A method for identifying abnormal noises of transmission components

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for identifying abnormal noises in transmission components, which includes: installing the transmission components on a test bench for testing in each gear position. For the gear positions with abnormal noise problems during the test, a gear matrix is established according to the gear transmission relationship, and the cross gears in the gear positions with abnormal noise problems are screened out. The fault is checked by replacing the gears. If the cross gears are not faulty components, the vibration and noise signals of the gear positions with abnormal noise problems during rotation are collected through the test bench, and order analysis is carried out to find the faulty components. If the faulty components still cannot be found, a statistical analysis sample of the vibration and noise data of the transmission components in the gear positions with abnormal noise problems is obtained and standardized. Using the fuzzy clustering algorithm, a fuzzy similarity matrix is established for clustering analysis, and the abnormal noise problem area is delimited according to the clustering analysis results. The present invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of identifying and tracing the sources of abnormal noises in transmission components, and reduce the waste of manpower and material resources caused by disassembly and assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction machinery fault detection, and particularly to a method for identifying abnormal noises of transmission components. Background Art

[0002] Transmission components are widely used in various fields such as automotive transmissions and construction machinery, and are important mechanical components. Generally, transmission components include gears, bearings, shafts, etc. Due to design, production, and assembly reasons, problems may sometimes occur in transmission components, such as abnormal transmission noises. When abnormal noises occur, technicians mainly rely on experience to judge the location of the abnormal noises, using the human ear to listen, and disassembling and reassembling to eliminate and solve the problems. Most current solutions are: using the method of controlling variables, replacing multiple gears, bearings, shafts, etc. separately to determine the faulty parts. Since there are many internal parts in the transmission components and their working conditions cannot be directly seen with the naked eye, and disassembly and assembly are inconvenient, when a fault occurs in the transmission components, it is difficult to determine the specific location and cause of the problem.

[0003] During the working process of construction machinery transmission components, problems such as unsmooth operation and abnormal noise often occur. Different from steady abnormal noises such as engine abnormal noises and in-vehicle abnormal noises in automobiles, transmission abnormal noises are mainly transient abnormal noises, mainly manifested as irregular noises such as "click, click" during rotation, with characteristics such as large instantaneous energy, wide frequency band, and uncertain occurrence position. If it is not separated from the fault signal, it will directly lead to misjudgment of abnormal noises. Currently, there is no general test method for identifying the fault location in the field of transmission abnormal noise recognition. The defects of existing transmission component abnormal noise analysis technologies are as follows:

[0004] (1) The analysis of the causes of abnormal noises in transmission components is incomplete, and it is impossible to identify abnormal noises caused by reasons such as multi-gear gear meshing;

[0005] (2) It is impossible to ensure that a problem can be solved by one disassembly and reassembly, wasting a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources;

[0006] (3) It is not conducive to quickly solving similar problems in the future and avoiding the recurrence of similar problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying abnormal noises of transmission components, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of identifying and tracing abnormal noises of transmission components, and reduce the waste of manpower and material resources caused by disassembly and assembly.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for identifying abnormal noises of transmission components, including:

[0009] S1, according to the corresponding rotational speed and torque, using a detection platform to test the transmission components corresponding to each gear, and determining the gear with abnormal noise problems;

[0010] For the gear positions with abnormal noise problems, establish a gear tooth matrix according to the power transmission relationship of each gear position. Based on the gear tooth matrix, screen out the cross gears of the gear positions with abnormal noise problems;

[0011] Judge whether the cross gear is a problem gear by replacing the gear. If not, go to step S2;

[0012] S2. For the transmission components corresponding to each gear position with abnormal noise problems, use the detection platform to collect the vibration signals and noise signals during the operation of the transmission components;

[0013] Based on the collected signals, perform order analysis to obtain the fault characteristic orders of each component in the transmission component, and judge the suspected fault components according to the fault characteristic orders;

[0014] Judge whether the suspected fault component is a problem component by replacing the suspected fault component. If not, go to step S3;

[0015] S3. For the transmission components corresponding to the gear positions to be investigated, use the detection platform to collect the vibration and noise signal data of multiple measurement points at multiple abnormal noise moments during the rotation of the transmission components;

[0016] Use the fuzzy clustering algorithm to process the collected data to obtain the class with the largest signal amplitude, and take the area surrounded by the measurement points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal noise source area.

