A fracturing operation remote monitoring and early warning method and system

Abstract

The application provides a fracturing operation remote monitoring and early warning method and system, real-time collection of data of a fracturing operation site, real-time fracturing data, two-dimensional visualization of the flow of a prepad fluid, a sand-carrying fluid and a displacement fluid in a wellbore with pump injection time according to the real-time fracturing data, early warning according to the flow, real-time monitoring and technical support system of fracturing data, one expert can be responsible for fracturing operations of multiple wells at the same time at a display end, multiple experts can work together and make decisions, the experience of multiple experts can be integrated, and the efficiency of fracturing operation decision-making is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas, and in particular to a method and system for remote monitoring and early warning of fracturing operations. Background Technology

[0002] Real-time monitoring and presentation of fracturing operation data are crucial for optimizing real-time decision-making in the command center and improving the operation effect. However, as oilfield exploration and development deepens, the workload of oil well fracturing operations is gradually increasing, and the demand for on-site fracturing command personnel is constantly increasing. At the same time, as the exploration and development field continues to expand to remote areas, the difficulty of on-site command is constantly increasing due to factors such as site distance, working environment and transportation. These factors restrict the fracturing effect, especially the further improvement of the fracturing development process in remote areas.

[0003] To address the above issues, in order to improve the quality of oilfield operations, accelerate the progress of operations in remote oilfield areas, enhance the emergency response capabilities at the construction site, and fully leverage the command and decision-making role of technical experts at the rear, there is an urgent need for a command system that can achieve real-time data collection and rapid remote transmission of on-site construction data, and enable the rear command center to implement, present, and remotely analyze and make decisions. This system should transcend time and space distances and enable real-time connection and interaction between technical experts, data resources, and on-site construction through remote monitoring and command. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method and system for remote monitoring and early warning of fracturing operations that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for remote monitoring and early warning of fracturing operations is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] Real-time data collection at the fracturing operation site to obtain real-time fracturing data;

[0007] Based on the real-time fracturing data, a two-dimensional visualization is used to display the flow of pre-flush fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid in the wellbore as the pumping time progresses.

[0008] Warnings are issued based on the described flow conditions.

[0009] Optionally, the real-time acquisition of data from the fracturing operation site to obtain real-time fracturing data specifically includes:

[0010] Obtain the electrical interface, on-board data acquisition system type and version of the instrument vehicle used for on-site fracturing operations;

[0011] Configure the data acquisition port number, protocol, data bits, network address, and node name;

[0012] Based on the data returned from the acquisition terminal, the decision segment displays data including the current well number, planned construction date, construction time, layer number, oil pressure, casing pressure, sand concentration, and displacement, and plots the construction curve; it also displays the current status of the fracturing well, including whether it is under construction or suspended.

[0013] Optionally, the step of performing two-dimensional visualization and real-time display of the flow of pre-fracturing fluid, proppant-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid in the wellbore as the pumping time progresses based on the real-time fracturing data specifically includes:

[0014] Acquire well inclination data and draw the wellbore trajectory based on the well inclination data;

[0015] Determine the liquid inside the tubing based on the stage name and stage sand concentration;

[0016] Determine the relationship between the tubing depth and the lower limit of the perforation, and then calculate the total volume of liquid that can be stored in the tubing string using the following formula:

[0017] Tubing depth = lower limit of perforation

[0018]

[0019] lower depth of tubing < lower limit of perforation

[0020]

[0021] Where R 外径 R is the outer diameter of the tubing. 壁厚 Where is the pipe wall thickness, h is the depth measured, and V is the depth measured. 管柱 h is the total volume of liquid that can be stored in the oil pipe. 油 For the depth of the oil pipe, h 射 For the depth of the perforation, V 地 Add volume to the ground;

[0022] The type of liquid is determined based on the real-time sand concentration returned by the acquisition terminal.

[0023] Based on the amount of liquid entering the ground and V 管柱 Plot the proportion of different liquids within the wellbore using ratios;

[0024] The flow curves within the wellbore are plotted based on the proportion of flow within the wellbore and the pumping time.

[0025] Optionally, issuing an early warning based on the flow situation specifically includes:

[0026] Take the logarithms of both the wellhead pressure and the fracturing time;

[0027] Plot a double logarithmic curve of net pressure and time using the logarithm of oil pressure lgP as the ordinate and the logarithm of time lgt as the abscissa.

