A Multi-Target Communication Jamming Method Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-target communication jamming method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), belonging to the field of communication countermeasures technology. The UAV carries both detection and jamming equipment for aerial cruising. During the cruising phase, the detection equipment is activated to detect and store the coordinates of jamming targets within the space. After detection, nonlinear optimization is used to solve for the optimal jamming coordinates and attitude for communication interference. The UAV is then hovered at the optimal jamming coordinates, and the jamming equipment is activated. The pitch angle of the jamming signal is set to the optimal jamming attitude to achieve communication jamming against as many targets as possible. Combining the jamming equipment with the UAV improves the maneuverability of the jamming equipment. Introducing a nonlinear optimization algorithm to optimize and solve for the optimal jamming coordinates and attitude improves the coverage of the jamming signal on target devices, thus jamming as many target devices as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of communication countermeasures technology and is mainly applied to electronic jamming in electronic warfare. More specifically, it relates to a multi-target communication jamming method based on unmanned aerial vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic countermeasures (ECM), also known as electronic warfare, is defined as military operations that use electromagnetic energy to identify, deprive, weaken, or prevent radar from using the electromagnetic spectrum. Electronic warfare consists of two main parts: Electronic Support Measures (ESM) and Electronic Counter Measures (ECM).

[0003] In modern warfare, electronic warfare has become an important component. Electronic warfare can disrupt the enemy's wireless communication and wireless detection equipment by controlling the electromagnetic spectrum, thereby dismantling the enemy's communication capabilities and achieving tactical results.

[0004] Generally, after detecting enemy military units, electronic jamming of their communications is necessary. This jamming typically involves emitting high-power electromagnetic interference signals to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of enemy communication equipment, thereby disrupting their communications. In complex battlefield environments, limited by the number of devices and their jamming range, it is often necessary to use a single jamming device to interfere with as many targets as possible. However, in actual battlefield applications, directly using ground-based jamming equipment can result in limited jamming range, poor jamming effect, and signal obstruction due to ground undulations. Since the spatial position and attitude of the jamming equipment significantly affect its jamming effectiveness, the equipment needs to have good mobility. Furthermore, calculating and optimizing the optimal jamming coordinates and attitude of the jamming equipment can greatly improve its jamming effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention proposes a multi-target communication jamming method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Combining jamming equipment with UAVs can enhance the maneuverability of the jamming equipment. Introducing a nonlinear optimization algorithm to optimize and calculate the optimal jamming coordinates and optimal jamming attitude can improve the coverage effect of the jamming signal on the target equipment, thereby jamming as many target equipment as possible.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a multi-target communication jamming method based on unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising:

[0007] The flight controller controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to take off and cruise with detection and jamming equipment. During the cruise phase, the detection equipment is turned on to detect jamming targets in the space and store the coordinates of the jamming targets.

[0008] After completing the detection, the airborne computer uses a nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve for the coordinates of the jamming target to obtain the optimal jamming coordinates and optimal jamming attitude for communication jamming.

[0009] After solving the problem, the flight controller hovers the UAV at the optimal interference coordinates and turns on the interference equipment. The pitch angle of the interference signal of the interference equipment is set to the optimal interference attitude to achieve communication interference against as many targets as possible.

[0010] In some optional implementations, the optimal interference coordinates and optimal interference posture for communication interference are obtained by solving the coordinates of the interference target using a nonlinear optimization algorithm, including:

[0011] Starting with an interference scenario involving a target, if the target is successfully interfered with, the distance between the interference device and the target needs to be less than a preset threshold. Assuming the preset threshold is R, the range within which the interference device can interfere with the target is the space within a sphere with the target as the center and R as the radius.

[0012] If there are multiple interfering targets in space, the space that each of these interfering targets is interfered with is the space within a sphere centered on each interfering target. The intersection of all the spaces within the sphere is taken as the optimal interference coordinate set of the interfering device. Solving for the optimal interference coordinate set is transformed into solving a system of ternary inequalities. Angle constraints are added to the system of ternary inequalities.