[0017] After obtaining the abnormal noise source area in step S3, the investigation range of the transmission components with abnormal noise is greatly reduced. When continuing to investigate in this area, even if the conventional investigation method is used, the investigation efficiency of the abnormal noise components can still be greatly improved.

[0018] Optionally, in the method, step S3 further includes, based on the result of the fuzzy clustering process, sorting the similar classes according to the amplitude, and drawing a vibration transmission trajectory diagram of the measurement point abnormal noise according to the sorting result and the relationship of the measurement point positions. It can make the source of the abnormal noise and the transmission process clearer, and further reduce the difficulty of investigating the abnormal noise components based on the result of the fuzzy clustering algorithm.

[0019] Optionally, the detection platform includes an input motor, an output motor and a sensor assembly, and the sensor assembly includes a rotational speed sensor, a torque sensor, a vibration sensor and a noise sensor;

[0020] The test installation structure of the transmission component is: the transmission component is installed between the input motor and the output motor, and power is provided by the input motor and load is provided by the output motor respectively; rotational speed sensors and torque sensors are installed at both ends of the transmission component respectively for measuring the input and output rotational speeds and torques; vibration sensors and noise sensors are arranged at multiple different positions on the transmission component.

[0021] Optionally, the detection platform further includes a base, on which a plurality of mounting grooves are provided. The input motor and the output motor each include mounting feet and are slidably and fixedly mounted in the mounting grooves through the mounting feet.

[0022] Preferably, the base is made of cast iron material, the mounting grooves are T-shaped grooves, and the mounting feet of the input motor and the output motor are mounted in the same mounting groove;

[0023] A sewage collecting trough and a discharge hole are provided on the periphery of the base.

[0024] Optionally, the detection platform further includes a sound insulation cover, and the sound insulation covers are respectively arranged outside the input motor and the output motor;

[0025] In the middle of each side surface of the sound insulation cover, a stepped structure part is provided through the length direction thereof. In the middle of the edges on both sides of the stepped structure part, a wedge structure part is provided. The area outside the stepped structure part and the wedge structure part is a groove structure. The extending direction of the groove between the wedge structure part and the stepped structure part is parallel to the length direction of the stepped structure part and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the grooves in other groove structure areas.

[0026] Optionally, in step S1, for the gears with abnormal noise problems, a gear matrix is established according to the power transmission relationship of each gear, including:

[0027] S11. For each gear with an abnormal noise problem, list all the gears in its gear power transmission relationship;

[0028] S12. Using the gears with abnormal noise problems in each gear as the row elements of the matrix and each gear as the column elements of the matrix, establish a gear matrix. In the gear matrix, the same gears in different rows are located in the same column of the matrix;

[0029] In step S1, based on the gear matrix, screening out the cross gears of the gears with abnormal noise problems includes: taking the same column element gears included in all rows of the gear matrix as the cross gears of the gears with abnormal noise problems.

[0030] Optionally, in step S2, for the transmission components corresponding to each gear, using the detection platform to collect the vibration signals and noise signals during the operation of the transmission components, including:

[0031] Install the transmission component between the input motor and the output motor of the detection platform, and install a sensor assembly. Control the input motor to rotate, and use the sensor to obtain the vibration and noise waveform data of a set test period;

[0032] Wherein, the duration of the set test period is the duration of 6-10 revolutions of the input motor.

[0033] Optionally, in step S2, the order analysis based on the collected signals to obtain the fault characteristic orders of the components in the transmission components includes:

[0034] For rolling bearing elements, calculate the bearing rolling element damage frequency, bearing inner race damage frequency, bearing outer race damage frequency, and bearing cage damage frequency;

[0035] For gears, calculate the fixed-axis gear meshing frequency, calculate the single-row planetary gear meshing frequency with the ring gear fixed, and calculate the single-row planetary gear meshing frequency with the sun gear fixed;

[0036] Based on the selected reference order, determine the corresponding order of each transmission component element according to the calculated frequency;

[0037] For the time-domain waveform of the collected vibration and noise signals, obtain the corresponding frequency-domain data through Fourier transform. According to the order corresponding to the frequency-domain data and the order corresponding to each transmission component element, determine the transmission component element corresponding to each vibration and noise signal measurement point, and obtain the order and vibration and noise signal amplitude corresponding to each transmission component element.

[0038] In the above solution, after calculating the frequency, according to the selected reference order, since the order is the ratio of the frequency, the corresponding order can be obtained.

