An electrostatic probe set for measuring toroidal momentum transport in a magnetic confinement plasma

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of magnetic confinement plasma toroidal momentum transport measurement, and discloses an electrostatic probe group for measuring the toroidal momentum transport of magnetic confinement plasma, comprising a graphite shell in the coordinate system of a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein the top wall of the graphite shell is parallel to the plane, wherein r represents the radial direction, theta represents the polar direction, and phi represents the toroidal direction. A first measuring component is arranged on the top wall of the graphite shell and used for measuring the radial disturbance velocity at the geometric center of the top wall; a second measuring component is used for measuring the electron temperature and electron density at the geometric center; and a third measuring component is used for measuring the toroidal rotation velocity at the geometric center. The first measuring component, the second measuring component and the third measuring component are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center, so that the three plasmas of the toroidal turbulent momentum flux can be simultaneously measured at the same spatial position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetically confined plasma circumferential momentum transport measurement technology, and more specifically, to an electrostatic probe set for measuring the circumferential momentum transport of magnetically confined plasma. Background Technology

[0002] Future large-scale magnetic confinement fusion reactors need to operate under high-temperature, high-density, and high-energy-confinement-time conditions to achieve ignition. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have shown that plasma circumferential rotation can suppress macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and improve plasma confinement. Plasma circumferential rotation can be driven by external momentum. However, for future large-scale fusion devices, external momentum injection is insufficient to drive a sufficiently large circumferential rotation; therefore, further research is needed into the driving mechanism of spontaneous plasma circumferential rotation.

[0003] The physical quantity most directly related to circumferential spontaneous rotation is circumferential turbulent momentum flux. It can be expressed as Where <·> represents the ensemble average. The equilibrium quantity portion of a physical quantity. This represents the perturbation component of a physical quantity. To comprehensively study the circumferential turbulent flux, it is necessary to simultaneously measure the balance and perturbation quantities of electron density, circumferential rotational velocity, and radial perturbation velocity at the same spatial location.

[0004] Electrostatic probes are widely used in domestic magnetic confinement fusion devices as a diagnostic tool to study plasma circumferential momentum transport. Electrostatic probes are a mature measurement technique. Their main principle is to directly insert a conductive solid filament into the plasma. Through the interaction between the plasma and the probe surface, parameter information of the plasma in that region is obtained, including electron temperature, density, and circumferential rotation velocity. The circumferential momentum flux can be further obtained by combining parameters obtained from multiple probes. There are various measurement methods for electrostatic probes. Based on different bias conditions applied to the probe, they can be mainly divided into suspended potential probes, Mach probes, and dual probes. By combining and arranging these three types of probes, multiple plasma-related parameters can be obtained simultaneously.

[0005] For circumferential turbulent momentum flux The calculations require ensemble averaging of the perturbations of multiple physical quantities, which necessitates simultaneous measurement of all physical quantities at the same spatial location. While existing electrostatic probe arrays for circumferential momentum transport studies can simultaneously measure plasma... It is possible to measure any two quantities at the same spatial location, but it is not possible to measure all three quantities simultaneously at the same location.

[0006] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that existing electrostatic probe arrays can only simultaneously measure the circumferential turbulent momentum flux of any two of three plasmas at the same spatial location. The objective is to provide an electrostatic probe array and method for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasmas, enabling simultaneous measurement of the circumferential turbulent momentum flux of three plasmas at the same spatial location.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma includes a hollow graphite shell with an open bottom. The graphite shell is positioned within the coordinate system of a magnetically confined fusion device. Inside, one top wall of the graphite shell is parallel to The plane, where r represents the radial direction and θ represents the polar direction. The direction is indicated as circumferential. A first measuring component, a second measuring component, and a third measuring component are disposed on the top wall of the graphite shell. The first measuring component is used to measure the radial disturbance velocity at the geometric center of the top wall; the second measuring component is used to measure the electron temperature and electron density at the geometric center; and the third measuring component is used to measure the circumferential rotational velocity at the geometric center. The first, second, and third measuring components are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center.

