A falling particle heat sink

Abstract

The application discloses a falling type particle heat absorber, which comprises a heat absorption chamber and a heat pipe assembly. The heat absorption chamber is internally provided with a heat absorption cavity, the top of the heat absorption chamber is provided with a falling opening for the falling particles to pass through and form a particle curtain, and the side of the heat absorption chamber is provided with an opening for light to pass through. The heat pipe assembly comprises a first heat exchange part and a second heat exchange part which are connected in communication, and the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part are internally provided with working medium cavities for the flow of phase change working medium; the first heat exchange part serves as an evaporation section of the heat pipe assembly, the second heat exchange part serves as a condensation section of the heat pipe assembly, the first heat exchange part is provided with a material passing inclined surface matched with the falling opening and used for the falling particles to pass through, the material passing inclined surface is located in the heat absorption cavity and is in a light irradiation area corresponding to the opening, and the second heat exchange part is located outside the heat absorption cavity. The application is used for solving the problems that the outlet temperature of the particle curtain is not uniform and it is difficult to reach the required working temperature in the prior art.

Description

A type of falling particle heat absorber Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar thermal power generation technology, and particularly relates to a falling particle heat absorber. Background Technology

[0002] Third-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) technology uses solid particles as the heat absorption and storage medium, offering advantages such as low cost and high heat absorption and storage temperature, further improving the power generation efficiency of the downstream turbine. One of its core technologies lies in the design of the particle heat receiver. Currently, many research institutions at home and abroad have conducted research and design on particle heat receivers with different structural forms. Among them, Sandia National Laboratories in the United States proposed a free-fall particle heat receiver and conducted MW-level demonstration project research.

[0003] The cavity-type free-fall heat absorber utilizes light to directly illuminate the freely falling particle curtain through an opening on one of its surfaces. Due to the inherent characteristics of the mirror field projection lighting design, the radiative energy flux density of the particle curtain becomes uneven. Specifically, the particles closer to the center of the opening receive a higher energy flux density, which can easily lead to overheating and sintering damage. Conversely, the particles on both sides of the opening receive a lower energy flux density, making it easier for them to fail to reach the required temperature. Consequently, the outlet temperature of the entire particle curtain is also uneven. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a falling particle heat absorber to solve the problem of uneven outlet temperature and difficulty in achieving the required operating temperature in the prior art of particle curtains.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0006] A falling particle heat absorber, comprising:

[0007] The heat absorption chamber has a heat absorption cavity inside, and the top of the heat absorption chamber has a drop opening for particles to fall through and form a particle curtain. The side of the heat absorption chamber has an opening for light to pass through.

[0008] A heat pipe assembly includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section that are connected to each other. Both the first heat exchange section and the second heat exchange section have working fluid chambers for the flow of phase change working fluid. The first heat exchange section serves as the evaporation section of the heat pipe assembly, and the second heat exchange section serves as the condensation section of the heat pipe assembly. The first heat exchange section has a feed ramp that cooperates with the drop opening for the falling particles to pass through. The feed ramp is located inside the heat absorption chamber and within the light-illuminated area corresponding to the opening. The second heat exchange section is located outside the heat absorption chamber.

[0009] In one embodiment, the inclination angle of the feed ramp is not less than the natural angle of repose of the particles.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first heat exchange section includes a material flow ramp, the material flow ramp being the surface of the material flow ramp facing the opening; or the first heat exchange section includes a plurality of material flow ramps arranged in a stepped manner, the material flow ramp being the surface of the material flow ramp facing the opening.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first heat exchange section further includes a side baffle, which is connected to one or both sides of the feed inclined plate, and the working fluid cavity of the side baffle is connected to the working fluid cavity of the feed inclined plate and the working fluid cavity of the second heat exchange section, respectively.

[0012] In one embodiment, the operating temperature range for the phase change working fluid to undergo a phase change is between the minimum and maximum operating temperatures that the particles are required to reach.

[0013] In one embodiment, the device further includes a feeding assembly, which includes a preheating chamber, a discharge connection, and a preheating guide.