[0039] Optionally, the bearing rolling element damage frequency of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0040] BSF = 1 / 2 × RPM × Pd / Bd × (1 - (Bd / Pd × cosψ)^2)

[0041] RPM is the rotational speed of the shaft where the bearing is located, N is the number of bearing rolling elements, Pd is the bearing pitch diameter, Bd is the bearing rolling element diameter, and ψ is the rolling element contact angle;

[0042] The bearing inner race damage frequency of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0043] BPFI = 1 / 2 × RPM × N × (1 - Bd / Pd × cosψ)

[0044] The bearing outer race damage frequency of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0045] BPFO = 1 / 2 × RPM × N × (1 + Bd / Pd × cosψ);

[0046] The bearing cage damage frequency of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0047] FTF = 1 / 2 × RPM × (1 × Bd / Pd × cosψ)

[0048] The fixed-axis gear meshing frequency is expressed as: GMF = Z × RPM′

[0049] The meshing frequency of a single-row planetary gear with the ring gear fixed is expressed as: GMF1 = Z1×(n1±n2) / 60

[0050] The meshing frequency of a single-row planetary gear with the sun gear fixed is expressed as: GMF2 = Z1×(n3±n2) / 60

[0051] Z is the number of teeth of the gear, RPM′ is the rotational speed of the shaft where the gear is located, Z1 is the number of teeth of the ring gear, n1 is the rotational speed of the sun gear, n2 is the rotational speed of the planet carrier, and n3 is the rotational speed of the ring gear;

[0052] In the expressions of GMF1 and GMF2, the selection of "±" is determined by the directions of the two rotational speeds involved in the calculation. If they are in the same direction, the minus sign is taken; otherwise, the plus sign is taken.

[0053] Optionally, in step S2, the judging of the suspected faulty component according to the fault characteristic order includes:

[0054] According to the order corresponding to the transmission component and the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal, as well as the preset amplitude threshold of the vibration and noise signal for each order,

[0055] If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the meshing order exceeds the corresponding threshold, there is an abnormality in the corresponding bearing or the corresponding pair of meshing gears; for the same pair of gears with the same meshing order, the sideband distance corresponds to the order of the shaft where the gear is located. If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the sideband distance exceeds the corresponding threshold, there is an abnormality in the gear on the corresponding shaft;

[0056] If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the non-meshing order exceeds the corresponding threshold, then use the resonance frequency and the surrounding sidebands to confirm and compare with the modal order corresponding to each component. If the non-meshing order is equal to the modal order of a certain component, it is judged that the component is abnormal; if there are several identical components in the transmission component, judge through the abnormal peak distance: if the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the abnormal peak distance exceeds the corresponding threshold, the component on the shaft is abnormal.

[0057] Optionally, in step S3, for the transmission component corresponding to the gear position to be checked, assume that within a test cycle, the vibration / noise signal amplitude data of n measurement points at m abnormal sound moments during the rotation of the transmission component collected by the detection platform is U = {X1, X2, X i， ,…, X n}, where the vibration / noise signal amplitude data of the i-th measurement point at m abnormal sound moments is X i = (X i1 , X i2 , X i3 ,…, X im );

[0058] Processing the collected data using the fuzzy clustering algorithm to obtain the class with the largest signal amplitude, and taking the area surrounded by the measuring points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal sound source area, including:

[0059] Performing standardized processing on the collected data to obtain the standardized U′;

[0060] Constructing a fuzzy coefficient matrix R using the similarity coefficient method;

[0061] Based on the transitive closure method of fuzzy equivalence matrix clustering, calculating the fuzzy equivalence matrix t(R) of the fuzzy similarity matrix R;

[0062] Taking a real number λ ∈ [0, 1], calculating the λ-cut matrix R λ , according to R λ Dividing the data in U′;

[0063] Finding the class with the largest amplitude from the divided classes, and taking the area surrounded by the measuring points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal sound source area.

