High-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mine use and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of material technology, and particularly to a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mining and its preparation method. In this method, basalt fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber material and epoxy resin is used as the matrix material. Some inorganic particles are pre-adhered to the surface of the reinforcing fiber material, then impregnated with glue and cured, and the FRP bolt is prepared by the drawing and winding forming process. The process of the present invention is simple, and the technical purpose can be achieved only by simply modifying the existing process, and it is suitable for continuous production. By pre-adhering some inorganic particles on its surface, the present invention effectively improves the roughness of the surface of the basalt fiber yarn, and the surface potential increases, greatly enhancing the bonding force between the basalt fiber yarn and the epoxy resin interface, making the bolt not easily slide relative to the epoxy resin when stressed (especially torsion), and improving the anti-torsion performance, tensile strength and nut bearing capacity of the bolt product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of materials, and specifically to a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mine use and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing intensity of development and excavation of coal mine roadways, the support of roadways has become particularly important. In order to maintain the stability of coal mine roadways and prevent the surrounding rock from collapsing or deforming excessively, in the past, after the roadway was excavated, shed-type supports were mostly erected and integral stone supports were built to maintain the roadway. The disadvantages of these support methods are that they increase the excavation section, affect the excavation speed, and also result in relatively high material costs for blasting, transportation, support, etc. At the same time, in terms of the support effect, with a deep burial depth, cracks appear on the surface of the concrete, the roadway deforms, and the floor heave phenomenon is relatively serious, which cannot meet the requirements of safe production. In recent years, bolt-net-shotcrete support has been widely used in mines, which can significantly improve the stress state of the surrounding rock, effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, and improve the safety and reliability of support.

[0003] Currently, in mine support, metal materials are generally used for support materials. The support products used in the support field of coal mine roadways in China, such as metal bolts, metal cable bolts, and metal bolt nets, are relatively mature and are applied in major coal mines developed in the country. With the increase in the depth and intensity of underground coal mining, the support on both sides of the coal mining face has become increasingly complex. A metal bolt is a rod-shaped metal rod formed by fixing, cutting, and rounding a round steel through a machine, and then through a rolling thread process. If a metal bolt with a higher strength is used for support, during the coal mining process of the working face, when using a coal shearer to cut the coal seam, it is easy to generate sparks when encountering a metal bolt, which has a certain impact on operation safety; if it cannot be cut after coal mining, it needs to be taken out of the anchoring hole one by one, extending the construction time, which greatly affects the smooth progress of the working face. Moreover, the poor corrosion resistance of metal bolts may affect their own performance and reduce the support strength. Ordinary fiberglass bolts refer to rod-shaped products made of unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix material and glass fiber as the reinforcing material through a pultrusion process, which have the advantages of flame retardancy, antistatic performance, and easy cutting. However, the rod body torque of fiberglass bolts is low, and the bearing capacity of the tail nut is relatively poor, and it may not meet the use requirements in the support on the coal mining side in complex roadways. In addition, existing FRP material bolts generally have problems such as insufficient anti-torsion performance, tensile strength, and nut bearing capacity, which limit the application of FRP material bolts in the support of complex surrounding rocks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mining. This method uses basalt fiber as the reinforcing fiber material and epoxy resin as the matrix material. Some inorganic particles are pre-adhered on the surface of the reinforcing fiber material, then impregnated with glue and cured. The FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) bolt is formed by the drawing and winding process, which can effectively improve the torque and comprehensive mechanical properties of the bolt, and solve the technical problems such as insufficient anti-torsion performance, tensile strength and nut bearing capacity of the existing FRP bolts. The process of the present invention is simple, and the technical purpose can be achieved only by simple transformation of the existing process, and it is suitable for continuous production.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mining, which includes:

[0009] S1. Prepare the epoxy resin material and transfer it to the impregnation tank;

[0010] S2. Impregnation and preliminary forming

[0011] Under the traction of the traction machine, several basalt fiber yarns are successively passed through the yarn guide plate, the glue spraying and powder spraying device, the preforming plate, the impregnation tank, the mold, the winding device, the preheating device, the unwinding device, the oven, the air-cooling area, and the water-cooling area;

