Porous coaxiality laser measuring device and method with unequal apertures

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bore diameter inequality's multi-hole coaxiality laser measuring device and method, device includes laser transmitter and laser receiver, laser transmitter includes laser transmitter body and two acute angle intersecting transmitter body legs, laser receiver includes laser receiver body, two fixed legs and a floating leg, fixed leg includes leg body, cap and crossbar, leg body one end is embedded in the circumferential outer edge of laser receiver body respectively fixed, crossbar is vertically fixedly connected with the other end of leg body, floating leg one end is fixed on the circumferential outer edge of laser receiver body.The method includes 1) laser transmitter is installed on the side of reference hole plate, laser receiver is installed in the measured hole, 2) the coaxiality of the measured hole and reference hole is detected respectively, the bore diameter of which is greater than the bore diameter of reference hole.The application has high precision, good versatility, solves the problem of the coaxiality measurement of a plurality of holes with unequal bore diameters arranged side by side.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a laser measuring device, in particular to a device and method for detecting the coaxiality of each hole with different diameters on the vertical partition wall arranged side by side in a box, and belongs to the technical field of shape and position deviation measurement. BACKGROUND

[0002] The frame is one of the important parts of the medium-speed diesel engine (300rpm≤n≤1000rpm), and the quality of the frame directly affects the performance and service life of the diesel engine. The main bearing hole or camshaft hole is arranged on each vertical partition wall arranged side by side in the frame, and the coaxiality tolerance requirement is very high. At present, the laser emitting and receiving device is used to measure the coaxiality deviation of the above-mentioned multiple holes. The laser light source of the laser has the advantages of high precision, large measurement range, short detection time and non-contact, which solves the problem that the conventional measuring tools cannot be used for coaxiality measurement due to the long distance between the partitions. When measuring the coaxiality deviation of the main bearing hole or camshaft hole with the same diameter on each vertical partition wall in the diesel engine frame, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter arranged outside the reference hole is captured by the target of the laser receiver arranged in the measured hole, so that the axial position coordinate data of the measured hole is obtained. The controller of the laser measuring device can measure the coaxiality deviation of the main bearing hole or camshaft hole by using the method of measuring straightness. However, when the holes arranged side by side have different diameters, the existing laser measuring device and method for measuring the coaxiality deviation of the holes with the same diameter cannot be used for measurement. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a laser measuring device and method for measuring the coaxiality of multiple holes with different diameters, which is simple in structure, convenient to operate and can measure the coaxiality of multiple holes with different diameters.

[0004] The present application is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0005] The purpose of the present application can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.

[0006] The application discloses a coaxiality laser measuring device for holes with different diameters, which comprises a laser transmitter and a laser receiver.

[0007] The application further realizes the purpose by the following technical scheme:

[0008] Further, the floating leg comprises a floating leg body, a hemispherical head body, a limiting sleeve and a compression spring, one end of the floating leg body is screwed into the circumferential outer edge of the laser receiver body, one end of the compression spring is embedded into the axial counterbore of the other end of the floating leg body, one end of the hemispherical head body abuts against the other end of the compression spring, the limiting sleeve is screwed on the end head of the other end of the floating leg body, and the spherical surface end of the hemispherical head body partially extends out of the center hole of the limiting sleeve.

[0009] Further, the gap between the other end of the leg body and the radial slot is 0.15-0.20 mm.

[0010] Further, the crossbar is a three-section stepped shaft structure with diameters increasing in sequence, comprising a small-end shaft section, a middle shaft section and a large-end shaft section, the gap between the small-end shaft section and the through hole of the other end of the leg body is 0.10-0.15 mm, the cap on the outside of the other end of the leg body and the middle shaft section on the inside of the other end of the leg body are fixedly connected through a screw, so that the crossbar is vertically fixed on the other end of the leg body, and the outer diameter of the cap is equal to the outer diameter of the large-end shaft section.

[0011] Further, the hemispherical head body is a combination of a hemispherical head and a cylinder, and the end face of the cylinder abuts against the other end of the compression spring. The reset force of the compression spring is greater than the sum of the mass of the laser receiver body and the two fixed legs.