[0064] Beneficial effects

[0065] The abnormal sound identification method and device for transmission components of the present invention change the situation of mainly relying on experience to judge the abnormal sound position in the past, and can provide position information for further analyzing the cause of abnormal sound. The application of the present invention will reduce the waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources caused by disassembly and assembly in finding the cause of abnormal sound. Specifically, there are the following advantages and improvements:

[0066] (1) The concept of gear tooth matrix is proposed, which solves the problem of difficult manual positioning of each abnormal sound gear position and realizes the accurate identification of crossed gears;

[0067] (2) An abnormal sound detection bench is proposed, which can solve the interference of other sound sources and is helpful for the subjective and objective judgment of abnormal sound;

[0068] (3) The application of the fuzzy clustering method solves the problem of position ambiguity in transient abnormal sound identification and excludes the identification error caused by the amplification due to the structural characteristics of the structure surface;

[0069] (4) Combining various abnormal sound analysis methods for transmission components to formulate an abnormal sound analysis process, and a order analysis method is proposed, which lays a theoretical foundation for the quantitative analysis of abnormal sound;

[0070] (5) Combining vibration signals and noise signals for multi-feature discrimination in order analysis and fuzzy clustering analysis to improve the accuracy of abnormal sound identification. Description of the drawings

[0071] Figure 1 The following shows the schematic flow chart of the abnormal sound identification method for transmission components of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the test bench results;

[0073] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test bench with a sound insulation cover;

[0074] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound insulation cover;

[0075] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the gear position transmission of a certain multi - gear transmission component;

[0076] Figure 6 Shown is a schematic diagram of the signal order analysis process;

[0077] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic diagram of the fuzzy clustering analysis process. Detailed implementation manners

[0078] The following further describes in combination with the attached drawings and specific embodiments.

[0079] Refer to Figure 1 , the abnormal noise identification and detection platform of the present invention includes a base 2, an input motor 1, an output motor 5 and a sensor assembly 6. The sensor assembly includes a rotational speed sensor, a torque sensor, a vibration sensor and a noise sensor;

[0080] When performing abnormal noise detection, the transmission component 4 with the abnormal noise problem to be checked is installed between the input motor and the output motor, and the power is provided by the input motor and the load is provided by the output motor respectively; in accordance with the principle that the transmission path is as short as possible and the rigidity of the installation position is as large as possible, the sensor assembly is installed on the bearing seats of the transmission component, including that rotational speed sensors and torque sensors are respectively installed on both ends of the bearing seats of the transmission component to measure the input and output rotational speeds and torques; the vibration sensor and the noise sensor are arranged at multiple different positions on the transmission component.

[0081] The base of the detection platform is provided with a plurality of installation grooves. The input motor and the output motor respectively include installation feet and are slidably and fixably installed in the installation grooves through the installation feet. The installation grooves are T - shaped grooves, and the installation feet of the input motor and the output motor are installed in the same installation groove to facilitate movement to adapt to the sizes of different specifications of transmission components. Vibration damping blocks are arranged around the bottom of the base to reduce the noise generated by the motor vibration. The base is cast from high - quality fine - grained gray cast iron, and hoisting and installation holes are provided on the working surface. A sewage collecting trough and a drain hole are also provided on the periphery of the base.

[0082] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the detection platform of this embodiment further includes a sound insulation cover 7, and the sound insulation cover is respectively arranged outside the input motor and the output motor. Figure 3The inner side structure of the sound insulation cover is shown. In the middle of each side of the sound insulation cover, a stepped structure part is arranged through its length direction. In the middle of the edges on both sides of the stepped structure part, a wedge structure part is provided. The area outside the stepped structure part and the wedge structure part is a groove structure. The extending direction of the groove between the wedge structure part and the stepped structure part is parallel to the length direction of the stepped structure part and perpendicular to the extending direction of the grooves in other groove structure areas. The sound insulation cover of this embodiment can play a sound absorption effect during the detection process, weaken the noise generated by the motor, and at the same time prevent the abnormal sound of the transmission components from being masked.

[0083] The method for identifying abnormal noise of transmission components in the present invention refers to Figure 4 , and includes the following steps:

[0084] S1. For the transmission components corresponding to each gear, test them using a detection platform according to the corresponding rotational speed and torque to determine the gear positions with abnormal noise problems.

[0085] For the gear positions with abnormal noise problems, establish a gear tooth matrix based on the gear position power transmission relationship. Based on the gear tooth matrix, screen out the cross gears in the gear positions with abnormal noise problems.

[0086] Judge whether the cross gear is a problem gear by replacing the gear. If not, go to step S2.

[0087] S2. For the transmission components corresponding to each gear position with abnormal noise problems, use the detection platform to collect vibration signals and noise signals at multiple positions during the operation of the transmission components.

[0088] Based on the collected signals, perform order analysis to obtain the fault characteristic orders of each component in the transmission components, and judge the suspected fault components according to the fault characteristic orders.

[0089] Judge whether the suspected fault component is a problem component by replacing the suspected fault component. If not, go to step S3.

