fine beam is used to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link; Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam, determine the second target fine beam corresponding to the other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link; The fine beam used by other radio frequency links is switched using the fine beam of the second target fine beam.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing a diamond search on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiver includes: Randomly select a thin beam from the target thin beam arrangement diagram as the search center, and perform a diamond search on the target thin beam arrangement diagram based on the search center to determine multiple diamond regions in the target thin beam arrangement diagram; For each of the rhomboid regions, the spectral efficiency of all thin beams located on the edges of the rhomboid region is calculated to obtain the sum of the spectral efficiencies of the rhomboid regions; The rhombus region with the highest spectral efficiency is defined as the target rhombus region; The spectral efficiency of each fine beam in the target diamond-shaped region is determined, and the fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency in the target diamond-shaped region is identified as the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Determining the target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the target fine beam set includes: The fine beams in the target fine beam set are mapped one by one to the grid points of a preset arrangement diagram according to preset rules, so as to obtain the target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the target fine beam set.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the second target fine beam corresponding to the other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam includes: Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram, determine the spectral efficiency of candidate fine beams within a preset range of the first target fine beam; Determine the other radio frequency links in the current link order according to the link order of the other radio frequency links; For other RF links in the current link sequence, the target candidate fine beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the remaining candidate fine beams is determined as the second target fine beam for the other RF links in the current link sequence, and the target candidate fine beam is removed from the candidate fine beams; If there are other RF links for which the second target fine beam has not been determined, then return to the step of determining the other RF links in the current link order according to the link order of the other RF links and continue execution.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the second target fine beam corresponding to the other radio frequency links of the receiving end besides the first radio frequency link based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam includes: Based on the link order of the other radio frequency links, determine the other radio frequency links in the current link order; the current link order starts from 2; Based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram, determine the target fine beam corresponding to the radio frequency link in the previous link sequence and the spectral efficiency of the candidate fine beams within a preset range; the target fine beam includes a first target fine beam and a second target fine beam. The target thin beam with the highest spectral efficiency among the candidate thin beams is determined as the second target thin beam for other RF links in the current link sequence.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Signals are transmitted to the corresponding transmitting end based on the first target fine beam and the second target fine beam.

7. A beam switching device based on diamond search in high-speed moving scenarios, characterized in that, The device is applied to the receiving end, and when the receiving end is a user terminal, the corresponding sending end is a base station; When the receiving end is a base station, and the corresponding sending end is a user terminal, the device includes: The pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitting end using a target fine wave beam set. The target fine wave beam set consists of all the fine beams in the target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the receiving end is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the target coarse beam. The target arrangement pattern determination module is used to determine the target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the target fine beam set; The first target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first target fine beam corresponding to the first radio frequency link of the receiving end; The first target beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first radio frequency link using the first target fine beam; The second target beam determination module is used to determine the second target beam corresponding to other radio frequency links of the receiving end other than the first radio frequency link, based on the target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first target fine beam; The second target beam switching module is used to switch the corresponding fine beam used by other RF links using the second target fine beam switching.

8. A beam switching system based on diamond search in high-speed mobile scenarios, characterized in that, The system includes user terminals and base stations; The user terminal includes: The first pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal sent by the base station using a first target fine beam set. The first target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the first target coarse beam where the user terminal's current communication fine beam is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the first target coarse beam. The first arrangement diagram determination module is used to determine the first target fine beam arrangement diagram corresponding to the first target fine beam set; The first terminal target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the first target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first terminal target fine beam corresponding to the first terminal radio frequency link of the user terminal. The first terminal beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first terminal radio frequency link by using the first terminal target fine beam; The second terminal target beam determination module is used to determine the second terminal target beam corresponding to other terminal radio frequency links of the user terminal other than the first terminal radio frequency link, based on the first target fine beam arrangement diagram and the first terminal target fine beam; The second terminal beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the radio frequency link of other terminals corresponding to the target fine beam of the second terminal. The second pilot signal transmission module is used to transmit pilot signals to the base station based on the switched fine beam; The base station includes: The first pilot signal transmitting module is used to transmit pilot signals to the user terminal; The second pilot signal receiving module is used to receive the pilot signal sent by the user terminal using a second target fine beam set. The second target fine beam set consists of all the fine beams in the second target coarse beam where the current communication fine beam of the base station is located, and all the fine beams in at least two coarse beams adjacent to the second target coarse beam. The second arrangement pattern determination module is used to determine the second target fine beam arrangement pattern corresponding to the second target fine beam set; The first base station target beam determination module is used to perform a diamond search on the fine beams in the second target fine beam arrangement diagram to determine the first base station target fine beam corresponding to the first base station radio frequency link of the base station; The first base station beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by the first base station radio frequency link using the target fine beam of the first base station; The second base station target beam determination module is used to determine the second base station target beam corresponding to the radio frequency links of the base station other than the first base station radio frequency link, based on the second target beam arrangement diagram and the first base station target beam. The second base station beam switching module is used to switch the fine beam used by other base station radio frequency links corresponding to the target fine beam of the second base station.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the beam switching method based on diamond search in a high-speed mobile scenario as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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