[0012] Among them, the glue spraying and powder spraying device first sprays the glue liquid on the surface of the basalt fiber yarn and then sprays the inorganic particles with an average particle size not exceeding 500μm, so that the inorganic particles are dispersed and adhered to the surface of the basalt fiber yarn; the preforming plate divides the basalt fiber yarn into a central yarn bundle and an outer yarn surrounding the central yarn bundle, and the basalt fiber yarns in the central yarn bundle are close to each other;

[0013] The central yarn bundle and the outer yarn are impregnated with the resin material after passing through the impregnation tank, and are extruded and shaped by the mold to obtain a rod-shaped structure; the rod-shaped structure passes through the winding device at a constant speed under the action of the traction machine, and the winding device evenly cuts threads on the rod-shaped structure with a tension of 15-25 Mpa of the polyester winding thread; under the traction force, the rod-shaped structure is preheated by the preheating device for preliminary forming, and then the polyester winding thread on the rod-shaped structure is removed by the unwinding device;

[0014] S3. Curing crosslinking

[0015] Set multiple temperature zones in the oven for high-temperature cross-linking curing. The oven temperature is 340 - 200 °C, and the temperature decreases successively along the traction direction; the rod-shaped structure is subjected to high-temperature treatment in the oven to enable the resin material to fully cross-link and react to improve the curing strength; after being treated in the air-cooling zone and the water-cooling zone, it is cut into semi-finished products.

[0016] S4. Trimming

[0017] Use a thread trimming machine to trim the threaded part of the semi-finished product, and perform chamfering on one end of the semi-finished product.

[0018] S5. Surface treatment

[0019] After sandblasting the surface of the semi-finished product, apply a fireproof coating. After drying for 10 - 20 minutes, immerse it in an antistatic liquid to obtain the finished bolt, and then package it.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, weigh epoxy resin, curing agent, accelerator, and filler according to the formula. Place the epoxy resin in a blender and stir at a low speed of 100 - 200 r / min. While stirring, add the epoxy resin curing agent and epoxy resin accelerator and stir. Finally, add the filler and increase the stirring speed to 600 - 700 r / min for sufficient stirring to obtain the epoxy resin material. Preferably, the stirring temperature is controlled at about 25 °C, and the total stirring time is 14 - 16 minutes after all the ingredients are added; if the temperature in summer exceeds 30 °C, the stirring time is reduced to 11 - 13 minutes; when the temperature in winter is lower than 15 °C, the stirring time is extended to 20 - 22 minutes.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the resin material formula is: 120 - 130 parts by mass of epoxy resin, 100 - 110 parts by mass of epoxy resin curing agent, 6 - 8 parts by mass of epoxy resin accelerator, 10 - 12 parts by mass of filler; the filler includes calcined kaolin and aluminum hydroxide.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 5000 - 6000 mPa·S, and preferably AF4311A epoxy resin is used; the viscosity of the epoxy resin curing agent is 40 - 80 mPa·S, and preferably AF4311B epoxy resin curing agent; the epoxy resin accelerator is an anhydride, and preferably AF4311C epoxy resin accelerator.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the basalt fiber yarn is basalt fiber roving, the fiber diameter is 17 ± 2 μm, the tensile strength is ≥ 0.4 N / tex, and the linear density is 4800 - 5000 tex; the number of yarns is 105 - 112, among which the central yarn bundle is 76 - 80, and the outer yarn is 29 - 32; the thickness of the polyester winding thread is 5000D - 8000D.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the adhesive liquid is an epoxy resin adhesive liquid, and the inorganic particles are hard inorganic particles with a Mohs hardness of 2-8, preferably 5-6; the inorganic particles are any one or a combination of short glass fibers, short basalt fibers, short carbon fibers, silica powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium oxide powder, barium sulfate powder. Preferably, the spraying density of the hard inorganic particles is 1-15 g / m per basalt fiber roving. The spraying amount should not be too large, otherwise it will affect the bonding force between the basalt fiber yarn and the epoxy resin. If the spraying amount is too small, it will not significantly enhance the torsional moment resistance and tensile strength of the bolt.