[0090] S3. For the transmission components corresponding to the gears to be checked, use the detection platform to collect vibration and noise signal data at multiple measuring points at multiple abnormal noise moments during the rotation of the transmission components.

[0091] Use the fuzzy clustering algorithm to process the collected data to obtain the class with the largest signal amplitude, and use the area surrounded by the measuring points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal noise source area. The identification of this abnormal noise source area provides a position reference for further analyzing the cause of the fault and the fault components.

[0092] Further, based on the results of fuzzy clustering processing, this embodiment sorts the similar classes according to the signal amplitude, and draws the abnormal sound vibration transmission trajectory diagram of the measuring points according to the sorting results and the relationship between the measuring point positions, which can make the source of abnormal sound and the transmission process clearer, and further reduce the difficulty of troubleshooting abnormal sound components.

[0093] The above steps are specifically described below.

[0094] I. Use the gear matrix to troubleshoot faulty components

[0095] In step S1, for the gear positions with abnormal sound problems, a gear matrix is established according to the power transmission relationship of each gear position, specifically including:

[0096] S11. For each gear position with abnormal sound problems, list all the gears in its power transmission relationship;

[0097] S12. Use the gear positions with abnormal sound problems as the row elements of the matrix, and each gear as the column element of the matrix to establish a gear matrix. In the gear matrix, the same gears in different rows are located in the same column of the matrix;

[0098] In step S1, based on the gear matrix, screening out the cross gears of the gear positions with abnormal sound problems includes: taking the same column element gears included in all rows of the gear matrix as the cross gears of the gear positions with abnormal sound problems.

[0099] Taking a certain transmission component as an example, its gear position transmission relationship is as Figure 6 shown, and it is converted into the gear transmission route of each gear position, as shown in Table 1:

[0100] Table 1 Gear transmission routes of each gear position of a certain transmission component

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] When establishing the gear matrix, the gear combinations corresponding to all gear positions can be used as the row elements of the matrix first. Each column in the matrix corresponds to a different gear, and all the gears in each column are the same gears corresponding to different gear positions. If there is no corresponding gear in the gear position transmission relationship, the corresponding column element in the corresponding row is empty.

[0104] The corresponding gear matrix listed from Table 1 is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Pick out the gear position row elements with abnormal noise problems from the gear tooth matrix, reorganize them into an abnormal noise problem gear tooth matrix, screen out the gears that exist in each gear position row element, and remove other gears from the matrix. As shown below, Zi is the cross-gear of the abnormal noise problem gear position.

[0107]

[0108] For the screened cross-gears of the abnormal noise problem gear positions, check whether the abnormal noise problem is eliminated by replacing the gears. If it cannot be eliminated or the cross-gears of the abnormal noise problem gear positions cannot be found, then continue to the next step, and check the abnormal noise fault components through vibration noise detection and order analysis.

[0109] II. Vibration Noise Signal Acquisition and Order Analysis

[0110] In step S2 of this embodiment, for the transmission components corresponding to each gear position, use the detection platform to collect the vibration signal and noise signal during the operation of the transmission components, including:

[0111] Install the transmission component between the input motor and the output motor of the detection platform, and install the sensor assembly. Control the input motor to rotate, and use the sensor to obtain the vibration and noise waveform data of the set test period. The test period should at least cover the time-domain waveform of 6-10 rotations of the transmission component, and the highest analysis frequency should be at least 3.3 times the meshing frequency.

[0112] Based on the collected signals, this embodiment performs order analysis to obtain the fault characteristic orders of each component in the transmission component, including:

[0113] For the rolling bearing components, calculate their bearing rolling element damage frequency, bearing inner race damage frequency, bearing outer race damage frequency, and bearing cage damage frequency;

[0114] For the gears, calculate the fixed-axis gear meshing frequency, calculate the single-row planetary gear meshing frequency with the ring gear fixed, and calculate the single-row planetary gear meshing frequency with the sun gear fixed;

[0115] Based on the selected reference order, determine the order corresponding to each transmission component element according to the calculated frequency;

[0116] For the time-domain waveform of the collected vibration noise signal, obtain the corresponding frequency-domain data through Fourier transform. According to the order corresponding to the frequency-domain data and the order corresponding to each transmission component element, determine the transmission component element corresponding to each vibration noise signal measurement point, and obtain the order and vibration noise signal amplitude corresponding to each transmission component element.