[0012] A method for measuring the coaxiality of multiple holes with different diameters using a laser measuring device with unequal hole diameters, comprising the following steps:

[0013] 1) The laser transmitter is installed on one side of the reference hole plate, the position of the support block fixed on the transmitter body leg is determined according to the diameter of the reference hole, and then the support block and the magnetic adsorbing disc are fixed on the other end of the corresponding transmitter body leg by fastening screws; then the positions of the magnetic adsorbing discs adsorbed on the lower side of the vertical partition below the reference hole are adjusted respectively, so that the laser transmitter body is located outside the center of the reference hole;

[0014] 2) The laser receiver is installed in the measured hole, two fixed legs and one floating leg with lengths matching the diameter of the measured hole are selected according to the diameter of the measured hole, and then the two fixed legs and one floating leg are fixed on the circumferential outer edge of the laser receiver body, thereby completing the assembly of the laser receiver; then the caps at the lower ends of the two fixed legs and the large end shaft segment of the crossbar are supported on the hole wall below the measured hole with a diameter larger than that of the reference hole, and the floating leg is vertically upward;

[0015] 3) The coaxiality of the measured hole with a diameter larger than that of the reference hole and the reference hole is detected, and the center positions of the laser transmitter and the laser receiver are adjusted respectively, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter falls near the center of the target of the laser receiver, thereby establishing the reference axis B-B of the reference hole and the measured hole, and the controller of the laser transmitter records the data 1 of the measured coordinate values; then the laser receiver is rotated by 180°, so that the floating leg supports the laser receiver body vertically downward, and the two fixed legs are symmetrically inclined upward; the laser transmitter emits the laser beam to the target of the laser receiver again, the controller of the laser transmitter records the data 2 of the measured coordinate values, and the average value of the data 1 and the data 2 is calculated and displayed, which is the coaxiality error value of the reference hole and the measured hole;

[0016] 4) The process of step 3) is repeated to complete the coaxiality of the measured hole with a diameter larger than that of the reference hole and the reference hole one by one.

[0017] The device of the present application has simple structure, adopts the stability structure of three-point support of two fixed legs and one floating leg uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer edge of the laser receiver body, and can measure the coaxiality of holes with different diameters arranged side by side to the reference hole with high accuracy and good universality by only replacing the fixed legs and the floating leg with corresponding lengths. The method of the present application is efficient and convenient, and solves the problem of measuring the coaxiality of multiple holes with different diameters arranged in a row.

[0018] The advantages and characteristics of the present application will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, which are given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention for laser detection of coaxiality of multi-hole structures with unequal apertures;

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of Part I;

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The left view;

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The view of the laser receiver after it has been flipped 180°;

[0023] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Enlarged AA section view. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and an embodiment of the invention used for coaxiality detection of six main bearing holes D1 to D6 on six vertical partitions 101 in the middle of a medium-speed diesel engine frame. Because the diameters of the main bearing holes D1 to D6 are different due to machining errors, conventional laser measuring devices and methods cannot be used for coaxiality detection.

[0025] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment includes a laser emitter 1 and a laser receiver 2. The laser emitter 1 includes a laser emitter body 11 and two emitter body legs 12 intersecting at acute angles. One end of each emitter body leg 12 is fixed to the outer circumferential edge of the laser emitter body 11, and the other end is provided with four stepped connecting holes 121 arranged at intervals. A support block 122 and a magnetic chuck 13 are vertically fixed to the other end of the emitter body leg 12 by fastening screws 123 passing through the stepped connecting holes 121. This structure facilitates determining the position of the magnetic chuck 13 adsorbed on the reference hole wall plate 101 according to the diameter of the reference hole D1, ensuring that the laser emitter body 11 is located at the center of the reference hole D1.

[0026] The laser receiver 2 includes a laser receiver body 21 and two fixed legs 22 and one floating leg 23 evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the laser receiver body 21. The included angle between the two adjacent legs is 120°. The fixed leg 22 includes a leg body 221, a cap 222, and a crossbar 223. One end of the leg body 221 is embedded and fixed in the radial groove 2211 on the outer periphery of the laser receiver by screws 224, and is clearance-fitted with the radial groove 2211. The clearance between the two is 0.15-0.20 mm, which improves the stability of the two fixed legs 22 in supporting the laser receiver body 21, thereby improving the accuracy of coaxiality detection of the present invention.

[0027] The crossbar 223 is a stepped shaft structure with three sections whose diameters increase sequentially, including a small end shaft section 2231, an intermediate shaft section 2232, and a large end shaft section 2233. The clearance between the small end shaft section 2231 and the through hole 2212 at the other end of the support leg body 221 is 0.10 to 0.15 mm. The cap 222 on the outer side of the other end of the support leg body 221 and the intermediate shaft section 2232 on the inner side of the other end of the support leg body 221 are fixedly connected by screws 224, thereby vertically fixing the crossbar 223 to the other end of the support leg body 221. The outer diameter of the cap 222 is equal to the outer diameter of the large end shaft section 2233, so that the crossbar 223 has only two points of support with the wall of the measured hole, which further improves the support stability of the fixed support leg 22 on the laser receiver body 21.