[0013] The spatial grid method is used to solve the system of ternary inequalities. If the solution to the system of ternary inequalities does not exist, a trial-and-error method is used to discard individual ground stations so that the system of ternary inequalities has a solution.

[0014] In some alternative implementations, the angle constraint requires that the angle between the jamming device and any two jamming targets be less than the maximum beam angle of the jamming electromagnetic wave.

[0015] In some alternative implementations, during the cruise phase, the detection equipment is activated to detect interfering targets present in the space, including:

[0016] Each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to interfere with at least one target. First, the UAV determines the target to be interfered with. At the same time, interfering with multiple targets requires meeting two constraints: (1) the targets have similar frequencies with a range within 2MHz; (2) the targets are located in similar positions and are all within the interference range of the UAV.

[0017] In some alternative implementations, the radio frequency allocation problem is abstracted as follows: given an arbitrary array and N intervals of preset length, the goal is to maximize the number of numbers in the array that can be accommodated in these N intervals. The following recursive approach is used to address this problem:

[0018] Step 1: Select the target set with similar frequencies and the largest number;

[0019] Step 2: Determine whether the selected target set has coordinates that satisfy the condition of being disturbed at the same time based on the constraints. The brute-force mesh method is used to determine whether the coordinates exist.

[0020] Step 3: If no coordinates exist to satisfy the condition that the target set is disturbed at the same time, delete the target that is farthest from other targets in terms of location, go to Step 2, and continue until coordinates that satisfy the condition exist, then proceed to Step 4;

[0021] Step 4: Output the coordinates and frequency bands that meet the conditions, remove the set of targets that were judged to meet the conditions of being interfered with in the above steps from all targets, and go to Step 1;

[0022] Repeating the above process N times completes the allocation of interference targets for N unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0023] In some alternative implementations, the main power is drawn from the UAV's power battery, which directly powers the motor speed controller and brushless DC motor. The power battery power is stepped down to 12V after passing through a first-stage DC-DC converter to power the onboard computer. The 12V power is then stepped down to 5V by an LDO to power the flight controller. The power battery power is stepped down to 36V after passing through a first-stage DC-DC converter to power the detection and jamming equipment.

[0024] In some alternative implementations, the control signals of the unmanned aerial vehicle are output from the flight controller, isolated by a high-speed optocoupler, and then output to the motor speed controller.

[0025] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention utilizes an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with jamming equipment to transmit jamming electromagnetic waves in the air, thereby interfering with the communication of target devices. This method effectively reduces the interference signal's susceptibility to terrain interference. Furthermore, when facing multiple targets, it is often necessary to optimize the jamming posture to interfere with as many devices as possible, maximizing the jamming efficiency and effectiveness. This invention proposes a solution for optimizing the jamming posture. Through the aforementioned methods, the operational effectiveness and range of electromagnetic communication jamming equipment can be effectively improved, while reducing the equipment costs for maintaining electromagnetic suppression on the battlefield. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an interference space provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation of a multi-target communication jamming method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a system circuit block diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a diagram of an LDO voltage regulator circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a parameter diagram of a DC-DC converter element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a high-speed optocoupler provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of pose calculation provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the combination of jamming equipment and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is as follows: An UAV carrying both detection and jamming equipment is launched and cruises. During the cruise phase, the detection equipment is activated to detect jamming targets in the space and stores their coordinates in a computer system. After detection, a nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to solve for the optimal jamming coordinates and optimal jamming attitude that can achieve communication jamming against as many jamming targets as possible. After solving, the UAV is hovered at the optimal jamming coordinates and the jamming equipment is activated. The pitch angle of the jamming signal of the jamming equipment is set to the optimal jamming attitude, thereby achieving communication jamming against as many jamming targets as possible.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the solution and optimization scheme for the optimal interference coordinates and the optimal interference posture are designed according to the following idea: First, consider the interference scenario of an interference target. If the target is successfully interfered with, it means that the distance between the interference device (i.e., the interference source) and the interference target needs to be less than a preset threshold. Assuming that the preset threshold is R, the range in which the interference device can interfere with the interference target is the space within a sphere with the interference target as the center and R as the radius. Theoretically, if the interference device can effectively interfere with the interference target within this range, it can effectively interfere with the interference target.

