A method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application

Abstract

A method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application, comprising the following steps: 1) Sampling continuous cropping soil; 2) Preparation of compost materials: drying and pulverizing raw cow dung; cutting barley or rice straw into small sections and drying for later use; 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: preparing a compound microbial inoculant for fermentable livestock and poultry manure and straw, urea, and wheat bran; 4) Aerobic composting: thoroughly mixing raw cow dung and straw, stacking them in cross-layers with the soil, evenly spraying urea water and the inoculant-wheat bran complex on each layer of materials, covering the fermentation pile tightly with a plastic film until it is fully fermented and decomposed; 5) Deep plowing and sunning the soil; 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, transporting the fermented compost to the tobacco field where the soil was initially taken and thoroughly mixing it with pond soil. In the present invention, it can effectively improve the continuous cropping obstacle problem in tobacco fields caused by continuous planting of flue-cured tobacco, optimize the soil environment, reduce the content of autotoxic substances accumulated in the soil, and has positive significance for the improvement of soil in long-term continuous cropping tobacco fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields of flue-cured tobacco cultivation and soil conservation, and particularly relates to a method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application. Background Art

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco is a typical crop that avoids continuous cropping. Continuous cropping affects the physical and chemical properties of tobacco field soil, changes the soil nutrient status, deteriorates the soil microbial flora, and increases pathogenic microorganisms. Research shows that with the increase of continuous cropping years of flue-cured tobacco, the single yield of tobacco leaves, the proportion of upper and middle-grade tobacco, and the sensory evaluation quality of smoking show obvious decline. At the same time, the occurrence proportions of diseases and pests such as root-knot nematode, black shank, and bacterial wilt of continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco increase significantly. Continuous cropping obstacle has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of tobacco leaf production.

[0003] The reasons for the formation of continuous cropping obstacles in flue-cured tobacco are complex and are generally considered to be the result of the combined action of various factors within the flue-cured tobacco-soil system. At present, the causes of continuous cropping obstacles in flue-cured tobacco can be summarized into three aspects: namely, the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, the imbalance of soil microbial structure, and the allelopathic autotoxicity of flue-cured tobacco roots. Therefore, reconstructing the microbial flora in continuous cropping soil, increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms, reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria, or changing the nutrient aggregation and imbalance state in the soil, or reducing the accumulation of allelopathic autotoxic substances, are all important ideas for reducing soil continuous cropping obstacles. And these possible measures all start from the soil to change the microenvironment in continuous cropping soil, so as to make the next crop of flue-cured tobacco grow better. At present, the most effective way to solve the continuous cropping obstacle of flue-cured tobacco is rotation, especially multi-year paddy-upland rotation, which can fundamentally solve the continuous cropping obstacle problem. However, in many tobacco-growing areas, land resources and water resources are seriously lacking and do not have the conditions for rotation. Through research, scientific and research workers have developed some technical measures for reducing continuous cropping obstacles, such as soil fumigation, replacing soil, etc., but they often have high costs, long cycles, and limited effects, and it is difficult to implement in many mountainous tobacco fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of poor effect and high cost in the prior art for the continuous cropping obstacle of flue-cured tobacco, the present invention provides a method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Sampling of continuous cropping soil: Conduct multi-point mixed sampling on the surface soil of continuous cropping tobacco fields, and the soil sampling amount is 300-400 kg / mu;

[0008] 2) Compost material preparation: dry the raw cow dung in a ventilated place and crush it; select barley or rice straw, remove the seeds and roots, cut into 3-5 cm small pieces, dry them and set aside;

[0009] 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: prepare composite microbial agents, urea and bran that can ferment livestock and poultry manure and straw;

[0010] 4) Aerobic composting: Mix the raw cow dung and straw thoroughly and stack them in cross layers with the soil.

[0011] —20cm; fully dissolve urea in water, fully mix the composite microbial agent with bran to form an agent complex, evenly spray urea water and the agent complex on each layer of material, and cover the fermentation pile with plastic film until the pile is fully decomposed;

[0012] 5) Deep plowing and sun drying: Before soil preparation, the tobacco field is deep plowed to the bottom of the plow. After about ten days of sun drying, the soil is crushed by rotary pulverizer.

