Geometrically defined shaped and / or contoured optical elements for ophthalmic lenses and methods for creating such geometrically defined shaped and / or contoured optical elements

Abstract

An ophthalmic lens comprising an anterior surface; a posterior surface; and one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements formed by altering a curvature of at least one of the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens and / or the posterior surface of the ophthalmic lens; wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens are formed by applying a function to one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens in a predetermined region of the ophthalmic lens and in a predetermined direction.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 044,460, filed June 26, 2020; International Application No. PCT / IB2020 / 057863, filed August 21, 2020; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 092,199, filed October 15, 2020. Each of these priority applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] This disclosure relates to International Application No. PCT / AU2017 / 051173, filed October 25, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 412,507, filed October 25, 2016; and International Application No. PCT / AU2020 / 056079, filed June 26, 2020, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 868,348, filed June 28, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 896,920, filed September 6, 2019. Each of these related applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0004] This disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses and / or refractive surgery systems. More particularly, this disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses comprising one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements, and related methods for forming one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements. Background Technology

[0005] The discussion of the background in this disclosure is included to explain the context of the disclosed embodiments. This should not be construed as an admission that the priority date of the embodiments and claims presented in this disclosure is public, known, or part of general common knowledge.

[0006] The eye's optical system determines whether an image is focused on the retina. Images focused on the retina are generally considered to be in focus. Images not focused on the retina (e.g., in front of or behind the retina) are generally considered blurry and of reduced quality. Myopia, often called shortsightedness, is an optical defect of the eye that causes on-axis images to focus in front of the retina. On-axis images are those that are substantially aligned with the fovea or foveal region of the retina (the area with the highest visual acuity). Presbyopia is an optical defect of the eye in which the lens's ability to adjust decreases, resulting in blurred vision at distances close to the eye.

[0007] Ophthalmic lenses can be designed to correct, slow, reduce, and / or control the progression of optical impairments. Numerous strategies are designed to address visual impairments. Combinations of one or more optical elements that create positive and / or negative defocusing, focusing, or reorienting of light in predetermined directions (e.g., symmetrical, asymmetrical, and / or aberration) can alter retinal image quality and contribute to addressing optical impairments.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need to provide ophthalmic lenses with geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements for correcting, slowing down, reducing, and / or controlling the progression of optical impairments (e.g., myopia or presbyopia). This disclosure aims to address these and other problems disclosed herein. This disclosure also aims to point out one or more advantages of using the exemplary ophthalmic lenses and methods described herein. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This disclosure is intended to overcome and / or improve one or more of the problems described herein.

[0010] This disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods for correcting, slowing, reducing, and / or controlling the progression of myopia.

[0011] This disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods for correcting or substantially correcting presbyopia.

[0012] This disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods for correcting, slowing down, reducing, and / or controlling the progression of optical impairments (e.g., myopia or presbyopia) by utilizing one or more of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements to create positive or negative defocusing, focusing, and / or redirection of light in predetermined directions (e.g., symmetrical, asymmetrical, and / or aberration).

[0013] This disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods that utilize one or more of the geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens formed by altering (e.g., gradually altering) the surface curvature of the lens.

[0014] This disclosure relates at least in part to ophthalmic lenses comprising one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens, the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements being formed by intersecting flat planes or by applying a modulation function to one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens geometry and / or characteristics in a predetermined region of the lens and in a predetermined direction. The process of applying the modulation function to the ophthalmic lens geometry and / or characteristics results in modulation of the selected parameters.

[0015] In some implementations, the modulation function can be derived from any combination of one or more types of mathematical functions (e.g., logarithmic, sine, conical, polynomial, or any predetermined surface pattern). For example, when using periodic mathematical functions, the resulting plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements can be periodic relative to each other.

[0016] In some implementations, one or more parameters of an ophthalmic lens may include geometric and / or non-geometric parameters. For example, the design objective may be optical power in a predetermined direction, including sagittal and / or tangential and / or optical modulation transfer function (MTF) and / or light scattering characteristics. Examples of geometric parameters may include the radius of curvature (at any location and / or region across the geometry), radial and / or axial thickness, and the center coordinates of the radius of curvature of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element geometry. Non-geometric parameters may include, for example, the refractive index.

[0017] In some implementations, the predetermined area of ​​an ophthalmic lens may include the entire surface of one or more surfaces of the lens or a portion of one or more surfaces of the lens.

[0018] In some implementations, the predetermined direction for applying the modulation function may include any spatial orientation of the lens (e.g., radial, angular, arithmetic spiral, diagonal, sine curve, or any combination of one or more of these).

[0019] In some implementations, the function can be continuous in a predetermined direction.

[0020] In some implementations, the function may be a definition of the lens surface or a portion thereof.

[0021] In some implementations, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can have any shape, form, or optical configuration.

[0022] In some implementations, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be distributed in any direction (e.g., radial, circumferential, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, spiral, or any combination of these directions).

[0023] In some implementations, multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements can have any combination of focal lengths.

[0024] In some implementations, one or more of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be configured to create any combination of one or more of the following: defocus, prism, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, light deviation, or a combination thereof.

[0025] In some implementations, individual geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements can be configured to create one or more combinations of the following: defocus, prism, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, deviation, contrast modulation, or combinations thereof. For example, a single optical element (or multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements) can be configured to provide scattering, defocusing, and focusing of light.

[0026] In some implementations, by adjusting and / or optimizing certain parameters of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements, one or more of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be configured to be somewhat inconspicuous (e.g., not easily visible).

[0027] In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens comprising one or more of the geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens can be manufactured using CNC machining or freeform manufacturing techniques or molding (e.g., integral or partial) techniques.

[0028] In some implementations, the ophthalmic lens may be a spectacle lens, a contact lens, a lens wafer, an optical film, or an intraocular lens for the anterior or posterior chamber.

[0029] This disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising an anterior surface; a posterior surface; and one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements formed on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens; wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile elements on the surfaces of the ophthalmic lens are formed by applying one or more modulation functions to one or more parameters of the geometry and / or characteristics of the ophthalmic lens; wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile elements are formed in a predetermined region of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., at any location on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens) and in a predetermined direction (e.g., annular, spiral, and / or non-annular).

[0030] This disclosure relates at least in part to a method for forming one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens, the method comprising: defining a modulation function to modify one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens surface geometry and / or lens characteristics in a predetermined region of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., at any location on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens) and in a predetermined direction (e.g., annular, spiral, and / or non-annular); and forming one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements by applying the modulation function to one or more parameter surface geometries and / or lens characteristics of the ophthalmic lens to change the curvature of at least one of the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens.

[0031] In some implementations, an ophthalmic lens may include multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

[0032] In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements may contain a focal length distribution that varies in a predetermined direction and / or in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

[0033] In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may include a focal power distribution that may increase or decrease in a predetermined direction at the edges of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

[0034] In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements may contain a focal length distribution that can be increased or decreased in a direction perpendicular to a predetermined direction.

[0035] In some implementations, the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element may be increased, decreased, and / or kept the same in a direction extending radially from the center of the ophthalmic lens.

[0036] In some implementations, the modulation function may be applied to one or more parametric surface geometries and / or lens properties of the rear and / or front surfaces, or both, of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more recesses, facets, grooves, or lines corresponding to one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of the optical element.

[0037] In some implementations, the modulation function can be applied to one or more parametric surface geometries and / or lens properties of the posterior and / or anterior surfaces, or both, of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more elevations, ridges, or lines corresponding to one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of the optical element.

[0038] In some implementations, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of optical impairments (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and / or presbyopia).

[0039] In some implementations, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements may be configured to create any combination of one or more of the following in a predetermined direction (e.g., symmetrical, asymmetrical, aberration in at least one direction, single-focus, and / or multi-focus): positive defocus, negative defocus, focus, deviation, dispersion, and / or reorientation of light.

[0040] In some implementations, the modulation function can be created by any combination of one or more mathematical functions, including, for example, a sign function, a logarithmic function, a sine function, a conic function, a polynomial function, and / or any predetermined mathematical function.

[0041] In some implementations, the function modulation may be a periodic function and the resulting one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements are periodic relative to each other.

[0042] In some implementations, the modulation function can be created by a mathematical combination (e.g., a product) of a sine function with a first frequency and a square function with a second frequency.

[0043] In some implementations, the modulation function can be created by a mathematical combination (e.g., a product) of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency, for defining the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in a predetermined region.

[0044] In some implementations, one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens may include any combination of one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters.

[0045] In some embodiments, the surface geometry and / or lens properties of an ophthalmic lens may include any combination of one or more of the following: optical power in a predetermined direction (e.g., sagittal and / or tangential and / or optical modulation transform function (MTF) and / or light scattering function) and / or prism power and / or optical power in the prism direction. In some embodiments, one or more parameters of the surface geometry and / or lens properties of an ophthalmic lens may include radius of curvature (at any location and / or region across the geometry); radial and / or axial thickness; center coordinates of the radius of curvature; surface thickness; and / or refractive index.

[0046] In some implementations, the predetermined area may encompass the entire surface of the lens or the area of ​​an ophthalmic lens.

[0047] In some implementations, the predetermined region may include a portion of the ophthalmic lens that extends to the outer edge of the ophthalmic lens and is defined by an inner radius and an outer edge.

[0048] In some implementations, the predetermined region may be contained within a ring defined by an inner radius and an outer radius on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens.

[0049] In some implementations, the predetermined region may comprise a plurality of concentric rings defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens.

[0050] In some embodiments, the predetermined region may include a ring defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius, and the predetermined region may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include at least two predetermined regions defined by concentric rings, wherein the same (or different) number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are present in at least two (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) concentric rings, wherein the position of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in one ring is in phase (or out of phase) with the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the other ring.

[0052] In some implementations, the predetermined direction may include any combination of one or more spatial directions of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., any combination of one or more of radial, angular, arithmetic spiral, diagonal and / or sinusoidal directions).

[0053] In some implementations, the predetermined direction may include any combination of radial, non-radial, angular, and / or non-angular (e.g., linear) directions.

[0054] In some implementations, the modulation function may be continuous in a predetermined direction.

[0055] In some implementations, the premodulated surface geometry that defines the shape of the lens surface may be a definition of the ophthalmic lens surface or a portion thereof.

[0056] In some implementations, the modulation function can be selected as any combination of one or more of the shape, form, focal length, configuration, number and / or position of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements.

[0057] In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements may be distributed in any combination of one or more of the following: radial direction, non-radial direction, angular direction, non-angular (e.g., linear) direction, circumferential direction, horizontal direction, vertical direction, diagonal direction, and / or spiral direction or linear form, triangle, square, circle, semicircle, arc, radial, spoke-shaped, or any other desired form or shape or combination thereof.

[0058] In some implementations, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements may have any combination of focal length distributions.

[0059] In some implementations, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements can be configured to create any combination of one or more optical effects, including defocus, prism, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, deviation and contrast, and light amplitude modulation.

[0060] In some implementations, any one of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be configured to create any combination of one or more of the following optical effects: light scattering, diffraction and / or diffusion, and with or without focal length distribution and / or optical amplitude modulation (e.g., reduced transparency, different refractive index).

[0061] In some implementations, by adjusting and / or optimizing certain parameters of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be configured to be somewhat or substantially inconspicuous (e.g., not easily visible).

[0062] In some implementations, one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements may be one or more portions of one or more spatially flat planes.

[0063] In some implementations, one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements can be created by the intersection of a flat plane with the rear or front surface of an ophthalmic lens or both.

[0064] In some implementations, ophthalmic lenses comprising one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements can be manufactured using CNC machining, freeform manufacturing techniques, molding, 3D printing, laser (e.g., femtosecond laser) and / or other suitable techniques.

[0065] In some implementations, the ophthalmic lens may be a lens wafer, an optical film, or one of the intraocular lenses in the anterior or posterior chamber.

[0066] In some implementations, ophthalmic lenses can be configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of myopia, hyperopia and / or astigmatism.

[0067] In some implementations, ophthalmic lenses can be configured to correct or substantially correct presbyopia.

[0068] Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the specification, drawings, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0069] When read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the various aspects of the implementation scheme described herein can be understood in the following detailed description.

[0070] Figure 1A Images 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E illustrate exemplary embodiments of an ophthalmic lens comprising a rear surface having an optical power defined by a first surface geometry equation.

[0071] Figure 2AExamples 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H, 2I, 2J, and 2K illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that include a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0072] Figure 3 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0073] Figure 4A and 4B An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0074] Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0075] Figure 6 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0076] Figure 7 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0077] Figure 8 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0078] Figure 9A 9B and 9C illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that include a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0079] Figure 10A 10B and 10C illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that include a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0080] Figure 11 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0081] Figure 12 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0082] Figure 13 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0083] Figure 14 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0084] Figure 15A 15B, 15C, 15D, and 15E illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that include a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0085] Figure 16A 16B, 16C, 16D, 16E, and 16F illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that include a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0086] Figure 17A 17B and 17C illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that include a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0087] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary implementation of a process for designing / applying multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens as described herein.

[0088] Figure 19 Cartesian coordinate systems including different exemplary surface geometries are shown to explain spatially flat surfaces that can be used as geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements on one or both surfaces of an ophthalmic lens.

[0089] Figure 20A and 20B The geometric intersection of an exemplary portion of a desired plane with a sphere is shown, which may form the rear surface, front surface, or both of an ophthalmic lens to create geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element features that can compromise between circular profiles of different sizes.

[0090] Figure 21The process of intersecting a plane with a basic geometry to create a flat surface (i.e., a facet) in space is illustrated.

[0091] Figure 22 An ophthalmic lens and its simplified ray positions within a human eye model and on the retina are shown, wherein a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optic element is created by a spatially flat surface on the anterior surface of the lens, thereby producing an image in front of the retina from the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optic element.

[0092] Figure 23 An ophthalmic lens and its exemplary ray positions inside and on the retina of a simplified schematic human eye model are shown, wherein a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element is created by a spatially flat surface on the rear surface of the lens, thereby producing an image behind the retina from the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element.

[0093] Figure 24A , 24B Figures 24C and 24C illustrate ophthalmic lenses and their exemplary ray positions within a simplified human eye model and on the retina, wherein two geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are created by spatially flat surfaces on the front and rear surfaces of the lens, thereby producing focusing and prismatic effects on the retina from those geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

[0094] Figure 25A , 25B Figure 25C shows the intersection of a planar surface with an LSR ring, thereby creating a flat surface geometry that defines the shape and / or profile of an optical element with an almost elliptical profile.

[0095] Figure 26 An ophthalmic lens and the location of exemplary rays within a human eye model and on the retina are shown, wherein geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics are created by a spatially flat surface on the anterior surface of an LSR ring on the lens, resulting in the formation of a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics with an elliptical profile on the lens, forming an off-axis focus behind the retina.

[0096] Figure 27A , 27B Figure 27C illustrates the intersection of a plane with a substrate geometry, wherein the substrate geometry comprises two LSR curves and a flat, geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element.

[0097] Figure 28 A simplified model of the eye's interior is shown with ray tracing and focus to illustrate the optics of the ophthalmic system in Figure 27.

[0098] Figure 29APlan and cross-sectional views of an ophthalmic lens are shown, incorporating geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the front surface of the lens and between the front and rear surfaces of the lens.

[0099] Figure 29B -H and Figure 29I -L shows a further implementation of a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element that generates a range of optical effects. Detailed Implementation

[0100] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify this disclosure. Of course, these are merely examples and not limiting. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in various examples. Such repetition is for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself prescribe a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0101] The headings used in the detailed description are included for the reader's convenience and should not be used to limit the subject matter found throughout the disclosure or claims. These headings should not be used to interpret the scope or limit of the claims.

[0102] As used in this disclosure, the term “about” should be understood to be similar to or substantially interchangeable with the term.

[0103] The term “comprising” and its derivatives (e.g., including, containing) used in this disclosure shall be deemed to include the feature it refers to and shall not imply the exclusion of the presence of additional features unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0104] As used in this disclosure, the terms “myopia” or “myopic” are intended to refer to an eye that is already myopic, premyopic, or has a refractive condition that is progressing toward myopia.

[0105] As used in this disclosure, the terms “farsighted” or “farsighted” are intended to refer to an eye that is already farsighted, pre-farsighted, or has a refractive condition that is progressing toward farsightedness.

[0106] As used in this disclosure, the terms "astigmatic" or "astigmatic" are intended to refer to an eye that is already astigmatic, is becoming astigmatic, or has a refractive condition that is progressing toward astigmatism.

[0107] As used in this disclosure, the terms "presbyopia" or "presbyopic" are intended to refer to an eye with a diminished ability to focus on intermediate and near objects.

[0108] As used in this disclosure, the term "ophthalmic lens" is intended to include one or more of spectacle lenses, contact lenses, or intraocular lenses (e.g., anterior chamber or posterior chamber intraocular lenses).

[0109] As used in this disclosure, the term "spectacle lens" is intended to include spectacle lenses as lens blanks, finished products, or basic finished products.

[0110] As used in this disclosure, the term "geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element" refers to a region, area, zone, segment, part, or fragment in or on a modulated lens and / or lens surface (e.g., in a lens matrix), wherein the geometry and / or optical properties and / or optical effects that are different or altered (e.g., continuous or gradual) or varied or modified compared to an unmodulated or pre-modulated (e.g., previously modulated) base lens and / or base surface are modified by using mathematical functions (e.g., modulation functions) to produce a surface geometry and / or non-geometric properties that define the lens surface shape and / or lens properties in or on the lens and / or the surface, or in this region, area, zone, segment, part, or fragment on the lens and / or the surface. A "geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element" can also be created in the lens and / or the surface, or in a region or layer or section or segment or fragment of the lens and / or the surface, by means of the intersection of one or more spatial planes with a base lens and / or base surface that is unmodulated or premodulated (e.g., previously modulated) and is referred to as a spatially flat "geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element".

[0111] As used herein, the term "modulation function" is a mathematical formula or function having a defined form and a finite output range, used to change, modify, and / or adjust one or more components (or parameters) of the surface geometry and / or non-geometric characteristics of an ophthalmic lens whose lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics are defined in a region of the lens applied in one direction. The modulation function can be applied to an initial surface geometry and / or lens characteristics that defines the lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics at one or more regions of the ophthalmic lens or surface to generate a geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element to create substantially different or altered (continuous or gradual) or varied or modified geometry and / or optical characteristics or effects relative to an unmodulated or pre-modulated (e.g., previously modulated) substrate lens or surface.

[0112] The term "direction" refers to the direction in which the modulation function is applied, and can be, for example, an angle, radial, vertical, horizontal, zigzag, sinusoidal, spiral, random, quasi-random, concentric, curved, straight, vortex, spiral, or a combination of one or more directions starting from any point on the ophthalmic lens.

[0113] The term "region" refers to any part, section, segment, or area of ​​an ophthalmic lens, the matrix of ophthalmic lenses, and / or the surface of an ophthalmic lens in terms of space.

[0114] As used in this disclosure, the term "modulation range" refers to the range of a given parameter that defines the starting point or value of a surface geometry and / or non-geometric characteristics of a lens surface shape and / or lens properties of a base lens or an unmodulated surface, and the range within which the parameter can be modulated and modified.

[0115] As used in this disclosure, the term "surface" may refer to the anterior or posterior surface of an ophthalmic lens or basement lens, or a layer or surface of a biological eye.

[0116] The term "prism" refers to the effect of at least a portion or geometrically defined shape and / or profile of an ophthalmic lens, wherein light rays passing through at least a portion and / or shape and / or element of the lens may or may not diverge or converge, and may also deviate from the light path.

[0117] This disclosure relates to methods and designs for ophthalmic lenses and refractive surgery, comprising one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements formed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens or on the ocular surface to manage, treat, or control refractive errors of the eye, such as presbyopia and / or myopia and / or hyperopia and / or astigmatism. For myopia, the use of optical lenses with relatively uniform lens power has not been found to slow myopia. In such eyes, optical lenses or surfaces with variable or non-uniform optical surfaces or features may be able to slow, reduce, or prevent the onset and progression of myopia. Similarly, in hyperopia, optical lenses or surfaces with variable or non-uniform optical surfaces or features may be able to reduce or prevent the onset and progression of hyperopia. For eyes with presbyopia, the use of optical lenses with relatively uniform lens power may provide good or acceptable vision only for specific distances. For such eyes, optical lenses with variable or non-uniform optical surfaces may be able to provide good or acceptable vision for distance, intermediate, and / or near distances. For some eyes, optical lenses having multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements may provide good or acceptable vision at far, intermediate, and / or near distances. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens comprising one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements may be a spectacle lens, a contact lens, an optical film, and / or anterior or posterior chamber intraocular lens. In some embodiments, the surface comprising one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements may be the surface of an ophthalmic lens or involve a layer of the eye in a biological context. Geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens or on the surface of the eye can be formed by changing / modifying or adjusting one or more parameters of the surface. In some embodiments, geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements can be formed by one or more modulation functions (e.g., mathematical functions) applied to one or more parameters of the surface geometry and / or non-geometric characteristics of the lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics defined in a predetermined region of the lens and / or surface and in a predetermined direction. In some implementations, applying a modulation function to one or more parameters defining the surface geometry and / or non-geometric characteristics of an ophthalmic lens can produce a geometrically continuous surface in a selected direction of the optical element (e.g., modulation of the selected parameters).

[0118] In some embodiments, the modulation function can be derived from any combination of one or more types of mathematical functions (e.g., logarithmic, sine, conical, polynomial, or any predetermined mathematical function). For example, when using a periodic function, the resulting geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be periodic relative to each other. In some embodiments, the resulting geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be aperiodic relative to each other, can be monotonic, can be non-monotonic, or a combination thereof.

[0119] In some embodiments, one or more parameters or components of the lens or lens surface or eye surface may include geometric and / or non-geometric parameters that are modulated to produce a desired geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element that results in a desired optical effect. For example, the desired optical effect may be optical power in a predetermined direction, including sagittal and / or tangential and / or optical modulation transfer function (MTF) and / or light scattering function. Examples of geometric parameters may include radius of curvature (at any location and / or region across the geometry), radial and / or axial thickness, center coordinates of the optical element geometry, and / or optical axis angles and orientations. Non-geometric parameters may include, for example, refractive index.

[0120] For example, the optical properties of an ophthalmic lens or the ocular surface along a spatial vector can be called a function. f And the function f It doesn't have to be a scalar, but it can be a vector that depends on one or more variables, including, for example, geometric and non-geometric parameters. For example, a function... f It can be a profile describing the optical power of the lens along any spatial direction (i.e., sagittal and tangential). In some implementations, the function... f It can be an optical modulation transfer function (MTF), or it can be a function that causes, changes, alters, or modulates defocus, prism, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, deviation, and contrast modulation. Generally speaking, the function... f It can be described as:

[0121]

[0122] in It is a parameter or variable that contributes to different values ​​of f.

[0123] In some implementations, Cartesian coordinates, circular coordinates, and / or spherical coordinates can be used to define the function. f In some implementations, the function f The direction of creation of optical elements can be continuous along geometrically defined shapes and / or contours.

[0124] In some embodiments, the predetermined region where the modulation function is applied may encompass substantially the entire surface of the lens or a portion of the lens (e.g., one or more rings on the lens surface). In some embodiments, the predetermined region where the modulation function is applied may encompass the front surface or the rear surface, or both.

[0125] In some implementations, the predetermined direction in which the modulation function is applied can include any spatial orientation of the lens (e.g., radial, angular, arithmetic spiral, diagonal, sine curve, or any combination of one or more of these).

[0126] In some implementations, the modulation function may be continuous in a predetermined direction.

[0127] In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements may have any size, shape, form, profile, or optical configuration. In some embodiments, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements may be distributed in any direction (e.g., radial, circumferential, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, spiral, or any combination of these directions).

[0128] In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may have any combination of focal powers. In some embodiments, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be configured to create any combination of one or more optical effects such as positive or negative defocus, defocus, prism, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, deviation, and contrast and amplitude modulation. For example, a single geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element (or multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements) may be configured to provide one or more of positive or negative defocus, defocus, prism, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, deviation, contrast, and amplitude modulation.

[0129] In some implementations, multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements can be configured to be inconspicuous (e.g., not easily visible) by adjusting and / or optimizing certain parameters of the surface geometry and / or non-geometric properties that define the lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics.

[0130] In some implementations, ophthalmic lenses containing multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface or matrix of an ophthalmic lens can be manufactured directly on the lens or on a lens precursor or film or layer for use as part of a lens system, using CNC machining or freeform manufacturing techniques, molding (e.g., casting molding or injection molding) or laser-based processes (e.g., femtosecond or any other wavelength), or carbon dioxide removal processes for material removal, or stamping or embossing processes, or material property modification or microblasting processes, or lithography or printing processes (e.g., inkjet or 3D printing and / or printing processes using ink or polymer curing or evaporation or drying steps) or coating processes (e.g., vacuum or rotary processes) or other suitable techniques.

[0131] In some implementations, multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on one or more layers of a person's or individual's eye can be generated using a refractive surgical procedure.