[0014] The preheating chamber is provided with an inlet and an outlet for particles to enter and exit. The preheating chamber is provided with a preheating cavity. One end of the feeding connection is connected to the outlet of the preheating chamber and the other end is connected to the drop outlet of the heat absorption chamber. The preheating guide is provided with a guide cavity, which is connected to the preheating cavity. The preheating guide is provided with an air inlet connected to the guide cavity. The second heat exchange part extends into the guide cavity.

[0015] In one embodiment, the second heat exchange section includes a heat dissipation pipe extending into the flow guide cavity.

[0016] In one embodiment, the second heat exchange section further includes heat dissipation fins, which are disposed on the outer wall of the heat dissipation pipe and located within the flow guiding cavity.

[0017] In one embodiment, the feeding connection includes a feeder for uniformly distributing the particles flowing out of the preheating chamber to form a particle curtain in conjunction with the drop outlet of the heat absorption chamber.

[0018] In one embodiment, the feeding connection further includes a feeding hopper with one end connected to the outlet of the preheating chamber and the other end connected to the inlet of the material distributor.

[0019] In one embodiment, an air distributor is provided at the connection between the flow guiding cavity and the preheating cavity.

[0020] In one embodiment, the system further includes a waste heat recovery component, which includes a regenerator and a regenerator pipe. The regenerator is connected to the preheating chamber via the regenerator pipe, or the regenerator is connected to both the preheating chamber and the flow guiding chamber via the regenerator pipe.

[0021] Because the present invention adopts the above technical solution, it has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] The falling particle heat absorber provided by this invention

[0023] (1) The inclined surface of the feed has a certain blocking effect on the falling particles, which increases the time the particles stay on it, so that the particles can fully absorb heat in a relatively long time, achieve sufficient temperature rise, and reach the required temperature.

[0024] (2) The phase change working fluid will circulate repeatedly in the working fluid chambers of the first heat exchange section and the second heat exchange section to undergo phase change. That is, the phase change working fluid will absorb heat and evaporate in the first heat exchange section and transfer to the second heat exchange section, and then release heat and condense in the second heat exchange section and transfer back to the first heat exchange section. When the particles pass through the feed incline, they receive light and exchange heat with the phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber of the first heat exchange section. Specifically, the closer the particles are to the center of the light area corresponding to the opening, the more heat radiation they absorb. They can cool down by exchanging heat with the phase change working fluid here without overheating. The closer the particles are to the two sides of the light area corresponding to the opening, the less heat radiation they absorb. They can heat up by exchanging heat with the phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber here without underheating. That is, when the particles are on the feed incline, by exchanging heat with the phase change working fluid circulating in the working fluid chamber, the final outlet temperature can be uniform and the final outlet temperature can reach the required working temperature.

[0025] (3) During the falling flow of particles, gaps will appear. The inclined surface of the material can absorb and utilize the part of the radiant energy flow that passes through the gaps. While absorbing heat and raising the temperature, it prevents the radiation from being projected onto the equipment shell, which would result in excessive heat loss and reduced heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a falling particle heat absorber according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat absorption chamber according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first heat exchange section according to the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 1: Feed hopper; 2: Preheating chamber; 3: Discharge hopper; 4: Distributor; 5: Heat absorption chamber; 6: Heat dissipation pipe; 7: Connecting pipe; 8: Heat dissipation fins; 9: Material flow ramp; 10: Side baffle; 11: Sleeve; 12: Air inlet; 13: Air outlet; 14: Regenerator; 15: Drop outlet; 16: Opening. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0033] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown schematically in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, only one of components with the same structure or function is shown schematically, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" can mean not only "only one" but also "more than one".

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, this embodiment provides a falling particle heat absorber, including a heat absorption chamber 5 and a heat pipe assembly. The heat absorption chamber 5 has a heat absorption cavity inside, and the top of the heat absorption chamber 5 has a falling opening 15 for particles to fall through and form a particle curtain. The front surface of the heat absorption chamber 5 has an opening 16 for light to pass through.

[0036] The heat pipe assembly includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section that are connected to each other. Both the first heat exchange section and the second heat exchange section have working fluid chambers for the flow of phase change working fluid. The first heat exchange section serves as the evaporation section of the heat pipe assembly, and the second heat exchange section serves as the condensation section of the heat pipe assembly. The first heat exchange section has a feed ramp that cooperates with the drop port 15 for the falling particles to pass through. The feed ramp is located inside the heat absorption chamber and is within the light-illuminated area corresponding to the opening 16. The second heat exchange section is located outside the heat absorption chamber.