[0025] Preferably, the particle size lengths of short glass fibers, short basalt fibers, short carbon fibers, etc. are 30-300 μm, and the aspect ratio is 5-30; the particle sizes of inorganic particles such as silica powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium oxide powder, barium sulfate powder are 0.1-5 μm.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the traction speed of the traction machine is set to 0.95 m - 1.10 / min, and the winding frequency of the winding device is 1.2 - 1.4 HZ; a 4-way longitudinal winding method is adopted to wind the rod-shaped structure, and the unwinding speed of the unwinding device is 100 - 102 R / min.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, eight temperature zones are set in the oven for high-temperature crosslinking and curing. In the traction direction, they are Zone 1 at 340 - 350 °C, Zone 2 at 300 - 310 °C, Zone 3 at 250 - 260 °C, Zone 4 at 240 - 250 °C, Zone 5 at 230 - 240 °C, Zone 6 at 220 - 230 °C, Zone 7 at 210 - 220 °C, and Zone 8 at 200 - 210 °C; the heating time in the oven is 5 min - 8 min.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, the coating thickness of the fireproof coating reaches 0.05 - 0.1 mm, and the impregnation thickness of the antistatic liquid is 0.05 - 0.1 mm. The fireproof coating and the antistatic liquid can be commercially available products.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mining use prepared by the method of any of the above embodiments.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present invention further relates to a production line for preparing a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mining use, which includes: a yarn rack, a glue spraying and powder spreading device, a preformed plate, an impregnating tank, a mold, a winding device, a preheating device, an unwinding device, an oven, an air-cooling zone, a water-cooling zone, a shearing machine, and a traction device;

[0031] Among them, the yarn rack is used to sequentially place basalt fiber yarns, and a yarn guide plate is provided on the yarn rack; the basalt fiber yarns pass through the yarn guide plate; the glue spraying and powder sprinkling device includes a glue storage tank, a glue liquid nozzle, a powder storage tank and an inorganic particle nozzle; the glue spraying and powder sprinkling device first sprays glue liquid on the surface of the basalt fiber yarns and then sprays inorganic particles with an average particle size not exceeding 500 μm, so that the inorganic particles are dispersedly adhered to the surface of the basalt fiber yarns; the preformed plate divides the basalt fiber yarns into a central yarn bundle and peripheral yarns surrounding the central yarn bundle, and the basalt fiber yarns in the central yarn bundle are closely adjacent to each other; the dipping tank is used to hold the resin material, and a dipping pressure roller is provided in the dipping tank. The dipping pressure roller is immersed below the liquid level of the resin material and is used to support the basalt fiber yarns to be impregnated with the resin material in the dipping tank; the mold is used to converge and squeeze and shape the central yarn bundle and the peripheral yarns impregnated with the resin material to obtain a rod-shaped structure; the winding device winds the polyester winding thread on the rod-shaped structure at an equal pitch with a tension of 15-25 Mpa to form threads; the preheating device preheats the rod-shaped structure at a temperature not exceeding 120 °C; the unwinding device unwinds the polyester winding thread on the preheated rod-shaped structure; the oven provides high-temperature baking for the rod-shaped structure to promote the full cross-linking and curing of the epoxy resin material in the rod-shaped structure; the air-cooling area includes a blower, and the water-cooling area includes a water bath tank, which are used to cool the rod-shaped structure after cross-linking and curing, and the shearing machine cuts it according to a predetermined length to obtain a preliminary product of the anchor rod.

[0032] (3) Beneficial effects

[0033] (1) In the present invention, basalt fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber material and epoxy resin is used as the matrix material. Some inorganic particles are pre-adhered on the surface of the reinforcing fiber material and then impregnated and cured. The FRP anchor rod is prepared by the drawing and winding forming process. The surface of the basalt fiber is relatively smooth (low surface energy). If rough surfaces are formed by etching or other methods, the strength of the basalt will deteriorate. Therefore, in the present invention, by pre-adhering some inorganic particles on its surface, the roughness of the surface of the basalt fiber yarn is effectively improved, and the surface potential increases, greatly enhancing the bonding force between the basalt fiber yarn and the epoxy resin interface, making it not easy for the anchor rod to slide relative to the epoxy resin when stressed (especially torsion), and improving the anti-torsion performance, tensile strength and nut bearing capacity of the anchor rod product.

[0034] (2) The inorganic particles used in the present invention preferably include two types. One is short fibers (with a certain aspect ratio), and the other is inorganic powder. Among them, the short fibers include glass fiber short fibers, basalt short fibers, or carbon fiber short fibers; the inorganic powder is silica powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium oxide powder, or barium sulfate powder. The two forms of inorganic particles are used in combination to further improve the mechanical strength of the bolt product, and have a more obvious strengthening and toughening effect. A number of cross-linking points are formed between adjacent basalt fiber yarns of the short fibers, which can prevent the relative sliding of the basalt fiber yarns. Moreover, during the strong tensile process of the bolt, a stress concentration effect exists around the inorganic particles, which stimulates the generation of crazes around. At the same time, the matrix between the inorganic particles generates a yield strength to absorb a certain amount of deformation work, thereby producing a toughening effect. Preferably, the basalt fiber yarns can be pre-surface modified with a coupling agent or the like before being put into use, which can further improve the anti-torsion performance and tensile strength of the bolt product.