[0132] As used throughout this description, “modulation” refers to the process of applying a modulation function to parameters in a defined region in a desired direction. For example, a parameter defining the surface geometry and / or non-geometric properties of a lens (to which a modulation function can be applied) could be the refractive index of the lens or the density of a light-transmitting mask; this could be defined as a non-geometric parameter (rather than a geometric parameter) defining the lens properties (e.g., material) of an ophthalmic lens. When a modulation function is applied to this parameter (e.g., laser energy level or time of exposure to laser energy or printhead travel speed or print layer thickness), it can change / modify / alter the parameter to create or produce geometrically defined shapes and / or contour elements and optical effects on the lens. Other such parameters could be one or more of the following: radius of curvature, coordinate position of the radius of curvature that can have lateral optical separation effects, refractive index, etc. A modulation value range refers to the range of lens parameters that may be desired to be changed or altered. For example, if it may be desired to change the radius of curvature of an ophthalmic lens from approximately 200 mm to approximately 150 mm to 220 mm, the range of curvature variation could be approximately -50 to +20. In some implementations, the modulation function may be a mathematical function with a defined form and a finite range of inputs, applied to one or more parameters defining the surface geometry and / or non-geometric characteristics of an ophthalmic lens or surface to create one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile elements, thereby producing varied / altered / modified optical effects on the lens. The modulated surface geometry / characteristics are the final geometry / characteristics after the process of applying the modulation function is completed.

[0133] Figure 1A Cross-sectional and plan views of an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 100 are shown. The ophthalmic lens 100 includes a base lens having a front surface 101, a rear surface 102, a central region 103, and a peripheral region 104, wherein the region 104 is formed by a surface modulation process designed to incorporate geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics on the surface of the ophthalmic lens 101 (e.g., the rear surface 102). Figure 1B A three-dimensional view of the posterior surface 102 of the ophthalmic lens 100 is shown. The central region 103 and peripheral region 104 (e.g., a pre-modulation initiating surface without any geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile elements) are combined with the anterior surface 101, lens thickness, and refractive index to form a base power of -2D for the lens 100. The spherical base surface of the modulation-targeted region 104 may have an initiating geometry defined using, for example, a circular coordinate system relative to the spherical surface 105 (e.g., surface geometry and / or non-geometric properties defining the lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics). Therefore, the initiating surface geometry (e.g., for the posterior surface 102) may be defined as follows:

[0134] ( ), = to

[0135] in , and They are respectively like Figure 1B The unit vectors for the relevant parameters r, z, and θ are shown.

[0136] In some embodiments, the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens may be defined by an initial surface geometry (a surface geometry and / or non-geometric characteristics that define the lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics). In some embodiments, both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens may be defined by an initial surface geometry.

[0137] In the described implementation scheme, such as Figure 1A , 1B As shown in 1C and 1D, the parameter of the initial surface geometry of the geometric spherical lens 100 modulated by the modulation function is the radius of curvature R = 106 (see example...). Figure 1B The region 104 of the ophthalmic lens on which the "modulation function" is applied is defined to have an equal... rs The inner radius is 107 (for example, rs = Approximately 4 mm (from the center of the lens) to equal to re Outer radius 108 (For example, re= (Approximately 15 mm from the center of the lens), and in this example, the "modulation range" can be limited to 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the maximum value to be added to the radius of curvature R; see Figure ID for example). As shown, the direction of application of the "modulation function" is perpendicular to that at any point (e.g., The radial line starting from the center of the lens at point (). In other words, the direction of modulation is a vector. Direction (e.g.) = To re, ;like Figure 1D (as shown in the image).

[0138] Figure 1C The "modulation function" defines the parameters applied to the initial geometry and is a sine wave mathematical function with a 360-degree periodic interval (e.g., y=sin). x The modulation function can be applied to a defined region within the modulation range, specifying the modulation parameters, radius of curvature, and changing R to... (See example) Figure 1D The resulting modulation surface geometry. It could be:

[0139]

[0140] Figure 1E The geometric surfaces 121, sagittal power map 122, and tangential power map 123 of an exemplary ophthalmic lens after the surface modulation process described above has been applied to the peripheral region 104 are shown. The central region 103 has a base power of -2D (see, for example, 113 - sagittal power map) and the peripheral region 104 contains geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements formed by the modulation process (e.g., a single sine cycle) and has a power of 0D (see, for example, 114), thereby providing a maximum to minimum power difference of +2D (see, for example, 114). Figure 1E As shown in the figure, sinusoidal modulation over a defined region alters the optical power p-value while maintaining the continuity of the geometric surface. Sagittal and tangential power maps are used to describe the optical power values ​​of the lens in two directions, and in some implementations, they can be defined in optical software (e.g., Zemax). For example, the term "tangential" refers to data calculated in a tangential plane defined by a line and a point: the line is the axis of symmetry, and the point is the field point in object space. The sagittal plane is a plane orthogonal to the tangential plane, which also intersects the axis of symmetry at the "entry pupil position."

[0141] Figure 1A The ophthalmic lens describes a simple annular surface modulation that generates a single sinusoidal cycle of curvature radius modulation in the annular region and in the angular direction (see, for example...). Figure 1D This results in an undulating focal length distribution (see, for example...). Figure 1E However, it may be desirable to incorporate more than one (e.g., multiple) geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements on an ophthalmic lens to provide additional desired optical effects to the wearer of the ophthalmic lens. Therefore, at least one modulation function can be designed and applied to at least one ophthalmic lens geometric and / or non-geometric parameter to create at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in any region, in any direction, in any range, or in any size to create any configuration or arrangement on the lens surface, or any continuity or discontinuity with or between the substrate surface and the lens surface, to generate any desired optical effect or combination thereof, including but not limited to refraction, non-refractive, diffraction, contrast modulation, phase modulation, metasurface, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation, or a combination of one or more of their optical properties.

[0142] Figure 2-17 illustrates several exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic lenses that combine different configurations and arrangements of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, including several diagrams of exemplary different forms describing modulation functions used to control the number, size, shape, optical profile, and distribution of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements to modify the resulting optical effects.

[0143] Figure 2A An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, comprising an annular region defining modulation on the posterior surface of the lens. The ophthalmic lens 200 includes a base lens having an anterior surface 201, a posterior surface 202, a central region 203, and peripheral regions 204 and 205. Ophthalmic lens 200 ( Figure 2A The initial pre-modulated surface geometry 202 can be compared with... Figure 1A The premodulated rear surface geometry is basically similar, that is, the initial surface geometry can be written as

[0144] ( ), = to

[0145] like Figure 2A As shown, the modulated geometric parameter radius of curvature R ( Figure 1B 106 in the region can be modulated on region 204 as follows: = to rm , And similar to the example in Figure 1, Figure 2A The modulation direction 209 of the ophthalmic lens can be Furthermore, the "modulation function" can be y = sin x ,in x It can be any angle value, as previously stated. Figure 1D As shown in the image.

[0146] In the example of Figure 2, in order to create the desired "modulation function" in region 204, a mathematical symbol function (see example...) is used. Figure 2B ) is applied to the mathematical sine function 224 to create a periodic square wave function 225, such as Figure 2C As shown. Symbolic function ( Figure 2B This can be mathematically described using the following formula:

[0147]

[0148] And because the modulation direction 209 in this example is along the vector (For example, Figure 2AThe angle between 209 and the sign function (argument) is such that the x-variable (argument) is at an angle (see example). Figure 2B The following can be changed to an angular variable: The sine function of (212):

[0149]

[0150] Furthermore, by substituting x into the sign function, the sign(x) equation becomes:

[0151]

[0152] It produces, for example Figure 2C The periodic square wave function 225 is shown. For example, as... Figure 2C As shown, when the function The new variable has frequency f sgn At that time, and because the variable of the sign function is a sine curve, the value can create an output between -1 (222) and +1 (220), so the sign function value can continuously switch between +1 and -1 and create an output like... Figure 2C The following square wave function 225 is shown:

[0153] Zero-point cases can be added. Figure 2C Function 22 creates only two output values, -1 and 1:

[0154]

[0155] In some implementations, to obtain a positive output, it may be desirable to add the value 1 to S(θ) to achieve S(θ) + 1 as shown in Figure 2(D). In some implementations, to achieve output values ​​of 0 and 1, it may be desirable to divide S(θ) + 1 by 2, such as... Figure 2E The drawing is in the middle.

[0156] In some implementation schemes, Figure 2E The periodic square wave shown can itself be used as a "modulation function". In some implementations, in order to design Figure 2A One or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements in region 204 of the lens, Function variables in θ The number of periodic intervals can be changed (e.g., increased) based on the frequency of the sine wave, as shown below: in f sgn It is the frequency of a sine wave, and Tsgn is the periodic interval.

[0157] However, as regarding Figure 2D and 2E As shown in the described steps, the square wave function 225 can be modified and can also be used as another "modulation function" to create other embodiments in modulation region 204 that can change, for example, the surface geometry, and thus the focal power distribution of region 204. The lens focal power distribution can cycle between values ​​220 and 222 around the base focal power 221 and can produce sharp discontinuities in the surface curvature along the modulation direction, such as... Figure 2C As shown, this creates a power distribution between the substrate surface curvature and multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics in region 204. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to create geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics that are smooth and continuous with the substrate surface in the modulation direction. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shapes and / or contour elements in region 204 may not intersect, for example, not meet with the substrate lens surface 202 (e.g., the substrate lens surface in peripheral region 205), and may remain raised above (or below) the substrate lens surface 202 for at least a portion of region 204 between the geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics, thereby allowing for a power distribution different from that of substrate regions 203, 205, which can correct refractive errors in the wearer of ophthalmic lens 200.

[0158] Figure 2F It shows the relationship with the sinusoidal component function 240 (T) sin ) combination Figure 2E The square wave function (composed of a lower frequency sine function 244 (T)) sgn (Driver). For example Figure 2F The sinusoidal component function 240 (T) is plotted in the figure. sin The frequency of ) can be relative to the square wave component function 242 (by the lower frequency sine function 244 (T) sgn The driving force increases, and the combination of functions can provide multiple functions on each element, such as different rates of change of curvature radius for smaller shapes, thus also providing surface profiles and / or optical profiles, such as focal length distribution and continuity of the element with the substrate surface 202. Figure 2G It provides a combination of a higher-frequency sine function 240 and a square wave function 242 (driven by a lower-frequency sine function 244). Figure 2F Additional details of the periodic function described herein are provided, and a single square wave cycle (T0) that can form part of a single geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 264 is shown. sgn ).like Figure 2GAs shown, the modulation process can control the shape and profile features of the element, as can be seen in the cross-sectional profile 264. For example, the frequencies of the sine function 240 and / or the square wave function 242 can be combined to form a periodic "modulation function," and thus shape the features and / or properties of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile of the optical element. Figure 2G As shown, the smoothness of the transition between the dimensions and contours of the substrate lens surface and the optical element 264, including, for example, the rate of change of the radius of curvature at the transition points (258, 259, 260, and 261), can be at least partially controlled by the frequency of the sine function 240, while the length of the element portion (e.g., 262) and the spacing of the elements (e.g., 263) can be at least partially controlled by the frequency of the square wave function 242. Therefore, a high-frequency term applied to the sine function 240 can generate a faster change in the radius of curvature at the transition points (244 between element 264 and substrate lens surface 202), starting at approximately 259 and ending at approximately 260. Conversely, a lower frequency of the sine function 240 can produce a slow and gradual change in the radius of curvature at the transition point between element 264 at 259 and substrate lens surface 202 at, for example, 260. Also as Figure 2G As shown, the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 264, including, for example, the length of region 262 and the spacing between elements (e.g., 263), can be controlled by the frequency of square wave function 242. For example, a high frequency can generate shorter lengths of 262 and 263, while a lower frequency of square wave function 242 can generate longer lengths of 262 and 263.

[0159] In some embodiments, at least one or more of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be designed, for example, to have multiple (and, for example, smaller) elements, while in other embodiments, the desired ophthalmic lens application may require fewer and / or larger and / or more contour geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, such as free-form, and / or more varying power distributions and / or other characteristics or interactions with other parts of the ophthalmic lens, including, for example, having or not having a smooth and continuous surface in the modulation region and a non-modulation portion for transition to the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, by changing Figure 2C The square wave frequency term in the periodic function 225 f sgn , Figure 2A The magnitude of the square wave (Tsgn, 223) along the modulation direction 209 in the defined region 204 of the ophthalmic lens can be controlled, which means that... Figure 2G Shorter or longer flat peaks (e.g. 262) and flat valleys (e.g. 263) can be designed, for example, to change the number, size, shape, and profile of geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements formed in the region on the lens, thereby controlling the derived optical effects.

[0160] like Figure 2G As shown, the sine function 240 is used in conjunction with a periodic function term (e.g., square wave function term 242). f sin The frequency of the transition can determine the rate (e.g., fast or slow) of surface curvature change between geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of an optical element design. Figure 2F and Figure 2G As shown in more detail below, the terms of the two periodic functions 240 and 242, i.e., of the form: Where i = 1, 2, 3... and and In some implementations, a smooth and continuous transition can be achieved in the modulation direction between the peaks 258, 259 and the valleys 260, 261 of the element. Therefore, in some implementations, the "modulation function" can now be generally described as follows: Figure 2H The following are shown and can be expressed as y and x;

[0161]

[0162] in

[0163] k=1,2,3...

[0164] Tsgn = (2i+1)*Tsin where i = 1, 2, 3...

[0165]

[0166] Figure 2I The rear surface geometry 202 of an ophthalmic lens 200, which incorporates multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements (e.g., 265, 266) within an annular region 204, is shown. The lens 200 has a central region 203, a modulation region 204, and an outer peripheral region 205. The locations of slice segments 263a and cross-sections 263b, as well as a three-dimensional strip view (263c), are also shown, providing further details of the geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements, including frequency, contour, surface continuity, and depth. Figure 2I The lens geometry can be compared with Figure 2A The lens 200 shown is similarly configured, for example, having a central region 203, and wherein the modulated geometric parameters are along the direction in region 204 between region 203 and the outer peripheral region 205. (209) The radius of curvature R modulated as follows ( Figure 1B 106 in the middle): = to rm , And the modulation function is as follows Figure 2C The high-frequency sine function 224 described herein (e.g., without square wave 223). Multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, such as 265, 266, in region 204 may be shown as recesses or depressions entering the rear surface 202 of the lens, as shown in cross-section 263b, and may be small and highly curved, and may generate a highly aberrant focal power distribution. Thus, the optical effect of each shape (e.g., 265, 266) may reduce image quality, such as MTF or image contrast, compared to contour elements, which may, for example, have more or less focal power than required to focus on the retinal image plane, and may have fewer or no aberrations, or even be spherical. In some embodiments, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements (e.g., 265, 266) are formed in the modulation region, for example, as... Figure 2I The annular region 204 shown can provide a combination of optical effects that may be desired for a particular application. In some embodiments, ophthalmic lenses produced by the surface modulation process described herein can result in the ophthalmic lens comprising at least one or more modulation regions of the lens, which are filled with at least one or more (e.g., multiple) spaced-apart geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements that provide the desired optical effects. For example, Figure 2IThe high frequencies of small, spaced-apart, highly curved, and aberrant geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics 265, 266 can collectively degrade the image quality of the image formed within the wearer's eye. In some embodiments, for example, for ophthalmic lenses used for myopia control, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may be located in at least a portion of the peripheral zone and may form a treatment priority zone alongside the visual priority zone on or within the ophthalmic lens to correct refractive errors in progressive myopia. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treatment priority zone may contain geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics that can reduce the contrast of the retinal image formed on the retinal plane. In some embodiments, the focus formed by the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may form hyperopic defocus behind the retina or myopic defocus in front of the retinal plane. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may be designed and contoured to form a through focuslight distribution extending across at least one or more hyperopic and / or myopic or focused focal points. In some embodiments, the focal point formed by a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element can be an off-axis focal point and / or an on-axis focal point. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element can form a focal point that can help extend the depth of focus and can be used for myopia control applications or refractive error correction, including myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, or for correcting far, intermediate, and near focal points, as well as any intermediate focal point presbyopic refractive errors. In some embodiments, the optical contour distribution can be shaped and / or contoured to provide one (or more) focal points substantially close to or around the retinal image plane, but image quality may be reduced compared to conventional focal points, and thus the image quality at or near the retinal image plane may not be defocused but has aberrations to provide, for example, reduced contrast compared to a typical retinal image focal point from a defocused or light-scattering-related image. In some embodiments, this type of optical effect can be created by a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element that can (e.g., by a phase-modulated contour element designed with approximately zero diopter or other optical principles) be afocal or substantially afocal.

[0167] Figure 2J A three-dimensional strip cross-sectional view (270) of the modulated rear surface geometry 271 of an ophthalmic lens incorporating multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 272A-272H within an annular region 274 is shown. The lens 270 has a central region 273, a modulation region 274, and an outer peripheral region 275. An enlarged view 280 is also shown, displaying a three-dimensional view of one of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 272E formed on the lens, including contours, surface continuity, and depth. Figure 2JThe lens geometry can be similar to Figure 2I The lens 200 shown is configured, for example, where the modulation parameter is a geometric parameter, such as in the direction of region 204. (209) The radius of curvature R modulated as follows: = to rm , But except in Figure 2I In addition to the high-frequency sine function 240 used to generate the modulation surface, the lower-frequency periodic square wave function 242 can also be combined to generate Figure 2J Lens surface 271, such as Figure 2H As described in [the text] (the final "modulation function"). Therefore, similar to... Figure 2I The lens, Figure 2J The long strip section 270 on the lens surface can have a design based on previous work. Figure 2A The initial substrate rear surface geometry of the lens rear surface 202 described herein, and can be obtained by... Figure 2H The modulation function is applied to parameter R to produce a frequency from 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) within the "modulation range" along the desired direction in the defined region 274. Modify the radius of curvature R to form the final modulation surface geometry 271. Figure 2J In the implementation shown, the frequency (f) of the "modulation function" sgn It can be changed, for example, from the form used to form Figure 2I The high-frequency sine function 240 of the lens surface 202 is changed to Figure 2H The periodic "modulation function" described herein is used to create new arrangements of geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements, such as the surface contour of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 264. (As in...) Figure 2J As shown in the 3D elongated segment 270 of the rear surface 271, rear surface modulation forms eight geometrically defined shape and / or contour element optical elements 272A to 272H in a defined region 274. Description Figure 2J The "modulation function" of the lens can include the following low-frequency terms:

[0168] Number of cycles in the defined region And the final modulated surface geometry can be described as follows:

[0169]

[0170] in

[0171]

[0172] k=[l,2,3...] .

[0173] Tsgn = (2i + 1) * Tsin, where i = [1, 2, 3...] and i is the angle between 0 and 360 degrees around the lens. The integer product of Tsin.

[0174] A three-dimensional view of the elongated section 270 of the rear surface 271 shows a recess. Figure 2J Samples of eight elements 272A to 272H in the rear surface of the resulting surface of an ophthalmic lens. Window 280 shows a single shape / element 272A and reveals more details about its shape, profile, and intersection with the substrate rear surface 271. The shape of element 272A is generally rectangular, indicating that the shape / element is longer in the circumferential direction 277 than in the radial direction 278. The shape / element has a portion 279 with a relatively stable radius of curvature and a concave surface of the shape / element can be formed into the lens rear surface 271. The shape / element forms a smooth and continuous surface along its intersection with the substrate surface 271, for example, as shown at positions 275 and 276 in the modulation direction 281, wherein there is a gradual transition 282, 283 between the non-modulated substrate surface region 271 and the substrate of the element surface recess 284 formed by the shape / element 272A. Shape / element 272A also forms a sharp return (discontinuity) to the substrate surface 271 at 285, 286 and 287 in the radial direction.

[0175] Figure 2K It shows Figure 2JPlan view 288 and sagittal and tangential power maps 289, 290 show the geometry of the rear surface 271 of the exemplary ophthalmic lens surface 271. As shown in plan view 288, eight geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 272A to 272H can be seen on the rear surface 271 in a modulation region 274 located between the central region 273 and the outer peripheral region 275 of the ophthalmic lens. The sagittal power map 289 and the included refractive power show that the lens base power is approximately -2D, and the eight individual elements can be substantially identical in power distribution. Considering, for example, one of the elements 272A, the element can have a varying power distribution, where the central portion 291 contains a relatively more positive 0D power, while the peripheral portions of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements have a relatively smaller positive power at 292 and 293 than the central portion 291. Tangential power diagram 290 reveals that the power of the eight shapes / optical elements 272A-272H can be substantially the same in power distribution, and considering, for example, one of elements 272A, this element can have a sharply varying power distribution, for example, the relative positive power radially across the element decreases from about +13.3D in the inner portion 294 to about -19.3D in the outer portion 295. The element / shape center power can have a relatively more positive peak center power at 296 than the -19.3D outer element portion 295 and can also be relatively more positive than the base power. The exemplary shape / element 272A can also have a sharp increase in positive power at 297 and a radial decrease in positive power at the discontinuity point 298 between the base lens surface and the shape / element 272A. The shapes and / or contours of the plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 272A-H in region 274 can provide, for example, a power distribution and / or aberration distributions of higher order, thereby producing optical properties that can reduce image quality compared to contour elements, which may have, for example, more or less power and fewer aberrations or even be spherical, compared to the desired power focused on the retinal image plane. In some embodiments, the plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are formed in the modulation region, for example, as Figure 2I Alternatively, the annular region 274 shown in 2J-2K can provide a combination of optical effects that may be desired for a particular application. In some embodiments, ophthalmic lenses produced by the surface modulation process described herein can result in ophthalmic lenses comprising at least one or more modulation regions of the lens, which are filled with at least one or more (e.g., multiple) spaced-apart geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements that provide the desired optical effects.

[0176] Further control over the geometry of the modulation surface can be achieved by defining additional terms and conditions for the range of modulation values ​​in the periodic function. For example, in some embodiments, the features and / or properties of the geometry-defined shape and / or profile optical element can be designed by applying further conditions to the modulation function terms (including, for example, the frequency, height, width, length, rate of change, transition, etc. of the function cycle).

[0177] Figure 3 A plan view 300A of the modulated rear surface geometry 302 of an ophthalmic lens 301, a sagittal power diagram 300B and a tangential power diagram 300C of an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens including a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements 306-311 in an annular region 304 are shown. The lens 301 has a central region 303, a modulation region 304 and an outer peripheral region 305. Figure 3 The lens geometry can be, for example, Figure 2J Lens 200 in / 2K is similarly configured, wherein the modulated geometric parameter is the radius of curvature R modulated on region 204. Figure 1B (of 106), but different from Figure 2J The lens can form a modulation function with a lower frequency and fewer elements, for example, only 6 elements (306-311). The geometry of the initial substrate back surface (before modulation) is based on... Figure 2A The rear surface 203 of the lens in the image can be determined by applying a lower frequency term to the parameter R. Figure 2H The "modulation function" is used to adjust the frequency from 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) within the "modulation range" along the desired direction in the defined region 304. Modify R to form the final modulated rear surface geometry 302 of lens 301 ( Figure 3 (300A in the example). In some implementations, the number of elements can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and / or 10.

[0178] exist Figure 3 In the implementation scheme, the frequency (f) of the modulation function sgn ) can be applied to Figure 2J The higher frequencies of the lenses described in / 2K are changed to lower frequencies to create new configurations of geometrically defined shapes and / or profiled optical elements (306-311). This can be achieved by setting the frequency term's cycle number in the defined region to 6. , = Substitution Figure 2HThe “modulation function” described herein modulates (e.g., reduces) the frequency applied to parameter R in the “modulation function” to achieve the desired effect. Figure 3 Fewer (e.g., six) geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements 306 to 311 are formed on the lens surface 302, thereby altering the "modulation function" and thus the modulation surface geometry 302. Modulation forms the rear surface geometry 302 in which the six contoured optical elements 306 to 311 are recessed. Figure 3 In the posterior surface 302 of region 304 of the ophthalmic lens 301. Similar to, for example... Figure 2J and Figure 2K The elements shown, elements 306-311, are generally rectangular in shape. Considering one of elements 311, which is longer in the circumferential direction 312 than in the radial direction 313, it may have a portion 314 with a relatively stable radius of curvature and form a concave surface in region 304 that enters the rear surface 302 of the lens. Geometrically defined shapes and / or contours: Optical elements 306-311 may form smooth and continuous surfaces in the modulation direction 318. For example, considering element 307 at 316 and 317, the element surface gradually contours to the recessed substrate surface 319. Shapes / elements, such as element 309, also form sharper transitions in the radial direction at 320, 321, and 322. Sagittal power diagram 300B shows six geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 306 to 311 in the modulation region 304 of ophthalmic lens 301. The refractive power of 300B is approximately -2D at the lens base, and individual elements 306 to 311 are substantially identical (or similar) in power distribution. Considering, for example, one of elements 311, this element may have a varying power distribution, where the relatively more positive peak center power 323 is 0D, and the edges of the element at 324 and 325 have relatively smaller positive power than the central portion 323. Tangential power diagram 300C shows that the six geometrically defined shape / profile optical elements 306 to 311 may be substantially identical in power distribution, and considering, for example, optical element 311, this element may have a strongly varying power distribution, for example, the relative positive power across the element decreases from approximately +13.3D in the inner portion 327 to approximately -19.3D in the outer portion 328. The central focal power 329 of the element / shape can have a slightly more, substantially more, approximately the same, or slightly less central focal power than the base focal power (-2D). Similar to other elements in region 304, element 309 can also have a sharp increase in positive focal power at 330 and a decrease in positive focal power radially at 331 at the discontinuity between the base lens surface and the shape / element 309. One or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 306-311 in region 304 can provide, for example, a focal power distribution and / or aberration distributions, resulting in optical properties that can significantly or slightly degrade image quality. Figure 3 The fewer shapes / elements formed on the lens surface shown can provide more than Figure 2K The lower fill factor of the lens allows it to be designed to provide lower image quality variation on the retinal plane, thus improving vision, wearability, and compliance in progressive myopia patients using ophthalmic lenses for myopia control.