[0013] 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, the fermented compost is transported to the tobacco field where the soil is initially taken, and applied to the prepared tobacco pond in a quantitative manner. After being fully mixed with the pond soil, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and the field management is carried out according to normal measures.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling range in step 1) is between the surface and 20 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the moisture content of the cow dung and straw after drying in step 2) is 20%-30%.

[0016] Preferably, the composite microbial agent in step 3) comprises Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma aureum, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus tubingensis and biological enzymes, and the total effective viable count of the composite microbial agent is ≥10 billion cfu / g.

[0017] Preferably, the pile in step 4) is a trapezoidal stack with a bottom width of about 2.0 m, a top width of about 1.2 m, and a pile height of 0.8-1.2 m.

[0018] Preferably, in step 4), the weight ratio of bran to bacterial agent is 4-5:2.

[0019] Preferably, the weight ratio of raw cow dung, soil, straw, urea, bran and composite microbial agent used for composting in step 4) is 5:3:2:0.03-0.05:0.04-0.05:0.02.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4), the compost is turned regularly, and the moisture content of the compost material is controlled between 40% and 60% by a spraying device until the compost is mature, and the composting time is about 60 to 70 days.

[0021] Preferably, the well-fermented compost in step 4) should be applied during the current tobacco-growing season.

[0022] Preferably, the amount of compost applied to the tobacco pits in step 6) is 800 - 1000 kg per mu.

[0023] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. The improvement method in the present invention can effectively improve the continuous cropping obstacle problem of tobacco fields caused by continuous planting of flue-cured tobacco for years, optimize the soil environment, reduce the content of autotoxic substances accumulated in the soil, and has positive significance for the improvement of long-term continuous cropping tobacco field soil.

[0025] 2. The main raw materials of the compost in the present invention are cow dung, straw and tobacco field soil, supplemented with auxiliary materials such as wheat bran and urea. These materials are easily obtained by tobacco farmers, with low costs, and the composting method is similar to the conventional composting of organic fertilizers by tobacco farmers, with simple operations; the compound microbial inoculant used in composting can be obtained by compounding. Therefore, the present invention has strong operability and feasibility of implementation.

[0026] 3. According to the composting and application methods in the present invention, it can effectively promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, increase the biomass of tobacco plants, reduce the occurrence of diseases, improve the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, and the quality of tobacco leaves is also improved to a certain extent. Therefore, the present invention improves the economic benefits of tobacco leaves, promotes the increase of income of tobacco farmers, and has obvious use effects. Specific Embodiments

[0027] To better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any transformation or replacement based on the teachings of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] An improvement method for continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0031] 1) Sampling of continuous cropping soil: Select a tobacco field block with continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco in the red soil tobacco-growing area of Yunnan, and conduct multi-point mixed sampling on the surface soil of the tobacco field. The soil sampling amount is about 350 kg per mu; the sampling range of the continuous cropping tobacco field soil is between the surface layer and 20 cm;

[0032] 2) Preparation of compost materials: Select fresh cow dung produced by farmers' livestock breeding, dry it in a ventilated place and crush it; select freshly harvested barley or rice straw, remove the grains and root parts, cut it into small sections of 3 - 5 cm and dry it for later use; the moisture content of the dried cow dung and straw is about 25%;

[0033] 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: prepare the composite microbial agent for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and straw (total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 100 cfu / g), as well as some urea and bran;

[0034] 4) Aerobic composting: Spread white plastic film on a flat, open ground near a water source, mix cow dung and straw thoroughly, and stack them in cross-layers with the soil, with each layer 18 cm high. Dissolve the pre-weighed urea in water, mix the bacterial agent with bran, and evenly spray urea water and bacterial agent complex on each layer of materials. The pile is in a trapezoidal strip with a bottom width of about 2.0m, a top width of about 1.2m, and a pile height of 0.8-1.2m. Cover the fermentation pile with plastic film to prevent rainwater from entering. After that, the compost is checked and turned regularly, and the moisture content of the composting material is controlled between 40% and 60% with a sprinkler until the compost is mature. The microbial agents mainly include Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma aureum, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus tubingensis, and also include biological enzymes. The total effective viable bacteria count in the composite microbial agent is ≥100 cfu / g. The dosage ratio of the bran and the agent is 5:2. The weight ratio of cow dung, continuous cropping soil, straw, urea, bran and the agent used in composting is 5:3:2:0.04:0.05:0.02. The composting time is about 65 days. The fermented and mature compost should be applied in the tobacco season of the same year.

