Threshold amplitude-based noise suppression method and system, electronic device and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression method and system, an electronic device and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a seismic trace from an original seismic record, calculating the median absolute difference of the seismic trace; calculating the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and an amplitude threshold factor; determining whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude; performing attenuation processing on the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude, and outputting the attenuated seismic trace. The technical scheme of the application has the beneficial effects that the threshold amplitude is defined by the median amplitude and a given amplitude threshold factor, the amplitude threshold factor changes with time and space, the amplitude value of the seismic trace is attenuated according to the threshold amplitude to suppress abnormal noise, the effective signal can be protected, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved, and the abnormal noise interference in the single shot of the field acquisition of the exploration area has very good application effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration data processing methods, and more specifically, relates to a threshold amplitude noise suppression method, system, electronic device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic data processing, anomalous noise is a common type of noise. It is characterized by the absence of a definite propagation direction and apparent velocity, and has extremely high energy. If it is not suppressed before stacking, it will be very detrimental to subsequent velocity modeling and migration imaging. Therefore, the suppression of anomalous noise is crucial.

[0003] Effectively removing anomalous noise has always been a key issue in data processing. Anomalous noise suppression methods generally involve converting the data to the frequency domain and then applying spatial median filtering. Given a specific threshold, the frequency band extracted from the median amplitude is multiplied by a specific calibration operator or replaced with an interpolated frequency band from surrounding channels. When the median amplitude of a sampling point exceeds the median amplitude within the frequency band, that band is considered an anomalous channel. A common practice is to use a threshold factor, which can be either the median or the median absolute difference. The median absolute difference is obtained by calculating the absolute difference between median amplitudes and the amplitude of each channel within the median width. When the data space varies significantly, the median absolute difference also needs automatic adjustment; even when the data is less complex, the median absolute difference still requires corresponding adjustments.

[0004] Therefore, a threshold amplitude noise suppression method is needed to suppress abnormal noise in seismic data and eliminate abnormal noise interference. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression method, system, electronic device, and storage medium. The threshold amplitude is defined by the median amplitude and a given amplitude threshold factor. The amplitude threshold factor varies with time and space. The amplitude value of the seismic trace is attenuated according to the threshold amplitude to suppress abnormal noise, thereby protecting the effective signal and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression method, comprising:

[0007] Step S1: Select a seismic trace from the original seismic record and calculate the median absolute difference of that seismic trace;

[0008] Step S2: Calculate the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor;

[0009] Step S3: Determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude. If yes, proceed to step S4 for processing; otherwise, do not process.

[0010] Step S4: Attenuate the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude and output the attenuated seismic trace.

[0011] Preferably, step S1 includes: based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, first calculating the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of the seismic trace, and then calculating the amplitude of each seismic trace within the median width according to the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, to obtain the median absolute difference of the seismic trace in the time t and frequency band f.

[0012] The absolute difference of the median is calculated by the following formula (1):

[0013] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk )|] (1);

[0014] Among them, P ftk med represents the median absolute difference of a seismic trace in the time band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all traces within the median bandwidth of a given seismic trace in the time band f, R ftk Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t.

[0015] Preferably, when the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the amplitude threshold factor is calculated by the following formula (2):

[0016]

[0017] Among them, U t is the amplitude threshold factor, and x is the sliding factor.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, when a seismic trace is a data trace with a large attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace is calculated according to formula (3):

[0019] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk (3);

[0020] Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace can be calculated according to formula (4):

[0021] Q ftk =Sftk -U t ·P ftk (4);

[0022] Among them, Q ftk P represents the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk S is the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk U represents the median amplitude of a seismic trace in the time band f. t is the amplitude threshold factor.

[0023] This invention provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression system to implement the aforementioned threshold amplitude noise suppression method, comprising:

[0024] The first calculation module is used to calculate the median absolute difference of a seismic trace selected from the original seismic record.

[0025] The second calculation module is used to calculate the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor.

[0026] The judgment module is used to determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude.

[0027] An attenuation processing module is used to attenuate the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude.

[0028] A seismic trace output module is used to output attenuated seismic traces.

[0029] Preferably, based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, the first calculation module includes:

[0030] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of a certain seismic trace;

[0031] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the amplitude of each seismic trace within the median width based on the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, and to obtain the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time t frequency band f.

[0032] The absolute difference of the median is calculated by the following formula (1):

[0033] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk )|];

[0034] Among them, Pftk Let med be the median absolute difference of a frequency band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all channels within the median bandwidth f of a given channel in time t, R ftk Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain frequency band at time t.