[0179] Figure 4A and 4B Another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 400 comprising a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein is shown. In this example, the optical elements are applied along the same direction for... Figure 3 The ophthalmic lens 301 has a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element “modulation function”, modulation parameters and modulation value range formed on its surface, but applied to three annular regions at different frequencies.

[0180] Figure 4A A plan view of the modulated rear surface geometry 402 of the ophthalmic lens 400 is shown, which shows several annular regions, including a central region 403 and an inner peripheral region with four annular regions 404-408 surrounded by an outer annular peripheral portion 409. Figure 4B A further planar view 400A of the lens posterior surface 402 is shown, illustrating geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements 422, 424, and 426 formed by “modulation functions” applied to the lens posterior surfaces in regions 404, 406, and 408, respectively. Other regions 403, 405, 407, and 409 are not modulated and may contain substrate surface geometries that contribute to forming a substrate power distribution to correct refractive errors in ophthalmic lens wearers. Also shown... Figure 4A The sagittal power diagram 400B and tangential power diagram 400C of the ophthalmic lens 400. For example... Figure 4A As shown, the three modulation regions 404, 406, and 408 can be located between: rs1 and rm1; rs2 and rm2; and rs3 and rm3, and the manner in which the geometrically defined shape and / or contour of the optical element is created can be similar to, for example, in Figure 2J-2K The exemplary implementation describes the way geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements are generated. For example, the radius of curvature R can be set at desired frequencies from 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) within the modulation range along the desired direction in each of the three defined regions (404, 406, and 408). (like Figure 2A Modulation is performed at position 209. Therefore, the new rear surface geometry 402 of lens 400 can be achieved by substituting new frequency and angle terms into, for example... Figure 2H The general "modulation function" described in [the document] is used to generate [the function], for example, for all three regions, the angle can be adjusted as follows (e.g., [the function]). The new modulation surface geometry, consisting of only one modulation cycle, can be described as follows (assuming the value of r can be on the surface); Figure 4A r in <re):

[0181]

[0182] like Figure 4BAs shown, individual geometrically defined shapes and / or profile optical elements 422, 424, 426 can be formed in three regions 404, 406, 408 of the ophthalmic lens surface 402 and can be generally rectangular in shape and can be recessed or recessed into the rear surface of the lens. They can be configured to have substantially similar widths 412 and distances 414 between each optical element and can also have substantially different circumferential dimensions 416. The optical profile element 422 spans the minimum angular distance from the center 448, while the outermost optical profile element 426 spans the widest angular distance; therefore, all three optical profile elements can have different dimensions. Sagittal focal length plot 400B shows a significant variation in focal length distribution along each individual element (e.g., the edges 4221, 4222 of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 422 have relatively lower focal lengths (e.g., smaller negative focal lengths) than the central portion 4223). However, tangential focal length plot 400C shows that the focal lengths of each optical element (e.g., element 426) differ at the innermost edge 417 and the outermost edge 418, and the focal length difference increases radially (absolute focal length difference) across each element and between each element 422, 424, and 426. Shapes / elements, such as element 424, can also be seen in 400B to form smooth and continuous surfaces at 427 and 428 in the modulation direction, where a gradual transition (represented as gray areas 429 in 400A and 400B) smoothly transitions downward from the non-modulation surface region 402 to the substrate of the surface recess 434 (400A) formed by shape / element 424. Each optical element, such as 424... (400B) can form a sharp return (discontinuity) to the substrate at 433, 435 in the radial direction. The sagittal power diagram 400B and the included refractive power diagram show that the lens substrate power is approximately -2D, and that the individual elements are substantially identical in power distribution; for example, element 424 can have a varying power distribution, where the relatively more positive central power 444 is 0D, and the edges of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements at 427 and 428 have relatively smaller positive powers than the central portion 444. The tangential power diagram 400C reveals that the power distribution of the three optical elements can also be... The general structure is the same, but takes into account, for example, that element 426 can have a dramatically varying power distribution, such as a radial decrease in relative positive power across the element from approximately +40.9D in the inner portion 418 to approximately -47.7D in the outer portion 417. The central power of the optical element at 446 can be relatively more positive than that of the outer element portion 417 and also relatively more positive than the base power (-2D). The shape / element 426 can also increase sharply in positive power at 418 and decrease radially in positive power at 417 at the discontinuity between the base lens surface 402 and the optical element 426.Although the center of the element in each of these three regions is radially aligned (i.e., without offset, for example, the centers 432, 434, 436 of the element may be positioned along a radial line 465 passing through the lens center 448 of lens 400A), in some embodiments, it may be necessary to apply an offset to one or more regions such that the center of the optical element in one or more regions is not radially aligned with the center of the optical element in other regions of the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, one or more regions of the ophthalmic lens may include multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be different (or the same) in size. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in each region may not be radially aligned with the shape or element in another region. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in each region may be randomly distributed within one region and relative to another region of the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in each region may be distributed within one region and relative to another region of the ophthalmic lens such that the elements form a patterned arrangement, such as a checkerboard or hexagonal or grid or diagonal or concentric or spiral pattern.

[0183] Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens surface is shown, which includes, for example, [a portion] located on the surface of the ophthalmic lens in relation to [other components]. Figure 4A Multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are described in the same three annular regions. However, in this example, six geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be formed in each of the three annular regions 504, 506, and 508 on the rear surface 502 of the ophthalmic lens 500. A plan view 500A of the geometry 502 of the modulated rear surface of the ophthalmic lens 500 shows several annular regions, including a central region 503 and an inner peripheral portion surrounded by an outer annular peripheral portion 509, comprising five annular regions 504-508. Six geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, such as 522, 524, and 526, may be formed in each region 504, 506, and 508 respectively by a “modulation function” applied to the rear surface of the lens in each modulation region. Other regions 503, 505, 507, and 509 may not be modulated and may contain a base surface geometry that helps to form a base power distribution to correct refractive errors in the wearer of the ophthalmic lens. Also shown Figure 5 The sagittal power map 500B and tangential power map 500C of the ophthalmic lens 500. Similar to... Figure 4A The three modulation regions 504, 506, and 508 shown in lenses 400 and 500A can be located between: rs1 and rm1; rs2 and rm2; and rs3 and rm3 (as shown). Figure 4A(as shown), and the way to generate geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements can be similar to that shown in Figure 2J-2K The exemplary implementation describes how geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements are created. For example, the radius of curvature (R) can range from 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) within the modulation range of 3 defined regions ( Figure 5 The desired direction of each upper edge in (504, 506, and 508) ( Figure 2A Modulation is performed at position 209. Therefore, it can be achieved by substituting the new frequency and angle terms. Figure 2H The generic “modulation function” described herein (e.g., the frequency of the chosen “modulation function”) allows each of the three regions 504, 506, and 508 to contain six geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements (instead of a single element as shown in Figure 4) to generate a new rear surface geometry 502 for the lens 500. The modulation surface geometry can be as follows:

[0184]

[0185] As shown in 500A, six geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements can be formed in each of the three regions 504, 506, and 508 of the ophthalmic lens surface 502. Elements 522, 524, and 526 (Figure 500A) can be generally rectangular in shape and can be recessed or recessed into the rear surface 502 of the lens. They can be configured to have substantially similar widths 512 and distances 514 between each optical element and also have significantly different circumferential dimensions 516. The optical contour element, such as element 522, spans the minimum angular distance from the center 548, while the outermost optical contour element, such as 526, spans the widest angular distance; therefore, all three optical contour elements have different dimensions. Sagittal focal length plot 500B shows that the focal length distribution varies substantially along each individual element (e.g., the edges 5221, 5222 of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 522 have relatively lower focal lengths (e.g., smaller negative focal lengths) than the central portion 5223). However, tangential focal length plot 500C shows that the focal lengths of each optical element (e.g., element 526) are different at the innermost edge 518 and the outermost edge 517, and the focal length difference increases radially across each element and between each element 522, 524, and 526 (e.g., absolute focal length difference). Shapes / elements, such as element 524, may also be formed with smooth and continuous surfaces at 527 and 528 in the modulation direction in 500B. Each optical element, such as 524, may form a sharp return (discontinuity) to the substrate surface in the radial direction at 533, 535. Sagittal focal length plot 500B and the included refractive index show that the lens substrate focal length is approximately -2D, and the individual elements have different focal lengths. While the distributions are substantially the same, for example, element 524 can have a varying power distribution, where the relatively more positive central power 544 is 0D and the edges of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optics at 527 and 528 have relatively smaller positive powers than the central portion 544. Tangential power diagram 500C reveals that the powers of the three optics can also be substantially the same in power distribution, and considering, for example, element 526, which can have a strongly varying power distribution, for example, the relative positive power across the element decreases radially from approximately +40.9D in the inner portion 518 to approximately -47.7D in the outer portion 517. The central power of the optics at 544 can have a relatively more positive central power than the outer element portion 517 and can also be relatively more positive than the base power (-2D). The shape / element 526 can also increase sharply in positive power at 518 and decrease radially in positive power at 517 at the discontinuity between the base lens surface 502 and the optics 526.Although the center of the element in each of the three regions is radially aligned (i.e., not offset, for example, where the centers of the elements 542, 544, 546 can be located along a radial line 565 passing through the center of the lens 548), in some embodiments it may be desirable to apply an offset to one or more regions such that the center of the optical element in one region is not radially aligned with the center of the optical element in other regions of the ophthalmic lens.

[0186] Figure 6 Another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens surface is shown, which includes a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements on the ophthalmic lens surface, the plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements being located in relation to... Figure 5 The same three annular regions described in ophthalmic lens 500. However, in Figure 6 In one implementation, the modulation function applied to each annular region can have different terms, resulting in different arrangements of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics designed on the rear surface of the ophthalmic lens 600. For example... Figure 6 As shown in the diagram, a plan view 600A of the modulated rear surface geometry 602 of the ophthalmic lens 600 shows several annular regions, including a central region 603 and an inner peripheral region surrounded by an outer annular peripheral portion 609, comprising five annular regions 604-608. (As previously stated in...) Figure 4A As shown, Figure 6 The three modulation regions 604, 606, and 608 can be located between: rs1 and rm1; rs2 and rm2; and rs3 and rm3, and the manner in which the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element is generated can be similar to Figure 2J-2K In exemplary embodiments, the optical element is formed in a manner that defines its geometric shape and / or profile, for example, the radius of curvature R can range from 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) within the modulation range along the desired direction in each of the three defined regions (604, 606, and 608). (like Figure 2A Modulation is performed at position 209. Figure 6In one implementation, the frequency of the modulation function can be applied differently across the three regions; for example, the frequency term in the third (outermost) region 608 can be increased relative to the other two inner regions 604, 606, and this can result in more optical elements formed in the outer region 608 than in the two inner regions 604 and 606 (10 compared to 6 and 6 elements respectively). Additionally, the phase of the modulation function applied to the third region 608 can differ from the other regions, such that the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements (e.g., element 626a) in the third region 608 can be radially offset (e.g., not starting from the same angular position) compared to the elements (e.g., 622a and 624a) formed in the other two regions 604 and 606. Therefore, the center of element 626a (636) may not fall on the radial line 648 as the centers 632 and 634 of the other two elements (622a and 624a, respectively). Figure 6 The frequency and phase terms included in the modulation function of the rear surface 602 of the ophthalmic lens 600 shown can be written as:

[0187] = , = and =

[0188] Therefore, the new surface geometry 602 can be generated by substituting these new frequency and phase terms into the "modulation function" describing the geometry, and can be written as follows:

[0189]

[0190] As shown in plan view 600A of modulation surface 602, the six geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements generated in regions 604 and 606, and the ten elements generated in region 608, such as optical elements 622a, 624a, and 626a respectively, may be generally rectangular in shape and may be recessed or recessed into the posterior surface 602 of the ophthalmic lens surface, and may have significantly different circumferential dimensions (616a-c) but similar radial widths (612a-c). As discussed above, the optical elements in regions 604 and 606 may be in phase with each other, while in the outer region 608, the optical elements may be at least partially radially offset and increased in number (10 vs. 6 respectively). The optical contour elements in the innermost region 604, such as element 622a, span the minimum angular distance 616a, while the outermost optical contour elements, such as 626a, span the widest angular distance 616c; therefore, all three optical contour elements may have different dimensions, such as area and / or volume. The sagittal power diagram 600B and the included refractive power diagram show that the base power of the lens is approximately -2D, and the power distribution of each element within and across regions 604, 606, and 608 can be substantially the same. The exemplary element 624a in region 606 shows a significant variation in power distribution along the individual element (e.g., the edges 627, 628 of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 624a may have relatively low power (e.g., smaller negative power) compared to a relatively more centered portion (e.g., at 634), and this power may be greater than, for example, the base power provided by region 603. However, the tangential power diagram 600C shows the power of each optical element. Considering, for example, element 626a, the power at the innermost edge 618 may differ from the power at the outermost edge 617; furthermore, the power varies radially across each element (absolute power difference). In some embodiments, the power distribution of each optical element may be similar to that of other optical elements within a region and as shown in the tangential power diagram 600C. In some embodiments, the tangential power variation within a region and / or Elements across different regions may be dissimilar. As shown in 600C, the focal power of optical elements in regions 604, 606, and 608 may differ in their focal power distribution. For example, element 626a may have a strongly varying focal power distribution, such as a radial decrease in relative positive focal power across the element from approximately +40.9D in the inner portion 618 to approximately -47.7D in the outer portion 617. In contrast, the exemplary element 622a from the innermost region 604 may have a less strongly varying focal power distribution from the inner portion 620 to the outer portion 621. As shown in the plan view 600A of the ophthalmic lens, each shape / element may form a smooth and continuous surface at 627 and 628 in the modulation direction, wherein gradual transitions 627, 628 transition between the non-modulation surface region 602 and the substrate of the surface recess 644 formed by shape / element 622a.The optical elements in the three regions can form a sharper transition at 635 in the radial direction.

[0191] As shown in 600A, the center centers of elements in the two regions 604 and 608 can be radially aligned (e.g., not offset) (e.g., where the centers 632 and 634 of elements 622a and 624a can be positioned along a radial line 648 passing through the lens center 647), while the elements in the outermost region 608 may not be radially aligned with the elements in regions 604 and 608 (e.g., offset) (e.g., where the center 636 of element 626a may not be positioned along a radial line 648 passing through the lens center 647). In some embodiments, it may be desirable to apply an offset to one or more regions, such that the center of an optical element in one region is not radially aligned with the centers of other optical elements in different regions of the ophthalmic lens. For example, offsetting or randomizing the geometrically defined shape and / or contour of optical elements can mitigate or alleviate adverse optical effects such as distortion, dynamic visual disturbances caused by head movement, halos, visual ghosting or overlap, or visual blurring, or reduced visual contrast compared to a more ordered, regularly patterned arrangement.

[0192] In some embodiments, one or more regions of an ophthalmic lens may include a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. Varying the relative number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics between regions on the surface of the ophthalmic lens can provide, for example, improved ophthalmic lenses in myopia control applications. Improved ophthalmic lenses for myopia control may require a more controlled distribution of optical properties, including, for example, defocus and prisms, to increase the lens's myopia control efficacy and / or wearability. For example, regions closer to the center of the lens may require a different number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics or different power and / or power distributions of these optics compared to more outer or peripheral regions of the lens. In some embodiments, lens wearability can be improved by reducing the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics compared to more outermost regions of the lens or by reducing the power and / or power distribution in inner regions. In some embodiments, lens wearability can be improved by reducing the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics compared to a lower region of the lens (e.g., below the lens center) or by reducing the power and / or power distribution in an upper region (e.g., above the lens center). In some embodiments, lens wearability can be improved by reducing the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics compared to other quadrants of the lens (e.g., the temporal or nasal quadrant starting from the lens center) or by reducing the power and / or power distribution in a quadrant of the lens (e.g., in the nasal or temporal quadrant starting from the lens center). In some embodiments, myopia control effectiveness can be improved by changing the number of shapes and / or elements compared to other regions of the lens (e.g., increasing them around the lens center) or by changing the power and / or power distribution of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics closer to the lens center. In some embodiments, myopia control effectiveness can be improved by alternating the power and / or power distribution of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics over a region of the lens (e.g., laterally, vertically, or diagonally). In some implementations, the effectiveness of myopia control can be improved by altering other optical properties of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics on the lens region (e.g., defocus, prism power, light scattering, diffraction, diffusion, dispersion, aberration, deviation, contrast, and light amplitude modulation). In some implementations, ophthalmic lenses with different modulation optical properties can be incorporated into a lenticule therapy system. For example, an ophthalmic lens with geometrically modulated parameters (e.g., radius curvature) can initially be prescribed to the user, providing a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics with refractive defocus that can effectively control myopia progression for a period of time (e.g., 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, or 1 year), but thereafter the effectiveness in controlling myopia progression deteriorates or is lost.However, a second pair of ophthalmic lenses can then be dispensed from the lens therapy system, which can incorporate geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements that can be modulated by different optical principles (e.g., light scattering parameters, such as surface roughness), thus producing different types of retinal image quality from different optical properties, thereby stimulating retinal receptors in an alternating and effective manner to update myopia control effectiveness. In some embodiments, any combination of optical principles can be used simultaneously (in tandem) or sequentially between or in pairs to periodically alter the optical signal to the retinal receptors. The modulated ophthalmic lenses used in the therapy system can be used for short periods of time, from a few hours within a day, or for a day or longer, or for weeks or months or longer.

[0193] Figure 7 A plan view of another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, which includes geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens as described herein. In order to... Figure 7 A rear surface 702 is generated on the ophthalmic lens 700. The modulation function, modulation parameters, modulation region, and modulation value range for forming a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element on the surface 402 of the ophthalmic lens 400 from FIG4 are applied in the same direction, but the angle of the modulation region is adjusted to form a single geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element in a single annular region. Figure 7 Plan view 700A shows a modulation geometry of the posterior surface 702 of an ophthalmic lens 700, which combines several regions including a central region 703 and an inner peripheral region 704, which incorporates a single geometrically defined shape and / or contour optic element 706, and an outer region 705, which may resemble region 703, incorporating the base lens power distribution to at least partially correct refractive errors in the ophthalmic lens wearer. Plan view 700A of the lens posterior surface geometry 703 shows the size, shape, and location of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optic element 706 formed by applying a modulation function to the lens posterior surface in region 704. Figure 7 The image also shows the sagittal power diagram 700B and the tangential power diagram 700C of the ophthalmic lens 700. (For example...) Figure 4A As shown, modulation region 704 can be located between rs1 and rm1; the way geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements can be created is similar to... Figure 2J-2K The exemplary implementation generates geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements in a manner similar to, for example, in the range of 0 to +2. Rm (Where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the modulation range added to the maximum value of the radius of curvature R) along the desired direction on the defined region 704. ( Figure 2AIn the context of 209), the modulation curvature radius R is used. Therefore, this can be achieved by substituting the new angle term into... Figure 2H The general "modulation function" described herein allows the angle to be adjusted to include only one modulation cycle within the defined region 704 to create a new rear surface 702. A single geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 706 is formed and may be generally rectangular in shape and may be recessed or recessed into the rear surface of the lens. Sagittal focal length plot 700B shows a significant variation in focal length distribution along optical element 706 (e.g., the edges 711, 712 of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 706 have relatively lower focal length (e.g., smaller negative focal length) than the central portion 713). However, tangential focal length plots show that the focal length of optical element 706 can differ at the innermost edge 721 and the outermost edge 723, and the focal length difference varies radially (absolute focal length difference). Considering element 706 in 700A, the element can form a smooth and continuous surface at 724 and 725 in the modulation direction between the non-modulation surface region 703 or 705 and the center of the element surface 713 formed by the shape / element 706, but can form a sharper transition in the radial direction at 735. Tangential focal length plot 700C reveals that the focal length of the optical element can also have a strongly varying focal length distribution, for example, the relative positive focal length radially across the element decreases from about +26.9D in the inner portion 721 to about -34.6D in the outer portion 723.

[0194] In some embodiments, at least one geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may be large and may be located in any region of any lens surface; for example, the optical element may cover at least 10% or more of the lens surface area in the lower portion of the lens surface. In some embodiments, the surface area coverage may be 20% or more, or 40% or more, or 50% or more. In some embodiments, the large, lower geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may be designed to correct near refractive errors of presbyopia and may have a more correct power distribution than the base lens surface. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may be formed by a modulation function that may have terms forming a progressive power distribution. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to form a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element that can form a smooth and continuous surface with the base lens surface in the modulation direction of the modulation parameters, and in some embodiments, it may be desirable to form a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element that can form a smooth and continuous surface with the base lens surface in at least a portion of the optical element engagement or in at least each portion surrounding the optical element and in any direction.

[0195] Figure 8Another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens surface is shown, comprising multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements located on the ophthalmic lens surface in multiple annular regions. This exemplary embodiment uses the same modulation function, modulation parameters, and modulation value range applied in the same circumferential direction to the same initial surface geometry (but different base power) to form geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the exemplary ophthalmic lens in target modulation regions, as previously described in Figures 4-7. However, in Figure 8 In some implementations, the modulation function applied to the pre-modulated lens surface can have different frequency terms, resulting in different arrangements of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements designed on the rear surface of the ophthalmic lens 800. For example... Figure 8 As shown, a plan view 800A of the modulation geometry of the posterior surface 802 of the ophthalmic lens 800 combines a central region 803 with multiple (e.g., six) annular modulation regions 804 to 809 alternating with five annular regions of the unmodulated substrate lens surface. Each of the annular modulation regions 804 to 809 incorporates multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, and the alternating regions of the unmodulated substrate surface can be combined with the power distribution of the substrate lens to at least partially correct the refractive errors of the ophthalmic lens wearer. The plan view 800A of the lens posterior surface geometry 803 shows the size, shape, and position of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements formed by the modulation function applied to the posterior surface of the lens in regions 804 to 809. Figure 9A As shown, now in Figure 8 The six modulation regions 804 to 809 generated on the rear surface 802 of the lens can be located between rs1 and rm1; between rs2 and rm2; and up to between rs6 and rm6, and the manner in which the geometrically defined shape and / or contour of the optical element is generated can be similar to that in Figure 2J-2K In exemplary embodiments, the optical element is formed in a geometrically defined shape and / or profile, for example, the radius of curvature (R) can range from 0 to +2. Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) the modulation range along the desired direction in each of the six defined regions (804 to 809). ( Figure 2AModulation is performed on 209 in 804, and more elements are generated in each region from 804 to 809. As shown in Figure 800A, the geometrically defined shapes and / or profiles of the optical elements within each region (e.g., elements 808a and 808c in region 808 of 800A) and across regions (e.g., elements 804a to 809a in regions 804 to 809 of 800A) can have similar shapes, lengths (811 in 800A), and widths (812 in 800A) and therefore similar areas and / or volumes. Consequently, the modulation function can also be used by different frequency terms in each region, so the shape and / or number of elements in each region can be different; for example, fewer elements in the innermost region, such as 804, may have 12 elements of the same size, and the outermost region, such as 809, may have 40 elements of the same size. Importantly, the number of annular regions and / or the frequency value of the modulation function applied to each region can be selected to increase / decrease the fill rate (e.g., to obtain a desired fill rate). Fill rate can be defined as the proportion of a defined area on an ophthalmic lens that can be dedicated to geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements (and the resulting optical effects) (e.g., the area dedicated to the refractive power of the base lens that can correct refractive errors in the ophthalmic lens user). Figure 8 In the example shown, the resulting lens has a base power distribution of -3D, and a relatively corrected power within the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optics.

[0196] The sagittal (800B) and tangential (800C) power maps also reveal that the optical properties of elements in the sagittal meridian may be substantially the same across all elements and regions (e.g., 808a and 804a), but the tangential meridian may be similar across each region (e.g., 808a and 808c), although elements in different regions may differ. For example, the absolute power variation across each element may vary from the smallest difference in the innermost region 804 (e.g., element 804a) to the largest difference in the outermost region 809 (e.g., element 809a). In some embodiments, any parameter or characteristic of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element can be manipulated jointly or individually or in any combination thereof to alter the optical effects observed by the user of the ophthalmic lens.

[0197] As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure herein and the methods described herein, the number of regions and / or geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics within regions can be adjusted to achieve a desired fill rate or, more generally, a desired result. For example, in some embodiments, the number of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics in a region (e.g., a ring) can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 10 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 20 or fewer, 25 or fewer, 30 or fewer, etc. In some embodiments, the number of regions (e.g., rings) can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, any number (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 10 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 20 or fewer, 25 or fewer, 30 or fewer) of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be present in any combination with any number of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 regions (e.g., rings). In some embodiments, the focal power or focal power distribution of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in a region or between the regions may be different or the same. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in a region may be different, or the dimensions of each region containing the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be different.