[0035] (3) Aluminum hydroxide is added to the formula of the epoxy resin material. As a flame retardant, aluminum hydroxide can not only retard fire, but also prevent smoke generation, does not produce dripping substances, and does not produce toxic gases. It has good flame retardant effect, low cost, and can improve the arc resistance of the material, enhance the impact strength and bending strength. In the present invention, eight temperature zones are set in the oven to promote the gradual and sufficient cross-linking and curing of the epoxy resin material. Then, through thread trimming treatment, chamfering treatment, surface coating with fireproof paint, impregnation with antistatic liquid, etc., the bolt product is manufactured. This bolt product can overcome the problems of low torque and poor low bearing capacity of traditional composite material bolts. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the production line of the non-metallic composite material bolt of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0037] In order to better explain the present invention for easy understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings through specific embodiments.

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, it is a production line for preparing a high-performance non-metallic composite material bolt for mining use in the present invention, which sequentially includes according to the traction method: a yarn stand 1, a glue spraying and powder sprinkling device 2, a preforming plate 3, an impregnation tank 4, a mold 5, a winding device 6, a preheating device 7, a unwinding device 8, an oven 9, an air cooling area 10, a water cooling area 11, a shearing machine 12, and a traction device.

[0039] During the production process, the basalt fiber yarns are placed on the yarn rack 1 in sequence. When threading the yarns, first pass the yarns through the yarn guide plates 11 on the yarn rack in sequence, and then pass through the corresponding glue spraying and powder sprinkling device 2, preforming plate 3, dipping tank 4, mold 5, winding device 6, preheating device 7, unwinding device 8, oven 9, air cooling area 10, water cooling area 11, shearing machine 12 and traction equipment in sequence. Under the traction force of the traction equipment, it moves continuously and uniformly in the aforementioned direction.

[0040] Among them, the glue spraying and powder sprinkling device 12 includes a glue storage tank, a glue liquid nozzle, a powder storage tank and an inorganic particle nozzle. The glue spraying and powder sprinkling device 12 is used to first spray glue liquid on the surface of the basalt fiber yarn passing below it and then sprinkle inorganic particles with an average particle size not exceeding 500 μm, so that the inorganic particles are dispersed and adhered to the surface of the basalt fiber yarn. The preforming plate 3 divides the basalt fiber yarns into a central yarn bundle and peripheral yarns surrounding the central yarn bundle. The basalt fiber yarns in the central yarn bundle are close to each other to form a bundle. The dipping tank 4 is used to contain the resin material. There is a dipping pressure roller 41 in the dipping tank, which is immersed below the liquid level of the resin material and is used to support the basalt fiber yarns to be fully saturated with the impregnating resin material. The mold 5 has a hollow conical structure, and supports the basalt fiber yarns to pass through the hollow conical structure, and is used to converge and extrude and shape the central yarn bundle and peripheral yarns impregnated with the resin material into a rod-shaped structure, and extrude the excess epoxy resin material. The winding device 6 is used to wind the 5000D - 8000D polyester winding wire on the rod-shaped structure at an equal pitch with a tension of 15 - 25 Mpa to form threads, and then extrude some epoxy resin material. After the rod-shaped structure enters the preheating device 7, it is preheated at a temperature not exceeding 120 °C for 3 - 5 min, comes out of the preheating device 7, and comes to the lower part of the unwinding device. The unwinding device unwinds the polyester winding wire on the rod-shaped structure. Under the action of the migration force, the rod-shaped structure enters the oven, and is subjected to high-temperature baking and curing for 5 - 8 min in 8 temperature zones in the oven, is cooled by the air cooling area after coming out, and then enters the water bath tank / spray nozzle for water cooling, and is cut into the initial product of the anchor rod by the shearing machine according to a predetermined length.