[0035] Preferably, the noise suppression system further includes a third calculation module. When the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the third calculation module calculates the amplitude threshold factor according to the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, U t is the amplitude threshold factor, and x is the sliding factor.

[0038] Preferably, when a seismic trace has a large attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module calculates the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace according to the following formula:

[0039] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk ;

[0040] Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module calculates the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace according to the following formula:

[0041] Q ftk =S ftk -U t ·P ftk ;

[0042] Among them, Q ftk P represents the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk S is the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk U represents the median amplitude of a seismic trace in the time band f. t is the amplitude threshold factor.

[0043] This invention provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0044] At least one processor; and,

[0045] The memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein,

[0046] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the threshold amplitude noise suppression method described above.

[0047] The present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the threshold amplitude noise suppression method described above.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] This invention defines a threshold amplitude using the median absolute difference and a given amplitude threshold factor. The amplitude threshold factor varies with time and space. Based on the threshold amplitude, the amplitude value of the seismic trace is attenuated to suppress anomalous noise, thus protecting the effective signal and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. It has a very good application effect on anomalous noise interference in single shots acquired in the field of the exploration area. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a threshold amplitude noise suppression method according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a threshold amplitude-based noise suppression system according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This invention provides a method for suppressing abnormal noise in the field data of a single shot acquired in an exploration area, based on a threshold amplitude noise suppression method.

[0054] Figure 4 This invention relates to a seismic record obtained from single-shot data acquired in a certain exploration area after suppressing abnormal noise using a threshold amplitude noise suppression method.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0056] 1. First calculation module; 2. Second calculation module; 3. Second calculation module; 4. Judgment module; 5. Attenuation processing module; 6. Seismic trace output module; 11. First calculation unit; 12. Second calculation unit. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail. While preferred embodiments of the invention are described below, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0058] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0059] In seismic data processing, anomalous noise is a common type of noise. It exhibits no definite propagation direction or apparent velocity and possesses extremely high energy. If not suppressed pre-stack, it severely hinders subsequent velocity modeling and migration imaging; therefore, suppressing anomalous noise is crucial. This invention proposes a threshold-based amplitude noise suppression method. A threshold is defined using the median amplitude and a given amplitude threshold factor, which varies with time and space to suppress anomalous noise.

[0060] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression method, comprising:

[0062] Step S1: Select a seismic trace from the original seismic record and calculate the median absolute difference P of that trace. ftk ;

[0063] Step S2, based on the median absolute difference P ftk and amplitude threshold factor U t Calculate the threshold amplitude Q of the seismic trace. ftk ;

[0064] Step S3: Determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude Q. ftk If yes, proceed to step S4 for processing; otherwise, do not process.

[0065] Step S4, based on the threshold amplitude Q ftk The seismic trace is attenuated, and the attenuated seismic trace is output.

[0066] In a preferred example, step S1 includes: based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, first calculating the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of the selected seismic trace, and then calculating the amplitude for each seismic trace within the median width based on the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, to obtain the median absolute difference P of the selected seismic trace in the time t and frequency band f. ftk ;

[0067] The absolute difference of the median is calculated using the following formula (1):

[0068] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk )|] (1);

[0069] Among them, P ftk med represents the median absolute difference of a seismic trace in the time band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all traces within the median bandwidth of a given seismic trace in the time band f, R ftk Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t.

[0070] In a preferred example, when the amplitude value of a seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the amplitude threshold factor is calculated by the following formula (2):

[0071]

[0072] Among them, U t is the amplitude threshold factor, and x is the sliding factor.

[0073] In a preferred example, in step S2, when a seismic trace has a large attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace is calculated according to formula (3):

[0074] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk (3);

[0075] Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace can be calculated according to formula (4):

[0076] Q ftk =S ftk -U t ·P ftk (4);

[0077] Among them, Q ftk P represents the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk S is the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk U represents the median amplitude of a seismic trace in the time band f. t This is the amplitude threshold factor.

[0078] Specifically, define P ftkmed represents the median absolute difference of a seismic trace in the time band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all channels within the median bandwidth f of a given channel in time t, S ftk U represents the median amplitude of the seismic trace in the time band f. t R is the amplitude threshold factor. ftk Q represents the amplitude energy of the seismic trace in the time band f. ftk This represents the threshold amplitude of the frequency band f at time t.

[0079] Based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, the absolute difference between median amplitudes is calculated using formula (1), and the amplitude of each trace within the median width is calculated to obtain the median absolute difference.

