A new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of Internet energy trading, and specifically relates to a new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain; the method comprises: establishing an energy trading system based on blockchain, including a blockchain platform and an energy trading platform; energy requesters and energy providers obtain accounts on the blockchain platform and perform cryptographic signature confirmation through the accounts; constructing a request benefit function and a provision effect function based on the energy trading platform; adopting a cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm based on a convergent spider web, negotiating pricing between the energy requester and the energy provider according to the request benefit function and the provision effect function, and obtaining a pricing scheme; the energy requester and the energy provider conduct energy trading according to the pricing scheme and the accounts, and record the transaction results on the blockchain; the present invention achieves utility maximization for both parties to the transaction and improves the overall performance of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of Internet energy trading technology, and specifically relates to a new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] As people gradually realize the irreversible environmental pollution caused by traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles (NEVs) have become the most promising alternative to fuel vehicles, promoting healthy and green transportation. Renewable energy is gaining increasing attention as a solution. However, current limitations in the driving durability of NEVs and the cost of battery replacement hinder their potential as an ideal means of transportation in the future. Therefore, leveraging the inherent advantages of NEVs, establishing a new energy trading system and strengthening cooperation among NEV manufacturers can address the issue of NEV range.

[0003] The intelligent connected vehicle (IoV) network is a crucial technological solution for addressing traffic safety and improving urban efficiency. As the number of new energy vehicle (NEV) owners continues to grow exponentially, they are increasingly concerned about their vehicles' insufficient range. Consequently, the primary challenge facing NEVs today lies in the discrepancy between the growing number of NEVs and the uneven distribution and insufficient supply of charging stations. To address this issue, many researchers are exploring wireless power transmission (WPT) technology to facilitate energy transmission across vast geographical areas. One solution involves using mobile devices to supply energy to vehicles requiring it, with these vehicles paying a portion of the energy to the energy provider. The design and implementation of this energy trading mechanism not only significantly reduces NEV owners' concerns about their vehicles' range, but also significantly boosts the local power grid and its associated industries.

[0004] Because the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) involves multiple entities and decentralized transactions, ensuring user information security is a challenging issue. Dishonesty between energy suppliers and energy consumers can lead to disputes during transactions. Potential security vulnerabilities in the transaction system expose vehicles to external attacks at any time. Furthermore, due to the selfish nature of electric vehicles, optimizing their charging and discharging is a significant challenge. To address this issue, a technical platform combining new energy vehicle charging and discharging transactions with a consortium blockchain can be developed. Leveraging the decentralized nature of blockchain and artificial intelligence algorithms, this research explores the potential of new energy vehicle charging and discharging transactions and their development prospects. Compared to traditional communication methods, blockchain, due to its decentralized nature, ensures the security of transactions conducted in the IoV. To ensure efficient energy transmission and address energy storage issues, researchers have incorporated peer-to-peer (P2P) algorithms into new energy trading systems.

[0005] Previous research on the pricing of renewable energy has relied solely on game theory. While this approach can effectively enable energy trading and ensure secure transmission of renewable energy, it lacks a nonlinear pricing scheme designed for blockchain-based renewable energy trading systems, particularly those with near-zero marginal costs, using incomplete information sharing.

[0006] In summary, while many solutions apply blockchain technology to energy trading, enabling distributed energy transactions, existing pricing schemes remain imperfect. New energy pricing schemes, which have almost zero marginal utility, rely solely on game theory. To address this issue, the present invention establishes a new energy vehicle energy trading system based on blockchain technology and a convergent spiderweb model. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain, which includes:

[0008] S1: Establish a blockchain-based energy trading system, including a blockchain platform and an energy trading platform;

[0009] S2: The energy requester and energy provider obtain an account on the blockchain platform and perform cryptographic signature confirmation through the account;

[0010] S3: Construct request benefit function and provision effect function based on energy trading platform;

[0011] S4: Using the improved convergent spider web model, energy requesters and energy providers negotiate pricing based on the request benefit function and the provision benefit function to obtain a pricing scheme;

[0012] S5: Energy requesters and energy providers conduct energy transactions based on pricing schemes and accounts, and record transaction results on the blockchain.

