Refrigerant evenly distributed vertical header assembly, microchannel heat exchanger, and heat pump system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vertical header assembly for equal refrigerant distribution, a microchannel heat exchanger, and a heat pump system. A vertical header assembly for equal refrigerant distribution includes a lower vertical header, an upper vertical header, a fixed center uniform orifice plate, and microchannel flat tubes; the lower vertical header is connected to the upper vertical header, and the fixed center uniform orifice plate is fixed to the bottom of the upper vertical header; a plurality of microchannel flat tubes are vertically inserted into the sidewall of the upper vertical header; an internal plug-in is provided in the upper vertical header, and the internal plug-in includes a central solid cylinder, a plurality of vertical partitions, and a plurality of horizontal orifice plates. The present invention provides a vertical header assembly for equal refrigerant distribution, which can achieve equal refrigerant distribution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant, a microchannel heat exchanger and a heat pump system. Background Art

[0002] Heat exchangers are a crucial component of heat pump systems. Throughout the year, heat pump systems operate under cooling and heating conditions. Cooling conditions include rated cooling, intermediate cooling, and minimum cooling; heating conditions include rated heating, intermediate heating, and minimum heating.

[0003] During summer cooling operation, the indoor heat exchanger functions as an evaporator; during winter heating operation, the outdoor heat exchanger functions as an evaporator. When the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, its inlet is filled with two-phase refrigerant, which is gas-liquid. Distributing this two-phase refrigerant to each branch or channel presents a serious problem of uneven distribution. Some channels contain less liquid refrigerant, resulting in "dry evaporation," while others contain more liquid, resulting in "liquid carryover." This "dry evaporation" prevents full utilization of the heat exchange area, while "liquid carryover" causes system fluctuations, severely degrading system performance.

[0004] Microchannel heat exchangers (MCHEs) are widely used in heat pump systems due to their excellent heat transfer performance, low charge volume, and low cost. They primarily consist of a header and microchannel flat tubes, which distribute the two-phase refrigerant to the tubes. Heat exchangers are typically placed vertically to address drainage and frost issues. However, the two-phase refrigerant within the vertical header is susceptible to severe maldistribution due to the combined effects of gravity and phase separation, significantly degrading system performance.

[0005] In addition, the mass flow rate of the two-phase refrigerant at the evaporator inlet is different under rated operating conditions, intermediate operating conditions, and minimum operating conditions, resulting in different distribution characteristics. For example, under rated operating conditions, due to the large mass flow rate of the inlet two-phase refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant is more likely to rush to the top of the microchannel heat exchanger, resulting in more liquid refrigerant in the upper channel and more gaseous refrigerant in the lower channel; while under minimum operating conditions, the inlet mass flow rate is small, and the liquid refrigerant easily enters the lower channel under the influence of gravity, while the gaseous refrigerant in the upper channel is more. Therefore, it is necessary to design a microchannel heat exchanger that can achieve uniform refrigerant distribution under different operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant, which can achieve even distribution of refrigerant.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant, the characteristics of which are:

[0009] It includes a lower vertical header, an upper vertical header, a fixed center uniform orifice plate, and a microchannel flat tube;

[0010] The lower vertical header is connected to the upper vertical header, and a fixed central uniform orifice plate is fixed to the bottom of the upper vertical header; a plurality of microchannel flat tubes are vertically inserted into the side wall of the upper vertical header;

[0011] An internal plug-in is provided within the upper vertical header, comprising a central solid cylinder, a plurality of vertical baffles, and a plurality of horizontal orifice plates. A gap exists between the bottom surface of the central solid cylinder and the fixed central uniform orifice plate. The central solid cylinder is located at the center of the upper vertical header, and the vertical baffles are evenly distributed radially along the sidewalls of the central solid cylinder. The two vertical baffles closest to the microchannel flat tubes are the starting vertical baffle and the ending vertical baffle, respectively. The height of the vertical baffles gradually increases from the starting vertical baffle to the ending vertical baffle.

[0012] A fluid channel is formed between two adjacent vertical partitions. A horizontal orifice plate is correspondingly set on the top of each vertical partition. Each vertical partition, its corresponding horizontal orifice plate and the end vertical partition enclose an independent cavity. Each cavity is connected to a microchannel flat tube.