[0117] In the above solution, after calculating the frequency, according to the selected reference order, since the order is the ratio of the frequency, the corresponding order can be obtained. The reference order can be selected as the order of the shaft where the rotational speed test is located.

[0118] Specifically, the damage frequency of the rolling elements of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0119] BSF = 1 / 2 × RPM × Pd / Bd × (1 - (Bd / Pd × cosψ)^2)

[0120] RPM is the rotational speed of the shaft where the bearing is located, N is the number of rolling elements of the bearing, Pd is the pitch diameter of the bearing, Bd is the diameter of the rolling elements of the bearing, and ψ is the contact angle of the rolling elements;

[0121] The damage frequency of the inner race of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0122] BPFI = 1 / 2 × RPM × N × (1 - Bd / Pd × cosψ)

[0123] The damage frequency of the outer race of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0124] BPFO = 1 / 2 × RPM × N × (1 + Bd / Pd × cosψ);

[0125] The damage frequency of the cage of a rolling bearing is expressed as:

[0126] FTF = 1 / 2 × RPM × (1 × Bd / Pd × cosψ)

[0127] The mesh frequency of a fixed-axis gear is expressed as: GMF = Z × RPM'

[0128] The mesh frequency of a single-row planetary gear with a fixed ring gear is expressed as: GMF1 = Z1 × (n1 ± n2) / 60

[0129] The mesh frequency of a single-row planetary gear with a fixed sun gear is expressed as: GMF2 = Z1 × (n3 ± n2) / 60

[0130] Z is the number of teeth of the gear, RPM' is the rotational speed of the shaft where the gear is located, Z1 is the number of teeth of the ring gear, n1 is the rotational speed of the sun gear, n2 is the rotational speed of the planet carrier, and n3 is the rotational speed of the ring gear;

[0131] In the expressions of GMF1 and GMF2, the selection of "±" is determined by the directions of the two rotational speeds involved in the calculation. If they are in the same direction, the negative sign is taken; otherwise, the positive sign is taken.

[0132] The signal order analysis in this embodiment includes meshing order and non - meshing order analysis: When the energy of the meshing order exceeds the standard, that is, the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal exceeds the preset threshold, the meshing frequency and the surrounding sidebands calculated by the above - mentioned calculation formula are confirmed. When the sideband distance is equivalent to a certain shaft order, it indicates that there is a problem with the gear on that shaft; When the energy of the non - meshing order exceeds the standard, that is, whether the amplitude corresponding to the non - meshing order exceeds the standard, and the amplitude on the frequency difference (i.e., the sideband) adjacent to the non - meshing order also exceeds the standard, the calculated resonance frequency and the surrounding sidebands are used for confirmation, and the abnormal sound problem component is judged by the summarized abnormal peak distance rule.

[0133] Specifically: If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the meshing order exceeds the corresponding threshold, it can be judged that there is an abnormality in the corresponding bearing or that pair of meshing gears. The meshing orders of the same pair of meshing gears are the same. If it is necessary to further confirm which gear has an abnormality, it is necessary to judge by the sideband distance. The sideband distance corresponds to the order of the shaft where the gear is located. If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the sideband distance exceeds the corresponding threshold, there is an abnormality in the gear on that shaft;

[0134] If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the non - meshing order exceeds the corresponding threshold, the resonance frequency and the surrounding sidebands are used for confirmation and compared with the modal orders of each component. If the non - meshing order is equal to the modal order of a certain component, it is judged that the component has an abnormality; If there are several identical components in the transmission component, further judgment is made through the abnormal peak distance: If the amplitude of the vibration and noise signal of the abnormal peak distance exceeds the corresponding threshold, there is an abnormality in the component on that shaft.

[0135] After obtaining the suspected fault components through order analysis, it is also possible to check whether the abnormal sound problem is eliminated by replacing the corresponding components. If the suspected fault components cannot be found, or the abnormal sound problem is not eliminated after replacing the components, then continue to the next step, and identify the abnormal sound source area through the fuzzy clustering algorithm.

[0136] III. Identifying the Abnormal Sound Source Area by Fuzzy Clustering Method

[0137] In this part of the content, multiple measuring points are set on the surface of the transmission component, and the vibration and noise signals of each measuring point at multiple abnormal sound moments during the rotation of the transmission component are detected through the detection platform. Based on the detected signals, fuzzy clustering analysis is carried out to obtain the abnormal sound source area information.