[0013] Preferably, the energy requester's blockchain platform account includes an account balance Certificate Current Energy Coin Value e i , public-private key pair and wallet address The energy provider's blockchain platform account includes the account balance Available energy, public-private key pairs and wallet address

[0014] Preferably, the encryption signature confirmation process adopts asymmetric encryption technology.

[0015] Preferably, the energy trading platform includes a pricing strategy for energy providers, which includes: the price at which the energy provider purchases energy from the power grid or other energy providers is less than or equal to the final transaction price at which the energy provider sells the energy to the energy requester; the energy required by the energy requester is less than the energy level the energy requester hopes to achieve; the energy level achieved by the energy requester after charging is less than or equal to the energy level the energy requester expects to achieve; and the dynamic characteristics of the energy requester's battery are described using a charging linear model of the energy level.

[0016] Preferably, the request benefit function is expressed as:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, d i,j (t) represents the energy available to the energy requester, d j,i (t) represents the energy that the energy provider needs to provide; p i (t) represents the price paid for energy purchase, U i (d i,j (t)) represents the utility of the energy requester, λ i,j Represents energy loss, E i (t) represents the remaining energy of the energy requester after the current transaction ends, E i (t-1) represents the remaining energy of the energy requester after the last transaction, and T represents the time period.

[0019] Preferably, the provided effect function is expressed as:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, d j,i (t) represents the energy that the energy provider can provide; p j (t) represents the energy provider’s price, U j (d j,i (t)) represents the utility of the energy provider, λ i,j Represents energy loss, represents the energy provider’s target maximum price, E j (t) represents the remaining energy of the energy provider after the current transaction ends, E j (t-1) represents the remaining energy of the energy provider after the last transaction, and T represents the time period.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, when adopting the convergent spider web-based cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm to negotiate pricing, a binary variable o is introduced. k (i) and the price increase coefficient δ k(i) Shrinking the step size to limit the algorithm's divergence and help the algorithm perform iterative negotiation. The step size is shrunk only when the function oscillates. Otherwise, each iteration uses the previous binary variable and amplification coefficient to shrink the step size.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, when the energy requester and the energy provider are conducting energy transactions, if the energy requester forcibly terminates the transaction process, the energy requester's EV i When the credit value drops below the threshold, the EV i Eligibility to participate in energy trading.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: It determines negotiated pricing in a new energy vehicle energy trading system by considering energy loss, time allocation, and utility maximization, thus implementing a convergent spider web-based nonlinear negotiated pricing method under blockchain. The proposed convergent spider web-based cross-iterative negotiated pricing algorithm solves the pricing problem, reduces time complexity, maximizes utility for both parties involved in the transaction, and improves overall system performance. Compared to existing methods, the present invention requires less energy loss and more reasonable time allocation, maximizing the utility available to both parties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the energy trading model of the blockchain-based new energy vehicle energy trading method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a model diagram of the energy trading system based on blockchain in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is the convergence graph of the cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm based on the convergent spider web in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention proposes a new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following contents:

[0030] S1: Establish a blockchain-based energy trading system, including a blockchain platform and an energy trading platform.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, the present invention designs a blockchain-based energy trading system for the Internet of Vehicles, which consists of a vehicle EV and a road test unit (RSU). In addition, there is an absolutely trusted agency (TrustAuthority, TA) to publish the identity of the entities participating in the energy trading system. TA is responsible for managing the network infrastructure and ensuring its security and privacy. Charging stations provide power to nearby electric vehicles. On this basis, in order to further improve the performance of the V2V communication network, RSUs with wireless backhaul and macro base stations (Mobile Base System, MBS) are deployed to provide wireless connections for electric vehicles. Software Defined Network (SDN) serves as the basis of Internet of Vehicles communications, allowing the V2V network to dynamically guide and manage traffic to achieve maximum performance. The transaction information and basic information of the vehicle are distributed and managed by TA.