[0198] The exemplary embodiments in Figures 1-8 illustrate the use of modulation functions, applicable to geometric or non-geometric parameters of ophthalmic lenses, to form different configurations and arrangements of geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements to produce the desired optical effects for users of ophthalmic lenses. As part of the design process, the modulation process can define several terms that control the geometrically designed shapes and / or contours of the optical elements, facilitating the realization of the optical design. One such term is the modulation direction within the defined modulation region, and Figures 1-8 can be described as being in the circumferential direction. (For example, such as) Figure 2A Modulation is performed on (as shown in 209) such that the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element can form a smooth and continuous surface with the substrate lens surface in the modulation direction as described in the exemplary figures herein. However, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to modulate in other directions, such as at least the radial direction. Above (for example, such as) Figure 1A (as shown) or in the circumferential and radial directions (e.g.) and Both modulate at least one or more geometric or non-geometric parameters in any region of the ophthalmic lens being modulated to generate geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements. In some embodiments, control of the modulation direction in the modulation function can produce geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements whose focal power varies continuously along the shape and element in the circumferential and radial (or all) directions, and can also produce geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements that form a smooth and continuous surface with the base lens surface in any (or all) direction.

[0199] Figure 9A A plan view of the surface of an ophthalmic lens is shown, the ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens, the plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements being formed in a modulated annular region by modulating the radius of curvature in both a plurality of circumferential and radial directions. Figure 9B Plan view 900A, sagittal power diagram 900B, and tangential power diagram 900C of the geometry of the rear surface of the modulated lens of an exemplary embodiment of the ophthalmic lens shown herein. Figure 9A The lens 900 has a rear surface 902; a central region 903, which, combined with a base lens surface, contributes to the power distribution of the ophthalmic lens 900 to correct the wearer's refractive errors; multiple modulation annular regions 904-909, which incorporate multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements; and multiple annular regions on the base lens surface, which alternate between the modulation annular regions, also contributing to the power distribution of the ophthalmic lens to correct the wearer's refractive errors. Figure 9B As illustrated in the 900A, multiple modulated annular regions 904-909 combine multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements. Modulation functions are applied to achieve modulation from 0 to +2... Rm (where 0 represents the unmodulated surface, and 2Rm is the maximum value added to the radius of curvature R) within a defined modulation value range in the circumferential direction (e.g., ) and radial direction (e.g. The modulation process modulates the radius of curvature R of the substrate lens surface in annular region 904. The modulation process can generate multiple geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements in each modulated annular region (e.g., the innermost region 904 defined between rs1 and re1). The modulation function may include terms that similarly modulate the radius of curvature of the substrate lens in the remaining other regions 905-909 to generate the same number of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements in each region, and may include additional specific terms that adjust the size of each optical element in each region. For example, as... Figure 9BAs shown in 900A, the innermost modulated annular region 904 and the outermost modulated annular region 909 each have 19 optical profile elements designed to be in phase with each other, i.e., the centers of each of the 19 optical profile elements can be aligned along the same radial axis 910. However, the size of the optical profile elements in region 909 can be larger than that in 904, for example, elements 909a and 904a respectively. This is because the multiple optical profile elements in each region can be generated by modulating the radius of curvature in both the circumferential and radial directions. Figure 9A Therefore, plan view 900A of the geometric surface shows that, as seen in the plan view of the surface geometry for exemplary element 908p in region 908, the transition between the optical element and the substrate lens surface is a smooth and continuous plane in both directions, at positions 911 and 912 in the circumferential direction and at positions 913 and 914 in the radial direction. The respective sagittal power diagrams 900B and tangential power diagrams 900C of the ophthalmic lens shown in FIG900B show that the individual elements (e.g., 908p in region 908) can have a varying sagittal power distribution in the circumferential direction. For example, the edges 911 and 914 of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 908p in region 908 can have a power variation compared to the central portion 913, similar to the aforementioned embodiments described in FIG2-8. Similarly, the tangential focal length diagram 900C shows that the individual elements (e.g., 908p in region 908) can have a varying tangential focal length distribution in the radial direction (e.g., the edges 911 and 912 of the exemplary geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 908p in region 908 can differ from the central portion 913, and thus may be different from the lens of the aforementioned embodiment, where modulation is only in the circumferential direction and there is no radial direction, and the transition of the element in the radial direction can show an abrupt transition of the surface geometry, as previously described in Figures 2-8).

[0200] Figure 9C The plot is drawn along the central optical region 903 ( Figure 9B The radial meridian 919 of 900A (in the middle) Figure 9B The tangential focal length distribution 900D and the sagittal focal length distribution 900E of 900A, and 921 to 926 located in... Figure 9A The center of each of the six optical elements (e.g., 921 to 926) in the modulation regions 902-908 of the ophthalmic lens shown. From 900D ( Figure 9C The tangential power distribution shown in the diagram indicates that the base lens power of the ophthalmic lens along the meridian (e.g., 919) is approximately -3D, and modulation of the radius of curvature in the radial direction produces, for example, a tangential power map cross-section, which shows the power of the formed shape and / or element along the meridian. Figure 9CThe radial direction shown at 920 between 922D and 92ID in 900D can have a more continuous variation (e.g., oscillations above and below the base lens power). Optical element 904 shows an oscillation of tangential power variation around -3D of the base lens power across element length 920, approximately in the range of +12D to +17D and -18D to -22D. The power variation around the base lens power gradually increases across the lens region, where the outermost element 909p in region 909 ( Figure 9A As shown in the diagram, it exhibits a variation of almost + / - 60D. It can also be seen in... Figure 9C As seen in 900E, after the clear central region 903, regions 904 to 909 include approximately +1.5 D of add power elements in the sagittal power distribution cross section 919. The three high positive power peaks shown as 920E in region 904 are the result of radial modulation within this region and other regions.

[0201] Furthermore, it may be desirable to modify the power and power distribution of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. In some embodiments, power variation within the element across the lens or within portions of the lens can be controlled in both the circumferential and radial directions, enabling optical designers to customize image quality and deliver optical signals to the eye for specific ophthalmic lens applications. For example, in some embodiments, the defocus distribution of an ophthalmic lens can be dispersed among different power values ​​within one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics on the surface of the ophthalmic lens to reduce the optical contrast of the image formed on the retinal image plane. Ophthalmic lenses that generally reduce retinal image contrast or filter (e.g., reduce, enhance, or eliminate) specific selected spatial frequencies may be useful for myopia control applications. In some embodiments, geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may form a smooth and continuous surface in any (or all) direction, but may not return to the base lens surface, for example, remaining at a height above and / or below the base lens surface. Figure 9AAs shown, modulation annular regions 904 to 909, incorporating multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, can alternate with annular regions of the substrate lens surface and the substrate lens power distribution, and can form a smooth and continuous transition in the circumferential and / or radial directions as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, modulation annular regions 904 to 909, including multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, can alternate with annular regions that may not be incorporating the substrate lens surface 902. For example, at least one or more alternating regions can also undergo a modulation process similar to that of modulation annular regions 904 to 909 and alternating annular regions between 904 and 909, and can now also incorporate multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements. In some embodiments, the modulation process can be varied when applied to geometric parameters. For example, a similar modulation function can be applied to the radius of curvature in one or more alternating annular regions between annular regions 904 and 909, but the range of modulation values ​​can differ from the modulation range applied in regions 902 to 909, for example, a smaller and less complex range, such that the resulting plurality of elements can have a smaller curvature change compared to regions 904 to 909 and thus can, for example, have a smaller power distribution than the plurality of elements in regions 904 to 909, but still be larger than the power distribution of the substrate lens surface. In some embodiments, the modulation direction can be circumferential and / or radial and can form a smooth and / or continuous transition between annular regions in the circumferential and / or radial direction or in any direction. In some embodiments, the modulation function of the surface modulating annular regions 904 to 909 and the alternating regions therebetween can be adjusted to generate fewer than a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements, for example, at least one geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element. In some embodiments, the element can form a complete ring and the entire annular lens surface can be occupied by the element. In some embodiments, at least one or more elements within a region or any region may have different modulation ranges of modulation parameters (e.g., radius of curvature), thereby generating, for example, a single annular element in at least one region, which may have a larger radius of curvature modulation range than another(or more) region (including alternating annular regions between regions 904 and 909). Thus, one or more of the annular regions 904 to 909 and / or the alternating annular regions between regions 904 and 909 may have one or more regions that have modulation, such as radius of curvature modulation, resulting in a different power distribution or optical characteristics compared to the pre-modulated substrate lens surface and / or any region (e.g., central region 903) that may be combined with a power distribution to correct refractive errors in ophthalmic lens users, such as a smaller or larger intensity.

[0202] In some embodiments, geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be generated by modulating the optical axis angle of the defined region. Similar to the radius of curvature, the optical axis of the defined region can be altered by applying a “modulation function” to this parameter. In some embodiments, this can result in the inclusion of prism power in the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. In some embodiments, the application of the modulation function on this region can cause the optical axis of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics on the surface to be offset relative to the optical axis of the base lens (e.g., laterally or in any direction). Any suitable technique for altering the optical axis can be used. In some embodiments, the center coordinates of the radius of curvature can be used as a parameter of the process to create desired optical and / or geometric properties. Similarly, any other optical properties can be manipulated to introduce desired optical effects into the design of an ophthalmic lens through modulation of geometric and / or non-geometric parameters as described herein. These optical effects can include refraction, non-refractive, diffraction, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation, or combinations of one or more of these optical properties.

[0203] Figure 10A -C describes another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens comprising multiple annular regions modulated by a modulation function to achieve the same effect as before. Figure 8 In the same arrangement shown, multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements are generated on the surface of the ophthalmic lens, wherein the optical elements may be substantially the same size and the number of elements in each region may be different. Figure 10A -B shows a cross-section of the geometry of a portion of the lens surface, which does not include ( Figure 10A ) and contain ( Figure 10B It is generated under the following conditions: in addition to the previous modulation, modulation of the secondary geometric parameter (ROC (radius of curvature) center position) is also used to generate it. Figure 8 The ophthalmic lens described in the text.

[0204] Figure 10C A planar view of the geometric surface is shown, along with a power map of the modulated ophthalmic lens surface. Figure 10 shows an ophthalmic lens (e.g.,...). Figure 10C (As shown) It may therefore have a central region 1003, which includes a base lens surface 1002 that facilitates the power distribution of the ophthalmic lens to correct the wearer's refractive error; six modulation annular regions 1004 to 1009 surrounding the central region 1003 and incorporating multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements; and multiple annular regions on the base lens surface that alternate between modulation regions 1004 to 1009, which may also facilitate the power distribution of the ophthalmic lens to correct the wearer's refractive error. Figure 10AThis shows a portion of a geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile element, including a central region 1003 and an innermost modulation region 1004, previously displayed. Figure 8 The cross-section of a portion of the posterior surface of the ophthalmic lens 1000 described herein (where the ROC center position is not modulated). The base lens surface 1001, included in the central region 1003, may have a central radius of curvature R and is surrounded by a modulated first annular region 1004, which has a modulation function along an angular direction. The modulation curvature radius RM1 is modulated along the circumference. The modulation function applied to the modulation region 1004 may not include modulation of the ROC center position parameter, for example, without the application of lateral axis separation (LSR) technology. In cross-section, the modulation curvature RM1 on region 1004 forms one of a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 1005, such as... Figure 10A The first region 1004 shown is generated on the surface of the ophthalmic lens. Tangents 1006 (from the surface having radius of curvature R) and 1007 (from the surface having radius of curvature RM1) formed at the intersection of curvature R and RM1 form a visible angle 1008 and may be related to the prominence of optical features on the lens surface. For example, the larger the angle, the more prominence the geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile elements may be to the wearer of the ophthalmic lens or (e.g., an observer viewing the ophthalmic lens worn by the wearer from a frontal position).

[0205] Similar to Figure 10A , Figure 10B As previously shown, a portion of a geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile element 1010, including a central region 1003 and an innermost modulation region 1004, is depicted. Figure 8 A cross-section of a portion of the posterior surface of the ophthalmic lens 1000 described herein. The base lens surface 1001, including a central region 1003, has a central radius of curvature R and is surrounded by a modulated first annular region 1004, which has a modulation function along an angular direction. The modulation curvature radius RM2 along the circumference. Figure 10B Lens use and Figure 10A The lens-like parameter R modulation, however, the modulation process applied to modulation region 1004 now includes modulation of the ROC center position parameter, such as lateral axis separation (LSR) technology, which is a term included in the modulation function and can be applied to modulation region 1004. The new modulation curvature RM2 in... Figure 10B A geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 1010 is formed in a first region 1004 on the surface of the ophthalmic lens shown. A tangent 1006 is formed at the intersection of curvatures R and RM2 (with the tangent from RM2). Figure 10A The visible angle 1016 is formed by the base lens surface 1006 (which is the same as 1006) and 1014 (from a surface with a radius of curvature Rm1). Figure 10B As shown, with Figure 10A Compared to the angle 1008 in the original image, the ROC center position modulation provided by the LSR technique, which applies the center coordinates of the radius of curvature RM2 applied to the modulation (e.g., shown as 1018), reduces the visible angle by 1016. Therefore, by modulating the optical axis parameters, the visually defined shape and / or profile optical elements formed on the surface of an ophthalmic lens can reduce conspicuousness and enhance the abrasion resistance and aesthetics of an ophthalmic lens incorporating such elements. In general, it should be readily understood that the visibility of any junction between two surfaces (e.g., differentiable surfaces) can be modeled (e.g., mathematically or otherwise).

[0206] Figure 10C It shows Figure 10B The geometric surface plan view 1000A, sagittal focal length map 1000B, and tangential focal length map 1000C of the modulated ophthalmic lens surface are described herein. As shown in the focal length maps, the modulated lens surface 1002 may contain multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens generated by a modulation process that includes modulating the radius of curvature and ROC center position parameter (LSR) in six annular modulation regions. However, as previously described, with Figure 10A Compared to a lens angle of 1008, parametric modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) can significantly reduce the visible angle by 1016 (therefore, compared to the lens angle of 1008). Figure 8 The geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements generated in the first region 804 of the lens 800 have the same visible angle, therefore... Figure 10C The geometry of the lens surface 1002 shown in the plan view 1000B can have very low visibility and the optical profile elements may be inconspicuous, for example, essentially invisible.

[0207] Therefore, the arrangement of multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements in multiple regions 1004 to 1009 (e.g., rings) may not be visible, but may exist in relation to... Figure 8 The rear surface geometry is located in essentially the same position as shown in Figure 800A. Similar to... Figure 8 Multiple relatively invisible geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements, such as Figure 10B Element 1010a in region 1004 shown in plan view 1000A can be with Figure 8 Similar elements in the image are positioned almost identically and can be identified solely by the focal length map. For example... Figure 10CAs shown, the power maps of lens 1000 (sagittal power map 1000B and tangential power map 1000C) show that the shape and / or number of elements differ in each region, with fewer in the innermost region, such as 1004, and more in the outermost region, such as 1009, and can be displayed in contrast to those previously shown. Figure 8 The geometrically defined shape and / or profile of the ophthalmic lens are substantially the same as the shape and size of the optical element. Figure 10C The individual elements within can have varying power distributions, but when modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) is included, the power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optics (approximately 0.7D in sagittal (on-axis) power and approximately 6D in tangential (on-axis) power in both 1000B and 1000C) is comparable to when the ROC center position parameter (LSR) is not included in the modulation process. Figure 8 The power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics (approximately 3D sagittal (on-axis) power and approximately 150D tangential (on-axis) power in 800B and 800C, respectively) is much smaller. In some embodiments, this smaller power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can result in minimal visible to invisible geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. In some embodiments, this smaller power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, resulting from the inclusion of optical axis parameters during modulation, can improve the distribution of defocused light intensity in the eye (e.g., reduce light loss). In some embodiments, the reduced tangent angle resulting in lower visibility of the geometrically defined shape and / or optical contour elements may be desirable in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses (e.g., spectacle lenses). In some implementations, when the sagittal height difference between the shape and / or optical element and the surrounding base lens surface is high (e.g., more convex than the base lens surface of a positive focal element located on the anterior surface or more recessed into the lens surface for a positive focal element located on the rear surface), the lens may be more prone to certain manufacturing defects and reduced lens yield or defects over time during lens surface treatment and / or lens polishing and / or lens coating process steps (e.g., hardening or scratch-resistant or UV coating or anti-reflective or anti-fogging or light-transmitting filter) or when the ophthalmic lens is used by the wearer. However, ophthalmic lenses, for example, with optical axis modulation, may produce geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements, such as... Figure 10A Compared to the higher visibility shapes or optical profile elements without optical axis modulation shown, these geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements may have lower visibility and thus provide a relatively lower sagittal height difference with respect to the base lens surface surrounding the element (when it is raised higher or recessed lower into the front or rear surface of the lens or both).

[0208] Figure 11 Another embodiment of an ophthalmic lens comprising multiple annular regions is described, wherein the annular regions are modulated by a modulation function to be in contrast to those previously described. Figure 9B In the same arrangement shown in (900A), multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements are generated on the surface of the ophthalmic lens, wherein the number of optical elements in each region may be approximately the same, but the size of the elements in each region may be different. Figure 11 Planar views of the geometric surface 1100A, sagittal power map 1100B, and tangential power map 1100C of the modulated ophthalmic lens surface are shown. Figure 11 The lens may therefore have a central region 1103, which includes a base lens surface 1100 that contributes to the power distribution of the ophthalmic lens to correct the wearer's refractive errors; six modulated annular regions 1104-1109 that combine multiple (e.g., six or more) geometrically defined shapes and / or optical contour elements; and multiple annular regions on the base lens surface that alternate between the modulated regions 1104 to 1109, which may also contribute to the power distribution of the ophthalmic lens to correct the wearer's refractive errors. Figure 11 The exemplary lens is based on Figure 9B The ophthalmic lens described herein includes the base lens power, modulation parameter R, modulation direction (e.g., both circumferential and radial), modulation region, and the frequency, power, and size of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element on that surface. However, unlike... Figure 9B The lens, Figure 11 The lens further includes modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) during the modulation process to change the angle of the optical axis relative to the optical axis of the substrate lens (e.g., lateral separation of the optical axis) to form a shape consistent with... Figure 9B The images show geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements that are less visible (or less visible). As shown in power figures 1100B and 1100C, the modulated lens surface may include a central region 1103 surrounded by six annular modulation regions 1104-1109, which incorporate multiple (e.g., six or more) geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements generated through a modulation process involving modulation of the radius of curvature and ROC center position parameter (LSR). However, as previously described, compared to… Figure 9B Compared to the lens angle, modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) can significantly reduce the visible power in both the circumferential and tangential directions, and Figure 11 The geometry of the lens surface 1100A shown may have very low visibility, and the optical contour elements may be inconspicuous, for example, almost invisible. Therefore, the arrangement of multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements in multiple regions 1104 to 1109 (e.g., rings) may be invisible, but may exist in conjunction with... Figure 9B In the same location shown in the rear surface geometry diagram 900A, for example, Figure 9B The element 908p shown in 900A can now be located in Figure 11 At 1108p in 1100A. As shown in the power diagrams of lens 1100 (sagittal power diagram 1100B and tangential power diagram 1100C), the number of shapes and / or elements in each region can be the same, for example, 6 in each region, and different shapes and sizes can be displayed in each region. For example, the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element in the innermost region (e.g., 1104) may be the smallest in length, and the element in the outermost region (e.g., 1109) may be the longest, as previously stated for... Figure 9B As described in ophthalmic lenses. Similar to Figure 9B ophthalmic lenses, Figure 11 The lens power maps (sagittal power map 1100B and tangential power map 1100C) show the individual elements with varying power distributions, but Figure 11 The power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optics (sagittal (on-axis) power range of approximately 0.7D; tangential (on-axis) power range of approximately 15D) is greater than when the ROC center position parameter (LSR) is not included in the modulation process. Figure 9B The focal power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics (sagittal (on-axis) focal power range of about 3D; tangential (on-axis) focal power range of about 156D) is much smaller. In some embodiments, this smaller focal power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can result in minimal visible to invisible geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. In some embodiments, this smaller focal power difference between the base lens and the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, due to the inclusion of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) during modulation, improves the defocus intensity distribution of the eye (e.g., reduces light loss in convergence). In some embodiments, modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) can be applied to a portion or multiple regions of a region. In some embodiments, modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) can be applied only in the radial direction. In some embodiments, modulation of the ROC center position parameter (LSR) can be applied to an array or selection pattern of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics.

[0209] Figure 12 An ophthalmic lens is described, comprising a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens generated by modulating non-geometric parameters (e.g., refractive index variation) during a modulation process. Figure 12Plan view 1200A, sagittal power diagram 1200B, and tangential power diagram 1200C show the dimensions and positions of the dimensions and positions of the geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of the modulated ophthalmic lens surfaces formed within the bulk (e.g., between the surfaces of lens 1200). Figure 12 In the example, the lens configuration, modulation process, target optical power distribution, and the resulting optical effects can be similar to... Figure 2A and Figure 2J The aforementioned exemplary lens described in / 2K differs in that, during modulation using a square wave periodic modulation function, the modulated geometric parameter R (such as the radius of curvature) can be... Figure 2E The non-geometric parameter N shown is replaced by the refractive index N. In some implementations, the modulation function may consist only of a periodic square wave function, or it may be... Figure 2H The modulation function described herein. In some embodiments, the change in refractive index can be achieved by laser (e.g., femtosecond laser or single-photon laser) on the surface material or bulk material, with or without the use of a mask. In some embodiments, materials with different refractive indices can be deposited or added to the lens surface, for example, by additive processes, such as printing or lens coating application. Thus, in some embodiments where the bulk material is changed via an energy process, Figure 12 The lens can have the same surface geometry before and after modulation (e.g., the surface geometry remains unchanged during the modulation process). Therefore, Figure 12 The ophthalmic lens 1200 can, for example, be with Figure 2A The planar view of the lens 200 shown is similarly configured and may include a base lens rear surface 1202, a central region 1203, and peripheral regions 1204 and 1205, wherein region 1204 is formed by modulating a refractive index parameter designed to combine geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optics between the surfaces of region 1204 of the ophthalmic lens 1200. The initial surface geometry 1202 remains substantially similar to the modulated rear surface geometry, for example, it may remain unchanged because the laser modulates the refractive index of the material in the lens matrix body in region 1204, thereby forming geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optics having approximately the same sagittal power distribution from -2D to 0D as previously described. Figure 12 As shown, the modulated non-geometric parameter refractive index N can be used as previously described. Figure 2E The modulation function described in [the document] is similar to [the function described in the document]. Figure 2A The modulation is performed in modulation region 1204 as follows: = to rm , , And the modulation direction is circumferential, for example Because the same frequency term is included in the modulation function and applied to, for example... Figure 2J The parameter N in / K allows eight geometrically defined shapes and / or profiles of optical elements 1206A to 1206H to be formed having the same... Figure 2K The lens described above has the same frequency, distribution, and power distribution as the exemplary lens described earlier. Therefore, if the refractive material of the lens can be described as N, then the refractive index of the substrate material is N1, and the refractive index of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element is N2; difference = N2 - N1, and N can be modulated as:

[0210]

[0211] in:

[0212]

[0213] The frequency can be written as and Figure 2F The same applies as follows:

[0214] Number of cycles in the ring Furthermore, the "modulation range" in this example is 0 to +diff, which means that parameter N can be changed within this range via the modulation function.

[0215] As shown in the figure, eight geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 1206A to 1206H can be generated in the modulation region 1204 of the ophthalmic lens. Figure 12 As shown, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element formed in the ophthalmic lens through a modulation process using a non-geometric parameter N, and the resulting sagittal focal length map (1200B) and tangential focal length map (1200C), are compared with those generated by modulating the radius of curvature. Figure 2KThe ophthalmic lenses (289, 290) are substantially the same. Sagittal power diagram 1200B and the included refractive power diagram show that the lens base power is approximately -2D, and the individual elements are substantially the same in power distribution. For example, element 1206A may have a varying power distribution, where the relatively corrected peak center power 1210 is 0D, and the edges 1211 and 1212 of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements have a relatively less correct power than the central portion 1210. Tangential power diagram 1200C reveals that the power of the eight shapes / optical elements 1206A-H can also be substantially the same in power distribution. For example, element 1206A may have a strongly varying power distribution, for example, the relative power across the element radially varies from approximately +13.3D in the inner portion 1214 to approximately -19.3D in the outer portion 1215. The element / shape center focal power at 1216 may have a different peak center focal power than the outer element portion 1214 of 13.30D and may also differ from the base focal power (-2D). The exemplary shape / element 1206A in 1200C may also radially change abruptly at 1214 and 1215 at the boundary between the base lens surface and the shape / element 1206A. Variations in refractive index formed across multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 1206A-H in region 1204 can provide, for example, a focal power distribution and / or aberration distributions of higher order, resulting in optical properties that can degrade image quality compared to contour elements, which may, for example, have more or less optical power than required to focus on the retinal image plane and may have fewer aberrations or even be spherical. In some embodiments, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements formed in a modulation region (e.g., annular region 1204) can provide combined optical effects that may be desired for a particular application. In some embodiments, ophthalmic lenses produced by the modulation process of geometric and / or non-geometric parameters described herein may result in the ophthalmic lens comprising at least one or more modulation regions of the lens, the modulation regions being filled with at least one or more (e.g., multiple) spaced-apart elements that provide a desired optical effect. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may not be spaced apart or may be arranged in any pattern that provides the desired optical effect. In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may include modulation of more than one geometric and / or non-geometric parameter. For example, a femtosecond laser process may modulate the laser energy and / or energy exposure time and / or travel speed or power in the regions where the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are formed.One or more modulated laser processing parameters in a defined region and direction within a modulation range can alter one or more optical properties of at least a portion of the element region. For example, low laser energy or short exposure time or rapid travel can modulate only the refractive index, but modulation including laser energy can also at least partially alter the light transmittance of the element because it causes a greater material change, and even longer exposure times can lead to substantial material changes and larger element sizes, thereby achieving a higher degree of light scattering.

