A fuel cell engine system for underwater vehicles

Abstract

The present invention provides a fuel cell engine system for underwater vehicles, belonging to the field of fuel cell technology. It solves the existing problem of external water easily entering the engine through the tail exhaust pipe during underwater use, causing leakage in the fuel cell stack and damage to corresponding components. The system includes a fuel cell stack, air supply equipment, hydrogen supply equipment, a water distribution component, a hydrogen discharge valve, and a one-way diaphragm valve with adjustable valve opening. The one-way diaphragm valve is fixed to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle and is located after the gas-liquid mixing and discharge point. It has two or more diaphragms, the sides of adjacent diaphragms abutting each other to form a pyramid structure with the top facing the water side. A certain gap is formed at the overlapping point of adjacent diaphragms. When the gap expands due to the movement of the valves, the valve opens; when the gap contracts due to the movement of the valves, the valve closes. The hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the hydrogen supply equipment, and the hydrogen tail gas outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle through the water distribution component and the hydrogen discharge valve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cell engines are power generation devices that convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity. Because they avoid combustion and the limitations of the Carnot cycle, they can achieve energy utilization rates of 40% to 60% and are very environmentally friendly.

[0003] During engine operation, a large amount of water is produced at the cathode. Due to water osmosis and drag, some of this water seeps into the anode, ultimately draining out through the system's tailpipe. However, during underwater operation, the fuel cell engine may not be able to drain this water smoothly due to gas and pressure drops. Especially during the shutdown process during underwater operation, external water can backflow into the tailpipe, disrupting normal engine operation and preventing the fuel cell from properly draining and exhausting water.

[0004] If water can't drain properly, the fuel cell stack will flood. Prolonged operation can cause significant and irreversible damage to the stack's performance and lifespan. Prolonged operation of components in waterlogged conditions can also irreversibly damage their performance and lifespan. Furthermore, if backflowing water can't be drained promptly, it can accumulate in the exhaust pipes, freeze, and stick in winter, paralyzing the entire engine. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, an embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a fuel cell engine system for underwater vehicles to solve the problem in the prior art that external water easily enters the engine through the tail exhaust pipe when used underwater, causing leakage of the fuel cell stack and damage to corresponding components.

[0006] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle, comprising a fuel cell stack, an air supply device, a hydrogen supply device, a water distribution component, a hydrogen exhaust valve, and a one-way diaphragm valve with an adjustable valve opening; wherein,

[0007] The one-way diaphragm valve is fixed to the tail pipe of the underwater vehicle and is located after the gas-liquid mixing and discharge point. It has two or more diaphragms, and the sides of adjacent diaphragms are sequentially abutted to form a pyramid structure with the top facing the water side. There is a certain gap at the overlap of adjacent diaphragms. When the diaphragms move, the gap expands, and the valve opens when the diaphragms move, and closes when the gap contracts.

[0008] The air inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the air supply equipment, and its air exhaust outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle. The air inlet is connected to the hydrogen supply equipment, and its hydrogen exhaust outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle after passing through the water outlet of the water distribution component and the hydrogen discharge valve.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: a one-way diaphragm valve is added to the tailpipe, which has a valve body structure similar to a one-way valve and a controllable opening. When closed, it can effectively prevent external water from flowing back into the fuel cell engine through the tailpipe. Compared to existing one-way valves, it adopts a diaphragm pyramid structure. The characteristic of this structure is that when the fluid pressure in the tailpipe is greater than the external water pressure, the gap automatically expands, allowing for smooth water and air discharge and preventing liquid backflow. When the fluid pressure in the tailpipe is less than the external water pressure, the gap automatically contracts, placing the one-way diaphragm valve in the closed state. It has wide practicality and is simple to operate.

[0010] Based on a further improvement of the above system, the top of the pyramid structure is oriented in the same direction as the axial direction of the tail pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the valve of the one-way membrane valve is made of a highly plastic material or is provided with an elastic reset mechanism, and has an electric control drive unit inside for driving the valve to move.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel cell engine system further includes:

[0013] The controller is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations; and, when it is monitored that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is greater than the external water pressure, control the one-way diaphragm valve to open, and adjust the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve according to the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure; and, when it is monitored that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is less than or equal to the external water pressure, control the one-way diaphragm valve to close.