[0032] Blockchain technology is a distributed technology that is currently being used in various fields. This invention uses blockchain technology to ensure the security and privacy of V2V energy transactions. By performing a consensus process on selected nodes, the consensus results are broadcast and packaged into blocks and recorded on the blockchain. As a distributed system, this technology provides traceability and immutability. This invention builds a blockchain platform and an energy trading platform within a blockchain-based energy trading system. Specifically:

[0033] For blockchain platforms: Each new energy vehicle (EV) requires a unique authentication address to legally participate in energy trading. Therefore, energy consumers, sellers, and validators must register with the TA to obtain their accounts or public parameters and cryptographic keys, which uniquely identify them in the energy trading system. Assume that i∈B={1,2,3...,B} represents the set of energy buyers, j∈S={1,2,3...,S} represents the set of energy sellers, and g∈G={1,2,3...,G} represents the set of RSUs in the network. Furthermore, S∪B=E={1,2,3,...,E} represents the set of all EVs in each cluster. The TA possesses powerful computing and storage capabilities and is an absolutely trustworthy entity. The TA serves as a parameter initializer, providing entity identity authorization and certificate issuance before system operation, and managing vehicle identities. In the blockchain trading system, legitimate EVs and RSUs must register with the TA, which then allocates the parameters necessary for participating in energy trading. These parameters primarily include their blockchain wallet address, reputation value, and public and private keys for authentication. Reputation is primarily used in the consensus process within the blockchain. When a vehicle engages in malicious transactions or other malicious behavior, the TA will update the EV's reputation score. If the vehicle's reputation score falls below the threshold set by the TA, the EV will lose its eligibility to participate in energy trading.

[0034] For the energy trading platform: Assume that vehicles requiring energy continuously interact with the RSU by publishing information about their energy needs. When other vehicles in the network with excess energy are willing to share their excess energy with this vehicle, the system receives bids from these vehicles. The system then selects the best reasonable bid and sends it to the vehicle in need for the transaction, which is then recorded on the blockchain. When demand exceeds supply, energy seller vehicles can purchase energy directly from the grid, other electric vehicles, and other energy sources at lower prices, and then sell the energy to other vehicles at the best price.

[0035] Assume that the energy provider and requester electric vehicles are located in a two-dimensional space, and their position coordinates can be expressed as (x i ,y i ) and (x j ,y j ),in Where (x i ,y i ) represents the location of the i-th energy requester, (x j ,y j ) represents the location of the jth energy provider. The distance between the energy provider and the requester is considered in the transaction process. i and EV jThe Euclidean distance between is defined as follows:

[0036]

[0037] The present invention considers the impact of cross-channel interference in the problem of energy sellers and energy demanders. The signal interference plus noise ratio (l i,j ) is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Where SPR(i,j) represents the signal power received by the i-th energy requester from the j-th energy provider, IE Agg (j) represents the total interference encountered when transacting with the jth energy provider, and N0 represents the power spectral density of Gaussian noise. In addition, the transmission rate from energy provider j to requester i is expressed as:

[0040]

[0041] Where W represents the available bandwidth of each link, represents the maximum transmission power at each EV, g ji Indicates energy transfer from EV j to EV i The channel power gain, The SINR gap represents the channel capacity of the additive white Gaussian noise channel, and ω 2 Indicates the noise power on the receiving side.

[0042] The pricing strategies of energy providers are as follows:

[0043] In the energy trading system proposed by the present invention, the energy seller (energy enhancer) EV j With p j (t) obtains energy from the grid or other energy sellers at a unit price Energy sellers constantly adjust sales prices in the game to maximize profits.

[0044] The price at which the energy provider purchases energy from the grid or other energy providers is less than or equal to the final transaction price at which the energy provider sells energy to the energy requester, which can be expressed as:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, p j(t) is the price at which the energy provider purchases energy from the grid or other energy providers, Energy provider EV j Sell ​​its energy to energy requester EV i The last transaction price.

[0047] The energy required by the energy requester is less than the energy level the energy requester wants to achieve, which can be expressed as:

[0048]

[0049] in, is the current energy demand of the energy requester, d exp is the energy level that the energy requester wants to achieve, C i is the battery capacity.