[0037] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the light radiation projected by the mirror field enters the heat absorption chamber through the opening 16, heating the particles inside. The first heat exchange section includes two side baffles 10 and multiple feed ramps 9, with the feed ramps being the surfaces of the feed ramps 9 facing the opening 16. The multiple feed ramps 9 are arranged in a stepped manner, and the inclination angle of the feed ramps needs to be no less than the natural angle of repose of the particles to ensure that the particles do not stagnate on the feed ramps and can flow smoothly and continuously downwards under the influence of gravity.

[0038] The inclined flow surface impedes the falling particles, ensuring they remain on it for a sufficient time, allowing them to absorb heat fully and achieve the required temperature rise. In this embodiment, multiple stepped inclined flow plates 9 make the particle flow trajectory more zigzag, resulting in a longer flow path and more thorough heat absorption. Furthermore, each of the stepped inclined flow plates 9 can be independently set with different inclination angles, allowing for flexible and effective control of particle temperature rise based on actual conditions. For example, in the central area with high light intensity, the inclination angle of some inclined flow plates 9 can be set relatively large, causing the particles flowing over their surface to move at a relatively faster speed, effectively preventing overheating. In other areas with lower light intensity (in this embodiment, there is only one row of inclined flow plates 9, so other areas with lower light intensity can be the areas where the inclined flow plates 9 are located, excluding the central part), the inclination angle of some inclined flow plates 9 can be set relatively small, causing the particles flowing over their surface to move at a relatively slower speed, effectively preventing underheating.

[0039] Side baffles 10 are connected to both sides of the feed ramp 9. Particles pass through the drop outlet 15 to form a curtain and fall onto the feed ramp. During the process of sliding down the feed ramp, the side baffles 10 on both sides of the feed ramp 9 can restrict the path of the particles to the feed ramp and prevent them from sliding off the plate surface.

[0040] In other embodiments, the number and arrangement of the side baffles 10 and the feed ramps 9 are not limited. For example, it may include only one feed ramp 9, with the feed ramp on the feed ramp 9 corresponding to the entire opening 16; or it may include only one side baffle 10; or it may include three side baffles 10, which are arranged side by side at intervals, and multiple feed ramps 9 arranged in a stepped manner are divided into two columns, respectively arranged in the two intervals formed by the three side baffles 10, etc.

[0041] All feed ramps 9 and side baffles 10 are provided with working fluid chambers. The working fluid chambers of all feed ramps 9 are connected to the working fluid chambers of the side baffles 10 on both sides, and the working fluid chambers of the side baffles 10 are connected to the working fluid chamber 8 of the second heat exchange section outside the heat absorption chamber 5. Of course, in other embodiments, only some feed ramps 9 may have working fluid chambers, or only one side baffle 10 may have a working fluid chamber, etc. There are no restrictions on the specific situation of the working fluid chambers in the feed ramps 9 and side baffles 10, or the connection method between them.

[0042] Since the feed ramp 9 and the side baffle 10 are located inside the heat absorption chamber 5, while the second heat exchange section is located outside the heat absorption chamber 5, a connecting pipe 7 can be provided that passes through the heat absorption chamber 5. The two ends of the connecting pipe 7 are respectively connected to the working fluid chamber of the side baffle 10 and the working fluid chamber of the second heat exchange section. Of course, in other embodiments, the working fluid chamber of the second heat exchange section can also be connected to the working fluid chamber of the feed ramp 9 and the working fluid chamber of the side baffle 10 in other ways. For example, a fluid channel for connecting the working fluid chamber of the side baffle 10 and the working fluid chamber of the second heat exchange section can be provided on the shell of the heat absorption chamber 5. No specific limitation is imposed.