[0014] Furthermore, the controller includes:

[0015] Data acquisition unit, used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed exhaust pipe and the external water pressure;

[0016] The data processing and control unit is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe after the fuel cell engine is started when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations. When it is monitored that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is greater than the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to open, and the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve is adjusted according to the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure. When it is monitored that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is less than or equal to the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to close; and after the fuel cell engine is shut down, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to close.

[0017] Furthermore, the data acquisition unit includes:

[0018] Liquid pressure sensor, arranged on the shell surface of the underwater vehicle, used to obtain external water pressure;

[0019] The gas pressure sensor is arranged on the top inner wall of the mixed pipe and is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe.

[0020] Furthermore, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:

[0021] When the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations, the state of the fuel cell engine is regularly identified. When the fuel cell engine is started, the next step is executed; otherwise, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to close.

[0022] The exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is obtained through the gas pressure sensor. When the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is detected to be greater than the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to open and the next step is executed. When the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is detected to be less than or equal to the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to close.

[0023] Obtaining a pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure, and adjusting the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve to a set opening corresponding to the pressure difference;

[0024] After the fuel cell engine is shut down, the one-way diaphragm valve is controlled to close.

[0025] Furthermore, the air supply equipment includes an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, an air intake throttle, and a humidifier which are connected in sequence.

[0026] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply equipment includes a high-pressure hydrogen bottle, a three-way valve, a solenoid valve, and a gas circulation pump; wherein,

[0027] The input end of the three-way valve is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen bottle, the input end thereof is connected to the gas outlet of the water distribution component through the solenoid valve and the gas circulation pump in sequence, and the output end thereof is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0028] Furthermore, the fuel cell engine system further includes a bypass valve; wherein,

[0029] The input end of the bypass valve is connected to the output end of the air supply equipment, and the output end thereof is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. It provides a feasible method for the fuel cell engine to operate in a water-related environment of the tail exhaust subsystem, filling a gap and preventing external water from flowing back into the fuel cell engine through the tail exhaust pipe due to pressure, causing water leakage in the fuel cell stack and causing pollution and damage to the corresponding components and the fuel cell stack.

[0032] 2. Avoid the existing one-way valve from causing excessive air / hydrogen inlet pressure due to large front flow resistance, which puts the fuel cell system in a high-load working state and causes hydrogen-air leakage in the stack.

[0033] 3. By monitoring the exhaust pressure in the mixed exhaust pipe and the external water pressure, it is possible to accurately determine whether the fuel cell engine can exhaust. Through program writing and controller control, the diaphragm of the one-way valve is controlled to accurately control its opening to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system.

[0034] 4. Reduce the human error factors caused by manual control of the opening.

[0035] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle according to Example 1 is shown;

[0038] Figure 2 The structure and principle diagram of the one-way membrane valve of Example 1 are shown;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the opening process of the one-way membrane valve in Example 1 is shown;

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the closing process of the one-way membrane valve in Example 1 is shown;

[0041] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle according to Example 2 is shown;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a control circuit of a fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle according to Example 2 is shown.

[0043] Reference numerals:

[0044] 1-Air filter; 2-Air compressor; 3-Intercooler; 4-Bypass valve; 5-Intake throttle; 6-Humidifier; 7-Tail exhaust throttle; 8-One-way diaphragm valve; 9-Cellular stack; 10-Water distribution component; 11-Hydrogen circulation pump; 12-Hydrogen exhaust valve; 13-Three-way valve; 14-Solenoid valve; 15-High-pressure hydrogen bottle; 16-Controller; 17-Flow meter (including temperature measurement point). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0046] As used herein, the term "including" and its variations represent open inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to." Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and / or." The term "based on" means "based at least in part on." The terms "an example embodiment" and "an embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment." The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment." The terms "first," "second," etc. may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] One embodiment of the present invention discloses a fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a fuel cell stack 9, air supply equipment, hydrogen supply equipment, a water distribution component 10, a hydrogen exhaust valve 12, and a one-way diaphragm valve 8 with adjustable valve opening.