[0050] The energy level achieved by the energy requester after charging is less than or equal to the energy level the energy requester expects to achieve, which can be expressed as:

[0051]

[0052] in, is the initial energy level of the energy requester, E i,j (t) is EV i Via EV j Energy level achieved after charging, E exp Energy Requester EV i The desired energy level.

[0053] The battery dynamics of the energy requester is described by a linear model of energy level charge, which is expressed as:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, E i,j (t+1) is the energy level reached by the energy requester after charging, E i,j (t) is the current EV i Energy level, ξ i,j ∈(0,1) is the battery charging efficiency, C i represents the capacity of the battery of the i-th energy requester, λ i,j (t)={0, 1} When it is equal to 1, it means that the charging state of the battery has not yet reached the ideal level. When it is 0, it means that it has reached the ideal level and the charging state has ended.

[0056] S2: The energy requester and the energy provider obtain accounts on the blockchain platform and perform cryptographic signature confirmation through the accounts.

[0057] EVs participating in energy trading must obtain certificates to prove that the energy seller has surplus energy to sell during the energy trading process and that the energy demander has transaction coins in their wallet that can be used to purchase the required energy. First, they register in the TA and obtain certificates. EVs that choose to purchase energy can use their certificates to join the energy trading system and obtain a public / private key pair and wallet address Energy requesters and energy providers obtain accounts on the blockchain platform. The energy requester’s account includes the account balance. Certificate Current Energy Coin Value e i , public / private key pair and wallet address Similarly, the EV (energy provider) account that sells energy includes its account balance Available energy, public / private key pair and wallet address

[0058] Before conducting energy transactions, the energy requester sends a request message to the RSU, which verifies the authenticity of the message. After verification, the POR consensus mechanism is used to enable the energy trading system to reach a consensus. To ensure the authenticity and integrity of the information exchange between the sender and the receiver, the energy requester and the energy provider perform cryptographic signature confirmation through their accounts. Specifically, asymmetric encryption technology is applied to the cryptographic signature confirmation process in the blockchain, which can be expressed as follows:

[0059]

[0060] in, is the digital signature of sender x and its private key, is the decryption function of the sender x’s public key, and H(m) is the hash summary of the message m.

[0061] S3: Construct request benefit function and provision effect function based on energy trading platform.

[0062] For different EVs on the road i The factors to be considered are also different. Energy demanders (energy requesters) EV i We always hope to get higher QoS at a lower price, but compared with EV j It is farther away from the power grid or other energy sellers (energy providers), so it is necessary to use EV j To obtain the energy required to complete the remaining journey. i After submitting energy application to RSU, there will be multiple EV j EVi Make a bid, EV i It’s not just EVs that need to be considered j The bid price of EV needs to be judged by factors such as path length and QoS to make the most correct decision. i , its optimal bidding solution, namely the request benefit function, is expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, d i,j (t) represents the amount of energy that the energy requester can obtain if this transaction is carried out; d j,i (t) represents the energy that the energy provider needs to provide if this transaction is carried out; p i (t) represents the price paid for energy purchase, U i (d i,j (t)) represents the utility of the energy requester, λ i,j Represents energy loss, E i (t) represents the remaining energy of the energy requester after the current transaction ends, E i (t-1) represents the remaining energy of the energy requester after the last transaction, and T represents the time period.

[0065] Energy seller EV j As a free vehicle away from the power grid, it is responsible for conveniently transporting energy to EVs with energy needs. i However, due to factors such as distance, the price will inevitably change accordingly. j Obtain energy from the grid or other energy sellers, and then give it to EVs j Higher QoS can increase the final price accordingly. j , the best bidding solution provides the effect function expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, d j,i (t) represents the energy that the energy provider can provide; p j (t) represents the energy provider’s price, U j (d j,i (t)) represents the utility of the energy provider, λ i,j Represents energy loss, represents the energy provider’s target maximum price, E j (t) represents the remaining energy of the energy provider after the current transaction ends, E j (t-1) represents the remaining energy of the energy provider after the last transaction.