[0028] The floating support leg 23 includes a floating support leg body 231, a hemispherical head body 232, a limiting sleeve 233, and a compression spring 234. One end of the floating support leg body 231 is screwed into the circumferential outer edge of the laser receiver body 21. One end of the compression spring 234 is embedded in the axial countersunk hole 2311 at the other end of the floating support leg body 231. The hemispherical head body 232 is a combination of a hemispherical head and a cylinder, with the cylindrical end face abutting against the other end of the compression spring 224. The limiting sleeve 233 is screwed onto the end of the other end of the floating support leg body 231, and the spherical end of the hemispherical head body 232 extends out of the center hole of the limiting sleeve 233. When the coaxiality error of the measured hole diameter is larger than that of the reference hole D1, two measurements are required. The first measurement is performed by supporting the laser receiver body 21 with two fixed supports 22. The second measurement is performed by rotating the laser receiver 21 180° and then supporting the laser receiver body 21 with the floating support leg 23. The restoring force of the compression spring 234 is greater than the sum of the masses of the laser receiver body 21 and the two fixed legs 22, so that the laser receiver body 21, after being rotated 180°, is stably supported in the test hole by three-point support, which improves the accuracy of the coaxiality detection of the present invention.

[0029] A method for measuring the coaxiality of a multi-aperture laser with unequal apertures includes the following steps:

[0030] 1) Laser emitter 1 is installed in Figure 1 On the left side of the reference hole plate 101, the position of the support block 122 fixed on the transmitter body leg 12 is determined according to the diameter of the reference hole D6. Then, the support block 122 and the magnetic chuck 13 are respectively fixed to the other end of the corresponding transmitter body leg 12 by fastening screws 123. Next, the position of the magnetic chuck 13 adsorbed on the lower side of the vertical partition 101 where the reference hole D1 is located is adjusted so that the laser transmitter body 11 is located outside the center of the reference hole D1.

[0031] 2) Laser receiver 2 is installed in Figure 1In the test hole D6 on the right end, select two fixed legs 22 and one floating leg 23 with matching lengths according to the diameter of the test hole D6. Then, fix the two fixed legs 22 and the floating leg 23 to the outer circumferential edge of the laser receiver body 21 to complete the assembly of the laser receiver 2. Next, support the caps 222 at both ends of the lower side of the two fixed legs 22 and the large end shaft section 2233 of the crossbar 23 on the lower side of the test hole D6, which has a diameter larger than the reference hole diameter, with the floating leg 23 vertically upward.

[0032] 3) To check the coaxiality of the tested hole D6 (whose aperture is larger than that of the reference hole D1) with the reference hole D1, adjust the center positions of the laser emitter 1 and the laser receiver 2 respectively, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 1 falls near the center of the target 24 of the laser receiver 2, establishing a... Figure 1 The reference axis BB of the reference hole D1 and the measured hole D6 is shown. The controller 13 of the laser emitter 1 is instructed to record the measured coordinate value data 1. Then, the laser receiver 2 is rotated 180° so that the floating leg 23 supports the laser receiver body 21 vertically downward, and the two fixed legs 22 are symmetrically tilted upward. The laser emitter 1 emits a laser beam again towards the target 24 of the laser receiver 2, and the controller 13 of the laser emitter 1 is instructed to record the measured coordinate value data 2. The average value of data 1 and data 2 is then calculated and displayed. The average value is the coaxiality error value of the reference hole D1 and the measured hole D6.

[0033] 4) Repeat step 3) to measure the coaxiality of the measured holes D2 to D5, whose diameters are larger than the diameter of the reference hole D1, with the reference hole D1.