[0010] The graphite shell has a cuboid structure, and each side wall of the graphite shell has multiple through holes. These through holes are used to fix the graphite shell inside the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0011] The first measuring component includes two first levitation probe sockets and two first levitation probes. The two first levitation probe sockets are arranged at intervals and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the geometric center along a straight line passing through the polar direction. One first levitation probe corresponds to one first levitation probe socket; one end of the first levitation probe is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell through the corresponding first levitation probe socket and connected to an external circuit through a wire, while the other end of the first levitation probe is located outside the graphite shell.

[0012] The second measurement component includes two pairs of dual-probe sockets, two pairs of dual probes, and a first measurement component. The two pairs of dual-probe sockets are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center. Each pair of dual-probe sockets includes a first probe socket and a second probe socket; the first probe socket and the second probe socket are located on opposite sides of the first measurement component in the circumferential direction and are equidistant from the first measurement component. The first probe socket, the second probe socket, and the first levitation probe socket located on the same side of the geometric center are arranged at equal intervals in the polar direction. Each pair of dual probes includes two graphite probes, one end of which is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell through the first probe socket and connected to an external circuit via a wire, while the other end is located outside the graphite shell; the other graphite probe has one end inserted into the interior of the graphite shell through the second probe socket and connected to an external circuit via a wire, while the other end is located outside the graphite shell. In addition, in each pair of dual probes, one graphite probe is connected to a positive bias voltage, and the other graphite probe is connected to a negative bias voltage.

[0013] The third measurement component includes two Mach probe sockets, an upstream saturated ion current measurement probe, a downstream saturated ion current measurement probe, a first shield, a second shield, and a second measurement component. The two Mach probe sockets are spaced apart and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the geometric center along a straight line passing through it circumferentially. Each of the upstream and downstream saturated ion current measurement probes corresponds to one Mach probe socket. One end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell through its corresponding Mach probe socket and connected to an external circuit via a wire; the other end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe is located outside the graphite shell. Similarly, one end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell through its corresponding Mach probe socket and connected to an external circuit via a wire; the other end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe is located outside the graphite shell. The first and second shields are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the top wall, and both include an opening on one side. One end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe located outside the graphite shell is surrounded by a first shielding member, and the other end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe located outside the graphite shell is surrounded by a second shielding member; the opening of the first shielding member faces the circumferential direction, and the opening of the second shielding member faces away from the circumferential direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned electrostatic probe assembly also includes two second floating probe sockets and two second floating probes. The two second floating probe sockets are arranged at intervals and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first measuring component along a straight line passing through the geometric center along the polar direction. One second floating probe corresponds to one second floating probe socket; one end of the second floating probe is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell through the corresponding second floating probe socket and connected to an external circuit via a wire, while the other end of the second floating probe is located outside the graphite shell. The second floating probe socket, the first probe socket, the second probe socket, and the first floating probe socket located on the same side of the geometric center are arranged at equal intervals along the polar direction. The first floating probe, the second floating probe, and a pair of dual probes located on the same side of the geometric center form a four-probe group.

[0015] The first and second shielding components are both graphite protrusions, identical in shape and size. Each protrusion comprises a left arm, a right arm, and a horizontal arm. The left arm, right arm, and horizontal arm are of the same size, with the two ends of the horizontal arm connected to one end of the left arm and one end of the right arm, respectively. The left arm, right arm, and horizontal arm together form a structure with an opening on one side.

[0016] Furthermore, all probes have the same length extending beyond the graphite shell; all probes are cylindrical graphite probes; and all probes have the same length and diameter. Additionally, the height of the protrusion is equal to the length of the protruding ends of all probes from the graphite shell.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art which can only measure two plasmas at the same spatial location simultaneously, the present invention unifies the first measurement component, the second measurement component, and the third measurement component into a single unit parallel to the... On the top wall of a planar graphite shell; wherein, the first measuring component can measure the radial disturbance velocity at the geometric center of the top wall; the second measuring component nested within the first measuring component can measure the electron temperature and electron velocity at the geometric center of the top wall; the third measuring component nested within the second measuring component can measure the circumferential rotational velocity at the geometric center; and all three measuring components are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center of the top wall of the graphite shell. By combining the three measuring components, the balance and disturbance quantities of the three plasmas required for the circumferential turbulent momentum flux can be measured simultaneously at the same spatial location (the geometric center of the top wall of the graphite shell). Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0021] 1-Graphite shell, 11-First levitation probe socket, 12-First levitation probe, 13-Second levitation probe socket, 14-Second levitation probe, 21-First probe socket, 22-Second probe socket, 23-Graphite probe, 31-Mach probe socket, 32-Upstream saturated ion current measurement probe, 33-Downstream saturated ion current measurement probe, 34-First shielding component, 35-Second shielding component. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Example