[0035] 5) Deep plowing and sun drying: Before soil preparation, use a reversible deep plow to deep plow the tobacco field to the bottom of the plow. After about ten days of sun drying, the soil is crushed by rotary pulverizer.

[0036] 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, the fermented compost is transported to the tobacco field where the soil is initially taken, and applied in a quantitative manner to the prepared tobacco pond. After being fully mixed with the pond soil, tobacco seedlings are transplanted and field management is carried out according to normal measures; the amount of compost applied to the tobacco pond is 900kg / mu.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The present embodiment provides a method for improving a continuous cropping tobacco field based on in-situ soil composting and application, comprising the following steps:

[0039] 1) Continuous cropping soil sampling: select fields in Yunnan red soil tobacco areas where continuous tobacco cropping is difficult, and conduct multi-point mixed sampling on the surface soil of the tobacco fields. The soil sampling volume is about 300kg / mu; the sampling range of the soil in the continuous cropping tobacco fields is between the surface and 20cm;

[0040] 2) Compost material preparation: Select raw cow dung produced by livestock breeding in farmers' households, dry it in a ventilated place and crush it; select freshly harvested barley or rice straw, remove the grains and roots, cut it into small sections of 3-5 cm and dry it for later use; the moisture content of the dried cow dung and straw is about 20%;

[0041] 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: prepare the composite microbial agent for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and straw (total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 100 cfu / g), as well as some urea and bran;

[0042] 4) Aerobic composting: Spread white plastic film on a flat, open ground near a water source, mix cow dung and straw thoroughly, and stack them in cross-layers with the soil, with each layer 20 cm high. Dissolve the pre-weighed urea in water, mix the bacterial agent with bran, and evenly spray urea water and bacterial agent complex on each layer of materials. The pile is in a trapezoidal strip with a bottom width of about 2.0m, a top width of about 1.2m, and a pile height of 0.8-1.2m. Cover the fermentation pile with plastic film to prevent rainwater from entering. After that, the compost is checked and turned regularly, and the moisture content of the compost material is controlled between 40% and 60% by a spraying device until the compost is mature. The microbial agents mainly include Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma aureum, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus tubingensis, and also include biological enzymes. The total effective viable bacteria count in the composite microbial agent is ≥100 cfu / g. The dosage ratio of the bran and the agent is 4:2. The weight ratio of cow dung, continuous cropping soil, straw, urea, bran and the agent used in composting is 5:3:2:0.05:0.04:0.02. The compost is mature for about 60 days. The fermented and mature compost should be applied in the tobacco season of the same year.

[0043] 5) Deep plowing and sun drying: Before soil preparation, use a reversible deep plow to deep plow the tobacco field to the bottom of the plow. After about ten days of sun drying, the soil is crushed by rotary pulverizer.

[0044] 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, the fermented compost is transported to the tobacco field where the soil is first taken, and applied to the prepared tobacco pond in a certain amount. After being fully mixed with the pond soil, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and the field management is carried out according to normal measures. The amount of compost applied to the tobacco pond is 800kg / mu.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] The present embodiment provides a method for improving a continuous cropping tobacco field based on in-situ soil composting and application, comprising the following steps:

[0047] 1) Continuous cropping soil sampling: select fields in Yunnan red soil tobacco area where continuous tobacco cropping is difficult, and conduct multi-point mixed sampling on the surface soil of tobacco fields. The soil sampling amount is about 400kg / mu; the sampling range of continuous cropping tobacco field soil is between the surface and 20cm;

[0048] 2) Compost material preparation: Select raw cow dung produced by livestock breeding in farmers' households, dry it in a ventilated place and crush it; select freshly harvested barley or rice straw, remove the grains and roots, cut it into small pieces of 3-5 cm and dry it for later use; the moisture content of the dried cow dung and straw is about 30%;

[0049] 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: Prepare a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and straw (total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 100 cfu / g). At the same time, also prepare a certain amount of urea and wheat bran.