[0013] 1 to 5 holes are opened on the fixed center uniform orifice plate, and the diameter of the middle solid cylinder must be larger than the distance l from the outer edge of the hole in the fixed center uniform orifice plate.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a first central uniform orifice plate, which is located between the lower vertical header and the upper vertical header, and the upper and lower ends of the first central uniform orifice plate are respectively connected to the upper vertical header and the lower vertical header by threads, and the first central uniform orifice plate is in contact with the fixed central uniform orifice plate;

[0015] A central hole is opened in the center of the fixed central uniform orifice plate, and 1 to 4 holes are arranged on the periphery of the central hole. The through holes on the first central uniform orifice plate are completely the same as the opening pattern of the first central uniform orifice plate.

[0016] When the first central uniform orifice plate rotates relative to the fixed central uniform orifice plate, the area of ​​overlap between the through holes of the first central uniform orifice plate and the through holes of the fixed central uniform orifice plate changes, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the gas-liquid phase and achieving uniform distribution under different working conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, the horizontal orifice plate comprises a solid area and a flow area, and the solid area and its corresponding vertical partition plate enclose an independent cavity.

[0018] Furthermore, a small hole flow area is provided on the solid area of ​​the horizontal orifice plate, and each fluid channel corresponds to a small hole flow area.

[0019] Furthermore, the fixed central uniform orifice plate is fixed to the bottom of the upper vertical header by brazing.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes an external gear and a drive motor; the outer wall of the first central uniform orifice plate is provided with teeth, which are engaged with the external gear, and the drive motor drives the external gear to rotate, thereby driving the first central uniform orifice plate to rotate.

[0021] The external gear and drive motor achieve uniform distribution under different operating conditions of the heat pump system. By adjusting the first central uniform orifice plate through the external gear and drive motor, the flow area of ​​the first central uniform orifice plate overlaps with the solid area of ​​the fixed central uniform orifice plate, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the gas and liquid phases and achieving uniform distribution under different operating conditions.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a microchannel heat exchanger, which is special in that:

[0023] The system comprises the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, a refrigerant inlet pipe, a refrigerant outlet vertical header, a refrigerant outlet pipe, a water-side inlet pipe, a water-side inlet vertical header, a water-side outlet vertical header, a water-side outlet pipe, microchannel flat tubes, and microchannel flat tubes on both sides of the circulating water. The refrigerant inlet pipe is connected to the lower vertical header of the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, the refrigerant outlet pipe is connected to the refrigerant outlet vertical header, the ends of the microchannel flat tubes are respectively inserted into the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution and the refrigerant outlet vertical header, and the ends of the microchannel flat tubes on both sides of the circulating water are respectively vertically inserted into the water-side inlet vertical header and the water-side outlet vertical header.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a heat pump system, which is special in that:

[0025] The heat pump system, which includes indoor and outdoor units, utilizes the aforementioned microchannel heat exchanger. This system evenly distributes refrigerant year-round, achieving efficient and uniform heat exchange between water and refrigerant, improving system performance and reducing energy consumption.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further proposes another microchannel heat exchanger, which is special in that:

[0027] The heat exchanger comprises a vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, a refrigerant inlet pipe, a refrigerant outlet vertical header, a refrigerant outlet pipe, and a battery assembly. The refrigerant inlet pipe communicates with the lower vertical header of the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, and the refrigerant outlet pipe communicates with the refrigerant outlet vertical header. The ends of the microchannel flat tubes are inserted into the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution and the refrigerant outlet vertical header, respectively. The battery assembly and the microchannel flat tubes can be connected via a connecting aluminum plate of a predetermined thickness. The battery assembly is embedded in the connecting aluminum plate, which is welded to the microchannel flat tubes. This heat exchanger ensures temperature uniformity for the batteries during direct cooling.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] (1) The present invention designs a vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant, which can achieve even distribution of refrigerant under different operating conditions. The even distribution of refrigerant is achieved by combining a central even orifice plate and an internal plug-in, which has a simple process and high reliability.