[0216] Figure 13 Another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens surface is shown, which includes multiple geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements of different arrangements, shapes and sizes located in multiple annular regions of different configurations on the ophthalmic lens surface. Figure 13 A plan view of the modulation geometry of the posterior surface 1301 of the ophthalmic lens 1300 is shown, and multiple annular modulation regions 1303 to 1313 alternating with an annular region on the unmodulated substrate lens surface can be combined. The annular modulation regions 1303 to 1313 can combine multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics spaced apart by alternating regions of the unmodulated substrate surface. These alternating regions can, similar to the central region 1302, combine with the substrate lens power distribution to at least partially correct refractive errors in the ophthalmic lens wearer. The plan view of the posterior surface geometry 1301 of the ophthalmic lens 1300 details the range of sizes, shapes, positions, and spacings of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics in the different annular regions of the posterior surface of the ophthalmic lens. The modulation process for generating multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may include applying a periodic function (e.g., similar to...). Figure 2H The function described in [the document] serves as a modulation function to operate within a defined modulation value range along a circumferential direction (e.g., [the function]). In 11 annular regions 1303-1313, at least one selected parameter, such as radius of curvature, of the lens substrate surface is modulated. The modulation process may include further generating geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements and / or regions in which they can be generated (e.g., in...). Figure 13 The phases described in regions 1303-1313 of this exemplary lens include the number, size, spacing, pattern, arrangement, fill factor, power distribution, optical properties, and element offset relative to other elements and regions.

[0217] like Figure 13 As shown, for example, the lengths of the elements in regions 1303-1313 gradually increase in circumferential length (similar to 1315 in 1313H), (e.g., element 1303H is shorter in length than 1311H) but their radial widths are similar (similar to 1316 in 1313H) and they are equidistant from each other. This can also be seen in... Figure 13As can be seen from the plan view, the elements formed in regions 1312 and 1313 can be radially wider than those formed in regions 1303 to 1311 because different modulation functions, modulation regions, modulation directions and modulation value ranges are used. Therefore, region 1313 can have a wider generating element than the element in region 1312 and both regions can have a wider element than the remaining regions 1303-1311.

[0218] Different modulation functions can be used to control the relative offset or phase of elements located in different regions and / or within a single region. The offset or phase difference between geometrically defined shapes and / or profiles of optical elements can be defined by the relative positions of the centers of elements located between regions or within a single region. For example, elements may be considered offset or out of phase when the centers of two elements (e.g., elements in different regions or along a circumferential meridian and / or elements within a single region) may be misaligned along a radial meridian. Figure 13 In this embodiment, both exemplary elements 1312F and 1312G can be offset from element 1313D or 1311D because the circumferential center of the element may not be radially aligned along meridian 1324 passing through the center of lens 1325. Similarly, regions 1303-1311 and 1313 can have the same number of elements, and the elements can be in phase (e.g., the centers of the elements in the region can be aligned along a radial meridian passing through the optical center 1325 of lens 1324). In some embodiments, the phase or offset can be defined relative to a target meridian passing through a selected reference point on the lens (e.g., a vertical, horizontal, or angled meridian passing through or not passing through the lens or optical center), and the meridian can be straight or curved, and can be for applications not configured as such. Figure 13 The elements and regions of the concentric ring pattern shown herein (e.g., square, hexagonal, spiral, spoke-shaped, or any other non-ring or non-concentric arrangement or pattern) are defined. Although the embodiments described herein illustrate ophthalmic lens regions concentric with respect to a center point on the lens, non-concentric regions are also contemplated for use. In some embodiments, the regions may overlap. Thus, the modulation process can provide designers with considerable freedom to generate lens designs with desired optical effects by selecting different modulation functions, modulation regions, modulation directions, and modulation value ranges, and to apply to different surfaces of the ophthalmic lens to configure geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements, and thus target the degree of optical effect derived therefrom.

[0219] Figure 14 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown, the lens comprising a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens as described herein. Different views 1400A-1400D are shown previously regarding... Figure 5The description shows low and high magnified views of the rear surface of the ophthalmic lens, which can be formed by the same modulation process, for example by applying the same modulation function to the same initial lens geometry, and by modulating geometric parameters (radius of curvature) in the same annular region within the same circumferential direction and parameter value range. As illustrated in Figure 1400A, the ophthalmic lens 1400 has a front surface 1401 and a rear surface 1402, and a central region 1403 surrounded by a peripheral region 1404, which includes three concentric annular regions 1406, 1407, and 1408 that incorporate multiple (e.g., six) spaced-apart geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements (1406A-F, 1407A-F, and 1408A-F) formed on the rear surface. As shown in view 1400D, the exemplary element 1408D in region 1408 may have a width 1411 and can be considered to form the indicated recess into the lens surface, wherein the lens edge thickness 1412 is thicker than the lens thickness at 1414. In some embodiments, the optical contour element as described in this example may be recessed on the rear surface (e.g., the concave side) of lens 1402, and in some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may be a bulge on the front or rear surface or both surfaces. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may be present on both the front and rear surfaces of the ophthalmic lens and may be recessed and / or bulged in any region or multiple regions or any combination thereof modulated on any surface. As previously described in, for example Figure 12 As described, modulation of non-geometric parameters (e.g., refractive index) may not significantly alter the surface geometry when applied to the lens surface or at a location between surfaces. Furthermore, in some embodiments, optimal configuration and arrangement of geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements can be designed to provide the optical characteristics and effects desired for the application and / or to benefit the ease and / or efficiency and / or cost of any manufacturing process or step, or to provide any other features and properties important to the manufacturer, distributor, or seller, or to the wearer of the ophthalmic lens, including, for example, ease of wear and compliance, and lens quality.

[0220] Figure 15 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the rear surface of the lens as described herein. In this example, the modulation function is not derived from a mathematical sine function or square wave function, but rather, it is derived from a non-periodic mathematical function, such as a polynomial, and... Figure 15A The mathematical description is provided. For example... Figure 15BAs shown, the ophthalmic lens 1500 has: a base lens rear surface 1502 having a base lens curvature, a central region 1503, a modulation region 1504 between rs and re, and an outer peripheral region 1505 having the same base curvature as the central region 1503 and the pre-modulation region 1504.

[0221] because Figure 15A This mathematical function is mathematically non-periodic, and a process can be applied to it to create a modulation function that can be used in ophthalmic lens modulation (e.g., to convert a non-periodic function into a periodic function along the desired modulation direction). The first change can be added to the mathematical function variable. x This is to convert the function into a periodic function along the desired modulation direction.

[0222]

[0223] l s It is a mathematical term indicating the starting point along the x-axis, where in Figure 15A The function mentioned in the text is considered to be used for the final "modulation function".

[0224] parameter l This mathematical function can be used at points in the "modulation function". l s The length afterwards. As written above, the variable x The function is modified to be a periodic function of angle θ in order to create the resulting periodic function:

[0225]

[0226] In the above text, T is the size of an arc in degrees / radians, which can have a complete polynomial cycle within it. Is it like this? Figure 15A and 15B The length of the function used is shown and It is an angular function of θ, which creates periodic features on the surface:

[0227]

[0228] The `round` function is a programming function that rounds the result of a division to the nearest lower integer.

[0229] And therefore:

[0230] Therefore, using the new values ​​of variable x described above, the mathematical function can now be applicable to the modulation process disclosed in this document, such as... Figure 15C The "modulation function" described in the text.

[0231] On the other hand, the target modulation parameter can be the radius of curvature R and can be in a single annular modulation region 1504 from rs to re and along the unit vector In the modulation direction from 0 to + Rm Modulation is performed within the range of modulation values. In this example, the initial surface geometry of the substrate lens surface 1502 can be the same as in the previous example (Figure 1-14), and can be as follows:

[0232]

[0233] In the "modulation function" ( Figure 15C After applying the target geometric parameters and radius of curvature, the geometry of the modulated surface can now be described by the following equation and as follows: Figure 15C As shown:

[0234]

[0235] Different in the above equations T The value can change the number of repetitions of the polynomial pattern 1515 formed on surface 1502 in modulation region 1504. For example, if the T value is set to 24 degrees, then... This can be transformed into 360 / 24=15, which means that in the predetermined region 1504... Figure 15D The same polynomial pattern formed along the circumferential direction on surface 1502 can be repeated 15 times. Figure 15D The illustration shows a 3D strip segment 1516 of the subsurface of a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element (e.g., a single element 1518 in modulation region 1504) viewed from above (and as...). Figure 15E A 3D view of the concave rear surface 1502 (enlarged view 1517). (See also:) Figure 15D and 15E As shown, the optical contour element 1518 can have the same characteristics as... Figure 15C The single polynomial modulation function 1515 described and plotted in the mathematical model matches the polynomial surface curvature 1526. The optical profile element 1518 may be recessed into the recessed surface 1502 at a depth shown in 1519 along length 1520, exhibiting a smooth and continuous surface in the modulation direction 1521 at 1522 and 1523, and a sharp discontinuity at 1525 between the radial edge of the modulation region 1524 and the base lens surface 1502. The modulation parameter variation of the exemplary lens in this example may be from R to R+Rm, where R is a base value of the radius of curvature, and Rm is the maximum amount of change required for a dynamic change from the value of R to R+Rm, such as... Figure 15C As shown in the image. Figure 15D and Figure 15EThe "modulation value range" in the lens can be selected from 0 to + Rm And the corresponding parameter R can be obtained via Figure 15C The modulation function varies within this range and provides configurations of multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements (e.g., 1517), such as Figure 15D and 15E As shown in the diagram. Thus, any type of mathematical function can be used together with any number of terms and conditions required to modulate geometric and / or non-geometric parameters in any direction and in any region or multiple regions of the body, either in front of or behind the lens surface or between the surfaces, to produce any desired optical effect using any desired optical principle or combination thereof.

[0236] Figure 16A A plan view of another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 1600 is shown, which includes a central region 1603 and a single annular modulation region 1604. This single annular modulation region 1604 is coupled with a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 1606A-1606H surrounded by a peripheral region 1605 on a surface 1602 of the ophthalmic lens generated using geometric parameters other than the radius of curvature. In this exemplary embodiment, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 1606A-1606H can be generated by modulating surface roughness parameters that can affect changes in light scattering characteristics across the shape and / or optical elements. In the example of FIG. 16, the modulation process can be similar to, for example, in… Figure 2J The aforementioned exemplary lens described in / 2K differs in that it does not modulate the geometric parameter R (e.g., radius of curvature), but rather, as previously described in, for example... Figure 2E As shown, a periodic square wave function is used as the modulation function to modulate another geometric parameter, such as surface roughness SR. Therefore, Figure 16A The newly modulated lens surface 1602 can be in the same modulation region according to the same frequency term in the modulation function. Modulation is performed in the form of a modulation function applied to parameter SR to generate eight optical elements, which are formed with, for example, [the following text is incomplete and likely refers to a specific configuration or feature]. Figure 2J The geometrically defined shape and distribution are similar to the exemplary lens described in / 2K. If the surface roughness of the entire surface can be described as SR, the surface roughness of the substrate material, for example, the average surface roughness, is SR1, and the surface roughness of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element is SR2, then the modulation range of the SR parameter can be defined; difference = SR2 - SR1 and SR can be modulated as follows:

[0237]

[0238] in:

[0239]

[0240] The frequency can be written as and Figure 2K The same applies as follows:

[0241] Number of cycles in the ring Furthermore, the "modulation range" in this example is 0 to +diff, which means that the parameter SR can be changed within this range via the modulation function.

[0242] like Figure 16A As shown, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 1606A-H formed by the modulation surface on the ophthalmic lens surface 1602 through a modulation process using geometric parameters SR can provide a different geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 272A-H formed on the ophthalmic lens 271 than that produced by the modulation of the radius of curvature. For example, Figure 2K The optical properties of the sagittal focal length map (289) and tangential focal length map (290) shown are illustrated. Figure 16AIn some embodiments, the modulation range of the modulation parameter SR can change the surface roughness of, for example, the substrate lens surface by + / - 20 μm. In some embodiments, the surface roughness can be changed by + / - 17 μm or + / - 15 μm or + / - 12 μm or + / - 10 μm or + / - 7.5 μm or + / - 6 μm or + / - 5 μm or + / - 1 μm or + / - 500 nm or + / - 250 nm or + / - 150 nm or + / - 100 nm or + / - 50 nm or less. The range of modulation values ​​for the modulation parameter SR in the modulation region along the modulation direction according to the frequency term in the modulation function can be selected based on the degree of light scattering (stray light) targeted to the user of the ophthalmic lens. For example, the amount of narrow and / or wide-angle stray light introduced in, for example, 1 to 10 degree angle regions and / or 1 to 5 degree angle regions can be <400 stray light units, <200 stray light units, <150 stray light units, <100 stray light units, or <75 stray light units. In some implementations, geometric and / or non-geometric parameters can be modulated to provide geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements of any shape to provide light scattering levels (stray light) at both narrower angles (e.g., <5 degrees or <2.5 degrees or <1.5 degrees or <1 or less) and wider angles (e.g., >1 degree or >2.5 degrees or >5 degrees) and / or between wider angular regions (e.g., 1 to 5 degrees and / or 2 to 4 degrees and / or 2.5 to 5 degrees and / or >5 to 15 degrees). In some embodiments, geometric and / or non-geometric parameters can be modulated to provide a geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile element of any shape that provides a stray light scattering level (stray light) with a wider angle than a narrower stray light amount. For example, the ratio of the wider angle to the narrower angle stray light can be greater than about 0.5 or greater than about 0.9 or greater than about 1 or greater than about 1.1 or greater than about 1.2 or greater than about 1.25 or greater than about 1.3 or greater than about 1.4 or greater than about 1.5 or greater than about 1.6 or greater than about 1.7 or greater than about 1.8 or greater than about 1.9 or greater than about 2 or greater than about 4 or greater than about 6 or greater than about 8 or higher. In some embodiments, a geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile element that produces a wider angle stray light can more effectively reduce image contrast and can more effectively control myopia and / or provide more tolerable visual and / or image quality and / or abrasion resistance compared to a geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile element that produces a narrower angle stray light.In some embodiments, it may be desirable for geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics to provide a degree of stray light or light amplitude transmittance reduction that reduces the contrast or modulation transfer function (MTF) of the image formed by the ophthalmic lens, such as a change in MTF and / or contrast reduction greater than 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, or more. In some embodiments, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may be randomly distributed, and in some embodiments, they may be patterned as arrays, annular regions, concentric regions, asymmetrical arrangements, or any other combination thereof or suitable arrangements thereof. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics may be multiple discrete points, and in some embodiments, they may not be points, for example, any other configuration that is not a point, including, for example... Figure 5 , 6 The patterns depicted in 8, 9B, 10, 11, 13 or 15 or 16.

[0243] In some embodiments, the modulation surface can be generated by modulating at least two or more modulation parameters. In some embodiments, a first modulation followed by at least one second or more modulations can be sequentially applied to the surface to provide more complex geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens, or on one or more combinations of surfaces, and / or between surfaces. For example, at least one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters can be modulated and can result in one or more modulated optical properties (refractive, non-refractive, diffractive, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation, or combinations thereof). In some embodiments, at least one or more modulations can be performed simultaneously by applying at least one or more geometric and non-geometric parameters within one or more modulation value ranges to a modulation function, thereby resulting in alteration or introduction of one or more optical effects or properties, which are included in one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements that may be located in one or more portions (at least partially including overlapping portions) of the ophthalmic lens.

[0244] Figure 16BA plan view of another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 1610 is shown, which includes a central region 1613 and a single annular modulation region 1614, the single annular modulation region 1614 being combined with a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 1616A-1616H surrounded by a peripheral region 1615 on a surface 1612 of the ophthalmic lens generated using geometric parameters other than the radius of curvature. In this exemplary embodiment, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 1616A-1616H can be generated by a modulation density mask, which can affect the variation of light amplitude transmittance characteristics across the shape and / or optical elements. Figure 16B In the examples, the modulation process can be similar to, for example, Figure 2J The aforementioned exemplary lens described in / 2K differs in that it does not modulate the geometric parameter R (e.g., radius of curvature), but rather, as previously described... Figure 2E As shown, a periodic square wave function is used as the modulation function to modulate another geometric parameter, such as the density mask DM. Therefore, Figure 16B The newly modulated lens surface 1612 can be modulated in the same modulation region according to the same frequency term in the "modulation function". Modulation is performed in the process, and the modulation function is applied to parameter DM to generate eight geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 1616A-1616H, which are formed with respect to the... Figure 2J The geometrically defined shape and distribution are similar to the exemplary lens described in / 2K. If the density mask value of the entire surface can be described as DM, the density mask of the substrate material, such as the average DM, is DM1, and the density mask of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics is DM2, then the modulation value range of the DM parameter can be defined; difference = DM2 - DM1, and DM can be modulated in a manner similar to that described above (e.g., with respect to Figure 15). The range of the parameter DM can be between a binary limit of 0 (100% transmittance) and 1 (0% transmittance), and can be varied within this range via a modulation function.

[0245] like Figure 16B As shown, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 1616A-H formed by the modulation surface on the ophthalmic lens surface 1612 through a modulation process using geometric parameters DM can now provide a different geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 272A-H formed on the ophthalmic lens 271 than that produced by the modulation of the radius of curvature. Figure 2K The optical properties of the sagittal focal length map (289) and tangential focal length map (290) shown are illustrated. Figure 16BIn some implementations, the modulation value range of the modulation parameter DM can be varied. For example, the density mask light transmittance of the substrate lens surface, such as the light amplitude transmittance, can be between 0 and 1, where 0 represents no light transmission, i.e., light is blocked, and a value of 1 indicates that no light is blocked by the element relative to the substrate lens. The modulation value range of the modulation parameter DM in the modulation region along the modulation direction according to the frequency term in the modulation function can be selected based on the light transmittance or light amplitude modulation degree targeted to the user of the ophthalmic lens, for example, the amount of light transmitted varies, for example, across the field of view. In some implementations, the light amplitude can vary at any specified modulation region and at any specified gradient in any specified modulation direction. The modulation region, direction, and value range of the modulation parameter DM can be selected based on the desired degree of light transmittance of the MTF modulated over any spatial frequency distribution or light scattering to provide any desired image quality and / or contrast variation. For example, the size and area and distribution (e.g., fill factor) or arrangement or pattern (e.g., random or array) or light amplitude transmittance gradient of at least one geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element that modulates the light amplitude can be created on or in an ophthalmic lens to provide a desired optical quality, such as MTF, and thus provide a desired image quality. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element can be modulated by more than one modulation parameter of a modulation function to combine one or more optical effects, for example, by modulating mask density parameters and / or refractive index parameters and / or light scattering parameters and / or light deviation parameters to form the element.

[0246] Figure 16C A plan view of another exemplary embodiment of the ophthalmic lens 1620 is shown, in which similar... Figure 16A and Figure 16B It can be possible Figure 2E The modulation function described herein is applied to the geometric parameters of a surface step to create (e.g., eight) geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 1626A-H, as shown in region 1624. These geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can alter the light phase value and result in diffraction and / or refraction properties in ophthalmic lenses.

[0247] Figure 16D A plan view of another exemplary embodiment of the ophthalmic lens 1630 is shown, wherein the initial geometry may be similar to the geometry shown in Figures 1 and 2, and Figure 2E The modulation function described in [the text] can be along [the path] Figure 2A The angle direction 209 in Figure 2A Applied to region 204 in Figure 1BThe radius of curvature in the modulated function is 106. This modulation function has only a low-frequency sine term (in square wave form) and a significantly higher Tsgn value, which may be the reason why the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 1631 on region 1634 is larger or substantially larger. Such a lens can create a partial focusing ring inside the eye, in front of or behind the retina, and can be continuous only with the base plane between 1631 and the central region 1633.

[0248] Figure 16E A plan view of another exemplary embodiment of the ophthalmic lens 1640 is shown, wherein the initial geometry may be similar to or substantially similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2. The front surface 1642 can be modified by applying a modulation function... Figure 1B The modulation is performed on a radius of curvature of 106, and the direction and area of ​​modulation can be similar to or substantially similar to those in Figures 1 and 2. However, the modulation function can be a square wave with a modified square length in each interval, which can be mathematically and non-uniformly adjusted. This modulation can create irregularly geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements 1641A-C within the modulation region 1644.

[0249] Figure 16F Cross-sectional and plan views of an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 1651 with a modulated front surface geometry 1652 are shown. This modulated front surface geometry 1652 includes a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics 1654-A to 1654-D in a non-annular (e.g., horizontal) region 1654. The lens 1651 has a central region 1653, a modulation region 1654, and an outer peripheral region 1655. Modulation can be achieved by modulating values ​​within a range of R to Rm along vector units. ax The direction of the modulation region from x1 to x2 and from y1 to y2 is used to apply a periodic modulation function to the modulation parameter radius of curvature R to configure the geometry of the lens surface 1652. In some embodiments, the modulation function may be a periodic square wave function or a sine wave function. In some embodiments, the modulation function may be as follows: Figure 2H As described herein, and in some implementations, the modulation function can be any periodic function. This can be achieved by modulating the function along a desired direction within the defined region 1654 of the "modulation range". axA modulation function (i.e., a periodic square wave function) is applied to parameter R by a frequency term to modify parameter R such that four geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 1654-A to 1654-D can be formed on the front surface along a horizontal meridian, thereby forming the final modulated front surface geometry 1652 of lens 1651. In some embodiments, the frequency term, and therefore the number of elements formed in the defined regions, can be at least one and can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and / or 10 or more. In some embodiments, the number of defined regions can be varied; for example, more than one region can be defined and therefore the number of regions can be at least one and can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and / or 10 or more, to create a new arrangement of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements. In some embodiments, the modulation direction can be horizontal, vertical, angular, or any direction or a combination thereof.

[0250] In some embodiments, any mathematical function that describes the surface can be used to define the density and distribution of a mask for modulating light transmittance, such as a conic section or polynomial, or a Zernike wavefront or hyperconic section. In some embodiments, it may be desirable for geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics to provide a level of light amplitude transmittance variation that reduces the contrast of the image formed by the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be randomly distributed, and in some embodiments, geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be patterned into an array or annular regions or concentric regions or an asymmetrical arrangement or any other combination or suitable arrangement thereof. In some embodiments, geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be multiple discrete circles or dots, and in some embodiments, modifying the geometrically defined shape and / or contour light amplitude of the optics can be any shape, such as any other configuration that is not circular, including, for example, at least a partial or complete annular ring, which may or may not be concentric or may be, for example, Figure 5 , 6 The patterns depicted in 8, 9B, 10, 11, 13, or 15. In some embodiments, at least one or more shapes may be open or closed shapes, or fan-shaped or elongated lines or strips, or rectangular or curved, or swirling or arc-shaped (which may be spaced apart or connected or clustered) or any combination thereof.

[0251] In some embodiments, a modulation surface can be generated by modulating at least two modulation parameters. In some embodiments, a modulation surface can be generated by modulating at least one or more geometric parameters. In some embodiments, a modulation surface can be generated by modulating at least one or more non-geometric parameters. In some embodiments, a modulation surface can be generated by modulating at least one geometric parameter and at least one non-geometric parameter to create a new modulation surface comprising a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements, which can be combined with modulated geometric and non-geometric parameters that can alter the optical properties of the lens. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens can incorporate a modulation surface and / or modulation portion of the lens and / or geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile elements based on at least one or more optical principles. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens can incorporate a modulation surface and / or modulation portion of the lens and / or geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile elements that can include refractive and / or non-refractive optical effects. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens can incorporate a modulation surface and / or modulation portion of the lens and / or geometrically defined shape and / or optical profile elements that can provide refractive and light-scattering optical effects. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may incorporate a modulation surface and / or modulation portion of the lens and / or geometrically defined shapes and / or optical profile elements that provide refractive and light scattering and / or altered light amplitude transmittance optical effects. For example, modulation geometry parameters (e.g., such as...) Figure 2J , 2K The modulation surface generated by the radius of curvature in the figure can be obtained through non-geometric parameters (e.g., by means of the radius of curvature in the figure). Figure 12 The material properties (refractive index) are modulated to further modulate the surface to create a new modulation surface comprising multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements, which may combine modulated geometric parameters (e.g., radius of curvature, surface roughness, lateral separation of optical axes, thickness, sagittal depth) and non-geometric parameters (e.g., refractive index, properties that form a synthetic focal length distribution and / or at least one or more optical properties that can alter image quality, such as refraction, non-refraction, diffraction, contrast, phase, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection, light amplitude modulation, or a combination of one or more of these optical properties).