[0037] If there are multiple interfering targets in space, the space affected by each of these interfering targets is the space within a sphere centered on each interfering target. The intersection of these spaces within the sphere is the optimal set of interfering coordinates of the interfering source. Theoretically, if the interfering source is within this region, it can effectively interfere with these interfering targets. The problem then becomes a problem of solving a system of ternary inequalities.

[0038] Meanwhile, since the jamming signal emitted by the jamming device is directional, it is necessary to add an angle constraint to this set of ternary inequalities. That is, the angle formed between the coordinates of the jamming device and any two jamming targets must be smaller than the maximum beam angle of the jamming signal emitted by the UAV.

[0039] Since the above inequality is not a linear constraint, the spatial grid method is used to solve it. If the solution to the above inequality does not exist, a trial-and-error method can be used to discard individual ground stations so that the inequality has a solution.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, each small square represents a jamming target. The interior of the gray transparent hemisphere is a set of spaces that can jam a single jamming target, while the central space is the range that can simultaneously jam three jamming targets. By listing the system of inequalities corresponding to the coordinates within the three gray transparent hemispheres and solving this system, the coordinate range of the central intersecting region can be obtained, which is the range of spaces that can simultaneously jam three jamming targets.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the implementation of the multi-target communication jamming method based on unmanned aerial vehicles of the present invention is as follows: it includes hardware implementation and software implementation.

[0042] The hardware consists of four parts: the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the flight controller, detection equipment, and jamming equipment. The UAV serves as a carrier, carrying the detection and jamming equipment for movement and hovering in space. The flight controller is a real-time control microcomputer system responsible for collecting parameter information from various sensors during the UAV's flight and using feedback control principles to stabilize the aircraft's flight attitude. It also receives the flight path set by the computer system and converts the path information into flight control parameters that directly control the aircraft's flight. The detection and jamming equipment are housed in the UAV's payload bay and draw power from the UAV's electrical system. The detection equipment can detect communication devices within a certain range and measure their spatial coordinates. The jamming equipment can emit interfering electromagnetic signals in a designated direction, disrupting electromagnetic wave communications within a certain range.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, the system total power management scheme is as follows: Figure 3 As shown: The system's main power source is the UAV's power battery, which directly powers the motor speed controller and brushless DC motor. The power battery power is stepped down to 12V after a first-stage DC-DC converter to power the onboard computer. The 12V power is then stepped down to 5V via an LDO to power the flight controller. Finally, the power battery power is stepped down to 36V after another first-stage DC-DC converter to power the detection and jamming equipment. Figure 4 The diagram shown is an LDO voltage regulator circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the power input scheme of the interference device is as follows: Figure 5 As shown: Before the power is output to the ESC, the UAV's power battery uses a DC-DC converter to step down the voltage to 36V to supply power to the detection and jamming equipment. The DC-DC converter is used to isolate voltage fluctuations in the power battery output and provide a stable power supply to the jamming equipment.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the connection scheme between the jamming device and the control circuit of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows: Figure 6 As shown: After the control signals of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are output from the flight controller, they are isolated using a high-speed optocoupler before being output to the motor speed controller. The optocoupler is used to isolate the electromagnetic pulses generated during the starting and braking of the brushless motor from intruding into the onboard computer and causing equipment damage.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the software component includes detection software, a database, pose calculation software, flight control software, and jamming device control software. The detection software receives target information transmitted back from the detection device, parses this information, and stores it in the database. The database primarily stores target information and device parameter information required by other software. The target database stores the target's coordinates and communication frequency band parameters, while the device parameter database stores parameters such as the device's detection range, flight speed, flight time, and jamming performance. The pose calculation software calculates the optimal jamming pose. This software queries the target database and device parameter database for the necessary computational data, and solves nonlinear programming inequalities using a grid method to ultimately obtain the optimal pose. The flight control software extracts the optimal jamming coordinate information from the optimal pose data provided by the pose calculation software and transmits it to the flight controller to control the aircraft's flight. The jamming device control software extracts the optimal jamming attitude from the optimal pose data provided by the pose calculation software and transmits the optimal jamming attitude data to the jamming device to control the direction of the jamming signal emitted by the jamming device.