[0050] 4) Aerobic composting: Lay a white plastic film on the flat, open ground near the water source. Mix the cow dung and straw thoroughly and stack them in a cross-layered manner with the soil, with each layer being 15 cm high. Dissolve the pre-weighed urea in water fully. Mix the inoculum and wheat bran thoroughly and evenly spray the urea water and inoculum complex on each layer of the material. The compost pile is in the shape of a trapezoidal strip stack, with a bottom width of about 2.0 m, a top width of about 1.2 m, and a pile height of 0.8 - 1.2 m. Cover the fermentation pile tightly with a plastic film to prevent rainwater from entering. Then regularly check and turn the pile, and use a spraying device to control the water content of the compost material between 40% - 60% until the pile is fully decomposed; the microbial inoculum mainly includes Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma atroviride, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus tubingensis. In addition, it also includes biological enzymes. The total effective viable bacteria count in the compound microbial inoculum ≥ 100 cfu / g; the dosage ratio of the wheat bran to the inoculum is 5:2; the weight ratio of the cow dung, continuous cropping soil, straw, urea, wheat bran, and inoculum used for composting is formulated as 5:3:2:0.03:0.05:0.02; the time for the pile to be fully decomposed is about 70 days; the fully decomposed compost should be applied during the tobacco growing season of the current year.

[0051] 5) Deep plowing and sunning the soil: Before forming the ridges, use a rotary deep plow to deeply plow the tobacco field until the plow sole layer. After sunning the soil for about ten days, carry out rotary tillage to break up the soil.

[0052] 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, transport the fermented compost to the tobacco field where the soil was initially taken, quantitatively apply it to the prepared tobacco pits, mix it thoroughly with the pit soil, and then transplant the tobacco seedlings and carry out field management according to normal measures. The application rate of the compost applied to the tobacco pits is 1000 kg / mu.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] A method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application in this example includes the following steps:

[0055] 1) Sampling continuous cropping soil: Select a tobacco field in the red soil tobacco-growing area of Yunnan where continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco occur, and take multi-point mixed samples from the surface soil of the tobacco field. The soil sampling amount is about 350 kg / mu; the sampling range of the continuous cropping tobacco field soil is between the surface layer and 20 cm.

[0056] 2) Preparation of compost materials: Select fresh cow dung produced by farmers' livestock breeding, dry it in a ventilated place and carry out crushing treatment; select freshly harvested barley or rice straw, remove the grains and root parts, cut them into small sections of 3 - 5 cm and dry them for later use; the moisture content of the dried cow dung and straw is about 20%.

[0057] 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: Prepare the compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and straw (total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 100 cfu / g). At the same time, also prepare a certain amount of urea and wheat bran;

[0058] 4) Aerobic composting: Lay a white plastic film on the flat, open ground near the water source. Mix the cow dung and straw thoroughly, and stack them in a cross-layered manner with the soil, with each layer being 20 cm high. Dissolve the pre-weighed urea in water fully. Mix the inoculum and wheat bran thoroughly, and evenly spray the urea water and inoculum complex on each layer of the material. The compost pile is in the shape of a trapezoidal strip stack, with a bottom width of about 2.0 m, a top width of about 1.2 m, and a pile height of 0.8 - 1.2 m. Cover the fermentation pile tightly with a plastic film to prevent rainwater from entering. Then regularly check and turn the pile, and adjust the water content until the pile is fully decomposed; The microbial inoculum mainly includes Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma atroviride, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus tubingensis, and also includes biological enzymes. The total effective viable bacteria count in the compound microbial inoculum ≥ 100 cfu / g; The dosage ratio of the wheat bran to the inoculum is 4:2; The weight ratio of the cow dung, continuous cropping soil, straw, urea, wheat bran, and inoculum used in composting is formulated as 5:3:2:0.04:0.04:0.02; The time for the pile to be fully decomposed is about 65 days; The well-fermented compost should be applied during the tobacco growing season of the current year.

[0059] 5) Deep plowing and sunning the soil: Before ridging, use a rotary deep plow to deeply plow the tobacco field until the plow sole layer. After sunning the soil for about ten days, carry out rotary tillage to break up the soil;

[0060] 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, transport the fermented compost to the tobacco field where the soil was initially taken, quantitatively apply it into the prepared tobacco holes, mix it thoroughly with the hole soil, and then transplant the tobacco seedlings and conduct field management according to normal measures. The application rate of the compost into the tobacco holes is 800 kg / mu.

[0061] Example 5: Influence of in-situ soil compost application on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco

[0062] Test materials: Red soil tobacco field with continuous cropping for five years and showing obstacles. The control group is the tobacco plants obtained by the local conventional cultivation and management method, and the experimental group is the tobacco plants obtained by applying in-situ soil compost as described in Example 1.