[0252] In some implementations, the modulation geometry parameters (e.g., such as...) Figure 2J , 2K The modulated surface generated by the radius of curvature (in the figure) can be further modulated by modulating another geometric parameter (e.g., the radius of curvature in the figure). Figure 16A The surface roughness parameter (in the text) is used to create a new modulation surface comprising multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements. These multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements can be combined with modulated geometric parameters, such as radius of curvature R and surface roughness SR, to form a synthetic optical effect by combining refractive and light-scattering optical properties that can alter image quality. For example, image contrast can be altered by a combination of desired narrow-angle (e.g., refractive aberrations and / or stray light) and wide-angle light scattering (stray light) at a specified field of view (e.g., 10, 15, or 20 degrees or wider). The synthetic image quality can provide a more optimized and / or closer-to-target image quality, such as MTF (contrast loss) at a defined spatial frequency. It has been hypothesized that the eye growth response leading to axial elongation and progressive myopia in children and young adults may be affected, for example, by image quality control at mid-spatial frequencies; therefore, image contrast can be modulated in a controlled manner with desired optical properties as disclosed herein.

[0253] In some other examples, the first non-geometric parameter is modulated (e.g., as... Figure 12 The modulated surface generated by the refractive index shown in the figure can be further modulated by modulating a second non-geometric parameter (e.g., as shown in the figure). Figure 16BDensity masking (DM, affecting optical amplitude transmittance) is used to create a new modulation surface comprising multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements. These multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements can combine at least two modulation optical properties (e.g., refractive index and optical amplitude transmittance) to form an ophthalmic lens with desired synthetic image contrast, such as a combination of light refraction and light amplitude over a field of view (e.g., 10 or 15 degrees or wider). In some embodiments, geometric and non-geometric parameter modulation may correspond to the same multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements. In some embodiments, geometric and non-geometric parameter modulation may not correspond to the same multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements; for example, the geometric and non-geometric parameter modulation elements are spaced apart or partially corresponding, or at least partially overlapping or connected. In some embodiments, at least one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements are at least partially modulated by geometric parameters and / or non-geometric parameters. In some embodiments, the modulated at least one or more parameters may affect the same optical properties or, in some embodiments, may affect different optical properties. In some implementations, at least one or more modulated parameters may affect the same optical properties or, in some implementations, different optical properties, including the type, arrangement, size, amplitude, and / or intensity of elements such as: one or more refractive, diffractive, contrast, light scattering, light deviation, aberration, holographic, diffuse, and / or phase or amplitude modulated myopia control elements, or combinations of one or more elements that may vary across different regions of the ophthalmic lens, at least in part, based on the rate of myopia progression in an individual eye. For example, an ophthalmic lens wearer may wish to limit the overmodulation of a single geometric parameter to alter a single optical property in order to achieve a target image quality. For example, myopia in progressively myopic children can be controlled by introducing refractive defocusing or light scattering optical properties to alter the image quality and / or focal position of the myopic individual through modulation, such as the surface curvature parameter R and / or the surface roughness parameter SR. Ophthalmic lens designs that can control myopia progression by manipulating individual optical properties may result in undesirable characteristics such as visual acuity, visual quality, lens aesthetics, wearing comfort, and distortion and warping exacerbated by dynamic eye or head movements. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide the desired image quality through different methods or combinations of optical properties (when combined, they provide a synthetic variation of optical properties and image quality that the wearer may not be aware of).

[0254] In some embodiments, ophthalmic lenses can be designed and / or manufactured that combine at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements having at least one or more shapes to provide at least two or more optical properties that can effectively slow down axial elongation of retinal image quality in progressive myopia. In some embodiments, the at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can be any desired shape and can have at least one or more different refractive indices compared to the substrate lens and / or can have reduced light amplitude transmittance and / or can have light scattering properties and / or can have a refractive power distribution and / or can have a higher-order aberration power distribution and / or light deflection effect, because the object and / or the wearer's eye can move relative to the optics of the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, the at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements having at least one or more shapes can be formed or not formed, for example, a dome shape, or any of the following shapes or domes: can not protrude from the substrate surface, and / or can be formed within a lens matrix between surfaces, or can be formed as part of a lens coating process, or can be covered or coated by a lens coating process. In some embodiments, at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements having at least one or more shapes can be formed into a dome shape, for example, any of the following shapes or elements: can be raised from a substrate surface, and / or can be formed on at least one of the front or rear surfaces, or can be formed as part of a lens coating process, or can be covered or coated by a lens coating process, or formed or covered by a printing process (e.g., inkjet printing or 3D printing). In some embodiments, at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements can reduce light transmittance by about 10% or more, or 15% or more, or 20% or more, or 25% or more, or 30% or more, or 35% or more, or 40% or more, or 45% or more, or 50% or more, or 55% or more, or 60% or more, or 75% or more, or 80% or more; and / or can scatter light; and / or can produce a wide-angle stray light to narrow-angle stray light ratio greater than about 0.5 or greater than about 0.9 or greater than 0.9. The refractive index may be about 1 or greater than about 1.1 or greater than about 1.2 or greater than about 1.25 or greater than about 1.3 or greater than about 1.4 or greater than about 1.5 or greater than about 1.6 or greater than about 1.7 or greater than about 1.8 or greater than about 1.9 or greater than about 2 or greater than about 4 or greater than about 6 or greater than about 8 or higher; and / or may have different refractive indices of about 0.01 or more or about 0.02 or more or about 0.04 or more or about 0.07 or more or about 0.09 or about 0.15 or about 0.3 or greater than about 1 or more or greater than about 1.5 and higher.In some implementations, at least one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements that may combine one or more optical principles or effects can be produced by at least one or more of the following: molding processes or laser or printing presses (e.g., inkjet printers and / or 3D printers, wherein polymer deposition and / or formation is achieved by curing processes, such as UV curing processes) or photolithography processes or stamping or embossing or coating processes or coating processes that may include drying and / or evaporation steps.

[0255] Figure 17A A plan view of the geometry of the rear surface of an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens 1700 is shown. The ophthalmic lens 1700 includes a central region 1703 and a single annular modulation region 1704, which incorporates a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements 1706 on the surface 1702 of the ophthalmic lens, which is generated using geometric parameters (e.g., the center position of the radius of curvature) and surrounded by a peripheral region 1705. Figure 17A The cross-section of lens 1700 and the downwardly recessed three-dimensional strip section 1709 of the rear surface 1702 of lens are also shown in magnified view. Figure 17A The lens is based on Figure 2I The surface-modulated ophthalmic lens 200 described herein is similar to... Figure 2I The lens described in the text, Figure 17A The ophthalmic lens 1700 shown uses the same high-frequency sinusoidal modulation function, i.e., from... Figure 2F Function 240, which modulates the function in a similar modulation ring region 1704 and modulation direction, such as a unit vector. (similar to) Figure 2A The method is applied to (209) to generate multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements 1706A-1706W in region 1704. However, Figure 17A The ophthalmic lens 1700 uses different modulation geometry parameters (center position of radius of curvature) along each meridian of the lens (optical properties affecting prism angle) within different modulation value ranges (optical properties affecting prism power).

[0256] Figure 17BA cross-section showing the geometry of a portion of the central region 1703, the modulation region 1704, and a portion of the posterior surface 1702 of the ophthalmic lens is displayed, wherein curvature 1702a is present in the unmodulated regions 1703 and 1705. Modulating the center position parameter of the curvature radius from the pre-modulated curvature 1702a in region 1704 between 1704a and 1704b using the described sinusoidal modulation function can form a surface curvature tilt, such as curvature 1707 or 1708 in the outward direction or curvature 1710 or 1711 in the inward direction, and can produce prism power and prism angle. Thus, for example, curvature tilt 1708 can produce greater prism power at a larger angle than the curvature tilt indicated by 1707. Therefore, larger surface curvature tilts 1708 (outward) and 1711 (inward) can produce greater prism power and a greater shift or deviation of the focus in the prism angle direction. Figure 17C A simplified schematic ray diagram (i.e., excluding the refractive elements of the eye) of a light ray from a distant object passing through an ophthalmic lens 1700 is shown. The ophthalmic lens 1700 includes a central region 1703, a peripheral region 1705, and a modulation region 1704. The modulation region 1704 incorporates a geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 1706 generated by modulating the center position (tilt) parameter of the radius of curvature in the directions of a first exemplary outward prism angle (distance 1719) and a second exemplary inward prism angle (distance 1720). As shown... Figure 17C As illustrated, the first set of light rays 1713a originates from a single object at a distance and is parallel to the optical axis 1714. It is refracted by regions 1703 and 1705 (1713b), which, in conjunction with the power distribution of the base lens of the ophthalmic lens 1700 and the optics of the eye 1715, form a focal point 1718 along the optical axis on the retinal plane 1717 to correct the wearer's distance refractive error. The second set of distant light rays 1716a passes through a portion of the modulation surface region 1704, which incorporates an outward first exemplary tilt radius of curvature 1706 or an inward second exemplary tilt radius of curvature 1710 relative to the base lens radius of curvature 1702a. Figure 17B The optical element 1706 has a geometrically defined shape and / or profile; and can form a focal point on the retina at 1722 or 1721 for outward and inward curvature (tilt) relative to the light ray 1713b that forms the on-axis focal point 1718 through the untilted curvature 1702a, respectively, deviating from the light ray 1716c (in the first example) or 1716b (in the second example). The deviation, for example, the displacement 1719 and 1720 of the focal point from 1718 to 1721 or 1722, can be proportional to the prism power and / or prism angle generated by the curvature tilt parameter in the range and direction of the modulation value. Thus, Figure 17B Larger surface curvature tilts drawn in the diagram, such as 1708 (outward) and 1711 (inward), can produce even greater prism power and a greater shift of focus in the prism angular direction, such as at 1723 and 1724.

[0257] Geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics on the surface of an ophthalmic lens can be designed to be smooth and continuous in the modulation direction. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be modulated in the circumferential or radial direction, or in any or all directions, or any combination thereof, to configure the desired contour of the lens surface at the intersection of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics with the surrounding lens surface when the surrounding surface may be a non-modulated portion of the lens substrate surface or when the intersection with the surrounding lens surface may be within the modulation region. As previously described, the modulation function can be defined to control any configuration or characteristic of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, for example, adding a sine function to a square wave function (e.g., as...). Figure 2I (As shown) This may be necessary or desirable for forming a smooth and continuous geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element on the surface of the ophthalmic lens in the modulation direction. In some embodiments, the modulation function may be defined to produce elements that may not be smooth and / or continuous.

[0258] In some embodiments previously disclosed herein, multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements can be... Figure 18The modulation process outlined herein is formed. For example, the geometric or non-geometric parameters, or combinations thereof, of an ophthalmic lens can be modulated sequentially by different modulation functions derived from mathematical functions within a defined region and direction, defined to generate a new modulated surface geometry incorporating geometrically defined shapes and / or optical contour elements having desired dimensions and optical properties, thereby producing desired optical and image quality. In some embodiments, the modulation parameters can be defined as, for example, the radius of curvature, which is modulated in a single direction to form at least one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens. For example, step 1 may include determining a pre-modulated surface geometry and / or non-geometric properties that define the lens surface shape and / or lens characteristics to be modulated. This can be a mathematical equation in which parameters exist and can be changed. Step 2 may include selecting parameters for the pre-modulated surface geometry or lens characteristics to be modulated, such as radius of curvature, LSR, ROC center position, and refractive index. Next, step 3 may include setting a modulation value range for the parameter to be modulated; for example, if the radius of curvature can be modulated within a range of 150 mm to 220 mm, then the modulation value range could be -50 mm to +20 mm. Step 4 may include defining both the region and orientation in which the pre-modulated surface geometry and / or lens characteristics can be modulated. Step 5 may include creating a modulation function (derived from a mathematical function) considering one or more combinations of the defining forms, parameters, value ranges, regions, and orientations in which the pre-modulated surface geometry and / or lens characteristics can be modulated. Step 6 may include applying the modulation function to the pre-modulated surface / lens characteristics to generate a new geometrically defined surface shape and / or profile optical element or lens characteristic that provides the desired optical effect. The new surface / lens characteristic may be referred to as the “modulated surface geometry / characteristic.” In some embodiments, the process described herein may include not only generating a modulation function for the element but may also be used to retrospectively describe the lens surface (or portions thereof). For example, in some embodiments, the element may be described and specified on a point-by-point basis or through a series of stitched-together regions without using a modulation function. However, the resulting (e.g., final) surface geometry or optical properties can be described by a modulation process and / or a modulation function of any parameters (including, for example, those described herein), thereby forming an element with specified optical parameters.

[0259] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 19 As shown, the geometrically defined shape and / or profile of optical element 1906 may not be used. Figure 18 The modulation process described in the text is used to create it, and it can be created by the intersection of a geometric plane with the substrate surface, and it can be substantially flat.

[0260] In some implementation schemes, Figure 19 The linear geometry 1902 may be flat only in one direction 1903 and thus the surface 1901 can be generated by rotating the line 1902 about the axis 1903 of the non-flat portion. However, in some embodiments, geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements can be generated on the surface of an ophthalmic lens by the intersection of curvatures or shapes that can be portions of one or more spatial planes.

[0261] like Figure 19 As shown, the spatial plane 1904 may include different shapes 1905a-d, 1906, 1907, and 1908. Some of these shapes may be lines 1905a-d and may have an open profile and may be located on plane 1904, or some of these different shapes, such as 1906, 1907, and 1908, may have a closed profile formed at the junction. In some embodiments, such as Figure 19 As shown, the flat portion 1910 can be formed by rotating 1911 (linear geometry) about its normal axis 1912, where the axis is at a right angle 1913. In some embodiments, the profile shape can be open or closed and has any size, shape, or combination or multiple shapes. In some embodiments, the profile shape can provide multiple geometrically defined shapes and / or profile optical elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens in any arrangement and combination of geometric and / or non-geometric parameters on at least one or more spatial planes to impart any optical properties including the type, arrangement, size, amplitude, and / or intensity of elements such as: one or more refractive, diffractive, contrast, light scattering, light deviation, aberration, holographic, diffuse, and / or phase or amplitude modulation myopia control elements, or combinations of one or more elements that vary at least in part across different regions of the ophthalmic lens based on the rate of myopia progression of an individual eye.

[0262] Figure 20A -B shows a schematic diagram of the anterior surface of an ophthalmic lens comprising a circular geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element, which is formed by the geometrical intersection of a plane with a portion of the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens, resulting in substantially circular or circular contour geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements of varying sizes. Figure 20A and Figure 20B ).like Figure 20AAs shown, the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2003 can be formed on the spherical base front surface of the ophthalmic lens 2002 by intersecting the spatially flat plane 2004 with the basic spherical or spherical base surface 2002 to create a basic circle or circular contour 2003 as the plane 2004 moves along the axis 2005 in the normal direction of the plane 2004. When moving along the axis 2005, the plane 2004 first intersects the base surface 2002 at a first surface intersection position 2006, and continues until it stops at a distance 2007 from the first intersection position 2006. In this example, the size of the created basic circle or circular contour 2003 is proportional to the distance 2007 that the plane moves along the axis 2005 after the first intersection position 2006 with the base surface 2002. Figure 20B Showing Figure 20A The illustration is of the same lens, but in which the geometrically defined shape and / or profile of the optical element is smaller than that of 2009. Figure 20A Element 2003 in the example. A smaller geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 2009 can be traveled along axis 2012 from a first intersection position 2013 between the flat plane 2010 and the substrate surface 2008 by the space plane 2010. Figure 20A The travel distance 2007 is formed by the smaller vertical distance 2011.

[0263] Figure 21 A further enlarged three-dimensional perspective view of the surface of ophthalmic lens 2101 is shown, wherein plane 2102 intersects a portion of the spherical base lens surface 2101 to form a geometrically defined circular planar shape and / or profile optical element 2103, similar to... Figure 20A As described in the text. Plane 2102 intersects with lens surface 2101 at a first intersection position 2105 and travels a distance along an axis perpendicular to the surface at the first intersection position to create a new lens surface geometry 2104 by forming a flat portion element 2103 on the inside of plane 2102, while a second geometry 2106 can be created (and removed) on the outside of plane 2102, which is equal to the lens volume change from the original surface base geometry 2101 and the new surface geometry 2104.

[0264] Figure 22 Planar and cross-sectional views of an ophthalmic lens 2201 are shown, which incorporates at least one flat, geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2206 on the lens. The geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may be a spatially flat surface and may be formed by the intersection of flat planar surfaces on the front surface of the lens, as disclosed herein. Figure 22The illustrations include simplified light ray diagrams, for example, in a simplified model eye, where only light rays pointing to and emanating from lens 2201 are shown, without drawing ophthalmic lenses and other components of the eye's optical system present when used with the eye, such as the cornea, ocular lens, vertex distance (in the case of eyeglasses), etc. Figure 22 Ray tracing of multiple groups of light rays entering and exiting the simplified model eye system is schematically shown. Lens 2201 has a base power distribution that corrects for distance refractive errors in the eye, thus refracting a first group of rays 2205a propagating from a distant object parallel to the optical axis 2214, and guiding light rays 2205b to form an on-axis focus 2211 on the retinal image plane 2212. A second group of light rays 2208a from the distant object passes through a flat, geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element 2206 located on the anterior surface and the model eye optics system, which guides light rays 2208b to form an off-axis focus 2209 in an image plane 2210 behind the retinal image plane 2212. A magnified window 2207 of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2206 is shown in 2207, wherein the curvature of the front surface 2202 is changed to be part of a spatially flat plane, thereby creating the contour 2206c of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2206.

[0265] Figure 23 Planar and cross-sectional views of an ophthalmic lens 2301 are shown, which incorporates at least one geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2306 on a rear surface 2304 of the lens. The geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2306 is a spatially flat surface and can be formed, as disclosed herein, by the intersection of flat surfaces on the rear surface of the lens rather than by a modulation process. Figure 23 The illustrations include simplified ray diagrams, for example, in a simplified model eye, where only the light rays pointing to and emanating from lens 2301 are shown, without depicting ophthalmic lenses and other components of the eye's optical system present when used with the eye, such as the cornea, eyepiece, vertex distance (in the case of eyeglasses), etc. Figure 23Ray tracing of multiple groups of light rays entering and exiting the simplified model eye system is schematically shown. Lens 2301 has a base power distribution that corrects for distant refractive errors of the eye, thus refracting a first group of rays 2305a propagating from a distant object parallel to the optical axis 2314 and guiding light rays 2205b to form an on-axis focus 2311 on the retinal image plane 2312. A second group of light rays 2308a from the distant object passes through a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element 2306 located on the rear surface and the model eye optics system, and can guide light rays 2308b to form an off-axis focus 2309 in an image plane 2310 in front of the retinal image plane 2312. A magnified window 2307 of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element 2306 is shown in 2307, where the curvature of the rear surface 2304 changes to be part of a spatially flat plane, thereby creating the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element 2306.

[0266] Figure 24 shows planar and cross-sectional views of an ophthalmic lens 2401, which incorporates planar geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements 2406 and 2408 on its anterior and rear surfaces, respectively. The geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are spatially flat surfaces and can be formed by the intersection of planar surfaces on the anterior and rear surfaces of the lens, as previously disclosed herein. Figures 24A to 24C As shown, the flat planar geometry on the front and rear surfaces defines the shape and / or contour of the optical elements, which have different dimensions, are positioned to be at least partially aligned, and can be tilted, for example, they may not be parallel to each other. Figure 24A The illustrations include simplified ray diagrams, for example, in a simplified model eye, where only the light rays pointing to and emanating from lens 2401 are shown, without depicting ophthalmic lenses and other components of the eye's optical system present when used with the eye, such as the cornea, eyepiece, vertex distance (in the case of eyeglasses), etc.

[0267] like Figure 24A As shown, the flat planar surface element 2406 located on the front surface is positioned to be directly aligned at least partially with the flat planar surface element 2408 located on the rear surface, and this combination may not provide refractive power in this portion of the ophthalmic lens 2401. For example, the power distribution of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element may not refract light, and light rays 2407a may pass through the two elements without refracting light rays. Figure 24B and 24CA magnified window is shown of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics on the anterior surface 2402 and rear surface 2404 of an ophthalmic lens, wherein the surface curvature on each surface changes to be part of a spatially flat plane, thereby creating geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics 2406 and 2408. The dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics 2406 on the anterior surface 2402 may differ from the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics 2408 on the rear surface 2404. Furthermore, at least one geometrically defined shape and / or contour optic 2406 and 2408 on each surface may have different geometric dimensions and different optical dimensions, meaning that light entering the edge of the anterior surface plane 2406 may not pass through the edge of the rear surface plane 2408. Therefore, light passing through the anterior surface element 2406 can pass through the base lens 2401 without passing through the flat plane 2408 positioned on the rear surface of the ophthalmic lens, at least when the user is viewing a distant object in a dominant gaze mode. Figure 24C The relative tilt (prism angle 2423) of the flat planar surfaces on the front and rear surfaces is shown, as depicted by the normal angles of the surface vector axes (2421 and 2422, respectively) shown on the two surfaces. Therefore, light rays entering the ophthalmic lens and passing through the flat planes on the two surfaces tilted relative to each other, while not refracted, can be deflected based on the amount (prism power) and direction (prism angle) of the tilt of each plane. The combination of these two geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 2406 and 2408 is referred to herein as a "prismlet". In some embodiments, the prismlet may exhibit zero, positive, negative power, or one or more combinations thereof when combined with the lens and other optical elements of the eye optical system.

[0268] Figure 24A The diagram schematically illustrates ray tracing of multiple groups of light rays entering and exiting a simplified model eye system. Lens 2401 has a -2D base power distribution to correct for far-distance refractive errors in myopia, thus refracting a first group of rays 2405a traveling from a distant object parallel to the optical axis 2420 and forming an on-axis focus 2411 on the retinal image plane 2412. A second group of light rays 2407a from the distant object passes through a flat-plane geometry-defined shape and / or contour optics element 2406 on the front surface and through a lens optical eye system including a flat-plane geometry-defined shape and / or contour optics element 2408 located on the rear surface of the lens, and can form an off-axis focus 2413 in front of the retinal image plane 2412, since the flat planes may not provide refractive power (i.e., they remain collimated by the lens). The focus can also be laterally shifted from the optical axis 2424 because the planes can be tilted relative to each other. Figure 24CThe resulting prism power provides a light deflection configuration. A third set of light rays 2409a from a distant object passes through the planar geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2406 located on the front surface and the model eye optical system, but does not include the planar geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2408 located on the rear surface, and can form an off-axis focus 2416 in the image plane 2417 behind the retinal image plane 2412. A fourth set of light rays 2410a from a distant object may not pass through the element 2406 on the front surface, but only through the lens optical eye system, including passing through the planar geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2408 located on the rear surface and the model eye optical system, and can form an off-axis focus 2415 in the image plane 2414 in front of the retinal image plane 2412.

[0269] This exemplary configuration of planar geometry-defined shape and / or profile optical elements on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of an ophthalmic lens can, when used by a wearer of an ophthalmic lens, result in light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina as the eye moves independently of the lens optics positioned in the spectacle plane. In some embodiments, multiple planar geometry-defined shape and / or profile optical elements on the anterior and posterior surfaces can be incorporated into the surface of the ophthalmic lens to create multiple independent light deflections with eye or head movement when the ophthalmic lens, for example, is a spectacle lens. In some embodiments, the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina may be at least partially all in the same direction or may not all be in the same direction. In some embodiments, the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina may be random. In some embodiments, the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina may be all the same amount or may not all be the same amount. In some embodiments, the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina can be constant across all viewing angles, gaze directions, or retinal positions, and in other embodiments, the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina can vary with gaze direction or retinal position. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a flat planar element can be configured to provide the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects, which may at least partially include a refractive portion or may not include a refractive portion. Figure 24AIn the exemplary lens shown, the two planes on each surface may be of different sizes, and in this example, the front surface plane is larger than the rear surface plane and the flat planes are not directly aligned. Thus, a portion of the two planes overlaps, and for light from a distant object, the planes will have areas where light rays travel completely through both planes and may be deflected or dispersed based on their relative tilt, but may not be refracted by the lens. However, due to the different sizes of the planes, some light rays passing through the front surface plane may not pass through the rear surface plane and may travel through the curvature of the rear surface of the base lens and be refracted and deflected based on the tilt of the front plane and the relative curvature of the surfaces. In some embodiments, the relative shape, tilt, position, and size of the respective planes can be configured to provide any possible overlapping configuration in primary gaze or any eccentric gaze or head or eye movement, where one plane completely surrounds the other and thus the larger plane by refraction (or any other optical principle or combination thereof) around the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects, or where one plane at least partially overlaps with a portion of another plane to at least partially provide a portion of the light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects that may be free from refraction effects. In some embodiments, the planes can also be configured for primary fixation, such that the two planes can be substantially directly aligned and substantially the same size, such that all light passing through the anterior plane passes through the posterior plane. However, in this configuration, for non-primary fixation or light rays from rays not parallel to the optical axis (e.g., off-axis rays), the light ray angle and / or lens thickness may allow light to pass through one plane instead of the other, and this can lead to light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina when the wearer's eye moves independently of the lens optics in the eyeglass plane during use. Therefore, light rays can be deflected and / or scattered with or without refraction. The configuration and positioning of at least one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens 2401 can lead to light dispersion and / or light deflection optical effects on the retina when the wearer's eye moves independently of the lens optics in the eyeglass plane during use, and can help to differentially stimulate different types of retinal ganglion cells, such as center-peripheral switch (ON-OFF) and off-on (OFF-ON) type ganglion cells. Repeated and / or repetitive and / or constant and / or inconsistent light deviations or dispersions during use with eye movements or head movements or combinations thereof can block or slow down the abnormal signaling of receptor cells responsible for eye growth signaling in children, adolescents and young adults with progressive myopia.