[0049] The one-way membrane valve 8 is fixed on the tail discharge pipe of the underwater vehicle and is located after the gas-liquid mixing point. It has more than two membrane petals, and the sides of adjacent membrane petals are abutted in sequence to form a pyramid structure with the top facing the water side, such as Figures 2-4 There is a certain gap between the overlapping parts of adjacent valves (the gap can expand and contract). When the gap expands due to valve movement, the valve opens (i.e., from fully closed to the set opening, as shown in the figure). Figure 3 As shown in the figure), the valve closes when the valve moves and the gap shrinks (the process from the set opening to full closure, as shown in the figure). Figure 4 shown).

[0050] The opening adjustment of the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is achieved by the movement of the diaphragm, which can be used to control the flow direction of the water vapor mixture during the shutdown purge phase, isolate the fuel cell system from the external environment, and control the drainage and exhaust after the engine is started, and output the water vapor mixture.

[0051] The air inlet of the fuel cell stack 9 is connected to the air supply equipment, and its air exhaust outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle. The air inlet is connected to the hydrogen supply equipment, and its hydrogen exhaust outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle after passing through the water outlet of the water distribution component 10 and the hydrogen exhaust valve 12 in sequence.

[0052] Compared to the prior art, this embodiment provides a one-way diaphragm valve at the tailpipe. This valve has a controllable opening and, when closed, effectively prevents external water from flowing back into the fuel cell engine through the tailpipe. Compared to existing one-way valves, this one-way diaphragm valve utilizes a pyramidal diaphragm structure. This structure features automatic expansion when the fluid pressure in the tailpipe exceeds the external water pressure, enabling smooth drainage and preventing liquid backflow. When the fluid pressure in the tailpipe falls below the external water pressure, the gap automatically contracts, closing the one-way diaphragm valve 8. This design offers wide practicality and simple operation.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] An improvement is made based on Example 1, in which the top of the pyramid structure is oriented in the same direction as the axial direction of the tail pipe, that is, the medium flow direction is perpendicular to the valve opening and closing direction, so as to achieve a higher frequency response and prevent the valve from opening late and causing failure to start normally.

[0055] The existing one-way valve has a large front flow resistance, resulting in excessively high air / hydrogen inlet pressure, and the fuel cell engine is in a high-load working state, which easily causes hydrogen-air leakage in the stack 9. However, by adopting the above-mentioned pyramid structure and ensuring that the medium flow direction is perpendicular to the valve opening and closing direction, the hydrogen-air leakage in the stack 9 can be effectively avoided.

[0056] Preferably, the valve of the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is made of a highly plastic material, or is provided with an elastic reset structure (the structure of the elastic reset mechanism is shown in the existing patent CN202120369955.X, which ensures that the valve body automatically resets to the closed state when no exhaust is required). The valve has an electrically controlled drive unit inside that drives its movement (the structure and drive method of the drive unit are shown in the existing patent CN201510388040.2). When the gas pressure is low or no exhaust is required, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 can automatically reset to the closed state.

[0057] Preferably, the fuel cell engine system further includes a controller 16 .

[0058] The controller 16 is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations; and, when it is monitored that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is greater than the external water pressure, control the one-way diaphragm valve 8 to open, and adjust the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve 8 according to the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure to achieve precise control; and, when it is monitored that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is less than or equal to the external water pressure, control the one-way diaphragm valve 8 to close, prompting that the system does not support startup to prevent water from flowing back into the tail drain.

[0059] The pressure difference corresponds to the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve 8, and can simulate the external water pressure in different working scenarios for calibration and setting to ensure that the exhaust requirements are met and the system can operate normally in a water environment.

[0060] The output end of the controller 16 is respectively connected to the control end of the one-way diaphragm valve 8, the air supply equipment, the hydrogen supply equipment, and the hydrogen exhaust valve 12. All components of the fuel cell engine are controlled by the controller 16 or uploaded to the host computer for control.

[0061] Preferably, the controller 16 further includes a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.

[0062] The data acquisition unit is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed exhaust pipe, the external water pressure, and other state parameters of the fuel cell engine.

[0063] The data processing and control unit is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe after the fuel cell engine is started when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations. When it is detected that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is greater than the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is controlled to open, and the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is adjusted according to the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure. When it is detected that the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is less than or equal to the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is controlled to close; and after the fuel cell engine is shut down, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is controlled to close.