[0028] According to the formula Calculate the slope of the double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at a specified time step in real time; where K is the slope, log P t+f The curve is a double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at time t+f, log P t Let f be the double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at time t, where f is the time step.

[0029] Set the warning slope K', calculate the difference between K and K', and confirm the type of accident for which a warning is issued.

[0030] The present invention also provides a remote monitoring and early warning system for fracturing operations, the system comprising:

[0031] The data management module is used for the storage and management of real-time and historical data.

[0032] The real-time data display module is used for functions such as real-time display of single-well fracturing construction data and comparison with historical data.

[0033] The pumping program module is used to simulate the flow of pre-filled fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid in the wellbore over time.

[0034] The curve early warning module is used to achieve real-time early warning of fracturing based on the slope analysis of the double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure and time, and to issue early warning information when a downhole accident is predicted.

[0035] This invention provides a remote monitoring and early warning method and system for fracturing operations. It collects real-time data from the fracturing operation site to obtain real-time fracturing data; based on this real-time fracturing data, it performs two-dimensional visualization to display the flow of pre-fracturing fluid, proppant-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid within the wellbore over time; and issues early warnings based on the flow patterns. This invention's real-time fracturing data monitoring and technical support system allows one expert to simultaneously manage fracturing operations in multiple wells, or allows multiple experts to work together and make joint decisions, integrating the experience of multiple experts to improve the efficiency of fracturing operation decision-making.

[0036] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a remote monitoring and early warning method for fracturing operations provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flow within the wellbore as pumping time varies according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a double logarithmic curve early warning system for oil pressure-time provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first layer of the Ying XX well provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second layer of the Ying XX well provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0044] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, embodiments, claims, and drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such as including a series of steps or units.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps of this invention are as follows:

[0047] Step 1. Real-time data acquisition

[0048] Step 1.1: Configure the acquisition port number, protocol, data bits, network address, and node name according to the electrical interface of the instrument vehicle for on-site fracturing operations, the type and version of the on-board acquisition system.

[0049] Step 1.2: Based on the data returned from the acquisition terminal, the decision segment displays data including the current well number, planned construction date, construction time, layer number, oil pressure, casing pressure, sand concentration, and displacement, and plots the construction curve. It also displays the current status of the fracturing well, such as whether construction is in progress or suspended.

[0050] Step 2. Pumping program simulation: Real-time sand concentration and influent volume data returned by the acquisition terminal are used to perform two-dimensional visualization to show the flow of pre-filled fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid in the wellbore over time.

[0051] Step 2.1 Draw the wellbore trajectory using well inclination data;

[0052] Step 2.2 Determine the liquid in the tubing by setting the stage name and stage sand concentration;

[0053] Step 2.3 First, determine the relationship between the tubing depth and the lower boundary of the perforation, then calculate the total volume of liquid that can be stored in the tubing string using the following formula:

[0054] ①The depth of the tubing is equal to the lower limit of the perforation.

[0055]

[0056] ②The depth of the tubing is less than the lower boundary of the perforation.

[0057]

[0058] Where R 外径 R is the outer diameter of the tubing. 壁厚 Where is the pipe wall thickness, h is the depth measured, and V is the depth measured. 管柱 h is the total volume of liquid that can be stored in the oil pipe. 油 For the depth of the oil pipe, h 射 For the depth of the perforation, V 地 Add volume to the ground.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, step 2.4 determines the liquid type by collecting the real-time sand concentration returned by the acquisition terminal; and determines the type of liquid by comparing the amount of liquid entering the ground with V. 管柱 The proportions of different liquids in the wellbore are plotted using ratios, and the flow within the wellbore is plotted based on the pumping time.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, step 3. Curve warning.

[0061] Step 3.1 Take the logarithms of the wellhead pressure and fracturing time respectively. Plot a double logarithmic curve of net pressure and time with the logarithm of oil pressure lgP as the ordinate and the logarithm of time lgt as the abscissa.

[0062] Step 3.2 According to the formula Calculate the slope of the double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at a specified time step in real time; where K is the slope, log P t+f The curve is a double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at time t+f, where logP t Let f be the logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at time t, where f is the time step.

[0063] Step 3.3 Set the warning slope K', and confirm the accident type of the warning by calculating the difference between K and K'.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, during the first stage of fracturing in well XX, an alarm was triggered at 56 minutes, at which point the sand ratio was 23%, and the designed sand addition had not yet been completed. As the oil pressure increased, the slope of the oil pressure-time curve began to exceed 1. The fracturing experts remotely directed the on-site personnel to stop sand addition and implement an early replacement plan. However, sand blockage subsequently occurred in the well, with a shortfall of 7.5 meters between the planned and actual replacement volume. 3 .