[0270] Figure 25 shows the three-dimensional surface of the ophthalmic lens. Figure 25A -B) and 2D ( Figure 25CThe ophthalmic lens surface incorporates an annular curved ring 2503 and a non-annular (e.g., elliptical) flat planar geometry-defined shape and / or contour optic element 2505, formed according to techniques previously disclosed herein. The annular curved ring 2503 may be pre-formed on the substrate lens. The substrate lens geometry of the ophthalmic lens 2501 exhibits an aspherical form of the ophthalmic lens. The surface includes a single ring 2504. The flat planar geometry-defined shape and / or contour optic element 2505 can be formed by a single flat plane 2506 in conjunction with the annular curved geometry-defined shape and / or contour optic element 2503, according to techniques previously disclosed herein in the example of Figure 20. Figure 25B The element 2505 is formed by the intersection of planes. The outline shape of the formed element 2505 may not be circular; for example, it may be elliptical. In some embodiments, the geometrically defined shape and / or configuration of the outline optical element formed by the intersection of planes, such as size and / or shape, may depend on the surface shape of the lens surface undergoing the modulation process.

[0271] Figure 26 The diagram shows ray tracing and focus of light rays from a distant object passing through a simplified optical system, which includes the ophthalmic lens and model eye previously shown in Figure 25. Figure 26 Plan view and cross-sectional view of an ophthalmic lens 2601 having a pre-formed front surface 2602 are shown. This surface already includes an optical LSR (Lateral Moving Ring) element 2605. The pre-formed surface geometry also includes an elliptical, flat planar geometry defining the shape and / or profile of an optical element 2606, which is formed by the intersection of the spatially flat surface with the annular LSR ring 2605, as previously disclosed herein in Figure 20. As schematically shown, the ophthalmic lens 2601 forms an optical system with optical properties that can be used with the eye to shape focus and optical effects based on optical design. For simplicity of description, Figure 26 The ray tracing shown in the cross-section illustrates a simplified model eye, for example, only showing the light rays pointing to and emanating from lens 2601, without drawing the ophthalmic lenses and other components of the eye's optical system present when used with the eye, such as the cornea, eyepiece, vertex distance (in the case of eyeglasses), etc. Figure 26The diagram schematically illustrates ray tracing of multiple groups of light rays entering and exiting a simplified model eye system. Lens 2601 has a base power distribution that corrects for distance refractive errors in the eye, thus refracting a first group of rays 2609a propagating from a distant object parallel to the optical axis 2620, and forming a focal point 2611 in the retinal plane 2612. A second group of light rays 2610a from the distant object passes through an annular ring 2605 and can form off-axis focal points 2613a and 2613b (also represented as focal rings in 3D). A third group of light rays 2607a from the distant object passes through a flat plane 2606 and forms a single off-axis focal point 2614 at an image plane 2615 behind the retinal image plane 2612.

[0272] Figure 27 shows the three-dimensional view of an ophthalmic lens. Figure 27A -B) and two-dimensional ( Figure 27B (See view) The ophthalmic lens combines two annular LSR rings 2703, 2704 according to the technology previously disclosed herein and a flat-plane geometry-defined shape and / or contour optic element 2707. The flat-plane geometry-defined shape and / or contour optic element 2707 can be configured according to the technology previously disclosed herein in the example of Figure 20 via a single flat plane 2708 and two annularly curved LSR rings 2703, 2704 ( Figure 27B The intersection of the two ring LSR joint rings 2703 and 2704 forms a geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element 2707. The shape may not be circular but may be irregular or any shape.

[0273] Figure 28 A simplified model of the ophthalmic lens shown in Figure 27 illustrates ray tracing and focus within the eye. Figure 28 Plan view and cross-sectional view of ophthalmic lens 2801 are shown. The surface has a predetermined form with LSR rings 2804, 2805. The surface geometry also includes two connected flat planar shapes and / or contour optical elements 2806a and 2806b, which are formed by the intersection of a spatial flat planar surface with two annular rings 2804 and 2805, as previously disclosed herein in Figure 20. As schematically shown, ophthalmic lens 2801 forms an optical system with optical properties that can be used with the eye to form a focal point and optical effects based on optical design. For simplicity of description, Figure 28The ray tracing shown in the cross-section illustrates a simplified model eye, for example, only showing the light rays pointing to and emanating from lens 2801, without drawing the ophthalmic lenses and other components of the eye's optical system present when used with the eye, such as the cornea, eyepiece, vertex distance (in the case of eyeglasses), etc. Figure 28 Ray tracing of multiple groups of light rays entering and exiting a simplified model eye system is schematically shown. Lens 2801 has a base power distribution that corrects for distance refractive errors in the eye, thus refracting a first group of rays 2809a propagating from a distant object parallel to the optical axis 2820 and forming a focal point 2811 on the retinal plane 2812. A second group of light rays 2808a and 2810a from LSR rings 2805 and 2804 can form off-axis focal points 2814 and 2813 (also represented as focal rings in 3D) in different image planes. A third group of light rays 2807a from a distant object passes through flat planes 2806a and 2806b and forms a single off-axis focal point 2815 on an image plane 2816 behind the retinal image plane 2812. In some embodiments, the optical elements disclosed herein can be created by one or more spatial planes or the intersection of planes. The junction of the optical element can be continuous with the geometry of the substrate, and the junction between the two can form a shape defined by the intersection of one or more spatial planes with the surface of the substrate lens.

[0274] In some embodiments, the joining of optical elements may not be continuous and may be a mixture of other geometries, and the joining may be defined by the designer, and the optical element may still be part of one or more spatial planes. In some embodiments, small prisms similar to diffractive elements may also be used to create depth of focus when designed into a specific shape. In some embodiments, phase steps may also be used in the design of ophthalmic lenses. In some embodiments, the optical element may be designed to create an optical power distribution such that it, in conjunction with the eye model, creates parallel rays at the retina. In some embodiments, the small prism may not form an effective focal point due to the high level of dispersion within the model eye.

[0275] Figure 29APlanar and cross-sectional views of an ophthalmic lens 2901 are shown, which incorporates eight geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 2904a-h on the front surface of the lens, and eight geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 2905a-h located between the front and rear surfaces of the lens (e.g., as shown in the cross-sections of elements 2904a and 2905a). The geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements 2904a-h may be spatially flat surfaces and / or may be formed by the intersection of flat planar surfaces on the front surface of the substrate lens as previously disclosed herein, and / or may be formed by using, for example... Figure 18 The modulation function process detailed herein is formed. The geometrically defined shape and / or contour of the optical elements 2905a-h, positioned between the lens surfaces, can be generated using non-geometric parameters, for example, by defining as described herein (e.g., referencing...). Figure 12 The refractive index parameter N is modulated using a square wave function as the "modulation function". The frequency term applied to the modulation function generates the modulation segment of the lens in Figure 29, which has eight optical elements formed in the lens body, the optical elements being formed as shown in, for example, reference... Figure 12 The same shape, distribution, and focal power distribution (tangential and sagittal focal power maps) are described. In some embodiments, the elements can be substantially directly aligned; for example, a front surface element can be paired with an element in the lens matrix. In some embodiments, two corresponding elements can not be directly aligned; for example, a front surface element can not be paired with an element in the lens body and can be at least partially spatially spaced or at least partially spatially overlapping. In some embodiments, some elements can be aligned while others can be misaligned. In some embodiments, the two elements can have different dimensions, and in some embodiments, the dimensions can be substantially the same. In some embodiments, the two elements can be parallel to each other, and in some embodiments, the elements can be tilted relative to each other. In some embodiments, the elements can have substantially the same optical effects; for example, both can have refractive properties, such as those derived from curvature, linear curvature, flatness, refractive index, phase difference, and / or prism. In some embodiments, the two elements can have different optical properties; for example, one element, such as a front surface element, can have refractive properties, and the second element in the pair can provide non-refractive properties, light scattering properties, diffraction, and / or light transmission amplitude properties. In some embodiments, the elements can be paired, and in other embodiments, the two elements can be at least partially spaced apart and unpaired. For example... Figure 29AAs shown, the flat planar surface elements 2904a-h located on the front surface can be positioned substantially directly aligned (e.g., in pairs), and for at least a portion of each element in a defined viewing position (e.g., the dominant gaze directly in front), these elements optically cooperate when the wearer looks through the optical center of the lens at a distance, wherein elements 2905a-h are located within the body of the lens matrix. Therefore, the combination of geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements can provide altered optical effects, such as refractive power, in this region of the ophthalmic lens 2901, because the geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements can refract light passing through each element. However, as in Figure 24A As detailed in the example of -C, the flat planar elements 2904a-h and the non-geometric elements 2905a-h can be tilted relative to each other; for example, the elements can not be parallel to each other. Furthermore, at least one geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element, such as elements 2904a and 2905a, can have different geometric dimensions but have optically identical dimensions. This means that light entering the outermost edge of the front surface plane 2904a can also pass through the outermost edge of the rear surface plane 2905a. Therefore, light that substantially does not pass through the front surface element 2904a can pass through the lens (in the primary gaze) without passing through the second element 2905a. However, in some embodiments, when the elements may have optically different dimensions and / or for light rays received in non-primary gazing or from non-parallel rays entering the ophthalmic lens, the configuration and positioning of at least one geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element on the anterior, body, and / or posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens 2901, when the lens optics move independently of the ophthalmic lens (especially for spectacle lenses) during use in the wearer's eye, can result in light dispersion and / or light deviation and / or image size changes, such as magnification or reduction or distortion, or other such optical effects on the retina. This configuration can be used to differentially stimulate different types of retinal ganglion cells, such as center-peripheral switch-on and off-off ganglion cells as described elsewhere herein. (Especially with eye movement) repetitive and / or repeated and / or intermittent light deviation or light dispersion or image size or distortion signals can block or slow down undesirable signaling of receptor cells responsible for eye growth signaling in children, adolescents, and young adults with progressive myopia.

[0276] Figure 29B-H illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element that produces a series of optical effects and / or combinations of optical effects generated by light rays passing through at least one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements and combinations thereof derived from geometric or non-geometric parameters. The optical properties of at least one or more elements are non-uniform, for example, the optical properties within the elements are non-uniform, or in some embodiments, at least one or more elements are integrally or partially combined with at least one or more other elements due to differences between one or more combinations of the element's shape, size, separation, position, alignment, or tilt, or optical properties, or light ray deviation, or light transmittance, or light reflection, or light scattering mismatch. In some embodiments, the elements can be formed and / or can form geometric or non-geometric optical properties or any combination thereof by modulation of geometric and / or non-geometric parameters and / or by the intersection of shapes distributed on a flat plane. Any optical principle can be used alone or in combination with one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements. For example, at least one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters can be modulated and one or more modulated optical properties (refractive, non-refractive, diffractive, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation, or any combination of one or more of these optical properties) can be generated within one or more elements in an element and / or array. In some embodiments,

[0277] At least one or more modulations can be performed sequentially or simultaneously by applying at least one or more geometric and non-geometric parameters to a modulation function within a range of one or more modulation values, thereby resulting in one or more optical properties being included in one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements that may be located in one or more portions of an ophthalmic lens.

[0278] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to provide ophthalmic lenses for myopia control with a higher degree of myopia control than "average," or for improving myopia control of the eye with a lower-than-expected degree of myopia control. Furthermore, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to improve the wearability of the lens without affecting visual quality. For example, in some embodiments, increased refractive defocusing or light scattering or light transmittance modulation or light deviation, or other undesirable optical side effects, can degrade image quality to the point that the lens may not be wearable for extended periods and become less effective and / or even induce myopia. Therefore, it may be necessary to improve the effectiveness of the treatment priority area without adversely affecting the vision and wearability of the patient with progressive myopia using the ophthalmic lens. Therefore, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to improve or "customize" one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics of the ophthalmic lens and / or one or more treatment priority areas to "reshape" the optical signal delivered to the retina of the eye. Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be customized to deliver a reshaped optical signal at the retina of the eye. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens may include: one or more visual priority zones having a power distribution to primarily correct refractive errors of the eye; and one or more therapeutic priority zones containing one or more “custom-designed” geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements designed to reshape optical signals at the retina of the eye to alter eye growth. In some embodiments, the one or more “custom-designed” geometrically defined shape and / or contour elements designed to reshape optical signals at the retina of the eye to alter eye growth may further reduce, delay, slow, inhibit, or prevent eye growth compared to non-custom-designed elements. In some embodiments, the one or more “custom-designed” geometrically defined shape and / or contour elements designed to reshape optical signals at the retina of the eye to alter eye growth may enhance, stimulate, or promote eye growth. In some embodiments, the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be customized by combining any combination of refractive, non-refractive, diffractive, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holographic, diffuse, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation features, and / or other characteristics. In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements can be customized by incorporating any combination of refractive, non-refractive, diffractive, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holographic, diffuse, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation features and / or features within, around, or surrounding the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, or partially combined with or external to them, or on their surface or in combinations thereof. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens may include one or more “custom-designed” geometrically defined shape and / or contour elements that can refocus such that one or more focal points at the retina can be in myopic or hyperopic defocus or both.In some other embodiments, one or more “custom-defined” geometrically defined shape and / or contour elements in one or more treatment priority areas can reshape retinal image quality. In some embodiments, ophthalmic lenses such as spectacle lenses or contact lenses may include one or more treatment priority areas containing one or more “custom-defined” geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, which may be in the form of a small lens, ring, shape, or region of the treatment area. In some other embodiments, ophthalmic lenses such as spectacle lenses or contact lenses may include one or more treatment priority areas containing one or more “custom-defined” geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, which may be in the form of light scattering elements and / or light amplitude modulation elements arranged in an array or mask and are designed to provide optical signals (e.g., different optical signals) that conflict with the optical signals provided at the retina of the eye by non-custom-defined geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, to alter or modify or control contrast and / or alter or modify or control the detection of contrast and / or myopia-inducing optical signals and / or myopia-controlling optical signals by retinal receptors. In some other embodiments, ophthalmic lenses, such as spectacle lenses or contact lenses, may include one or more treatment priority areas comprising one or more “custom-defined” geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, which may be in the form of light scattering elements and / or light amplitude modulation elements arranged in an array or mask and designed to provide reshaped optical signals at the retina of the eye to alter or modify or introduce scattering and / or light transmission modulation. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include: one or more visual priority areas having a power distribution to primarily correct refractive errors in myopia; and one or more treatment priority areas comprising one or more “custom-defined” geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics designed to introduce reshaped optical signals at the retina of the eye to alter eye growth. In some embodiments, the reshaped optical signal is delivered at the retina by “customizing” one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics having a higher power distribution or more aberration power distributions. In some other embodiments, the reshaped optical signal is delivered at the retina by changing or increasing the density of “custom-defined” geometrically defined elements per unit area. In some other embodiments, reshaped optical signals are transmitted at the retina by varying or increasing or decreasing the number of “custom” to “non-custom” geometrically defined elements per unit area. In some embodiments, reshaped optical signals are transmitted at the retina by “custom” one or more refractive-based geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements having a light scattering region surrounding the element and / or a light amplitude modulation region surrounding the element.In some implementations, custom features may be distributed within at least a portion of the treatment priority area and / or within at least a portion of the element and / or within at least a portion of the visual priority area.

[0279] In some other embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include one or more visual priority zones and one or more treatment priority zones comprising one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, wherein the one or more visual priority zones and / or one or more treatment priority zones are "customized" to transmit reshaped optical signals at the retina of the eye. In some embodiments, the reshaped optical signal is enhanced, altered, modulated, changed, varied, or strengthened compared to the optical signal transmitted by the ophthalmic lens, wherein the one or more visual priority zones or one or more treatment priority zones and / or one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics are not customized. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens having one or more "customized" treatment priority zones may incorporate one or more features located or positioned within or around, adjacent to, connected to, proximal to, or distal to, spaced apart from, overlap with, cover, or located beneath, or scattered between or around, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, to reshape the optical signal at the retina of the eye without significantly impairing abrasion resistance. In some embodiments, features may include those in a visual priority zone or a treatment priority zone and / or may be associated with any geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics designed to provide conflicting optical signals at the retina of the eye and to selectively reshape the optical signals arriving at the retinal image plane, such as retinal image quality and / or modulation transfer function and / or image contrast and / or retinal illuminance and / or uniformity or homogeneity across the entire image of the optical signals arriving at the retinal image plane. In some embodiments, one or more “customized” treatment priority zones or visual priority zones may be designed to work more effectively by contributing the reshaped optical signals during natural eye movements such as micro-jumps and / or other larger eye movements. In some embodiments, the reshaped optical signals may enhance suppression, such as reducing the detection of myopic growth-stimulating images of retinal receptors or further reducing their image quality and / or may enhance or improve the image quality of myopia control images of retinal receptors, making them superior to the image quality provided by unmodeled optical signals. In some embodiments, the reshaped optical signal can be designed to differentially target one or more regions of the retina that may have different sensitivities to such optical signals, such as more central regions within 5 degrees of the macula, or perifoveal or meso-peripheral regions between 5 and 15 degrees, or peripheral retina >15 degrees from the macula. In some embodiments, any regional orientation can be targeted, because the retina's sensitivity to optical signals can vary locally within the retina; for example, it can be targeted horizontally and / or vertically and / or at an angle by varying degrees of modification of the optical signal.Therefore, the effectiveness of ophthalmic lenses for myopia control can be improved by customizing one or more visual priority zones and / or therapeutic priority zones and / or one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics without significantly altering or changing or increasing the intensity or fill factor of the therapeutic priority zone, and without further impairing the image quality of the visual and / or therapeutic priority zones, including, for example, image quality with head and / or eye movement, dynamic visual quality, and wearability.

[0280] In some embodiments, the visual priority zone and / or treatment priority zone can provide a reshaped optical signal to the retina of the eye. In some embodiments, one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements forming an exemplary array in the treatment priority zone can be customized by surrounding one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements with an annular region, wherein the annular region can provide at least in part a reshaped optical signal, such as a modified or altered contrast optical signal compared to a non-customized visual priority zone and / or geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element. The altered or conflicting optical signal can, for example, target retinal receptors in a parafoveal region of the eye at a distance of 5 to about 15 degrees from the fovea, and can alter retinal contrast detection (e.g., make the image less detectable) by about 20% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, or about 75% or more, or about 100% or more, compared to a geometrically defined shape and / or optical contour element surrounded by an unaltered visual priority zone. In some embodiments, the reshaped optical signal can be rotationally symmetric and in other embodiments can be rotationally asymmetric, and can be horizontally oriented and / or vertically oriented and / or angularly oriented, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the customized lens contributing to the reshaped optical signal can be about 10% of the area of ​​at least one or more elements, or about 30% or more, or about 50% or more, or about 100% or more of the area of ​​the associated elements. In some embodiments, the customized and variable optical signal can be spatial frequency and / or image contrast and can be low spatial frequency (<5 cycles / degree), medium spatial frequency (5-10 cycles / degree), or high spatial frequency (>10 cycles / degree). In some embodiments, the contrast can be changed by about 10% or more, or 25% or more, or about 50% or more, or about 100% or more compared to the contrast of the associated elements and / or the visual priority area. In some embodiments, the “customized” visual priority area can include a ring-shaped region surrounding a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element that generates the reshaped optical signal. In some embodiments, the ring-shaped region can incorporate a contrast reduction feature that reshapes the contrast of the retinal image by about 20%. In some embodiments, when the annular region surrounding the visual priority zone of an element in the treatment area has a width that protrudes about 3 degrees on the perifoveal retina and provides about double to about 40% retinal image contrast in a lower spatial frequency range, the optical signal provided by the element in the treatment area to the retinal receptor can be reduced by about 50% or more. In some embodiments, the “customized” visual priority zone surrounding the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics can be formed by altering surface roughness or by creating light scattering features or any other contrast-reducing optical design. Therefore, without altering the treatment priority or visual priority zones respectively, the effectiveness of incorporating the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics into ophthalmic lenses for myopia control can be improved.Therefore, more effective myopia control can be achieved without increasing visual obstructions that could affect wearability. For example, the ophthalmic lenses described herein may include “customized” features in one or more visual priority zones and / or a portion of a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics located on the lens, which provide a reshaped optical signal at the retina of the eye to alter or slow axial elongation and thus slow myopia progression. The reshaped optical signal results in alteration or enhancement or reduction of one or more optical properties (e.g., defocus or light scattering or light deflection or light transmittance or any other optical property at one or more regions of the retina of the eye), and can be transmitted by modulation in combination with one or more of the following geometric and / or non-geometric parameters: refraction, non-refractive, diffraction, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation elements, or combinations of one or more of these elements.

[0281] Figure 29I Cross-sectional and plan views of an ophthalmic lens, spectacle lens 2921, are shown. The spectacle lens 2921 includes a central visual priority zone 2924 and a peripheral zone 2925, which combines a peripheral visual priority zone 2926 and multiple peripheral therapeutic priority zones 2927. The central visual priority zone 2924 and peripheral visual priority zones 2926 contain a base power distribution to correct, for example, 2D myopic refractive error in young progressive myopic individuals. Windows 2930, 2931, 2932, and 2933 show magnified details of the optical configuration of the peripheral visual priority zone 2926 and peripheral therapeutic priority zone 2927 distributed in the peripheral zone 2925 for four exemplary embodiments of spectacle lens 2921. Each of the four embodiments shown in 2930-2933 shows that the therapeutic priority zone can be formed by at least one of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements formed on the anterior surface 2922 of the ophthalmic lens and can have a power distribution that is approximately +3D more corrected than the visual priority zone. In some implementations, the component can be formed by molding (e.g., casting or injection molding) or by printing the polymer (e.g., inkjet printing or 3D printing) and may involve a curing step. Figure 29IIn the exemplary configuration, the peripheral vision priority zone 2926 at least partially surrounds each geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element. Therefore, the peripheral zone 2927 can be covered by multiple treatment priority zones (e.g., geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements) and can be considered to have the following fill factor ratio (e.g., the proportion of the peripheral zone covered by the element): in the embodiment configured according to window 2930, 40% is filled by the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element 2930b and 60% is filled by the peripheral vision priority zone 2930a combined with the basal focal power distribution. Thus, when using spectacle lenses, the presence of a defocused focal point and / or changes in retinal image quality and / or changes in the wearer's retinal receptors corresponding to the field of vision can alter the amount associated with the fill factor, so that myopia control signals can be detected by retinal receptors and myopia can be controlled. Therefore, the myopia control signal to the retina can be altered by changing the fill factor, for example, by increasing the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in a given area, or by increasing the size of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements within a given area, or by decreasing the spacing between them, such as by increasing their diameter and / or increasing the power distribution of the elements themselves, to change the fill factor from 40% to 45% or more or 50% or more. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more elements 2930b may be increased by 0.1 mm or more, or by 0.2 mm or more, or by 0.5 mm or more to obtain the desired increase in the fill factor ratio to increase the myopia control signal, or the power distribution of the elements may be increased by +0.5D or more, or by +1D or more, or the rate of change of power between elements may be increased more than the original power distribution, or the spacing between elements may be reduced by 0.2 mm or more, or by 0.3 mm or more. All of these methods can achieve an increase in the area and / or intensity of the treatment priority zone in the peripheral zone 2925, but at the cost of image quality in the visual priority zone 2926 surrounding the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, and can lead to an increase in adverse effects on visual acuity and wearability, as well as compliance with wearing ophthalmic lenses.

[0282] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses disclosed herein allow for the customization of multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics positioned within a treatment priority area, and more effectively treat and control myopia progression by increasing the effectiveness of the optical signals generated by the ophthalmic lens and received by retinal receptors, without adversely affecting visual acuity, wearability, and compliance. Enhanced effectiveness of the treatment priority area and / or geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics positioned within it can be provided without significantly or excessively increasing the fill factor to the same extent and / or without increasing the intensity and / or rate of change of focal power of each geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics, thereby maintaining visual quality and wearability, as well as lens wear compliance. In some embodiments, the effectiveness of customized geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics within the peripheral treatment priority area in altering the myopia control optical signals reaching the retina can be enhanced by altering the peripheral visual priority area at least partially surrounding the treatment priority area and / or surrounding the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. In some embodiments, the effectiveness of multiple peripheral treatment priority zones in altering the myopia control optical signal reaching the retina can be enhanced by modifying a portion of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics positioned within the treatment priority zone or array of treatment priority zones. In some embodiments, the myopia control optical signal reaching the retina can be image contrast and / or image contrast distribution and / or image deviation and / or light amplitude. For example, windows 2930-2933 show several examples of enhanced peripheral vision priority zones tailored for myopia control treatment using geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics. Windows 2930 and 2931 show the presence of small light scattering elements (2930a) and larger light scattering elements (2931a) that can introduce a suitable amount of light scattering (e.g., as stray light) to not significantly alter the image quality focused on the retina for myopia vision correction, but can significantly alter retinal receptor signals, thereby promoting axial elongation from one or more of the multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics constituting treatment priority zones 2930b and 2931b, respectively. In some embodiments, as Figure 29IAs shown in the mid-section, small light scattering features 2930a and larger light scattering features 2931 can be located on one or both surfaces, or within the body of the ophthalmic lens between two surfaces, or formed as part of a lens coating process, or incorporated as particles into the lens coating material or layered beneath the lens coating, and can have any suitable size, shape, and / or dimension to achieve the desired arrangement and effect. Light scattering elements can be formed, for example, using a laser (e.g., a femtosecond laser or a CO2 laser) to create variations in material properties (e.g., light transmittance and / or refractive index and / or light scattering). In some embodiments, the elements can be formed by molding processes or by stamping or embossing or printing (e.g., inkjet printing or 3D printing of polymers), and may involve curing or drying or evaporation steps, or can be formed by surface roughening or material removal processes (including microblasting processes). In other embodiments, films or layers providing optical properties can be incorporated onto or into the lens material. In 2930a and 2931a, the light scattering elements can be distributed substantially uniformly within a visual priority zone surrounding the shape and / or element, thereby customizing the element and providing remodeled optical signals to retinal receptors that enhance the effectiveness of the treatment priority zone. In some embodiments, the distribution of the light scattering elements can be located on one or two surfaces and / or between surfaces or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the features may not be uniformly distributed but randomly distributed. In some embodiments, the features may be distributed in a pattern or array.