[0064] Preferably, the data acquisition unit further includes a liquid pressure sensor and a gas pressure sensor.

[0065] The liquid pressure sensor is arranged on the shell surface of the underwater vehicle to obtain the external water pressure.

[0066] The gas pressure sensor is arranged on the top inner wall of the mixed pipe and is used to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe.

[0067] Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:

[0068] S1. When the underwater vehicle is operating underwater, the status of the fuel cell engine is regularly identified. When the fuel cell engine is started, step S2 is executed. Otherwise, the one-way flap valve 8 is controlled to be closed;

[0069] S2. The exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is obtained by the gas pressure sensor. When the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is greater than the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is controlled to open, and step S3 is executed. When the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is less than or equal to the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is controlled to close;

[0070] S3. Obtain the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure, and adjust the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve 8 to the set opening corresponding to the pressure difference; wherein, the specific set opening can be calibrated in the laboratory, and one pressure differential corresponds to one set opening. The external water pressure under different working scenarios (different salinity, etc.) can be calibrated and set to fully meet the drainage requirements;

[0071] S4. After the fuel cell engine is shut down, the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is controlled to close.

[0072] By adding a gas pressure sensor and a one-way diaphragm valve 8, external water is prevented from flowing back into the fuel cell engine through the tail pipe during the shutdown process and the stop process, which has a good anti-pollution effect.

[0073] Preferably, the air supply device includes an air filter 1, an air compressor 2, an intercooler 3, an air intake throttle 5, and a humidifier 6 connected in sequence, such as Figures 5-6 shown.

[0074] Preferably, the fuel cell engine system further includes a tail exhaust throttle valve 7, such as Figures 2-3 shown.

[0075] Preferably, the air supply device further comprises a flow meter 17 (including a temperature measuring point). According to the value of the flow meter 17, the power of the air compressor 2 can be adjusted.

[0076] Preferably, the air supply device further includes a temperature-pressure integrated sensor, which is provided at the input end of the air intake throttle 5 and is used to obtain the temperature and pressure of the air entering the stack.

[0077] Preferably, the hydrogen supply equipment includes a high-pressure hydrogen bottle 15, a three-way valve 13, a solenoid valve 14, and a hydrogen circulation pump 11. The first input end of the three-way valve 13 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen bottle 15, the second input end is connected to the outlet of the water distribution component 10 through the solenoid valve 14 and the hydrogen circulation pump 11, and the output end is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 9.

[0078] Preferably, the hydrogen supply device further includes a high-pressure sensor and a low-pressure sensor. The high-pressure sensor is provided at the first input terminal of the three-way valve 13, and the low-pressure sensor is provided at the second input terminal of the three-way valve 13. The two sensors can be used together to adjust the opening of the solenoid valve 14.

[0079] Preferably, the fuel cell engine system further comprises a bypass valve 4. The input end of the bypass valve 4 is connected to the output end of the air supply device, and the output end thereof is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle.

[0080] Preferably, a housing surface of the battery stack 9 is provided with a ventilation inlet and a ventilation outlet for purging the single-chip batteries inside the battery stack 9 .

[0081] During implementation, the opening or switch of the one-way diaphragm valve 8 is electrically driven and realized by flashing the program. The controller 16 flashes and calibrates the actual opening of the one-way diaphragm valve 8, and feeds back the external water pressure through the liquid pressure sensor, which can selectively control the opening of the one-way control valve.

[0082] Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell engine system for underwater vehicles in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0083] 1. It provides a feasible method for the fuel cell engine to operate in a water environment where the tail exhaust subsystem is located, filling a gap and preventing external water from flowing back into the fuel cell engine through the tail exhaust pipe due to pressure, causing the fuel cell stack 9 to leak, and causing pollution and damage to the corresponding components and the fuel cell stack 9.

[0084] 2. Avoid the existing one-way valve from causing excessive air / hydrogen inlet pressure due to large front flow resistance, which puts the fuel cell system in a high-load working state and causes hydrogen-air leakage in the stack 9.

[0085] 3. By monitoring the exhaust pressure in the mixed exhaust pipe and the external water pressure, it is possible to accurately know whether the fuel cell engine can exhaust. Through programming, the controller 16 controls the diaphragm of the one-way valve and accurately controls its opening to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system.