[0024] To achieve simultaneous measurement of circumferential turbulent momentum flux in three plasmas at the same spatial location, this embodiment provides, as follows: Figure 1 The electrostatic probe assembly shown is for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma. It includes a rectangular graphite shell 1, which is a hollow structure with an open bottom formed by hollowing out the middle portion of a rectangular graphite block from the bottom. The graphite shell 1 is placed in the coordinate system of a magnetically confined fusion device. Inside, and the top wall of the graphite shell 1 is parallel to In a plane, r represents the radial direction and θ represents the polar direction. The graphite shell 1 is 30mm long and 18mm wide at the top. Furthermore, each of the four side walls of the graphite shell 1 has two circular through holes, allowing it to be fixedly installed inside the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0025] A first measuring component, a second measuring component, and a third measuring component are disposed on the top wall of the graphite shell 1, and the first measuring component, the second measuring component, and the third measuring component are symmetrically distributed around the geometric center A of the top wall of the graphite shell 1. The structure of the second measuring component includes the structure of the first measuring component, and the structure of the third measuring component includes the structure of the second measuring component. By uniformly setting the three measuring components on the top wall of the graphite shell 1, and with the structures of the three measuring components nested layer by layer, the radial disturbance velocity, circumferential rotation velocity, electron temperature, and electron density at the geometric center A of the top wall of the graphite shell 1 can be measured simultaneously.

[0026] The first measuring component consists of two first suspension probe 12 insertion holes 11 and first suspension probe 12, each with an opening diameter of 3mm. For example... Figure 1 As shown, two first levitation probe 12 insertion holes 11 are arranged at intervals and symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the geometric center A along a straight line passing through the geometric center A of the graphite shell 1 along the polar direction. The distance between the two first levitation probe 12 insertion holes 11 is 8 mm. One end of the first levitation probe 12 located on the left side of the geometric center A is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell 1 through the corresponding first levitation probe 12 insertion hole 11 and connected to the external circuit through a wire, while the other end remains outside the graphite shell 1. Similarly, one end of the first levitation probe 12 located on the right side of the geometric center A is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell 1 through the corresponding first levitation probe 12 insertion hole 11 and connected to the external circuit through a wire, while the other end remains outside the graphite shell 1.

[0027] The second measurement component includes two pairs of dual-probe sockets, two pairs of dual probes, and the aforementioned first measurement component. The two pairs of dual-probe sockets are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center A. Each pair of dual-probe sockets includes a first probe socket 21 and a second probe socket 22. The first probe socket 21 and the second probe socket 22 are located on opposite sides of the first measurement component in the circumferential direction and are equidistant from the first measurement component. Furthermore, the first probe socket 21, the second probe socket 22, and the first suspended probe socket 11 located on the same side of the geometric center A are arranged at equal intervals in the polar direction. In this embodiment, the polar distance between the first probe socket 21, the second probe socket 22, and the first suspended probe socket 11 located on the same side of the geometric center A is 2 mm. In addition, each pair of dual probes includes two graphite probes 23; one end of one graphite probe 23 is inserted into the interior of the graphite housing 1 through the first probe socket 21 and connected to the external circuit through a wire, while the other end is located outside the graphite housing 1; one end of the other graphite probe 23 is inserted into the interior of the graphite housing 1 through the second probe socket 22 and connected to the external circuit through a wire, while the other end is located outside the graphite housing 1.

[0028] In addition, two second suspension probe 14 insertion holes 13 and two second suspension probes 14 are provided on the top of the graphite housing 1. The two second suspension probe 14 insertion holes 13 are arranged at intervals and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first measuring component along a straight line passing through the geometric center A along the polar direction. Similarly, one second suspension probe 14 corresponds to one second suspension probe 14 insertion hole 13; one end of the second suspension probe 14 is inserted into the interior of the graphite housing 1 through the corresponding second suspension probe 14 insertion hole 13 and connected to the external circuit through a wire, while the other end of the second suspension probe 14 is located outside the graphite housing 1.