[0283] In such Figure 29J In some embodiments shown, multiple geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements may be distributed on a central region 2944 and a peripheral region 2945 on the anterior surface of the ophthalmic lens, and light scattering features may also be distributed on both the peripheral visual priority region 2946 and the peripheral treatment priority region 2947 on the anterior surfaces (2951a and 2952a) or entirely within multiple shapes / elements in the treatment priority region (2950b). In some embodiments, light scattering elements may be integrated into the element itself or may be used as or can be formed into geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements. In some embodiments, the treatment priority region may be on the same surface or on different surfaces or between surfaces, or any combination thereof, with the visual priority enhancement region. In some embodiments, the visual priority region may have enhancing optical features distributed in a more localized or concentrated manner around the treatment priority region. For example, Figure 29IEnlarged view windows 2932 and 2933 show a single geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element similar to that shown in windows 2930 or 2931. Element 2932c has a power distribution that is +3D more positive than the -2D power of the peripheral vision priority zone 2932a used to correct myopic refractive errors in individuals with progressive myopia. In some embodiments, the power distribution of one or more elements may be more negative than the base power. Surrounding element 2932c is a portion of the peripheral vision priority zone 2932b, which also has a -2D power distribution to correct myopic refractive errors and also incorporates light scattering features as shown in 2930 or 2931. The enhanced peripheral vision priority zone 2932b may incorporate light scattering features tightly surrounding at least a portion of the single therapeutic element 2932c, which are more concentrated than light scattering features that may exist in other areas of the peripheral vision priority zone 2932a (without optical design features) and 2932b. Optical feature 2932b can be configured to provide controlled variations in image quality, such as reduced and / or diminished and / or non-uniform image contrast compared to other areas of the peripheral visual priority zone and to the image quality of elements in the treatment priority zone for different spatial frequencies (e.g., lower spatial frequencies). In some embodiments, the enhanced portion of the visual priority zone and / or the enhanced and / or customized treatment priority zone or customized elements within the treatment priority zone or array can provide reshaped optical signals to retinal receptors when used with an ophthalmic lens and can alter image quality or image contrast detection or image suppression and / or image deviation and / or transient image deviation and / or optical amplitude.

[0284] An enhancement portion of the peripheral visual priority zone surrounding one or more of a plurality of custom elements that can form one or more treatment priority zones may be combined with an optical design that can alter the contrast from the visual priority zone (e.g., slightly alter the contrast and provide conflicting and / or reshaped optical signals). In some embodiments, the enhancement portion of the peripheral visual priority zone may surround a geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element and may have a width of about 1 degree or more, about 3 degrees or more, or about 5 degrees or more, or may be greater than 8 degrees or may be 10 degrees or more, and may have a contrast or average contrast of about 10% or more, 30% or more, or 50% or more, with low or medium or high spatial frequencies. At least in part, the width of the ring and the image quality (e.g., image contrast) formed by the light passing through the ring may differ from and conflict with the image quality (e.g., image contrast and / or spatial frequency) of the treatment priority zone and may occupy a portion of the visual priority zone, such as <50% or <30% or <15% or <10% or less than 5%, and may actually have a clinically insignificant effect on basal focal power and / or refractive error correction and / or vision derived from the visual priority zone, because the size of the selected portion is relatively small relative to the size of the remaining visual priority zone. However, the presence of the enhanced portion of the peripheral visual priority zone as described above can significantly improve the effectiveness of myopia control optical signals reaching the retina from the treatment priority zone without actually altering the treatment priority zone and increasing any adverse effects on visual acuity and wearability provided to ophthalmic lens users. For example, when the width of the enhanced visual priority zone is a ring surrounding the treatment priority zone and is about 3 degrees opposite and about 50% contrast, the treatment priority zone element further reduces image quality by more than 30%, and may exceed 50% or may exceed 100% or more. In some implementations, a portion of the treatment area, such as geometrically defined shapes and / or contours of optical elements, can incorporate the optical features described herein to enhance the effectiveness of the element in transmitting myopia control optical signals to the retina. Thus, ophthalmic lenses can have a stronger treatment priority zone, for example, increasing image contrast loss and / or reducing retinal receptor detection of myopia-inducing optical signals and / or increasing retinal receptors for myopia control optical signals without adversely affecting the abrasion resistance or visual acuity of the spectacle lens.

[0285] In some embodiments, region 2932b may reduce contrast by about 10% or more, or about 20% or more, or about 50% or more, compared to other regions of the visual priority zone. In some embodiments, the low, medium, and / or high spatial frequencies of light passing through the enhanced visual priority zone 2932b may be reduced by about 10% or more, or about 20% or more, or about 50% or more. In some embodiments, the light scattering characteristics in region 2932b surrounding at least one geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element in the peripheral treatment priority zone 2932c may be replaced by a higher-order aberration power distribution (e.g., a spherical aberration power distribution as shown in window 2933 as the enhanced peripheral visual priority zone 2933b). In some embodiments, any other optical principles may be applied to at least a portion of the central or peripheral visual priority zone and / or any portion of the treatment priority zone or any geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics element to enhance the effectiveness of at least one or more central and / or peripheral treatment priority zones. For example, other optical principles may include refraction, non-refractive, diffraction, contrast modulation, phase modulation, light scattering, aberration, holography, diffusion, light deflection (prism), light amplitude modulation, or a combination of one or more of their optical properties.

[0286] In some implementations, for example, Figure 29KThe spectacle lens has a central visual priority zone 2964 containing a base power of -3D for correcting myopia in children; a plurality of annular peripheral visual priority zones 2965, which also have a -3D power distribution; and a plurality of annular peripheral treatment priority zones 2966, which are formed by a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics that are relatively more corrected than the visual priority zones with a power ratio of +2.5D. In this configuration, the plurality of annular geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optics of the peripheral visual priority zones of the spectacle lens (e.g., 2970a-d shown in magnified window 2970) alternate in the annular treatment priority zones (e.g., 2970g-j shown in magnified window 2970). Peripheral visual priority zones 2970a-d may be enhanced visual priority zones and may be combined with optical design features as disclosed herein, which may alter the effectiveness of treatment priority zones 2970g-j in altering retinal image quality and / or myopia induction or myopia control optical signal detection, thereby improving the myopia control effectiveness of ophthalmic lens 2961 compared to a lens without enhanced visual priority zones, without significantly affecting visual acuity across the visual priority zones. In some embodiments, the entire annular peripheral visual priority zone 2966 may be enhanced with optical design features. In some embodiments, for example, as detailed in magnified window 2971, an annular peripheral treatment priority zone 2971c may be at least partially connected to a portion of the enhanced visual priority zone 2971b, while the remainder of the visual priority zone 2971a may not be enhanced by the optical design features shown in 2971b, or alternatively, in some embodiments, 2971a may not be combined with any enhanced optical design features. In some embodiments, the performance of the treatment priority zone can be enhanced by introducing aberrations (e.g., higher-order aberrations), a progressive power distribution, or aberration power distribution, or by other optical designs that may be formed over or limited to the entire area surrounding the treatment priority zone, thereby enhancing the myopia control optical signal reaching the retinal receptor from the ophthalmic lens including the treatment priority zone. In some embodiments, the enhancement area of ​​the visual priority zone may be uniformly distributed or concentrated, or may be solely within the visual priority zone, or solely within the treatment priority zone, or may be at least a portion of two zones, or within at least a portion of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

[0287] In such Figure 29LIn some embodiments shown, the enhanced peripheral visual priority region 2995 (2980a, 2981a) may have optical design features distributed across the peripheral region 2996 and surround at least a portion of a lenticular, geometrically defined shape and / or contoured optical element 2996 (2980b, 2981b) arranged in a regular pattern or array [e.g., as shown in annular and concentric ring arrangements of separate (2980) or connected (2981)]. As can be noted in the figures, any arrangement and size of the geometrically defined shape and / or contoured optical element may be possible, as disclosed herein. Alternative embodiments may introduce optical variations into the visual priority region adjacent to or surrounding the treatment priority region, including filters or refractive index variations or additive or coating or treatment or film or lithographic variations. Variations may also be surface geometry variations or purely optical variations or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, one or both surfaces may be modified, including the area directly beneath the treatment region.

[0288] Further advantages of the claimed subject matter will become apparent from the embodiments described below, which describe certain implementations of the claimed subject matter. In some embodiments, one or more (including, for example, all) of the following further embodiments may include each of the other embodiments or portions thereof.

[0289] Example A :

[0290] A1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: an anterior surface; a posterior surface; and one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements formed on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens; wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour elements on the surface of the ophthalmic lens are formed by applying one or more modulation functions to one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens; wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour elements are formed in a predetermined region of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., any location on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens) and in a predetermined direction (e.g., annular, spiral, and / or non-annular).

[0291] A2. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a plurality of geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

[0292] A3. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements comprise a power distribution varying in a predetermined direction and / or perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

[0293] A4. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements comprise a power distribution that decreases at the edges in a predetermined direction.

[0294] A5. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements comprise a reduced power distribution in a direction perpendicular to a predetermined direction.

[0295] A6. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements increase, decrease, and / or remain the same in a direction extending radially from the center of the ophthalmic lens.

[0296] A7. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein modulation of geometric parameters is applied to the front and / or rear surfaces of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more recesses on the front and / or rear surfaces of the lens corresponding to one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or profile optical elements.

[0297] A8. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein modulation of geometric parameters is applied to the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more bulges on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the lens corresponding to one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or profile optical elements.

[0298] A9. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of optical impairments (e.g., myopia and / or presbyopia).

[0299] A10. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are configured to create any combination of one or more of positive defocus, negative defocus, focusing and / or refocusing of light in a predetermined direction (e.g., symmetrical, asymmetrical, aberration in at least one direction, monofocal, and / or multifocal).

[0300] A11. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the modulation function is derived from any combination of one or more mathematical functions, including, for example, logarithmic functions, sine functions, conic functions, polynomial functions and / or any predetermined mathematical function.

[0301] A12. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the modulation function is a periodic function and the resulting one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements are periodic relative to each other.

[0302] A13. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the modulation function is derived from a combination (e.g., a product) of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency.

[0303] A14. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the modulation function is derived from a combination (e.g., a product) of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency, for defining the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in a predetermined region.

[0304] A15. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more parameters to be modulated during modulation comprise any combination of one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters.

[0305] A16. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters modulated during modulation affect any combination of one or more of the following: optical power characteristics in a predetermined direction (e.g., sagittal and / or tangential and / or optical modulation transform function (MTF) and / or light scattering function); refractive power, prism power; optical axis angle and direction (e.g., lateral separation of the optical axis).

[0306] A17. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the predetermined region comprises the entire surface of the lens or the region of the ophthalmic lens.

[0307] A18. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the predetermined region includes a portion of the ophthalmic lens defined by its inner radius and extending to the outer edge of the ophthalmic lens.

[0308] A19. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein a predetermined region comprises a ring defined by an inner radius and an outer radius on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

[0309] A20. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein a predetermined region comprises a plurality of concentric rings defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

[0310] A21. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein a predetermined modulation region comprises a ring defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius, and the predetermined modulation region comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

[0311] A22. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises at least two predetermined modulation regions defined by concentric rings, wherein the same (or different) number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are present in at least two (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) concentric rings, wherein the position of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in one ring is in phase (or out of phase) with the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the other ring.

[0312] A23. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of one or more spatial directions of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., any combination of one or more of radial, angular, arithmetic spiral, diagonal and / or sinusoidal directions).

[0313] A24. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of radial, non-radial, angular and / or non-angular (e.g., linear) directions.

[0314] A25. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the modulation function is continuous in a predetermined direction.

[0315] A26. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein a modulation function is applied to a defined mathematical surface geometry that is a surface of the ophthalmic lens or part of the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

[0316] A27. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the modulation function is selected to define one or more of the shape, form, power, configuration, number and / or position of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements.

[0317] A28. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are distributed in any combination of one or more of the following: radial direction, non-radial direction, angular direction, non-angular (e.g., linear) direction, circumferential direction, horizontal direction, vertical direction, diagonal direction, and / or helical direction.

[0318] A29. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements have any combination of power distributions.

[0319] A30. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are configured to create one or more combinations of light scattering, diffraction and / or diffusion, and have or do not have power distribution and / or light amplitude modulation (e.g., reduced transparency, different refractive index).

[0320] A31. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein any one of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements is configured to create one or more of light scattering, diffraction, and diffusion, or any combination thereof.

[0321] A32. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics are configured to be inconspicuous (e.g., not easily visible) by further modulating certain parameters of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optics.

[0322] A33. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprising one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements is manufactured using CNC machining, freeform manufacturing techniques, three-dimensional printing techniques and / or lasers (e.g., femtosecond lasers).

[0323] A34. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein the ophthalmic lens is one of a spectacle lens, a contact lens, or an intraocular lens.

[0324] A35. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of myopia.

[0325] A36. An ophthalmic lens of any of the embodiments in A, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to correct or substantially correct presbyopia.

[0326] A37. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the junction of one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements is discontinuous with the base geometry of the ophthalmic lens.

[0327] A38. An ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the junction of one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements is continuous with the base geometry of the ophthalmic lens.

[0328] Example B

[0329] B1. A method for forming one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens, the method comprising: defining a modulation function to modify one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens by applying the modulation function to one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens in a predetermined region and in a predetermined direction (e.g., annular, spiral, and / or non-annular); and forming one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the ophthalmic lens, thereby causing a change in the curvature of at least one of the anterior surface and / or the posterior surface of the ophthalmic lens.

[0330] B2. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

[0331] B3. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements comprise a focal length distribution that varies in a predetermined direction and / or in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

[0332] B4. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements comprise a focal power distribution that decreases at the edges in a predetermined direction.

[0333] B5. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements comprise a reduced focal length distribution in a direction perpendicular to a predetermined direction.

[0334] B6. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element increase, decrease, and / or remain the same in a direction extending radially from the center of the ophthalmic lens.

[0335] B7. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein a modulation function is applied to parameters on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of an ophthalmic lens to create one or more recesses on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the lens corresponding to one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or profiles of optical elements.

[0336] B8. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein a modulation function is applied to parameters on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of an ophthalmic lens to create one or more ridges on the anterior and / or posterior surfaces of the lens corresponding to one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or profiles of optical elements.

[0337] B9. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of optical obstructions (e.g., myopia and / or presbyopia).

[0338] B10. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are configured to create any combination of one or more of positive defocus, negative defocus, focus and / or refocus of light in a predetermined direction (e.g., symmetrical, asymmetrical, aberration in at least one direction, monofocal and / or multifocal).

[0339] B11. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the modulation function is derived from any combination of one or more mathematical functions, including, for example, logarithmic functions, sine functions, conic functions, polynomial functions and / or any predetermined surface pattern.

[0340] B12. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the modulation function is a periodic function and the resulting one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements are periodic relative to each other.

[0341] B13. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the modulation function is a combination (e.g., a product) of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency.

[0342] B14. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the modulation function is derived from a combination (e.g., a product) of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency, for defining the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in a predetermined region.

[0343] B15. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more modulated parameters comprise any combination of one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters.

[0344] B16. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more modulated parameters affect any combination of one or more of the following: optical power in a predetermined direction (e.g., sagittal and / or tangential and / or optical modulation transform function (MTF) and / or light scattering function); refractive power; prism power and angles of geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element geometry; optical axis angles and directions (e.g., lateral separation of the optical axis).

[0345] B17. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined region comprises the entire surface of the lens or the region of an ophthalmic lens.

[0346] B18. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined region comprises a portion of the ophthalmic lens defined by its inner radius and extending to the outer edge of the ophthalmic lens.

[0347] B19. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined region comprises a ring defined by an inner radius and an outer radius on the surface of an ophthalmic lens.

[0348] B20. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined region comprises a plurality of concentric rings defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius on the surface of an ophthalmic lens.

[0349] B21. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined region comprises a ring defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius and the predetermined region comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

[0350] B22. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises at least two predetermined regions defined by concentric rings, wherein the same (or different) number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are present in at least two (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) concentric rings, wherein the position of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in one ring is in phase (or out of phase) with the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the other ring.

[0351] B23. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of one or more spatial directions of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., any combination of one or more of radial, angular, arithmetic spiral, diagonal and / or sinusoidal directions).

[0352] B24. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of radial, non-radial, angular and / or non-angular (e.g., linear) directions.

[0353] B25. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the modulation function is continuous in a predetermined direction.

[0354] B26. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the premodulated surface geometry is defined as a surface of an ophthalmic lens or a portion thereof.

[0355] B27. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein the modulation function is selected to change one or more of the shape, form, power, configuration, number and / or position of one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements, or any combination thereof.

[0356] B28. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are distributed in any combination of one or more of the following: radial direction, non-radial direction, angled direction, non-angled (e.g., linear) direction, circumferential direction, horizontal direction, vertical direction, diagonal direction, and / or helical direction.

[0357] B29. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements have any combination of focal length distributions.

[0358] B30. The method of any of Embodiment B, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are configured to create any combination of one or more of the following: light scattering, diffraction and / or diffusion, and having or not ...

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: The base lens comprises: Front surface; Back surface; as well as Used to correct basal focal power distribution in refractive errors; and One or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements formed on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens; The one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements on the one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens are formed by applying one or more modulation functions to one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens; The one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are formed in one or more predetermined regions of the ophthalmic lens and in a predetermined direction, and the ophthalmic lens includes at least one other region having an unmodulated substrate surface forming the substrate power distribution; as well as Each of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements is configured to create a combination of positive and negative defocus.

2. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in at least one of the one or more predetermined regions.

3. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements comprise a power distribution that varies in the predetermined direction and / or in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

4. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements comprise a power distribution with a relatively smaller positive power at the edges in the predetermined direction than the central portion of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

5. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements comprise a reduced power distribution in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

6. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element increase, decrease, or remain the same in a direction extending radially from the center of the ophthalmic lens.

7. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more modulation functions are applied to one or more parameters of the front and / or rear surface of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more recesses on the front and / or rear surface of the lens corresponding to the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

8. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more modulation functions are applied to one or more parameters of the front and / or rear surface of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more bulges on the front and / or rear surface of the lens corresponding to the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

9. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to control the progression of optical obstructions.

10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is any combination of one or more functions, the functions comprising: Logarithmic functions, sine functions, conic functions, or polynomial functions.

11. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is a periodic function and the resulting one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements are periodic relative to each other.

12. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is a combination of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency.

13. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is a combination of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency, for defining the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the one or more predetermined regions.

14. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more parameters comprise any combination of one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters.

15. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more parameters include any combination of one or more of the following: optical power in a predetermined direction; radius of curvature; radial and / or axial thickness; center coordinates of the geometry of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element; optical axis angle and direction; and / or refractive index.

16. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise the entire surface of the lens or a region of the ophthalmic lens.

17. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a portion of the ophthalmic lens defined by an inner radius and extending to the outer edge of the ophthalmic lens.

18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a ring defined by an inner radius and an outer radius on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

19. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a plurality of concentric rings defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

20. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a ring defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius, and the predetermined regions comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

21. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises at least two predetermined regions defined by concentric rings, wherein the at least two concentric rings have the same or different number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, wherein the position of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in one ring is in phase or out of phase with the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the other ring.

22. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of one or more spatial directions of the ophthalmic lens.

23. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of radial, non-radial, angular and / or non-angular directions.

24. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is continuous in the predetermined direction.

25. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is defined by the surface of the ophthalmic lens or a portion thereof.

26. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation function is selected to define one or more combinations of the shape, form, power, configuration, number and / or position of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements.

27. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are distributed in any combination of one or more of the following: radial direction, non-radial direction, angled direction, non-angled direction, circumferential direction, horizontal direction, vertical direction, diagonal direction, and / or helical direction.

28. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements have any combination of power distributions.

29. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to create any combination of one or more of the following: light scattering, diffraction and / or diffusion, and having or not having a power distribution and / or light amplitude modulation.

30. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein any one of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements is configured to create any combination of one or more of light scattering, diffraction, and diffusion.

31. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to be inconspicuous by adjusting and / or optimizing certain parameters of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

32. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprising the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements is manufactured using CNC machining, freeform manufacturing techniques, three-dimensional printing techniques, and / or lasers.

33. The ophthalmic lens as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ophthalmic lens is one of a spectacle lens, a contact lens, or an intraocular lens.

34. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to control the progression of myopia.

35. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to correct or substantially correct presbyopia.

36. A method for forming one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contoured optical elements on the surface of an ophthalmic lens, the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens including: an anterior surface, a posterior surface, and a base power distribution for correcting refractive errors, the method comprising: A modulation function is defined to modify one or more parameters of the ophthalmic lens in one or more predetermined regions and in a predetermined direction; and The one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are formed by applying the modulation function of the surface of the ophthalmic lens to change the curvature of at least one of the front surface and / or the rear surface of the ophthalmic lens, wherein the ophthalmic lens includes at least one additional region having an unmodulated substrate surface forming the substrate power distribution, and each of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements is configured to create a combination of positive and negative defocus.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a plurality of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in at least one of the one or more predetermined regions.

38. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements comprise a focal length distribution that varies in the predetermined direction and / or in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

39. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements comprise a focal power distribution with a relatively smaller positive focal power at the edges in the predetermined direction than the central portion of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

40. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements comprise a reduced focal length distribution in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction.

41. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the dimensions of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical element increase, decrease, or remain the same in a direction extending radially from the center of the ophthalmic lens.

42. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more modulation functions are applied to one or more parameters of the front and / or rear surface of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more recesses on the front and / or rear surface of the lens corresponding to the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

43. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more modulation functions are applied to one or more parameters of the front and / or rear surface of the ophthalmic lens to create one or more ridges on the front and / or rear surface of the lens corresponding to the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements.

44. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to control the advance of optical barriers.

45. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is any combination of one or more functions, the functions comprising: Logarithmic functions, sine functions, conic functions, or polynomial functions.

46. ​​The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is a periodic function and the resulting one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements are periodic relative to each other.

47. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is a combination of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency.

48. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is a combination of a sine function having a first frequency and a square function having a second frequency, for defining the number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the one or more predetermined regions.

49. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more parameters comprise any combination of one or more geometric and / or non-geometric parameters.

50. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more parameters comprise any combination of one or more of the following: optical power in a predetermined direction; radius of curvature; radial and / or axial thickness; center coordinates of the geometry of the geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical element; optical axis angle and direction; and / or refractive index.

51. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise the entire surface of the lens or a region of the ophthalmic lens.

52. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a portion of the ophthalmic lens defined by an inner radius and extending to the outer edge of the ophthalmic lens.

53. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a ring defined by an inner radius and an outer radius on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

54. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a plurality of concentric rings defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius on the surface of the ophthalmic lens.

55. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more predetermined regions comprise a ring defined by an inner radius and a corresponding outer radius, and the predetermined regions comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

56. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises at least two predetermined regions defined by concentric rings, wherein the at least two concentric rings have the same or different number of geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements, wherein the position of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in one ring is in phase or out of phase with the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements in the other ring.

57. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of one or more spatial directions of the ophthalmic lens.

58. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the predetermined direction comprises any combination of radial, non-radial, angular and / or non-angular directions.

59. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is continuous in the predetermined direction.

60. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is defined by the surface of an ophthalmic lens or a portion thereof.

61. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the modulation function is selected to define one or more of the shape, form, power, configuration, number and / or position of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements.

62. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or profile optical elements are distributed in any combination of one or more of the following: radial direction, non-radial direction, angled direction, non-angled direction, circumferential direction, horizontal direction, vertical direction, diagonal direction, and / or helical direction.

63. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements have any combination of focal length distributions.

64. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to create any combination of one or more of the following: light scattering, diffraction and / or diffusion, and having or not having a focal length distribution and / or optical amplitude modulation.

65. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein any one of the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements is configured to create one or more of light scattering, diffraction, and diffusion, or any combination thereof.

66. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the one or more geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements are configured to be inconspicuous by adjusting and / or optimizing certain parameters of the geometrically defined shape and / or contour optical elements.

67. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprising the one or more geometrically defined shapes and / or contour optical elements is manufactured using CNC machining, freeform manufacturing techniques, three-dimensional printing techniques, and / or lasers.

68. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the ophthalmic lens is one of a spectacle lens, a contact lens, or an intraocular lens.

69. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of myopia.

70. The method of any one of claims 36-37, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to correct or substantially correct presbyopia.

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