[0047] The specific interference process is as follows. Each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to interfere with at least one target. Therefore, the first step is to assign the UAV to the target to be interfered with. To interfere with multiple targets at the same time, two constraints need to be met: (1) The frequencies of the targets are similar, i.e., the difference is within 2MHz; (2) The positions of the targets are similar, i.e., they are all within the interference range of the UAV.

[0048] The problem of allocating radio frequencies can be abstracted as follows: given an arbitrary array and N intervals of length 2, find the maximum number of numbers that can be accommodated in the array within these N intervals.

[0049] This problem can be solved recursively.

[0050] Step 1: Select the target set with similar frequencies and the largest number;

[0051] Step 2: Determine whether the selected target set has coordinates that satisfy the condition of being disturbed at the same time based on the constraints. The brute-force mesh method is used to determine whether the coordinates exist.

[0052] Step 3: If no coordinates exist to satisfy the condition that the target set is disturbed at the same time, delete the target that is farthest from other targets in terms of location, go to Step 2, and continue until coordinates that satisfy the condition exist, then proceed to Step 4;

[0053] Step 4: Output the coordinates and frequency bands that meet the conditions, remove the set of targets that were judged to meet the conditions of being interfered with in the above steps from all targets, and go to Step 1;

[0054] Repeating the above process N times completes the allocation of interference targets for N unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0055] The pose calculation flowchart is as follows: Figure 7 As shown. At the start of the program, the software loads the target coordinates data to be interfered with, as well as the maximum interference distance and maximum beam angle of the interference device from the database. After obtaining this data, it substitutes it into spatial constraint inequalities and angular constraint inequalities to obtain a set of inequalities. The solution set of this set of inequalities is obtained by using the spatial grid method, which is the required optimal pose data. The spatial grid method divides space into small grids, selects the center point of each grid as the data representative, and substitutes it into the set of inequalities for verification. After traversing all the small grids in space, all the small grids that satisfy the condition that the set of inequalities holds are the approximate solution set of the set of inequalities. If the solution set is empty, one or more target information is discarded, and the solution is repeated until the solution set is not empty. If the solution set is not empty, it can be output as the optimal pose to the corresponding control software as the control target. The program ends.

[0056] Among them, the constraint inequality mainly constrains spatial distance and angle. The spatial distance constraint requires that the distance between each interference target and the interference device must be within the effective interference distance, and the angle constraint requires that the angle between the interference device and any two interference targets must be less than the maximum beam angle of the interference electromagnetic wave.

[0057] The spatial distance constraint inequality is shown below:

[0058]

[0059] In the above inequality, the coordinates of the interfering device are: The coordinates of the nth interference target are .

[0060] Therefore, the set of constraint inequalities for all interfering targets is:

[0061]

[0062] In the above inequalities, Representing coordinates The ground elevation at that location.

[0063] The distance between the jamming device (i.e., the jamming source) and the jamming target must be less than a threshold R. The calculation formula is shown below, with the frequency points of the jamming targets distributed between 30MHz and 80MHz. To achieve jamming, the following conditions must be met between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the jamming target:

[0064] (3)

[0065] The transmit power (dBm) of the interfering equipment;

[0066] The gain (dB) of the transmitting antenna of the jamming device;

[0067] The distance (km) from the jamming device to the jamming target;

[0068] The power of the radio transmitter (dBm);

[0069] Antenna gain (dB) of a communication radio transmitter;

[0070] The distance between the transmitter and receiver of a communication radio station (km).