[0030] (2) The present invention designs two types of microchannel heat exchangers with uniform refrigerant distribution: one microchannel heat exchanger realizes efficient and uniform heat exchange between water and refrigerant, and is used as the indoor unit and outdoor unit of the heat pump system, which improves the system performance and reduces the system energy consumption. Through the uniform distribution of the refrigerant, the system oscillation caused by "outlet liquid" is avoided, and efficient and uniform heat exchange between the refrigerant and water is achieved; the other microchannel heat exchanger is used in the battery thermal management of electric vehicles, ensuring the temperature uniformity of the battery during the direct cooling process and avoiding the "thermal failure" of the battery caused by local high temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a rotatable center uniform orifice plate and a fixed center uniform orifice plate;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the plug-in;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of another plug-in;

[0035] Figure 5 This is the principle diagram of how the central uniform orifice plate and the internal plug-in cooperate to achieve uniform distribution;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a vertical header assembly with an added drive unit for uniform refrigerant distribution;

[0037] Figure 7 is an embodiment of a microchannel heat exchanger;

[0038] Figure 8 This is another embodiment of a microchannel heat exchanger.

[0039] As shown in the figure: 1 lower vertical header, 3 upper vertical header, 5 microchannel flat tube, 6 external gear, 7 drive motor, 8 first center uniform orifice plate, 9 fixed center uniform orifice plate, 10 internal plug-in, 21 refrigerant inlet pipe, 22 vertical header for uniform distribution of refrigerant, 23 refrigerant outlet vertical header, 24 refrigerant outlet pipe, 25 water side inlet pipe, 26 water side inlet vertical header, 27 water side outlet vertical header, 28 water side outlet pipe, 5 refrigerant circulating microchannel flat tube, 30 microchannel flat tubes on both sides for circulating water, 31 battery assembly, 32 connecting aluminum plate, 101 middle solid cylinder, 102 first-stage vertical baffle, 103 second-stage vertical baffle, 104 third-stage vertical baffle, 105 fourth-stage vertical baffle, 106 fifth-stage vertical baffle, 107 sixth-stage vertical baffle, 111 first-stage horizontal hole Plate, 112 second-level horizontal orifice plate, 113 third-level horizontal orifice plate, 114 fourth-level horizontal orifice plate, 115 fifth-level horizontal orifice plate, 121 first-level independent cavity, 122 second-level independent cavity, 123 third-level independent cavity, 124 fourth-level independent cavity, 125 fifth-level independent cavity, 126 sixth-level independent cavity, 1101 first-level horizontal orifice plate flow area, 1102 second-level horizontal orifice plate flow area, 1103 third-level horizontal orifice plate flow area, 1104 fourth-level horizontal orifice plate flow area, 1105 fifth-level horizontal orifice plate flow area, 1111 first-level horizontal orifice plate solid area, 1112 second-level horizontal orifice plate solid area, 1113 third-level horizontal orifice plate solid area, 1114 fourth-level horizontal orifice plate solid area, 1115 fifth-level horizontal orifice plate solid area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for which protection is claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant, comprising a lower vertical header 1, an upper vertical header 3, a first central uniform orifice plate 8, a fixed central uniform orifice plate 9, and microchannel flat tubes 5. The first central uniform orifice plate 8 is located between the lower vertical header 1 and the upper vertical header 3. The upper and lower ends of the first central uniform orifice plate 8 are respectively threadedly connected to the upper vertical header 3 and the lower vertical header 1. The first central uniform orifice plate 8 is in contact with the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9.

[0043] The lower vertical header 1 is connected to the upper vertical header 3 through a first central uniform orifice plate 8 , and a fixed central uniform orifice plate 9 is fixed to the bottom of the upper vertical header 3 ; a plurality of microchannel flat tubes 5 are vertically inserted into the side wall of the upper vertical header 3 .