[0063] Test methods:

[0064] Set up field plot tests for the experimental group and the control group, and conduct field management such as seedling raising, transplanting, and fertilization according to the local high-quality tobacco leaf production method. The following items are mainly investigated:

[0065] (1) At 45 days after transplanting and before topping of flue-cured tobacco, respectively collect the rhizosphere soil of the tobacco plants and determine the contents of autotoxic substances (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, syringic acid, coumaric acid, palmitic acid) in flue-cured tobacco;

[0066] (2) At 45 days after transplanting and before topping of flue-cured tobacco, observe the agronomic traits of different groups of flue-cured tobacco, such as plant height, stem girth, number of effective leaves, maximum length of the middle leaf, and maximum width of the middle leaf.

[0067] (3) At 45 days after transplanting and before topping of flue-cured tobacco, investigate and measure the photosynthetic parameters of different groups of flue-cured tobacco, such as SPAD value and photosynthetic rate.

[0068] (4) After the flue-cured tobacco leaves are harvested and cured, investigate and measure the yield and grade of different groups of flue-cured tobacco, and calculate the output value of the tobacco leaves according to the purchase price of the current year.

[0069] (5) Collect the C3F grade tobacco leaf samples of each group and measure the main chemical components.

[0070] Test results:

[0071] Table 1: Contents of phenolic acids (autotoxic substances) in rhizosphere soil of different treatment groups

[0072]

[0073] Note: Different vertical numbers in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. The same applies hereinafter.

[0074] As can be seen from Table 1, the contents of the five phenolic acids in the experimental group at 45 days after transplanting were significantly lower than those in the control group, indicating that after applying in-situ compost, the content of autotoxic substances in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants was effectively reduced; before topping, the contents of phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of both the control group and the experimental group were significantly higher than those at 45 days after transplanting, which was due to the release of root exudates during the growth process of tobacco plants, but there were still significant differences between the contents of the five phenolic acids in the experimental group and the control group (except for ferulic acid). The above results show that applying in-situ compost significantly reduced the content of phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants and reduced the autotoxic effect.

[0075] Table 2: Agronomic traits of the above-ground parts of flue-cured tobacco in different treatment groups

[0076]

[0077] As can be seen from Table 2, at 45 days after transplanting, the agronomic trait indexes of tobacco plants in the experimental group, such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, and maximum width of the middle leaf, were slightly higher than those in the control group, but the differences were not significant, and the maximum length of the middle leaf was significantly higher than that in the control group; before topping, the plant height of the experimental group increased by 6.6 cm, the stem girth increased by 0.46 cm, and the leaf area index increased by 0.31 ㎡ compared with the control group, all reaching the significant difference level; the number of effective leaves increased by 0.6, and the maximum length and width of the leaves also increased. The tobacco plants in the experimental group were superior to the control group in all agronomic trait indexes. This is because the experimental group applied in-situ compost, which greatly alleviated the continuous cropping obstacle of flue-cured tobacco and promoted the growth and development of tobacco plants.

[0078] Table 3: SPAD values and photosynthetic parameters of flue-cured tobacco in different treatment groups

[0079]

[0080] Note: The SPAD values in the table are the average values of SPAD measurements of the second-to-last, fourth, sixth, and eighth leaves; the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration are the average values of the fourth leaf from the bottom, with units of μmol·m 2 ·s -1 、g·m -2 ·h -1 ,mmol·m -2 ·s -1 、μmol·mol -1 .

[0081] As can be seen from Table 3, before 45 days after transplanting and before topping, the average SPAD of the tobacco plant leaves in the control group and the experimental group was above 40, and the tobacco plants in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups before topping; there was no significant difference in the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration between the tobacco plants in the experimental group and the control group 45 days after transplanting, while the transpiration rate was significantly higher than that of the control group; before topping, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate of the tobacco plants in the experimental group were all significantly higher than those of the control group, and were significantly higher than the results measured at 45 days. This indicates that after the in-situ compost application, the tobacco plants grow better in the field, have rich chlorophyll content, and enhanced leaf photosynthetic ability.