[0071] R takes The maximum value that satisfies the above inequality is, in other words:

[0072]

[0073] The angle constraint inequality is shown below:

[0074] Assume the coordinates of the interfering device are The coordinates of n interference targets are used Indicates defining a function The calculation method is as follows:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] The final constraint inequality is shown below, where Indicates the maximum beam angle of the interfering electromagnetic waves from the interfering device:

[0078]

[0079] The angle constraints can be solved using the above constraint inequalities, but considering that there are a total of the above inequalities... The calculation is quite large during verification. The following approximate constraints can be introduced to speed up the calculation. The approximate constraints first calculate the expected value of the target coordinates using the following formula:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The approximate constraint inequality then transforms into the following form:

[0085]

[0086] It is not difficult to see that if formula (11) holds true, then formula (6) must also hold true.

[0087] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this application can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of the operation of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-target communication jamming method based on unmanned aerial vehicles, characterized in that, include: The flight controller controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to take off and cruise with detection and jamming equipment. During the cruise phase, the detection equipment is turned on to detect jamming targets in the space and store the coordinates of the jamming targets. After completing the detection, the airborne computer uses a nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve for the coordinates of the jamming target to obtain the optimal jamming coordinates and optimal jamming attitude for communication jamming. After solving the problem, the flight controller hovers the UAV at the optimal interference coordinates and turns on the interference equipment. The pitch angle of the interference signal of the interference equipment is set to the optimal interference attitude to achieve communication interference against as many targets as possible. The optimal interference coordinates and optimal interference posture for communication jamming are obtained by solving the coordinates of the jamming target using a nonlinear optimization algorithm, including: Starting with an interference scenario involving a target, if the target is successfully interfered with, the distance between the interference device and the target needs to be less than a preset threshold. Assuming the preset threshold is R, the range within which the interference device can interfere with the target is the space within a sphere with the target as the center and R as the radius. If there are multiple interfering targets in space, the space that each of these interfering targets is interfered with is the space within a sphere centered on each interfering target. The intersection of all the spaces within the sphere is taken as the optimal interference coordinate set of the interfering device. Solving for the optimal interference coordinate set is transformed into solving a system of ternary inequalities. Angle constraints are added to the system of ternary inequalities. The spatial grid method is used to solve the system of ternary inequalities. If the solution to the system of ternary inequalities does not exist, the trial method is used to discard individual ground stations so that the system of ternary inequalities has a solution. During the cruise phase, the detection equipment is activated to detect interfering targets in space, including: Each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to interfere with at least one target. First, the UAV determines the target to be interfered with. At the same time, interfering with multiple targets requires meeting two constraints: (1) the targets have similar frequencies with a range within 2MHz; (2) the targets are located in similar positions and are all within the interference range of the UAV. The radio frequency allocation problem can be abstracted as follows: Given an arbitrary array and N intervals of preset length, the goal is to maximize the number of numbers in the array that can be accommodated in these N intervals. The following recursive approach can be used to address this problem: Step 1: Select the target set with similar frequencies and the largest number; Step 2: Determine whether the selected target set has coordinates that satisfy the condition of being disturbed at the same time based on the constraints. The brute-force mesh method is used to determine whether the coordinates exist. Step 3: If no coordinates exist to satisfy the condition that the target set is disturbed at the same time, delete the target that is farthest from other targets in terms of location, go to Step 2, and continue until coordinates that satisfy the condition exist, then proceed to Step 4. Step 4: Output the coordinates and frequency bands that meet the conditions, remove the set of targets that were judged to meet the conditions of being interfered with in the above steps from all targets, and go to Step 1; Repeating the above process N times completes the allocation of interference targets for N unmanned aerial vehicles.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle constraint requires that the angle between the jamming device and any two jamming targets must be less than the maximum beam angle of the jamming electromagnetic wave.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power is drawn from the drone's power battery. The power battery directly powers the motor speed controller and brushless DC motor. After passing through a first-stage DC-DC converter, the power battery voltage is stepped down to 12V to power the onboard computer. The 12V power is then stepped down to 5V by an LDO to power the flight controller. After passing through a first-stage DC-DC converter, the power battery voltage is stepped down to 36V to power the detection and jamming equipment.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the control signal of the unmanned aerial vehicle is output from the flight controller, it is isolated by a high-speed optocoupler and then output to the motor speed controller.

Images