[0029] The second levitation probe 14 socket 13, the first probe socket 21, the second probe socket 22, and the first levitation probe 12 socket 11, located on the same side of geometric center A, are arranged at equal intervals in the polar direction, with a spacing of 2 mm between adjacent probe sockets. The first levitation probe 12, the second levitation probe 14, and a pair of dual probes on the same side of geometric center A form a four-probe group. In each four-probe group, the straight-line distance between the first probe socket 21 and the second levitation probe 14 socket 13 is 4.5 mm, and the straight-line distance between the second probe socket 22 and the first levitation probe 12 socket 11 is 4.5 mm.

[0030] The third measurement component includes two Mach probe sockets 31, an upstream saturated ion current measurement probe 32, a downstream saturated ion current measurement probe 33, a first shield 34, a second shield 35, and a second measurement component.

[0031] Two Mach probe sockets 31 are arranged at intervals and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the geometric center A along a straight line passing through the geometric center A in the circumferential direction, with each socket 5 mm away from the geometric center A. An upstream saturated ion current measurement probe 32 and a downstream saturated ion current measurement probe 33 each correspond to one Mach probe socket 31. One end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe 32 is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell 1 through its corresponding Mach probe socket 31 and connected to an external circuit via a wire; the other end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe 32 is located outside the graphite shell 1. Similarly, one end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe 33 is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell 1 through its corresponding Mach probe socket 31 and connected to an external circuit via a wire; the other end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe 33 is located outside the graphite shell 1.

[0032] The first shielding member 34 and the second shielding member 35 are fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the top wall. Both the first shielding member 34 and the second shielding member 35 include an opening on one side, and the end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe 32 located outside the graphite shell 1 is surrounded within the first shielding member 34, and the end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe 33 located outside the graphite shell 1 is surrounded within the second shielding member 35. The opening of the first shielding member 34 faces the circumferential direction, and the opening of the second shielding member 35 faces away from the circumferential direction.

[0033] The first and second blocking members 34 and 35 mentioned above are both protrusions made of graphite, and the two blocking members are identical in shape and size. Specifically, the protrusion includes a left arm, a right arm, and a horizontal arm. The two ends of the horizontal arm are connected to one end of the left arm and one end of the right arm, respectively, and the three together form a shape like... Figure 1 A U-shaped structure with an opening on one side. The three sides of the U-shaped structure are all 3mm long, 1mm thick, and 2mm high.

[0034] It should be further noted that the length of the protruding ends of all probes from the graphite shell 1 is equal; all probes are cylindrical graphite probes 23 with a diameter of 2 mm.

[0035] Based on the above structure, an electrostatic probe group for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma can simultaneously measure the density n and circumferential rotation speed at the geometric center A by applying a positive bias to one graphite probe 23 near the upstream saturated ion current measuring probe 32 of each pair of dual probes and a negative bias to one graphite probe 23 near the downstream saturated ion current measuring probe 33 of each pair of dual probes. Radial disturbance velocity v r 1. The radial velocity at the geometric center A can be measured using two first suspended probes 12; 2. The electron density and electron temperature at the geometric center A can be measured using two pairs of double probes on both sides of the geometric center A and two first suspended probes 12; 3. The circumferential rotational velocity at the geometric center A can be obtained by using two Mach probes in conjunction with the second measuring component.

[0036] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma, characterized in that, Includes a hollow graphite shell (1) with an open bottom, the graphite shell (1) being located in the coordinate system of the magnetic confinement fusion device. Inside, one top wall of the graphite shell (1) is parallel to Plane, where, Indicates radial direction, Indicates polar direction. Indicates circumferential direction; the top wall is provided with A first measuring component is used to measure the radial disturbance velocity at the geometric center of the top wall; The second measuring component is used to measure the electron temperature and electron density at the geometric center; The third measuring component is used to measure the circumferential rotational speed at the geometric center; The first measuring component, the second measuring component, and the third measuring component are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center; The first measuring component includes two first floating probe sockets (11) and two first floating probes (12); the two first floating probe sockets (11) are arranged at intervals along a straight line passing through the geometric center along the polar direction and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the geometric center; The second measurement component includes two pairs of dual-probe sockets, two pairs of dual probes, and the first measurement component; the two pairs of dual-probe sockets are centrally symmetrically distributed around the geometric center; The third measurement component includes two Mach probe sockets (31), an upstream saturated ion current measurement probe (32), a downstream saturated ion current measurement probe (33), a first shield (34), a second shield (35), and the second measurement component; the two Mach probe sockets (31) are spaced apart and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the geometric center along a straight line passing through the circumferential direction; The electrostatic probe group further includes: two second floating probe sockets (13) and two second floating probes (14); the two second floating probe sockets (13) are arranged at intervals and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first measuring component along a straight line passing through the geometric center along the polar direction.