[0082] Table 4: Yield, output value, and tobacco leaf grades of flue-cured tobacco in different treatment groups

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 4, the tobacco leaf grades in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (the proportion of superior tobacco was more than 6 percentage points higher than that in the control group, and the proportion of superior and medium-quality tobacco was more than 8 percentage points higher), the average price was more than 1.5 yuan / kg higher than that in the control group, the yield was 188.9 kg / hm 2 higher than that in the control group, and the final output value was 7883.2 yuan / hm 2 higher than that in the control group, equivalent to 525.5 yuan / mu. This shows that the compost and its application method of the present invention promoted the growth of tobacco plants and the increase in biomass, and significantly improved the appearance color of tobacco leaves. The yield of the tobacco leaves after harvesting and curing increased, the grade improved, and the output value also increased accordingly.

[0085] Table 5: Chemical components of the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in different treatment groups

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] As can be seen from Table 5, among the chemical components of the middle tobacco leaves in the experimental group: the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar increased by about 10%, and the potassium oxide content in the tobacco leaves was maintained and increased by 11%. This shows that the in-situ compost application in the present invention significantly alleviated the growth obstacles of flue-cured tobacco in continuous cropping soil, making the growth of tobacco plants better and the chemical components more coordinated.

[0089] From the analysis of the input of materials and labor in different treatment groups: In the composting process of the experimental group, about 130 yuan of cow dung, straw, wheat bran, etc. (calculated by the amount per mu, the same below), about 10 yuan of urea, about 40 yuan of microbial compound bactericide, and about 20 yuan of other material losses; the labor costs for manual composting, turning, transportation, fertilization, etc. are about 110 yuan, with a total of about 310 yuan per mu. According to the increase in the output value per mu of the experimental group by about 525.5 yuan, after removing the material and labor costs, the actual increase in output value per mu is about 215.5 yuan. It can be seen that according to the composting and application methods in the present invention, not only does it not increase the production cost of flue-cured tobacco, but also improves the economic benefits of tobacco leaves. Other groups of examples also have basically the same data as the experimental group.

[0090] From the above description, it can be seen that the present invention can effectively improve the soil obstacles in tobacco fields caused by long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco, is beneficial to soil improvement and the growth of flue-cured tobacco, improves the economic benefits of tobacco leaves, helps tobacco farmers increase their income, has low costs, obvious effects, and is convenient for application.

[0091] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any form of changes that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving continuous cropping tobacco fields based on in-situ composting and application, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: 1) Continuous cropping soil sampling: Multi-point mixed sampling of the soil in the continuous cropping tobacco field, the sampling range is between the soil surface and 20cm, and the soil sampling volume is 300-400kg / mu; 2) Compost material preparation: dry the raw cow dung in a ventilated place and crush it; select barley straw or rice straw, remove the seeds and roots, cut into 3-5 cm small pieces, dry them and set aside; 3) Preparation of auxiliary materials: prepare composite microbial agents, urea and bran that can ferment raw cow dung and barley straw or rice straw; 4) Aerobic composting: Mix raw cow dung and barley straw or rice straw thoroughly, and stack them in cross layers with soil, with each layer 15-20 cm high; dissolve urea in water, mix the composite microbial agent with bran to form an agent complex, spray urea water and agent complex evenly on each layer of materials, cover the fermentation pile tightly with plastic film until the pile is fully decomposed, check and turn the pile regularly, and use a spray device to control the moisture content of the compost material between 40% and 60% until the pile is fully decomposed. The composting time is 60-70 days; 5) Deep plowing and sun drying: Before soil preparation, the tobacco field is deep plowed to the bottom of the plow. After about ten days of sun drying, the soil is crushed by rotary pulverizer. 6) Soil improvement: Before transplanting flue-cured tobacco, the fermented compost should be transported to the tobacco field where the soil was initially taken, applied to the prepared tobacco pond in a quantitative manner, and mixed thoroughly with the pond soil.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The moisture content of the raw cow dung and barley straw or rice straw after drying in step 2) is 20%-30%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite microbial agent in step 3) comprises Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma aureum, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus tubingensis and biological enzymes, and the total effective viable bacteria count in the composite microbial agent is ≥10 billion cfu / g.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4), the weight ratio of bran to composite microbial agent is 4-5:

2.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 4), the weight ratio of raw cow dung, soil, barley straw or rice straw, urea, bran and composite microbial agent used for composting is 5:3:2:0.03-0.05:0.04-0.05:0.

02.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermented and decomposed compost in step (4) should be applied during the tobacco season of the same year.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The amount of compost applied to the tobacco pond in step (6) is 800-1000 kg / mu.

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