[0041] Among them, the number of yarns of the basalt fiber yarn is 105 - 11. For example, for an anchor rod with a diameter of 22 mm, the total number of yarns is divided into a central yarn and peripheral yarns. Among them, 79 - 80 fiber yarns with a linear density of 4800 tex are selected for the central yarn, and a total of 29 - 32 fiber yarns with a linear density of 4800 tex are selected for the peripheral yarns.

[0042] The following describes the solution and effect of the present invention in combination with the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments use Figure 1 the shown production line for production, and produce anchor rods with a diameter of 22 mm.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The preparation method of the high-performance non-metallic composite material anchor rod for mines in this embodiment is as follows:

[0045] (1) Weigh 120 parts of AF4311A epoxy resin, 100 parts of AF4311B epoxy resin curing agent, and 6 parts of AF4311C epoxy resin accelerator by mass, 10 parts of calcined kaolin, and 2 parts of aluminum hydroxide. The batching method is as follows: Weigh the epoxy resin and place it in the batching bucket, place it under the mixer and stir at a low speed of 150 r / min for 3 min, then add the epoxy resin curing agent and epoxy resin accelerator into the batching bucket and stir for 3 min. After that, add the calcined kaolin and aluminum hydroxide, increase the stirring speed to 680 r / min, control the stirring temperature at about 25 °C, and stir for a total of 15 minutes. Transfer the stirred epoxy resin material to the dipping tank.

[0046] (2) Use the Figure 1 shown production line for production. After the spraying glue and powder spraying device atomizes and sprays the epoxy resin glue liquid on the surface of the basalt fiber yarn, then spray the inorganic particles at a density of 3.5 g / m per yarn. The inorganic particles are composed of chopped glass fibers and silica powder mixed in a ratio of 1:1. The length of the chopped glass fibers is 50 - 100 μm, the aspect ratio is 5 - 30:1, and the particle size of the silica powder is 0.1 - 1 μm.

[0047] The central yarn bundle consists of 80 fiber yarns with a linear density of 4800 tex, and the peripheral yarns in total consist of 30 fiber yarns with a linear density of 4800 tex. The winding device winds the 5000D polyester winding thread on the rod-shaped structure at a tension of 15 Mpa to form threads at equal intervals.

[0048] (3) The oven temperature is as follows:

[0049] Table 1 Production temperature of the oven for flame-retardant anchor bolts

[0050] Temperature zone Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Temperature (°C) 340-350 300-310 250-260 240-250 Temperature zone Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Temperature (°C) 230-240 220-230 210-220 200-210

[0051] (4) Use a thread finishing machine to trim the thread part of the initial product and perform chamfering on one end of the initial product.

[0052] (5) Coat the surface of the initial product with a fireproof coating (the coating thickness reaches 0.05 - 0.1 mm). After the entire surface coating is completed, wait for 10 minutes and then immerse it in the antistatic liquid. The fireproof coating uses g60 - 3 flame-retardant cable fireproof coating, and the antistatic liquid is GW 8009.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is that the AF4311C epoxy resin accelerator in the epoxy resin material in Example 1 is increased by 7 parts. Other conditions and treatments are the same as those in Example 1.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is that the AF4311C epoxy resin accelerator in the epoxy resin material in Example 1 is increased by 8 parts. Other conditions and treatments are the same as those in Example 1.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is only that: in step (2), the inorganic particles are pure silicon oxide powder. The particle size of the silicon oxide powder is 0.1 - 1 μm.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is only that: in step (2), the inorganic particles are sprayed at a density of 5.5 g / m per yarn, and the inorganic particles are composed of a 1:1 mixture of short carbon fiber and silicon oxide powder. The length of the short carbon fiber is 50 - 80 μm, the aspect ratio is 5 - 20:1, and the particle size of the silicon oxide powder is 0.1 - 1 μm.

[0061] Example 6

[0062] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is only that: in step (2), the inorganic particles are composed of a 1:1 mixture of short glass fiber and silicon oxide powder. The length of the short glass fiber is 30 - 50 μm, the aspect ratio is 5 - 10:1, and the particle size of the silicon oxide powder is 0.1 - 1 μm.

[0063] Example 7

[0064] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is only that: in step (2), the inorganic particles are sprayed at a density of 9 g / m per yarn, and the inorganic particles are composed of a 1:1 mixture of short carbon fiber and silicon oxide powder. The length of the short carbon fiber is 50 - 80 μm, the aspect ratio is 5 - 20:1, and the particle size of the silicon oxide powder is 0.1 - 1 μm.