2. The electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, One first suspension probe (12) corresponds to one first suspension probe socket (11); one end of the first suspension probe (12) is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell (1) through the corresponding first suspension probe socket (11) and connected to the external circuit through a wire, and the other end of the first suspension probe (12) is located outside the graphite shell (1).

3. The electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each pair of dual probe sockets includes a first probe socket (21) and a second probe socket (22); the first probe socket (21) and the second probe socket (22) are located on both sides of the first measuring component in the circumferential direction and are equidistant from the first measuring component; the first probe socket (21), the second probe socket (22) and the first floating probe socket (11) located on the same side of the geometric center are arranged at equal intervals in the polar direction; Each pair of dual probes includes two graphite probes (23); one end of one graphite probe (23) is inserted into the interior of the graphite housing (1) through the first probe socket (21) and connected to the external circuit through a wire, and the other end is located outside the graphite housing (1); one end of the other graphite probe (23) is inserted into the interior of the graphite housing (1) through the second probe socket (22) and connected to the external circuit through a wire, and the other end is located outside the graphite housing (1).

4. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 3, characterized in that, In each pair of dual probes, one graphite probe (23) is connected to a positive bias voltage, and the other graphite probe (23) is connected to a negative bias voltage.

5. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upstream saturated ion current measurement probe (32) and the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe (33) each correspond to a Mach probe socket (31); one end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe (32) is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell (1) through the corresponding Mach probe socket (31) and connected to the external circuit through a wire, and the other end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe (32) is located outside the graphite shell (1); one end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe (33) is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell (1) through the corresponding Mach probe socket (31) and connected to the external circuit through a wire, and the other end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe (33) is located outside the graphite shell (1); The first shielding member (34) and the second shielding member (35) are fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the top wall; both the first shielding member (34) and the second shielding member (35) include an opening on one side; the end of the upstream saturated ion current measurement probe (32) located outside the graphite shell (1) is surrounded in the first shielding member (34), and the end of the downstream saturated ion current measurement probe (33) located outside the graphite shell (1) is surrounded in the second shielding member (35); the opening of the first shielding member (34) faces the circumferential direction, and the opening of the second shielding member (35) faces away from the circumferential direction.

6. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second floating probe (14) corresponds to a second floating probe socket (13); one end of the second floating probe (14) is inserted into the interior of the graphite shell (1) through the corresponding second floating probe socket (13) and connected to the external circuit through a wire, and the other end of the second floating probe (14) is located outside the graphite shell (1); the second floating probe socket (13), the first probe socket (21), the second probe socket (22) and the first floating probe socket (11) located on the same side of the geometric center are arranged at equal intervals in the polar direction; the first floating probe (12), the second floating probe (14) and a pair of double probes located on the same side of the geometric center form a set of four probes.

7. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 6, characterized in that, All probes have the same length extending from the graphite shell (1); all probes are cylindrical graphite probes; all probes have the same length and diameter.

8. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The first shielding member (34) and the second shielding member (35) are both graphite protrusions, and the two shielding members have the same shape and size. The protrusion includes a left arm, a right arm and a horizontal arm. The two ends of the horizontal arm are respectively connected to one end of the left arm and one end of the right arm. The left arm, the right arm and the horizontal arm form a structure with an opening on one side.

9. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to claim 8, characterized in that, The height of the protrusion is equal to the length of the end of all probes extending out of the graphite shell (1), and the left arm, the right arm, and the cross arm are the same size.

10. An electrostatic probe assembly for measuring circumferential momentum transport in magnetically confined plasma according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The graphite shell (1) has a cuboid structure, and each side wall of the graphite shell (1) is provided with multiple through holes; the through holes are used to fix the graphite shell (1) inside the magnetic confinement fusion device.

Images