[0065] Analysis suggests that the formation is quite sensitive to sand addition. After a 10% sand ratio enters the formation, the pressure continues to rise, and the upward trend becomes even more pronounced when a 20% sand ratio enters the formation. When a warning is issued, sand addition is stopped, and the replacement volume is not completed. The fracturing experts decide to lower the warning point and implement early warning to ensure the success of the second stage of fracturing in the well.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, during the second-stage fracturing process of well XX, an alarm was triggered at 125 minutes. At this time, the sand ratio was 32%, and the designed sand addition amount had not yet been completed. As the oil pressure continued to rise, the slope of the oil pressure-time curve continued to increase. When the predetermined alarm point was reached, sand addition was decisively stopped and replacement began. The subsequent construction was successfully completed, avoiding the occurrence of "sand blockage".

[0067] Beneficial effects:

[0068] (1) The fracturing data real-time monitoring and technical support system of the present invention has a wide range of applications and can collect data from fracturing instrument vehicles of different models and different fracturing construction teams.

[0069] (2) The fracturing data real-time monitoring and technical support system of the present invention allows one expert to be responsible for the fracturing construction of multiple wells at the same time, or to bring together multiple experts to work together and make decisions together, and to integrate the experience of multiple experts to improve the efficiency of fracturing construction decision-making.

[0070] (3) The fracturing data real-time monitoring and technical support system of the present invention can centrally display various parameters in the construction process and the changing trend of the entire construction process. It can also process and analyze data such as fracturing sand plugging risk, and assist professionals in making decisions.

[0071] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for remote monitoring and early warning during fracturing operations, characterized in that, The method includes: Real-time data collection at the fracturing operation site to obtain real-time fracturing data; The real-time fracturing data is used to demonstrate the flow of pre-flush fluid, proppant-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid within the wellbore over time, including: Acquire well inclination data and draw the wellbore trajectory based on the well inclination data; Determine the liquid inside the tubing based on the stage name and stage sand concentration; Determine the relationship between the tubing depth and the lower limit of the perforation, and then calculate the total volume of liquid that can be stored in the tubing string using the following formula: Tubing depth = lower limit of perforation lower depth of tubing < lower limit of perforation in The outer diameter of the tubular column, Where h is the pipe wall thickness and h is the depth measured. This refers to the total volume of liquid that can be stored in the oil pipe. For deeper oil pipes, For the depth of the perforation, Add volume to the ground; The type of liquid is determined based on the real-time sand concentration returned by the acquisition terminal. Based on the amount of liquid entering the ground and Plot the proportion of different liquids within the wellbore using ratios; Based on the proportion of flow inside the wellbore and the pumping time, a flow curve inside the wellbore was plotted. Take the logarithms of both the wellhead pressure and the fracturing time; Plot a double logarithmic curve of net pressure and time using the logarithm of oil pressure lgP as the ordinate and the logarithm of time lgt as the abscissa. Real-time calculation of the slope K of the double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure versus time at a specified time step; Set the warning slope K', calculate the difference between K and K', and confirm the type of accident for which a warning is issued.

2. The method for remote monitoring and early warning of fracturing operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time acquisition of data from the fracturing operation site specifically includes: Obtain the electrical interface, on-board data acquisition system type and version of the instrument vehicle used for on-site fracturing operations; Configure the data acquisition port number, protocol, data bits, network address, and node name; Based on the data returned by the acquisition terminal, the decision terminal displays data including the current well number, planned construction date, construction time, layer number, oil pressure, casing pressure, sand concentration, and displacement, and plots the construction curve; at the same time, it displays the current status of the fracturing well, including whether it is under construction or under suspension.

3. A remote monitoring and early warning system for fracturing operations, employing the remote monitoring and early warning method for fracturing operations as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The system includes: The data management module is used for the storage and management of real-time and historical data. The real-time data display module is used for real-time display of single-well fracturing construction data and comparison with historical data. The pumping program module is used to simulate the flow of pre-flush fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and displacement fluid in the wellbore over time. The curve early warning module is used to achieve real-time early warning of fracturing based on the slope analysis of the double logarithmic curve of wellhead pressure and time, and to issue early warning information when a downhole accident is predicted.

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