[0068] S4: A cross-iterative negotiation pricing algorithm based on a convergent spider web is used to negotiate pricing between energy requesters and energy providers according to the request benefit function and the provision effect function to obtain a pricing plan.

[0069] In the present invention, energy prices and energy quantities can be compared to prices and quantities in agriculture, and there are only two situations in the end, namely convergence and divergence. Since P2P energy trading can be a symmetrical process (any vehicle can become an energy requester or energy provider), the present invention modifies the original spider web model to make its convergence or divergence predictable. The convergence of the algorithm of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, as the number of negotiations (iterations) increases, the utility of both parties in the energy transaction gradually approaches a stable state, which indicates that the algorithm proposed in this invention can always achieve at least a weak Pareto effect. When both parties in the energy transaction achieve at least a weak Pareto effect, it means that the algorithm of this invention has obtained the optimal decision.

[0070] The present invention adopts a convergent spider web-based cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm to negotiate pricing between energy requesters and energy providers. The process is as follows:

[0071] Due to EV i We always hope to get more energy and QoS at a lower price, and EV j We also hope to use the same energy and QoS to exchange for higher profits. i The effect function curve can be seen as a monotonically decreasing process at the beginning, and EV j The effect function curve can be initially viewed as a monotonically increasing process. When and only when these two straight lines begin to cross iteratively and get closer and closer, that is, when convergence is reached or at least a weak Pareto effect is achieved, the optimal decision (p*, d*) is obtained, where p* represents the optimal pricing of the energy requester and d* represents the optimal pricing of the energy provider.

[0072] Assume that the amplification factor δ of each iteration is k (i) is a constant. In the case of a diverging spider web, the iteration will never converge and will always move around the equilibrium point. However, since the traditional spider web model tends to diverge with the increase in the number of iterations, the step size will also become larger and larger.

[0073] In order to ensure that the algorithm can converge or achieve weak Pareto utility, a binary variable o is introduced. k (i) and the price increase coefficient δ k (i), through the binary variable o k (i) and the amplification factor δ k(i) Shrinking the step size limits the algorithm's divergence and helps the algorithm negotiate iterations. These two parameters solve this problem by reducing the step size. The step size is reduced only when the quantity oscillates, otherwise each iteration will continue to use the previous binary variable o. k (i) and the amplification factor δ k (i) The special case of shrinking the step size and achieving convergence in one go before reaching the equilibrium point.

[0074] The convergence and effectiveness of the algorithm can be proved by simulation with different parameters; binary variable o k (i) and the price increase coefficient δ k (i) are:

[0075]

[0076] δ k (i+1)=[1-o k (i)]δ k (i)+o k (i)γδ k (i)

[0077] Among them, γ∈(0,1) is used to adjust the amplification coefficient δ k (i) The parameter γ is enumerated by exhaustive method, and the value of γ with the least number of iterations when the function converges is selected; the binary variable o k (i) Identify whether the system is oscillating. k When (i) = 1, δ k (i) will be used to reduce the step size limit when o k When (i) = 0, δ k (i) will keep the step size constant.

[0078] The cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm based on the convergent spider web is shown in Table 1:

[0079] Table 1 Cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm based on convergent spider web

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Among them, p j represents the utility function, o k (i) represents a binary variable used to adjust the step size, ε represents the smallest positive number close to zero, i represents the i-th energy requester, j represents the j-th energy provider, δ k (i) represents the step size or the amplification coefficient, represents the energy demand of the energy requester, represents the expected energy demand of the energy requester, U' B Denotes the utility of the energy requester for alternating iterations, U' S Represents the utility of the energy provider for alternating iterations.

[0083] Using the above convergent spider web-based cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm, the optimal decision (p*, d*), that is, the final pricing plan, can be found.

[0084] S5: Energy requesters and energy providers conduct energy transactions based on pricing schemes and accounts, and record transaction results on the blockchain.

[0085] The optimal decision result, i.e. the pricing plan, is sent to the RSU and both parties of the energy transaction, and the transaction is carried out through the account. Finally, the transaction result is recorded on the blockchain. If it is not the optimal decision, you can choose to change the energy seller and repeat the above process.