[0043] Typically, due to the characteristics of light projection from the mirror field, particles closer to the center of the illumination area corresponding to the opening 16 receive more thermal radiation and are more prone to overheating and sintering damage. Particles closer to the sides of the illumination area corresponding to the opening 16 receive less thermal radiation and are more likely to fail to reach the required temperature, affecting energy utilization in subsequent stages. The heat pipe assembly is designed to solve this problem. When designing the heat pipe assembly, the operating temperature range for the phase change working fluid to undergo phase change is set between the minimum and maximum operating temperatures required by the particles. The phase change working fluid in the first heat exchange section can exchange heat with the particles through the feed ramp 9 itself and air as a medium. The phase change working fluid closer to the center of the working fluid cavity of the feed ramp 9 absorbs heat from the particles there, maintaining the particle temperature at the required level without becoming too high, and then heats up and vaporizes before transferring to the working fluid cavity of the side baffle 10. The phase change working fluid closer to the ends of the working fluid cavity of the feed ramp 9 transfers heat to the particles there, maintaining the particle temperature at the required level without becoming too low. The vaporized phase change working fluid flows upward through the working fluid chambers at both ends of the feed ramp 9, through the working fluid chamber of the side baffle 10, and along the connecting pipe 7 into the working fluid chamber of the second heat exchange section. There, it condenses and cools, liquefies, and flows back to the working fluid chamber of the first heat exchange section, repeating this cycle. In this way, the particles in the heat absorption chamber 5 exchange heat with the circulating phase change working fluid on the feed ramp 9, ensuring that the final outlet temperature reaches the required operating temperature and that the particle temperature at each outlet is uniform.

[0044] The phase change working fluid can be metal sodium, etc., and there are no restrictions here. The vaporization temperature of the phase change working fluid and the prevention of its transformation into a solid state can both be controlled by adjusting the gas pressure in the interconnected working fluid chambers throughout the heat pipe assembly.

[0045] In addition, gaps may appear during the falling and flowing of particles in the heat absorption chamber 5. The feed ramp 9 can absorb and utilize part of the radiant energy flow that passes through the gaps. While absorbing heat and raising the temperature, it prevents the radiation from being projected onto the equipment shell, which would result in excessive heat loss and reduced heat exchange efficiency.

[0046] The movement process of the particles in the falling particle heat absorber provided in this embodiment is as follows: the particles enter the heat absorption chamber of the heat absorption chamber 5 from the falling port 15 and fall as a particle curtain onto the feed ramp 9. During the entire process of falling in the heat absorption chamber, the particles absorb the radiant energy flow of light entering from the opening 16 and their temperature rises. Furthermore, the particles exchange heat with the phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber as they slide down the feed ramp, ensuring that the particles do not overheat or underheat. The temperature of the particles reaches the required operating temperature when they finally leave the heat absorption chamber. Due to the heat exchange with the phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber of the feed ramp, the temperature of all particles is more uniform when they finally leave the heat absorption chamber.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment provides a falling particle heat absorber, which adds a feeding component based on embodiment 1.

[0049] The feeding assembly includes a preheating chamber 2, a discharge connection part, and a preheating guide. The preheating chamber 2 is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the particles to enter and exit, and a preheating cavity is provided inside the preheating chamber 2. A feed hopper 1 is connected to the top of the preheating chamber 2, and the bottom outlet of the feed hopper 1 is connected to the inlet of the preheating chamber 2. The feed hopper 1 is designed to facilitate the feeding of particles.

[0050] One end of the feeding connection is connected to the outlet of the preheating chamber 2, and the other end is connected to the drop outlet 15 of the heat absorption chamber 5. The feeding connection includes a feeding hopper 3 and a distributor 4. The upper inlet of the feeding hopper 3 is connected to the outlet of the preheating chamber 2, and the lower outlet of the feeding hopper 3 is connected to the inlet of the distributor 4. The distributor 4 is used to evenly distribute the particles flowing out of the feeding hopper 3 to form a particle curtain with the drop outlet 15 of the heat absorption chamber 5.

[0051] The preheating guide component has a guide cavity that communicates with the preheating cavity. The preheating guide component has an air inlet 12 that communicates with the guide cavity. The second heat exchange section extends into the guide cavity. The phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber of the second heat exchange section exchanges heat with the air in the guide cavity, causing the air to heat up. The heated air enters the preheating cavity to preheat the particles in the preheating cavity.