[0034] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other implementation methods. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser measuring device for the coaxiality of multiple holes with unequal apertures, comprising a laser emitter and a laser receiver, wherein the laser emitter includes a laser emitter body and two emitter body legs intersecting at acute angles, one end of each emitter body leg being fixed to the outer circumferential edge of the laser emitter body, and the other end having a plurality of stepped connecting holes arranged at intervals, a support block and a magnetic chuck being vertically fixed to the other end of the emitter body legs by fastening screws passing through the stepped connecting holes, and the magnetic chuck being fixed to the other end of the support block; the laser... The receiver includes a laser receiver body, two fixed legs evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the laser receiver body, and one floating leg. Each fixed leg includes a leg body, a cap, and a crossbar. One end of each leg body is embedded in a radial groove on the outer circumference of the laser receiver body, with a clearance fit. One end of the crossbar passes through a through hole at the other end of the leg body, and a screw passing through the center of the cap and screwed into one end of the crossbar is used to vertically fix the crossbar to the other end of the leg body. One end of the floating leg is fixed to the outer circumference of the laser receiver body. Sequentially measuring multiple holes with unequal diameters... When there is a coaxiality error in the hole, the lower side of the laser emitter body is magnetically attached to one side of the vertical partition wall and located below the reference hole; the crossbars of the two fixed legs on the lower side of the laser receiver body are supported on the hole wall of the hole being measured; the floating leg includes a floating leg body, a hemispherical head body, a limiting sleeve, and a compression spring. One end of the floating leg body is screwed into the circumferential outer edge of the laser receiver body, one end of the compression spring is embedded in the axial countersunk hole at the other end of the floating leg body, one end of the hemispherical head body abuts against the other end of the compression spring, and the limiting sleeve is screwed onto the end of the other end of the floating leg body. The spherical end extends out of the center hole of the limiting sleeve; the clearance between one end of the outrigger body and the radial groove is 0.15-0.20 mm; the crossbar is a stepped shaft structure with three sections of progressively increasing diameter, including a small end shaft section, an intermediate shaft section and a large end shaft section. The clearance between the small end shaft section and the through hole at the other end of the outrigger body is 0.10-0.15 mm. The cap on the outer side of the other end of the outrigger body and the intermediate shaft section on the inner side of the other end of the outrigger body are fixedly connected by screws, thereby vertically fixing the crossbar to the other end of the outrigger body, and the outer diameter of the cap is equal to the outer diameter of the large end shaft section.

2. The laser measurement device for coaxiality of multi-hole structures with unequal apertures as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hemispherical head is a combination of a hemispherical head and a cylinder, with the cylindrical end face abutting against the other end of the compression spring.

3. The laser measurement device for coaxiality of multi-hole structures with unequal apertures as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The restoring force of the compression spring is greater than the sum of the masses of the laser receiver body and the two fixed legs.

4. A measurement method using a laser measuring device for coaxiality of multiple holes with unequal apertures as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: 1) The laser emitter is installed on one side of the reference hole plate. The position of the support block fixed on the emitter body leg is determined according to the diameter of the reference hole. Then, the support block and the magnetic chuck are fixed to the other end of the corresponding emitter body leg by fastening screws. Next, the position of the magnetic chuck adsorbed on the lower side of the vertical partition where the reference hole is located is adjusted so that the laser emitter body is located outside the center of the reference hole. 2) Install the laser receiver in the hole to be tested. Select two fixed legs and one floating leg with a length matching the diameter of the hole to be tested. Then fix the two fixed legs and one floating leg on the outer circumferential edge of the laser receiver body to complete the assembly of the laser receiver. Next, support the caps at both ends of the two fixed legs and the large end shaft of the crossbar on the lower side of the hole wall of the hole to be tested, which has a diameter larger than the reference hole diameter. The floating leg is vertically upward. 3) To check the coaxiality between the measured hole (whose aperture is larger than the reference hole's aperture) and the reference hole, adjust the center positions of the laser emitter and laser receiver respectively so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter falls near the center of the target of the laser receiver, thus establishing the reference axis BB between the reference hole and the measured hole. Then, instruct the controller of the laser emitter to store the measured coordinate value data 1. Next, rotate the laser receiver 180° so that the floating legs support the laser receiver body vertically downwards, and at this time, the two fixed legs tilt symmetrically upwards. The laser emitter emits a laser beam again towards the target of the laser receiver, and instructs the controller of the laser emitter to record the measured coordinate value data 2. Then, calculate the average value of data 1 and data 2 and display it. The average value is the coaxiality error value between the reference hole and the measured hole. The corresponding coordinate value data 2 is stored again. The controller calculates the average value of data 1 and data 2 and displays it. The displayed value is the coaxiality error value between the reference hole and the measured hole. 4) Repeat step 3) to complete the coaxiality of the tested hole and the reference hole one by one, where the hole diameter is larger than the reference hole diameter.

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