[0086] 4. Reduce the human error factors caused by manual control of the opening.

[0087] While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or improvements over the prior art, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fuel cell engine system for an underwater vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell stack (9), air supply equipment, hydrogen supply equipment, a water distribution component (10), a hydrogen discharge valve (12), and a one-way diaphragm valve (8) with adjustable valve opening; wherein, The one-way membrane flap valve (8) is fixed on the tail discharge pipe of the underwater vehicle and is arranged at a position after the gas-liquid mixing and discharge point. It has two or more membrane flaps, and the sides of adjacent membrane flaps are abutted in sequence to form a pyramid structure with the top facing the water side. There is a certain gap at the overlapping part of the adjacent flaps. When the gap expands due to the movement of the flaps, the valve opens, and when the gap contracts due to the movement of the flaps, the valve closes. The air inlet of the fuel cell stack (9) is connected to the air supply equipment, and the air exhaust outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle. The air inlet is connected to the hydrogen supply equipment, and the hydrogen exhaust outlet is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle after passing through the water outlet of the water distribution component (10) and the hydrogen discharge valve (12) in sequence. The top of the pyramid structure is oriented in the same direction as the axial direction of the tail pipe; The valve of the one-way membrane flap valve (8) is made of a highly plastic material or is provided with an elastic reset mechanism, and has an electric control drive unit inside for driving the valve to move; The invention also includes: a controller (16) for obtaining the exhaust pressure in the mixed-discharge pipe when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations; and, when it is detected that the exhaust pressure in the mixed-discharge pipe is greater than the external water pressure, controlling the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to open, and adjusting the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve (8) according to the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure; and, when it is detected that the exhaust pressure in the mixed-discharge pipe is less than or equal to the external water pressure, controlling the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to close. The controller (16) further comprises: a data acquisition unit for acquiring the exhaust pressure in the mixed exhaust pipe and the external water pressure; The data processing and control unit is used for obtaining the exhaust pressure in the mixed discharge pipe after the fuel cell engine is started when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations, controlling the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to open when the exhaust pressure in the mixed discharge pipe is detected to be greater than the external water pressure, and adjusting the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve (8) according to the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure, controlling the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to close when the exhaust pressure in the mixed discharge pipe is detected to be less than or equal to the external water pressure; and controlling the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to close after the fuel cell engine is shut down; The data acquisition unit further includes: a liquid pressure sensor disposed on the surface of the underwater vehicle's shell for obtaining external water pressure; A gas pressure sensor is arranged on the top inner wall of the mixed-discharge pipe to obtain the exhaust pressure in the mixed-discharge pipe; The data processing and control unit executes the following program: when the underwater vehicle is performing underwater operations, the state of the fuel cell engine is regularly identified, and when the fuel cell engine is started, the next step is executed; otherwise, the one-way membrane valve (8) is controlled to be closed; The exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is obtained by a gas pressure sensor. When the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is detected to be greater than the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve (8) is controlled to open, and the next step is executed. When the exhaust pressure in the mixed pipe is detected to be less than or equal to the external water pressure, the one-way diaphragm valve (8) is controlled to close. Obtaining the pressure difference between the exhaust pressure and the external water pressure, and adjusting the opening of the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to a set opening corresponding to the pressure difference; After the fuel cell engine is shut down, controlling the one-way diaphragm valve (8) to close; The air supply equipment comprises an air filter (1), an air compressor (2), an intercooler (3), an air intake throttle (5), and a humidifier (6) which are connected in sequence; The hydrogen supply equipment includes a high-pressure hydrogen bottle (15), a three-way valve (13), a solenoid valve (14), and a hydrogen circulation pump (11); wherein, The first input end of the three-way valve (13) is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen bottle (15), the second input end is connected to the gas outlet of the water distribution component (10) through the electromagnetic valve (14) and the hydrogen circulation pump (11) in sequence, and the output end is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (9); It also includes a bypass valve (4); wherein the input end of the bypass valve (4) is connected to the output end of the air supply device, and the output end thereof is connected to the tail exhaust pipe of the underwater vehicle.

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