[0086] When the energy requester and the energy provider are conducting energy transactions, if the energy requester forcibly terminates the transaction process, the energy requester's EV will be deducted. i When the credit value drops below the threshold, the EV i Eligibility to participate in energy trading.

[0087] This invention designs a blockchain-based pricing scheme for new energy vehicle energy transactions in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Specifically, this convergent spider-based pricing scheme is designed to address energy trading issues in distributed systems with incomplete information sharing. The immutability and traceability of blockchain technology provide security guarantees for the trading system. While ensuring that both parties to the energy transaction ultimately achieve at least a weak Pareto effect, this invention achieves faster convergence, reduces time complexity, maximizes utility for both parties, and improves overall system performance, demonstrating feasibility and effectiveness.

[0088] The above embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above embodiments are only preferred implementation plans of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the present invention within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain, characterized in that: include: S1: Establish a blockchain-based energy trading system, including a blockchain platform and an energy trading platform; S2: The energy requester and energy provider obtain an account on the blockchain platform and perform cryptographic signature confirmation through the account; S3: Constructing a request benefit function and a provision benefit function based on the energy trading platform; the request benefit function is expressed as: s.t. d i,j (t)-d j,i (t)+λ i,j =0, -d i,j (t)≤0, -l i,j ≤0, E i (t)=E i (t-1)+d i,j (t) Among them, d i,j (t) represents the energy available to the energy requester, d j,i (t) represents the energy that the energy provider needs to provide; p i (t) represents the price paid for energy purchase, U i (d i,j (t)) represents the utility of the energy requester, λ i,j Represents energy loss, E i (t) represents the remaining energy of the energy requester after the current transaction ends, E i (t-1) represents the remaining energy of the energy requester after the last transaction, and T represents the time period; The provided effect function is expressed as: s.t. -d j,i (t)≤0, -l i,j ≤0 E j (t)=E j (t-1)-d j,t (t) Among them, p j (t) represents the energy provider’s price, U j (d j,i (t)) represents the utility of the energy provider, represents the energy provider’s target maximum price, E j (t) represents the remaining energy of the energy provider after the current transaction ends, E j (t-1) represents the remaining energy of the energy provider after the last transaction; S4: Using a convergent spider web-based cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm, energy requesters and energy providers negotiate pricing based on the request benefit function and the provision benefit function to obtain a pricing scheme; S5: Energy requesters and energy providers conduct energy transactions based on pricing schemes and accounts, and record transaction results on the blockchain.

2. A new energy vehicle energy trading method based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy requester's blockchain platform account includes the account balance Certificate Current Energy Coin Value e i , public-private key pair and wallet address The energy provider's blockchain platform account includes the account balance Available energy, public-private key pairs and wallet address 3. The method for new energy vehicle energy trading based on blockchain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The encryption signature confirmation process adopts asymmetric encryption technology.

4. The method for energy trading of new energy vehicles based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy trading platform includes a pricing strategy for energy providers, which includes: the price at which the energy provider purchases energy from the power grid or other energy providers is less than or equal to the final transaction price at which the energy provider sells energy to the energy requester; the energy required by the energy requester is less than the energy level the energy requester hopes to achieve; the energy level achieved by the energy requester after charging is less than or equal to the energy level the energy requester expects to achieve; and the dynamic characteristics of the energy requester's battery are described using a charging linear model of the energy level.

5. The method for new energy vehicle energy trading based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when adopting the convergent spider web-based cross-iteration negotiation pricing algorithm to negotiate pricing, a binary variable o is introduced. k (i) and the price increase coefficient δ k (i) Shrinking the step size to limit the algorithm's divergence and help the algorithm perform iterative negotiation. The step size is shrunk only when the function oscillates. Otherwise, each iteration uses the previous binary variable and amplification coefficient to shrink the step size.

6. The method for new energy vehicle energy trading based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when the energy requester and the energy provider are conducting energy transactions, if the energy requester forcibly terminates the transaction process, the energy requester's EV i When the credit value drops below the threshold, the EV i Eligibility to participate in energy trading.

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