[0044] The upper vertical header 3 is provided with an internal plug-in 10, see Figure 3 The insert 10 includes a central solid cylinder 101, several vertical baffles, and several horizontal orifice plates. A gap exists between the bottom surface of the central solid cylinder 101 and the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9. The central solid cylinder 101 is located at the center of the upper vertical manifold 3. In this embodiment, six vertical baffles are evenly distributed radially along the sidewall of the central solid cylinder 101. The two vertical baffles closest to the microchannel flat tubes 5 are the starting vertical baffle and the ending vertical baffle, respectively. The starting vertical baffle and the ending vertical baffle are the first-stage vertical baffle 102 and the sixth-stage vertical baffle 107, respectively. A central hole is opened in the center of the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9, and 1 to 4 holes are provided around the periphery of the central hole. The through holes on the first central uniform orifice plate 8 are identical in pattern to the openings of the first central uniform orifice plate 8. The diameter of the central solid cylinder 101 must be greater than the distance l from the outer edge of the hole in the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9.

[0045] The height of the vertical partitions gradually increases from the starting vertical partition to the end vertical partition; a fluid channel is formed between two adjacent vertical partitions, and a horizontal orifice plate is correspondingly arranged on the top of each vertical partition. Each vertical partition, its corresponding horizontal orifice plate and the end vertical partition enclose an independent cavity. The first-stage vertical baffle 102, the sixth-stage vertical baffle 107 and the first-stage horizontal orifice plate 111 form a first-stage independent cavity 121; the second-stage vertical baffle 103, the sixth-stage vertical baffle 107 and the second-stage horizontal orifice plate 112 form a second-stage independent cavity 122; the third-stage vertical baffle 104, the sixth-stage vertical baffle 107 and the third-stage horizontal orifice plate 113 form a third-stage independent cavity 123; the fourth-stage vertical baffle 105, the sixth-stage vertical baffle 107 and the fourth-stage horizontal orifice plate 114 form an independent cavity 124; the fifth-stage vertical baffle 106, the sixth-stage vertical baffle 107 and the fifth-stage horizontal orifice plate 115 form a fifth-stage independent cavity 125; the fifth-stage horizontal orifice plate 115 and the top of the upper vertical header 3 form a sixth-stage independent cavity 126.

[0046] See also Figure 5 The principle of uniform distribution achieved through the first central orifice plate 8, the fixed central orifice plate 9, and the insert 10 is as follows: After the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant passes through the first and fixed central orifice plates 8 and 9, the gas phase expands, breaking the liquid phase into small droplets, promoting uniform mixing of the two phases. The uniform gas-liquid two-phase exiting the first and fixed central orifice plates 8 and 9 directly impacts the central solid cylinder 101 at high speed, then evenly disperses into each independent cavity and flows into the corresponding microchannel flat tube.

[0047] See also Figure 3 The first-stage horizontal orifice plate 111, the second-stage horizontal orifice plate 112, the third-stage horizontal orifice plate 113, the fourth-stage horizontal orifice plate 114, and the fifth-stage horizontal orifice plate 115 respectively include a solid area and a flow area.

[0048] The areas of the first-level horizontal orifice plate solid area 1111, the second-level horizontal orifice plate solid area 1112, the third-level horizontal orifice plate solid area 1113, the fourth-level horizontal orifice plate solid area 1114, and the fifth-level horizontal orifice plate solid area 1115 gradually increase, and the flow area areas of the second-level horizontal orifice plate flow area 1102, the third-level horizontal orifice plate flow area 1103, the fourth-level horizontal orifice plate flow area 1104, and the fifth-level horizontal orifice plate flow area 1105 gradually decrease from 1101 to 1105.

[0049] When the first central uniform orifice plate 8 rotates relative to the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9, the area of ​​the overlap between the through holes of the first central uniform orifice plate 8 and the through holes of the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9 changes, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the gas-liquid phase and achieving uniform distribution under different working conditions.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 2 The fixed central uniform orifice plate 9 has five openings: a central hole surrounded by four smaller holes. The through-holes in the first central uniform orifice plate 8 are identical in pattern to the openings in the first central uniform orifice plate 8. The diameter of the central solid cylinder 101 must be greater than the distance l from the outer edge of the hole in the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9. The fixed central uniform orifice plate 9 can be secured to the bottom of the upper vertical header 3 by brazing.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 6 The above-mentioned vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant also includes an external gear 6 and a drive motor 7; the outer wall of the first center uniform orifice plate 8 is provided with teeth, which engage with the external gear 6, and the drive motor 7 drives the external gear 6 to rotate, thereby driving the first center uniform orifice plate 8 to rotate.