[0052] Specifically, the second heat exchange section includes a heat dissipation pipe 6 extending into the flow guiding cavity. The space inside the heat dissipation pipe 6 can serve as a working fluid cavity, where the phase change working fluid flows. One end of the heat dissipation pipe 6 is closed, while the other end is connected to the working fluid cavity of the first heat exchange section. The preheating flow guiding component is a sleeve 11, which is sleeved outside the heat dissipation pipe 6. Its two ends are respectively connected to the outer wall of the preheating chamber 2 and the outer wall of the heat absorption chamber 5 through flanges. The outer walls of the preheating chamber 2 and the heat absorption chamber 5 seal both ends of the sleeve 11, thereby forming a flow guiding cavity inside the sleeve 11. An opening is provided at the connection between the sleeve 11 and the outer wall of the preheating chamber 2, allowing the flow guiding cavity and the preheating chamber to communicate. Of course, in other embodiments, the preheating flow guiding component and the second heat exchange section can also be other structures. For example, the preheating flow guiding component can still be a sleeve, but the end of the sleeve facing the heat absorption chamber 5 can be closed and connected to the outer wall of the heat dissipation pipe 6 but not to the outer wall of the heat absorption chamber 5. The air inlet can also be located on the closed surface of the sleeve at this location; therefore, there is no limitation here.

[0053] A blower can be installed at the connection between the guide cavity and the preheating cavity, so that the hot air coming out of the guide cavity can more easily form a blowing air, which is more conducive to fully preheating the particles in the preheating cavity.

[0054] Considering cost and convenience, air is generally introduced through air inlet 12 and used as the heat exchange gas for heat exchange of particles in the preheating chamber. However, in other embodiments, other gases can also be introduced through air inlet 12 as heat exchange gases, and there is no limitation here.

[0055] Heat dissipation fins 8 can be provided on the outer wall of heat dissipation pipe 6, and the heat dissipation fins 8 are located in the flow guide cavity. The provision of heat dissipation fins 8 can enhance heat exchange.

[0056] The falling particle heat absorber provided in this embodiment may further include a waste heat recovery component, which includes a regenerator 14 and a regenerator pipe. The regenerator 14 is connected to the preheating chamber and the flow guiding chamber through the regenerator pipe. Of course, in other embodiments, the regenerator 14 may also be connected to the preheating chamber only through the regenerator pipe.

[0057] Compared to the drop-type particle heat absorber in Embodiment 1, this embodiment, by incorporating a preheating chamber to preheat the particles, ensures that the final particle temperature reaches the required operating temperature with uniform temperature throughout, thanks to the cooperation of the heat absorber chamber and heat pipe assembly. This solves the problem of traditional structures failing to achieve the predetermined particle temperature. In other words, the presence of the preheating chamber lowers the minimum temperature requirement for the particles initially entering the drop-type particle heat absorber. Therefore, the drop-type particle heat absorber provided in this embodiment has a wider range of applications, and the particle temperature can be stably and effectively achieved.

[0058] The movement process of the particles in the falling particle heat absorber provided in this embodiment is as follows: the particles enter the preheating chamber of the preheating chamber 2 from the feed hopper 1. During the falling process in the preheating chamber, the particles exchange heat with the hot air blown out from the blow-off connector 14, thereby increasing their temperature. The particles leave from the outlet of the preheating chamber 2, pass through the feed hopper 3 and the distributor 4, and then enter the heat absorption chamber of the heat absorption chamber 5 through the drop outlet 15, forming a particle curtain that falls onto the feed ramp 9. During the entire falling process in the heat absorption chamber, the particles absorb the radiant energy flow of light entering from the opening 16, increasing their temperature. Furthermore, the particles exchange heat with the phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber during the sliding process on the feed ramp, ensuring that the particles do not overheat or underheat. The temperature of the particles reaches the required operating temperature when they finally leave the heat absorption chamber. Due to the heat exchange with the phase change working fluid in the working fluid chamber of the feed ramp, the temperature of all particles is more uniform when they finally leave the heat absorption chamber.