[0138] Specifically: n groups of vibration and noise measuring points are arranged on the surface of the transmission component, and one rotation period of the input motor is used as the sampling time. The vibration and noise signal of the i - th measuring point at a total of m abnormal sound moments is one data sample X i =(X i1 , X i2 , X i3 , …, X im), standardize the sample data U = {X1, X2, X i， , …, X n} composed of all measured point data samples, compress the data within the interval [0, 1] to obtain the standardized U'.

[0139] Construct a fuzzy coefficient matrix R using the similarity coefficient method. Based on the transitive closure method of fuzzy equivalence matrix clustering, calculate the transitive closure t(R) of the fuzzy similarity matrix R, that is, the fuzzy equivalence matrix. Take a real number λ ∈ [0, 1], and calculate the λ-cut matrix R λ , and based on R λ partition the data in U'. Find the class with the largest amplitude from the partitioned classes. The data of the class with the largest amplitude is the surface data of the structural components around the excitation source. The area surrounded by the measured points to which the data samples in this class belong is the abnormal noise source area.

[0140] According to the clustering analysis results, sort the similar classes by amplitude. Based on the sorting results and the relationship between the measured point positions, draw the abnormal noise and vibration transmission trajectory diagram based on the measured points, which can realize the further analysis of the abnormal noise problem.