[0052] The first central uniform orifice plate 8 is adjusted by the external gear 6 and the drive motor 7 so that the flow area of ​​the first central uniform orifice plate 8 overlaps with the solid area of ​​the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the gas-liquid phase and achieving uniform distribution under different working conditions.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 4 The solid area of ​​the horizontal orifice plate is also provided with a small hole flow area, with each fluid channel corresponding to a small hole flow area. The small hole flow area includes a plurality of small holes. The arrangement of the small holes enables the gas-liquid two-phase flow to be better broken into small droplets as it flows through the fluid channel, promoting uniform mixing of the gas-liquid two-phase flow.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Compared to the vertical header assembly of Example 1, the refrigerant-distributing vertical header assembly of this embodiment eliminates the first central uniform orifice plate 8, and the lower vertical header 1 is directly connected to the upper vertical header 3. The provision of the fixed central uniform orifice plate 9 enables this embodiment to still achieve uniform refrigerant distribution under rated operating conditions.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] See also Figure 6 The present invention also provides a microchannel heat exchanger, comprising the above-mentioned vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, a refrigerant inlet pipe 21, a refrigerant outlet vertical header 23, a refrigerant outlet pipe 24, a water-side inlet pipe 25, a water-side inlet vertical header 26, a water-side outlet vertical header 27, a water-side outlet pipe 28, microchannel flat tubes 5, and microchannel flat tubes 30 on both sides of the circulating water. The refrigerant inlet pipe 21 is connected to the lower vertical header 1 of the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution 22, the refrigerant outlet pipe 24 is connected to the refrigerant outlet vertical header 23, the two ends of the microchannel flat tube 5 are respectively inserted into the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution 22 and the refrigerant outlet vertical header 23, and the two ends of the microchannel flat tubes 30 on both sides of the circulating water are respectively vertically inserted into the water-side inlet vertical header 26 and the water-side outlet vertical header 27.

[0058] The microchannel heat exchanger includes the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution. Therefore, the microchannel heat exchanger also has all the functions and effects of the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, which will not be described in detail here.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] The present invention also provides a heat pump system comprising an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, each of which utilizes the aforementioned microchannel heat exchanger. The heat pump system achieves uniform refrigerant distribution year-round, thereby achieving efficient and uniform heat exchange between water and refrigerant, improving system performance and reducing system energy consumption.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] See also Figure 7 The present invention also proposes another microchannel heat exchanger, comprising the above-mentioned vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, a refrigerant inlet pipe 21, a refrigerant outlet vertical header 23, a refrigerant outlet pipe 24, and a battery assembly 31. The refrigerant inlet pipe 21 is connected to the lower vertical header 1 of the vertical header assembly 22 for uniform refrigerant distribution, the refrigerant outlet pipe 24 is connected to the refrigerant outlet vertical header 23, and the two ends of the microchannel flat tube 5 are respectively inserted into the vertical header assembly 22 for uniform refrigerant distribution and the refrigerant outlet vertical header 23. The battery assembly 31 and the microchannel flat tube 5 can be connected by a connecting aluminum plate 32 with a certain thickness. The battery assembly 31 is embedded in the connecting aluminum plate 32 by screws, and the connecting aluminum plate 32 is welded to the microchannel flat tube. This heat exchanger ensures the temperature uniformity of the battery during the direct cooling process.