[0080] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk )|] (1);

[0081] Amplitude threshold factor U t It can be defined as a function of a sliding factor near a threshold, where U is the amplitude of a seismic trace within the threshold range. t It can be defined as a function of the square of the cosine over a time interval t, ranging from 0 to 1, where x is a sliding factor. The choice of x can be adjusted according to different data. The amplitude threshold factor U... t It varies with time and space, and can be expressed in the following form by formula (2):

[0082]

[0083] When a seismic trace is a data trace with a large attenuation amplitude, as shown in formula (3), the threshold amplitude factor Q ftk It can be regarded as the median amplitude S ftk Add amplitude threshold factor U t The absolute difference between the median and P ftk The product of:

[0084] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk (3);

[0085] When a seismic trace is a data trace with a small attenuation amplitude, as shown in formula (4), the threshold amplitude Q ftk It can be regarded as the median amplitude S ftk Subtract amplitude threshold factor U t The absolute difference between the median and P ftk The product of:

[0086] Q ftk =S ftk -U t ·P ftk (4);

[0087] According to formulas (3) and (4), for amplitude values ​​less than the threshold amplitude Q ftk For earthquake traces, no action is taken; for amplitude values ​​greater than the threshold amplitude Q, no action is taken. ftk The seismic traces are attenuated according to formulas (3) and (4), thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing abnormal noise and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

[0088] This invention provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression system to implement the aforementioned threshold amplitude noise suppression method, comprising:

[0089] First calculation module 1, the first calculation module 1 is used to calculate the median absolute difference of a seismic trace selected from the original seismic record;

[0090] The second calculation module 2 is used to calculate the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor.

[0091] Judgment module 4 is used to determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace has reached the threshold amplitude.

[0092] Attenuation processing module 5 is used to attenuate the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude.

[0093] Seismic trace output module 6 is used to output the attenuated seismic trace.

[0094] In a preferred example, based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, the first calculation module 1 includes:

[0095] The first calculation unit 11 is used to calculate the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of a certain seismic trace.

[0096] The second calculation unit 12 is used to calculate the amplitude of each seismic trace within the median width based on the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, and obtain the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time t frequency band f.

[0097] The absolute difference of the median is calculated using the following formula (1):

[0098] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk)|];

[0099] Among them, P ftk Let med be the median absolute difference of a frequency band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all channels within the median bandwidth f of a given channel in time t, R ftk Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain frequency band at time t.

[0100] In a preferred example, the noise suppression system further includes a third calculation module 3, which calculates an amplitude threshold factor according to the following formula when the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range:

[0101]

[0102] Among them, U t is the amplitude threshold factor, and x is the sliding factor.

[0103] In a preferred example, when a seismic trace has a large attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module 2 calculates the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace according to the following formula:

[0104] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk ;

[0105] Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module 2 calculates the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace according to the following formula:

[0106] Q ftk =S ftk -U t ·P ftk ;

[0107] Among them, Q ftk P represents the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk S is the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk U represents the median amplitude of a seismic trace in the time band f. t This is the amplitude threshold factor.

[0108] Specifically, to verify the effectiveness of the threshold amplitude-based noise suppression method of this invention, the first calculation module 1 calculates the median absolute difference of a selected seismic trace from the original seismic record; the second calculation module 2 calculates the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor; the judgment module 4 determines whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude; the attenuation processing module 5 attenuates the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude; and finally, the seismic trace output module 6 outputs the attenuated seismic trace. Using the threshold amplitude-based noise suppression method employed in this system, surface wave noise suppression is performed on single-shot data acquired in the field in a certain exploration area. Figure 3 This is the earthquake record before the abnormal noise was suppressed. Figure 4 These are seismic records after suppressing abnormal noise. It can be seen that the effective signals of the suppressed seismic records have been revealed, confirming the effectiveness of the method of the present invention.

[0109] This invention provides an electronic device, which includes:

[0110] At least one processor; and,

[0111] A memory that is communicatively connected to at least one processor, wherein,

[0112] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to perform the threshold amplitude noise suppression method described above.

[0113] Specifically, at least one processor executes executable instructions in memory to perform the following steps:

[0114] Step S1: Select a seismic trace from the original seismic record and calculate the median absolute difference P of that trace. ftk ;

[0115] Step S2, based on the median absolute difference P ftk and amplitude threshold factor U t Calculate the threshold amplitude Q of the seismic trace. ftk ;

[0116] Step S3: Determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude Q. ftk If yes, proceed to step S4 for processing; otherwise, do not process.

[0117] Step S4, based on the threshold amplitude Q ftk The seismic trace is attenuated, and the attenuated seismic trace is output.