[0065] Example 8

[0066] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 7 is only that: in step (2), the inorganic particles are sprayed at a density of 12 g / m per yarn.

[0067] Example 9

[0068] The difference between the preparation method of this example and that of Example 1 is only that: in step (2), the central yarn bundle is composed of 76 fiber yarns with a linear density of 4800 tex, and the peripheral yarns are composed of a total of 32 fiber yarns with a linear density of 4800 tex.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] The comparative example is based on Example 1, where the glue spraying and powder sprinkling devices are not turned on, causing them to stop working.

[0071] The bolt products of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for various properties, and the test results are as follows:

[0072] Table 2

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] The bolt products of the above Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for flame retardancy. The flaming combustion time of 6 specimens was less than 30 s, and that of a single specimen was less than 15 s. It fully meets the flame retardancy requirements specified in MT / T 1061-2008. The antistatic property (Ω) is about 2.5×10 8 , and all meet the requirement of antistatic property (Ω) ≤ 3×10 8 .

[0076] From the test results in Table 1, it shows that the performance indicators of the examples far exceed the standard values, especially the tensile strength and torque far exceed the indicators.

[0077] Comparing Examples 1-9 with Comparative Example 1, when the reinforcing fibers and epoxy resin materials are the same, the mechanical properties of the bolt products in the examples are all superior to those in Comparative Example 1. This shows that adhering a certain amount of inorganic particles before impregnating the basalt fiber yarn helps to improve the mechanical properties of the bolt products. Comparing Example 4 with Example 1, if the inorganic particles are composed of a mixture of inorganic short fibers and powder, its technical effect is better than that of using only inorganic powder. Comparing Example 6 with Example 1, it can be seen that when the length of the short fibers is small and the aspect ratio is small, the product performance decreases relatively. This may be because the too-short short fibers are not conducive to forming more cross-linked structures between the basalt fiber bundles. Example 7 uses more inorganic particles than Example 1 and achieves better technical effects, but the performance of the bolt product in Example 8 is worse than that in Example 7. This shows that too much adhesion of inorganic particles is not conducive to improving the torsional resistance and tensile strength of the bolt products.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mine use, characterized in that It includes: S1. Prepare epoxy resin material and transfer it to the dipping tank. S2. Dipping and preliminary forming Under the traction of the traction machine, several basalt fiber yarns are sequentially passed through the yarn guide plate, glue spraying and powder sprinkling device, preforming plate, dipping tank, mold, winding device, preheating device, unwinding device, oven, air-cooling area, and water-cooling area. Among them, the glue spraying and powder sprinkling device first sprays glue liquid on the surface of the basalt fiber yarn and then sprays inorganic particles with an average particle size not exceeding 500 μm, so that the inorganic particles are dispersed and adhered to the surface of the basalt fiber yarn; the preforming plate divides the basalt fiber yarn into a central yarn bundle and peripheral yarns surrounding the central yarn bundle, and the basalt fiber yarns in the central yarn bundle are close to each other; the inorganic particles are any one or a combination of several of glass fiber short fibers, basalt short fibers, carbon fiber short fibers, silica powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium oxide powder, and barium sulfate powder. The central yarn bundle and the peripheral yarns are impregnated with the resin material after passing through the dipping tank, and a rod-shaped structure is obtained after being extruded and shaped by the mold; the rod-shaped structure passes through the winding device at a constant speed under the action of the traction machine, and the winding device winds the polyester winding thread on the rod-shaped structure at a tension of 15-25 Mpa at equal intervals to form threads; under the action of the traction force, the rod-shaped structure is preliminarily formed by preheating treatment of the preheating device, and then the polyester winding thread on the rod-shaped structure is removed by the unwinding device. S3. Curing and crosslinking Set multiple temperature zones in the oven for high-temperature crosslinking curing, the oven temperature is 340-200 °C, and the temperature decreases sequentially along the traction direction; the rod-shaped structure undergoes high-temperature treatment in the oven to make the resin material fully crosslink and react to improve the curing strength; after being treated by the air-cooling area and the water-cooling area, it is cut into initial products. S4. Trimming Use a thread trimming machine to trim the thread part of the initial product and perform chamfering treatment on one end of the initial product. S5. Surface treatment After sandblasting the surface of the initial product, then apply a fireproof coating, dry for 10-20 min, and then immerse it in an antistatic liquid to obtain the finished bolt and package it.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In S1, weigh epoxy resin, curing agent, accelerator, and filler according to the formula, place the epoxy resin in a mixer and stir at a low speed of 100-200 r / min, add the epoxy resin curing agent and epoxy resin accelerator while stirring, and finally add the filler and increase the stirring speed to 600-700 r / min for sufficient stirring to obtain the epoxy resin material. The resin material formula is: 120-130 parts by mass of epoxy resin, 100-110 parts by mass of epoxy resin curing agent, 6-8 parts by mass of epoxy resin accelerator, and 10-12 parts by mass of filler; the filler includes calcined kaolin and aluminum hydroxide.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viscosity of the epoxy resin is 5000-6000 mPa·S, the viscosity of the epoxy resin curing agent is 40-80 mPa·S, and the epoxy resin accelerator is an acid anhydride.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, In S2, the basalt fiber yarn is a basalt fiber roving. The fiber diameter is 17 ± 2 μm, the tensile strength is ≥ 0.4 N / tex, and the linear density is 4800 - 5000 tex; the number of yarns is 105 - 112, among which the central yarn bundle is 76 - 80, and the peripheral yarns are 29 - 32; the thickness of the polyester winding thread is 5000D - 8000D.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In S2, in the glue spraying and powder scattering device, the glue solution is an epoxy resin glue solution, and the inorganic particles are hard inorganic particles with a Mohs hardness of 2 - 8.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size lengths of the glass fiber staple fiber, basalt staple fiber, and carbon fiber staple fiber are 30 - 300 μm, and the aspect ratio is 5 - 30; the particle sizes of the silica powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium oxide powder, and barium sulfate powder are 0.1 - 5 μm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, eight temperature zones are set in the oven for high-temperature crosslinking and curing. In the traction direction, they are Zone 1 at 340 - 350 °C, Zone 2 at 300 - 310 °C, Zone 3 at 250 - 260 °C, Zone 4 at 240 - 250 °C, Zone 5 at 230 - 240 °C, Zone 6 at 220 - 230 °C, Zone 7 at 210 - 220 °C, and Zone 8 at 200 - 210 °C; the heating time in the oven is 5 min - 8 min.