[0063] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related system fields, are also included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant, characterized by: It comprises a lower vertical header (1), an upper vertical header (3), a fixed central uniform orifice plate (9), and a microchannel flat tube (5); The lower vertical header (1) is connected to the upper vertical header (3), and a fixed central uniform orifice plate (9) is fixed to the bottom of the upper vertical header (3); a plurality of microchannel flat tubes (5) are vertically inserted into the side wall of the upper vertical header (3); An internal plug-in unit (10) is provided in the upper vertical header (3), and the internal plug-in unit (10) includes a middle solid cylinder (101), a plurality of vertical baffles, and a plurality of horizontal orifice plates; a gap exists between the bottom surface of the middle solid cylinder (101) and the fixed central uniform orifice plate (9); the middle solid cylinder (101) is located at the center of the upper vertical header (3); the vertical baffles are evenly distributed radially on the sidewalls of the middle solid cylinder (101); the two vertical baffles closest to the microchannel flat tube (5) are the starting vertical baffle and the ending vertical baffle, and the height of the vertical baffles gradually increases from the starting vertical baffle to the ending vertical baffle; A fluid channel is formed between two adjacent vertical partitions, and a horizontal orifice plate is correspondingly provided on the top of each vertical partition. Each vertical partition, its corresponding horizontal orifice plate and the end vertical partition enclose an independent cavity, and each cavity is respectively connected to a microchannel flat tube (5); 1 to 5 holes are opened on the fixed center uniform orifice plate (9), and the diameter of the middle solid cylinder (101) needs to be larger than the distance l from the outer edge of the hole in the fixed center uniform orifice plate (9).

2. A vertical header assembly for equal distribution of refrigerant according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first central uniform orifice plate (8), the first central uniform orifice plate (8) is located between the lower vertical header (1) and the upper vertical header (3), the upper and lower ends of the first central uniform orifice plate (8) are respectively connected to the upper vertical header (3) and the lower vertical header (1) by threads, and the first central uniform orifice plate (8) is in contact with the fixed central uniform orifice plate (9); A central hole is opened in the center of the fixed central uniform orifice plate (9), and 1 to 4 holes are arranged around the central hole. The through holes on the first central uniform orifice plate (8) are completely identical to the opening pattern of the first central uniform orifice plate (8).

3. A vertical header assembly for equal distribution of refrigerant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal orifice plate comprises a solid area and a flow area, and the solid area and its corresponding vertical partition plate enclose an independent cavity.

4. A vertical header assembly for refrigerant equalization according to claim 1, characterized in that: A small hole flow area is also provided on the solid area of ​​the horizontal orifice plate, and each fluid channel corresponds to a small hole flow area.

5. A vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The fixed central uniform orifice plate (9) is fixed to the bottom of the upper vertical header (3) by brazing.

6. A vertical header assembly for evenly distributing refrigerant according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: It also includes an external gear (6) and a drive motor (7); the outer wall of the first central uniform orifice plate (8) is provided with teeth, which are engaged with the external gear (6); the drive motor (7) drives the external gear (6) to rotate, thereby driving the first central uniform orifice plate (8) to rotate.

7. A microchannel heat exchanger, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, as well as a refrigerant inlet pipe (21), a refrigerant outlet vertical header (23), a refrigerant outlet pipe (24), a water-side inlet pipe (25), a water-side inlet vertical header (26), a water-side outlet vertical header (27), a water-side outlet pipe (28), a microchannel flat tube (5), and microchannel flat tubes (30) on both sides of circulating water; wherein, the refrigerant inlet pipe (21) is connected to the lower vertical header (1) of the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, the refrigerant outlet pipe (24) is connected to the refrigerant outlet vertical header (23), the two ends of the microchannel flat tube (5) are respectively inserted into the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution and the refrigerant outlet vertical header (23), and the two ends of the microchannel flat tubes (30) on both sides of circulating water are respectively vertically inserted into the water-side inlet vertical header (26) and the water-side outlet vertical header (27).

8. A heat pump system, characterized in that: It comprises an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, and the indoor unit and the outdoor unit adopt the microchannel heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7.

9. A microchannel heat exchanger, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, a refrigerant inlet pipe (21), a refrigerant outlet vertical header (23), a refrigerant outlet pipe (24), and a battery assembly (31); wherein the refrigerant inlet pipe (21) is connected to the lower vertical header (1) of the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution, the refrigerant outlet pipe (24) is connected to the refrigerant outlet vertical header (23), the two ends of the microchannel flat tube (5) are respectively inserted into the vertical header assembly for uniform refrigerant distribution and the refrigerant outlet vertical header (23), the battery assembly (31) and the microchannel flat tube (5) are connected by a connecting aluminum plate (32), the battery assembly (31) is embedded in the connecting aluminum plate (32), and the connecting aluminum plate (32) is fixed to the microchannel flat tube (5).

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