[0118] Based on the above steps, the median absolute difference P is used. ftk and a given amplitude threshold factor Ut Define threshold amplitude Q ftk Amplitude threshold factor U t It varies with time and space, according to the threshold amplitude Q ftk Attenuating the amplitude values ​​of seismic traces to suppress anomalous noise can protect valid signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. This electronic device was used to perform surface wave noise suppression on single-shot data acquired in a certain exploration area using a threshold amplitude noise suppression method. Figure 3 This is the earthquake record before the abnormal noise was suppressed. Figure 4 These are seismic records after suppressing abnormal noise. It can be seen that the effective signals of the suppressed seismic records have been revealed, confirming the effectiveness of the method of the present invention.

[0119] The present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the threshold amplitude noise suppression method described above.

[0120] Specifically, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that cause the computer to perform the following steps:

[0121] Step S1: Select a seismic trace from the original seismic record and calculate the median absolute difference P of that trace. ftk ;

[0122] Step S2, based on the median absolute difference P ftk and amplitude threshold factor U t Calculate the threshold amplitude Q of the seismic trace. ftk ;

[0123] Step S3: Determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude Q. ftk If yes, proceed to step S4 for processing; otherwise, do not process.

[0124] Step S4, based on the threshold amplitude Q ftk The seismic trace is attenuated, and the attenuated seismic trace is output.

[0125] Based on the above steps, the median absolute difference P is used. ftk and a given amplitude threshold factor U t Define threshold amplitude Q ftk Amplitude threshold factor U t It varies with time and space, according to the threshold amplitude Q ftkAttenuating the amplitude values ​​of seismic traces to suppress anomalous noise can protect valid signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. Using computer instructions stored on this non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a threshold-based amplitude noise suppression method is executed to suppress surface wave noise in single-shot data acquired in a certain exploration area. Figure 3 This is the earthquake record before the abnormal noise was suppressed. Figure 4 These are seismic records after suppressing abnormal noise. It can be seen that the effective signals of the suppressed seismic records have been revealed, confirming the effectiveness of the method of the present invention.

[0126] Example 1

[0127] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression method, including:

[0128] Step S1: Select a seismic trace from the original seismic record and calculate the median absolute difference P of that trace. ftk ;

[0129] Step S2, based on the median absolute difference P ftk and amplitude threshold factor U t Calculate the threshold amplitude Q of the seismic trace. ftk ;

[0130] Step S3: Determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude Q. ftk If yes, proceed to step S4 for processing; otherwise, do not process.

[0131] Step S4, based on the threshold amplitude Q ftk The seismic trace is attenuated, and the attenuated seismic trace is output.

[0132] In this embodiment, step S1 includes: based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, first calculating the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of the selected seismic trace, and then calculating the amplitude for each seismic trace within the median width based on the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, to obtain the median absolute difference P of the selected seismic trace in time t and frequency band f. ftk ;

[0133] The absolute difference of the median is calculated using the following formula (1):

[0134] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk )|] (1);

[0135] Among them, P ftkmed represents the median absolute difference of a seismic trace in the time band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all traces within the median bandwidth of a given seismic trace in the time band f, R ftk Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t.

[0136] In this embodiment, when the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the amplitude threshold factor is calculated by the following formula (2):

[0137]

[0138] Among them, U t is the amplitude threshold factor, and x is the sliding factor.

[0139] In this embodiment, in step S2, when a certain seismic trace is a data trace with a large attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace is calculated according to formula (3):

[0140] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk (3);

[0141] Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace can be calculated according to formula (4):

[0142] Q ftk =S ftk -U t ·P ftk (4);

[0143] Among them, Q ftk P represents the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk S is the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk U represents the median amplitude of a seismic trace in the time band f. t This is the amplitude threshold factor.

[0144] Example 2

[0145] Reference Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a threshold amplitude noise suppression system to implement the above-mentioned threshold amplitude noise suppression method, including:

[0146] First calculation module 1, the first calculation module 1 is used to calculate the median absolute difference of a seismic trace selected from the original seismic record;

[0147] The second calculation module 2 is used to calculate the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor.

[0148] Judgment module 4 is used to determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace has reached the threshold amplitude.

[0149] Attenuation processing module 5 is used to attenuate the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude.

[0150] Seismic trace output module 6 is used to output the attenuated seismic trace.

[0151] In this embodiment, based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, the first calculation module 1 includes:

[0152] The first calculation unit 11 is used to calculate the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of a certain seismic trace.