8. A high-performance non-metallic composite bolt for mine use, characterized in that, Prepared by using the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 - 7.

9. A production line for preparing high-performance non-metallic composite bolts for mine use by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes: a yarn rack, a glue spraying and powder scattering device, a preformed plate, an impregnating tank, a mold, a winding device, a preheating device, a unwinding device, an oven, an air-cooling zone, a water-cooling zone, a shearing machine, and a traction device; Among them, the yarn rack is used to sequentially place the basalt fiber yarns, and a yarn guide plate is provided on the yarn rack; the basalt fiber yarns pass through the yarn guide plate; the glue spraying and powder scattering device includes a glue storage tank, a glue solution nozzle, a powder storage tank, and an inorganic particle nozzle; the glue spraying and powder scattering device first sprays the glue solution on the surface of the basalt fiber yarns and then sprays inorganic particles with an average particle size not exceeding 500 μm, so that the inorganic particles are dispersedly contaminated on the surface of the basalt fiber yarns; the preformed plate divides the basalt fiber yarns into a central yarn bundle and peripheral yarns surrounding the central yarn bundle, and the basalt fiber yarns in the central yarn bundle are closely adjacent to each other; the impregnating tank is used to hold the resin material, and an impregnating pressure roller is provided in the impregnating tank. The impregnating pressure roller is immersed below the liquid level of the resin material and is used to support the basalt fiber yarns to impregnate the resin material in the impregnating tank; the mold is used to converge and extrude and shape the central yarn bundle and peripheral yarns impregnated with the resin material into a rod-shaped structure; the winding device winds the polyester winding thread on the rod-shaped structure at an equal pitch with a tension of 15 - 25 Mpa to form threads; the preheating device preheats the rod-shaped structure at a temperature not exceeding 120 °C; the unwinding device unwinds the polyester winding thread on the preheated rod-shaped structure; the oven provides high-temperature baking for the rod-shaped structure to promote the full crosslinking and curing of the epoxy resin material in the rod-shaped structure; the air-cooling zone includes a fan, and the water-cooling zone includes a water bath tank, which are used to cool the crosslinked and cured rod-shaped structure, and the shearing machine cuts it according to a predetermined length to obtain the initial product of the anchor rod.

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