[0141] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims. All of these fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying abnormal noises of transmission components, characterized in that, Including: S1. According to the corresponding rotational speed and torque, use the detection platform to test the transmission components corresponding to each gear position, and determine the gear positions with abnormal noise problems. For the gear positions with abnormal noise problems, establish a gear matrix according to the power transmission relationship of each gear position, including: S11. For each gear position with abnormal noise problems, list all the gears in its gear position power transmission relationship; S12. Use the gear positions with abnormal noise problems as the matrix row elements and each gear as the matrix column elements to establish a gear matrix. In the gear matrix, the same gears in different rows are located in the same column of the matrix. Based on the gear matrix, take the same column element gears included in all rows of the gear matrix as the cross gears of the gear positions with abnormal noise problems, and screen out the cross gears of the gear positions with abnormal noise problems. Judge whether the cross gear is a problem gear by replacing the gear. If not, go to step S2; S2. For the transmission components corresponding to each gear position with abnormal noise problems, use the detection platform to collect the vibration signal and noise signal during the operation of the transmission components. Based on the collected signals, perform order analysis to obtain the fault characteristic orders of each component in the transmission components, including: For rolling bearing elements, calculate its bearing rolling element damage frequency, bearing inner race damage frequency, bearing outer race damage frequency, and bearing cage damage frequency; For gears, calculate the meshing frequency of fixed-axis gears, calculate the meshing frequency of a single-row planetary gear with the ring gear fixed, and calculate the meshing frequency of a single-row planetary gear with the sun gear fixed; Based on the selected reference order, determine the corresponding order of each transmission component element according to the calculated frequency; For the time-domain waveform of the collected vibration and noise signals, obtain the corresponding frequency-domain data through Fourier transform, and determine the transmission component element corresponding to each vibration and noise signal measurement point according to the order corresponding to the frequency-domain data and the corresponding order of each transmission component element, and obtain the corresponding order and vibration and noise signal amplitude of each transmission component element. Judge the suspected fault components according to the fault characteristic orders. Judge whether the suspected fault component is a problem component by replacing the suspected fault component. If not, go to step S3; S3. For the transmission components corresponding to the gear positions to be investigated, use the detection platform to collect the vibration and noise signal data of multiple measurement points at multiple abnormal noise moments during the rotation of the transmission components. Use the fuzzy clustering algorithm to process the collected data to obtain the class with the largest signal amplitude, and take the area surrounded by the measurement points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal noise source area.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 also includes, based on the result of the fuzzy clustering process, sorting the similar classes according to the amplitude, and drawing a measurement point abnormal noise vibration transmission trajectory diagram according to the sorting result and the measurement point position relationship.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection platform includes an input motor, an output motor, and a sensor assembly. The sensor assembly includes a rotational speed sensor, a torque sensor, a vibration sensor, and a noise sensor. The test installation structure of the transmission component is as follows: The transmission component is installed between the input motor and the output motor, and power is provided by the input motor and load is provided by the output motor respectively; Speed sensors and torque sensors are installed at both ends of the transmission component respectively, which are used to measure the input and output speeds and torques; Vibration sensors and noise sensors are arranged at multiple different positions on the transmission component.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The detection platform further includes a base, and a plurality of installation grooves are provided on the base. The input motor and the output motor respectively include installation feet and are slidably and fixably installed in the installation grooves through the installation feet.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The base is made of cast iron material, the installation grooves are T-shaped grooves, and the installation feet of the input motor and the output motor are installed in the same installation groove; A sewage collecting trough and a drain hole are provided on the periphery of the base.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The detection platform further includes a sound insulation cover, and the sound insulation covers are respectively arranged outside the input motor and the output motor; In the middle of each side surface of the sound insulation cover, a stepped structure part is arranged through the length direction thereof. In the middle of the edges on both sides of the stepped structure part, a wedge structure part is provided. The area outside the stepped structure part and the wedge structure part is a groove structure. The extending direction of the groove between the wedge structure part and the stepped structure part is parallel to the length direction of the stepped structure part and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the grooves in other groove structure areas.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In step S2, for the transmission components corresponding to each gear position, the vibration signals and noise signals during the operation of the transmission components are collected by using the detection platform, including: Install the transmission component between the input motor and the output motor of the detection platform, and install the sensor assembly. Control the input motor to rotate, and use the sensors to obtain the vibration and noise waveform data of the set test period; Among them, the duration of the set test period is the duration of 6-10 revolutions of the input motor.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein The damage frequency of the bearing rolling elements of the rolling bearing is expressed as: ， is the rotational speed of the shaft where the bearing is located, N is the number of bearing rolling elements, is the pitch diameter of the bearing, is the diameter of the bearing rolling elements, is the contact angle of the rolling elements; The damage frequency of the inner race of the bearing of the rolling bearing is expressed as: ， The damage frequency of the outer race of the bearing of the rolling bearing is expressed as: ； The damage frequency of the bearing cage of the rolling bearing is expressed as: ， The meshing frequency of the fixed-axis gear is expressed as: , The meshing frequency of a single-row planetary gear with the ring gear fixed is expressed as: , The meshing frequency of a single-row planetary gear with the sun gear fixed is expressed as: , is the number of teeth of the gear, is the rotational speed of the shaft where the gear is located, is the number of teeth of the gear ring, is the rotational speed of the sun gear, is the rotational speed of the planet carrier, is the rotational speed of the gear ring; and in the expression of, " " is selected according to the directions of the two rotational speeds involved in the calculation. If they are in the same direction, a negative sign is taken; otherwise, a positive sign is taken.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S2, the suspected fault elements are judged according to the fault characteristic order, including: According to the order corresponding to the transmission component elements, the vibration and noise signal amplitudes, and the preset vibration and noise signal amplitude thresholds for each order, If the vibration and noise signal amplitude of the meshing order exceeds the corresponding threshold value, there is an abnormality in the corresponding bearing or the corresponding pair of meshing gears; For the same pair of gears with the same meshing order, the sideband frequency distance corresponds to the order of the shaft where the gear is located. If the vibration and noise signal amplitude of the sideband frequency distance exceeds the corresponding threshold value, there is an abnormality in the gear on the corresponding shaft; If the vibration and noise signal amplitude of the non-meshing order exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the resonance frequency and the surrounding sidebands are used for confirmation and compared with the modal order corresponding to each element. If the non-meshing order is equal to the modal order of a certain element, it is judged that the element is abnormal; If there are several identical elements in the transmission component, the abnormal peak distance is used for judgment: If the vibration and noise signal amplitude of the abnormal peak distance exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the element on the shaft is abnormal.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, for the transmission components corresponding to the gear to be investigated, it is assumed that within a test cycle, the vibration / noise signal amplitude data of n measurement points during the rotation of the transmission components at m abnormal noise moments are collected by the detection platform as , where the vibration / noise signal amplitude data of the th measurement point at the th abnormal noise moment are ; Processing the collected data by using the fuzzy clustering algorithm to obtain the class with the largest signal amplitude, and taking the area surrounded by the measuring points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal sound source area, including: Standardize the collected data to obtain the standardized ; Construct a fuzzy coefficient matrix using the similarity coefficient method ; The transitive closure method based on fuzzy equivalence matrix clustering is used to calculate the fuzzy similarity matrix of the fuzzy equivalence matrix ; Take a certain real number , calculate truncated matrix , according to to divide the data in; Finding out the class with the largest amplitude from the divided classes, and taking the area surrounded by the measuring points to which the data in this class belongs as the abnormal sound source area.

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