[0059] The movement process of the phase change working fluid in the falling particle heat absorber provided in this embodiment is as follows: the phase change working fluid exchanges heat with the particles on the feed inclined plate 9 in the working fluid cavity and vaporizes (the phase change working fluid absorbs the heat energy of the particles with a temperature higher than the phase change working fluid temperature to cool down the particles, and the phase change working fluid releases heat to the particles with a temperature lower than the phase change working fluid temperature to raise the temperature of the particles), flows into the heat dissipation pipe 6 through the connecting pipe 7, exchanges heat with the air outside the heat dissipation pipe 6 and inside the sleeve 11 and liquefies, and then flows back.

[0060] The movement process of air in the falling particle heat absorber provided in this embodiment is as follows: the air (which may be exhaust gas from other equipment) is preheated by the regenerator 14 and then enters the flow guide cavity through the air inlet 12. It then flows along the outer wall of the heat dissipation pipe 6 for heat exchange, absorbs the heat released by the phase change working fluid in the heat dissipation pipe 6 and is further heated. Then it enters the preheating chamber of the preheating chamber 2 through the connecting hole at the connection between the flow guide cavity and the preheating chamber, heats the particles in the preheating chamber and is discharged from the air outlet 13 at the top of the preheating chamber 2. Then it enters the regenerator 14, preheats the room temperature air and becomes preheated air for other uses.

[0061] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, if these changes fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A falling particle heat absorber, characterized in that, include: The heat absorption chamber includes a heat absorption cavity. The top of the heat absorption chamber has a drop opening for particles to fall through and form a particle curtain. The side of the heat absorption chamber has an opening for light to pass through. The heat pipe assembly includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section connected to each other. Both the first and second heat exchange sections have working fluid cavities for the flow of the phase change working fluid. The first heat exchange section serves as the evaporation section of the heat pipe assembly, and the second heat exchange section serves as the condensation section. The first heat exchange section has a feed ramp that mates with the drop opening for the falling particles to pass through. The feed ramp is located at... The heat absorption chamber is located within the light-illuminated area corresponding to the opening, and the second heat exchange section is located outside the heat absorption chamber. A feeding assembly includes a preheating chamber, a discharge connection, and a preheating guide. The preheating chamber has an inlet and an outlet for particles to enter and exit, and a preheating cavity is located within the preheating chamber. One end of the discharge connection is connected to the outlet of the preheating chamber, and the other end is connected to the drop outlet of the heat absorption chamber. The preheating guide has a guide cavity that communicates with the preheating chamber, and an air inlet communicating with the guide cavity is provided on the preheating guide. The second heat exchange section extends into the guide cavity.

2. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle of inclination of the feed ramp is not less than the natural angle of repose of the particles.

3. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first heat exchange section includes a material conveying inclined plate, and the material conveying inclined surface is the surface of the material conveying inclined plate facing the opening; or the first heat exchange section includes a plurality of material conveying inclined plates, the material conveying inclined plates are arranged in a stepped manner, and the material conveying inclined surface is the surface of the material conveying inclined plate facing the opening.

4. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first heat exchange section further includes a side baffle, which is connected to one or both sides of the feed inclined plate. The working fluid cavity of the side baffle is connected to the working fluid cavity of the feed inclined plate and the working fluid cavity of the second heat exchange section, respectively.

5. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that, The operating temperature range for the phase change working fluid to undergo phase change is between the minimum and maximum operating temperatures that the particles are required to reach.

6. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heat exchange section includes a heat dissipation pipe extending into the flow guide cavity.

7. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second heat exchange section further includes heat dissipation fins, which are disposed on the outer wall of the heat dissipation pipe and located inside the flow guide cavity.

8. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding connection includes a feeder, which is used to evenly distribute the particles flowing out of the preheating chamber to form a particle curtain in conjunction with the drop outlet of the heat absorption chamber.

9. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 8, characterized in that, The feeding connection also includes a feeding hopper with one end connected to the outlet of the preheating chamber and the other end connected to the inlet of the distributor.

10. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, A blower is provided at the connection between the flow guiding cavity and the preheating cavity.

11. The falling particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a waste heat recovery component, which includes a regenerator and a regenerator pipe. The regenerator is connected to the preheating chamber through the regenerator pipe, or the regenerator is connected to the preheating chamber and the flow guiding chamber through the regenerator pipe respectively.

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