[0153] The second calculation unit 12 is used to calculate the amplitude of each seismic trace within the median width based on the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, and obtain the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time t frequency band f.

[0154] The absolute difference of the median is calculated using the following formula (1):

[0155] P ftk =med k [|R ftk -med k (R ftk )|];

[0156] Among them, P ftk Let med be the median absolute difference of a frequency band f at time t. k To calculate the median for all channels within the median bandwidth f of a given channel in time t, R ftk Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain frequency band at time t.

[0157] In this embodiment, the noise suppression system further includes a third calculation module 3. When the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the third calculation module 3 calculates the amplitude threshold factor according to the following formula:

[0158]

[0159] Among them, U t is the amplitude threshold factor, and x is the sliding factor.

[0160] In this embodiment, when a seismic trace has a large attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module 2 calculates the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace according to the following formula:

[0161] Q ftk =S ftk +U t ·P ftk ;

[0162] Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module 2 calculates the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace according to the following formula:

[0163] Q ftk =S ftk -U t ·P ftk ;

[0164] Among them, Q ftk P represents the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk S is the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. ftk U represents the median amplitude of a seismic trace in the time band f. t This is the amplitude threshold factor.

[0165] In summary, this invention defines a threshold amplitude using the median amplitude and a given amplitude threshold factor. The amplitude threshold factor varies with time and space. The amplitude value of the seismic trace is attenuated according to the threshold amplitude to suppress anomalous noise, thus protecting the effective signal and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. It has a very good application effect on anomalous noise interference in single shots acquired in the field of the exploration area.

[0166] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A threshold amplitude noise suppression method, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Select a seismic trace from the original seismic record and calculate the median absolute difference of that seismic trace; Step S2: Calculate the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor; Step S3: Determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude. If yes, proceed to step S4 for processing; otherwise, do not process. Step S4: Attenuate the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude and output the attenuated seismic trace; Wherein, when the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the amplitude threshold factor is calculated by the following formula (2): （2）； in, The amplitude threshold factor is... x It is the sliding factor; In step S2, when a seismic trace has a large attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace is calculated according to formula (3): （3）； Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace can be calculated according to formula (4): （4）； in, Let f be the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t. Let f be the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. Let f be the median amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t. is the amplitude threshold factor.

2. The threshold amplitude-based noise suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, first calculate the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of the seismic trace, and then calculate the amplitude of each seismic trace within the median width according to the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, so as to obtain the median absolute difference of the seismic trace in the time t and frequency band f. The absolute difference of the median is calculated by the following formula (1): （1）； in, Let f be the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. To calculate the median for all traces within the median bandwidth of the time band f for a given seismic trace, Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t.

3. A threshold amplitude-based noise suppression system, implementing the threshold amplitude-based noise suppression method described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: The first calculation module is used to calculate the median absolute difference of a seismic trace selected from the original seismic record. The second calculation module is used to calculate the threshold amplitude of the seismic trace based on the median absolute difference and the amplitude threshold factor. The judgment module is used to determine whether the amplitude value of the seismic trace reaches the threshold amplitude. An attenuation processing module is used to attenuate the seismic trace according to the threshold amplitude. A seismic trace output module, which is used to output attenuated seismic traces; The noise suppression system further includes a third calculation module. When the amplitude value of a certain seismic trace is within the threshold amplitude range, the third calculation module calculates the amplitude threshold factor according to the following formula: ； in, The amplitude threshold factor is... x It is the sliding factor; When a seismic trace has a large attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module calculates the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace according to the following formula: ； Alternatively, when a seismic trace has a small attenuation amplitude, the second calculation module calculates the threshold amplitude of that seismic trace according to the following formula: ； in, Let f be the threshold amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t. Let f be the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. Let f be the median amplitude of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t. is the amplitude threshold factor.

4. The threshold amplitude-based noise suppression system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the time t and frequency band f of a selected seismic trace, the first calculation module includes: The first calculation unit is used to calculate the absolute difference between the median amplitudes of a certain seismic trace; The second calculation unit is used to calculate the amplitude of each seismic trace within the median width based on the absolute difference between the median amplitudes, and to obtain the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time t frequency band f. The absolute difference of the median is calculated by the following formula (1): ； in, Let f be the median absolute difference of a certain seismic trace in the time band f. To calculate the median for all traces within the median bandwidth of the time band f for a given seismic trace, Let f be the amplitude energy of a certain seismic trace in the frequency band f at time t.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and, The memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the threshold amplitude noise suppression method according to claim 1 or 2.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the threshold amplitude noise suppression method of claim 1 or 2.

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