A multi-component spinel porous nanowire and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-component spinel porous nanowire and its preparation method and application. The composition of the nanowire is: in atomic percentage, (1.3-1.4%) Ni-(1.4-1.5%) Fe-(0.5-0.7%) X-Al, wherein X is one or more of Co, Cr, Mo or Mn. The preparation method adopts a combination of rapid high-temperature melting, solidification, blow casting and liquid-phase chemical dealloying. The specific steps include: the first step, preparing Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy; the second step, wire cutting gold treatment; the third step, liquid-phase chemical dealloying treatment, and then multi-component spinel porous nanowires can be prepared. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention can meet the technical requirements for preparing multi-component characteristic porous nanowires, and at the same time has the advantages of being green and environmentally friendly, low in production cost, simple and easy to operate, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical material preparation, and in particular to a multi-component spinel porous nanowire and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Intermittent solar and wind energy can be stored in the form of hydrogen produced by water electrolysis. However, the cost of electrocatalytic water splitting remains high due to the heavy loading of precious metal catalysts, and these catalysts are not durable enough. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key half-reaction of electrocatalytic water splitting, and its benchmark catalysts are IrO2 and RuO2, which are expensive and difficult to obtain. The development of efficient, durable, and low-cost OER electrocatalysts is crucial for the in-depth application of water splitting technology.

[0003] Nickel iron (oxy) hydroxides with a layered structure have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent catalytic activity. However, during catalytic electrolysis, Fe can be leached or form a separate FeOOH phase, and high KOH concentration electrolytes and high operating temperatures and current densities can accelerate degradation, making their stability increasingly worrying. In the context of translating laboratory catalytic activity into actual electrolyzers, further exploration is needed to improve durability. In contrast, spinel transition metal oxides (such as Co3O4, Fe3O4 and NiFe2O4) are catalytically and structurally stable, but have moderate catalytic activity compared to hydroxides. From a practical application perspective, activated spinel NiFe2O4 is a promising alternative approach to advance NiFe-based OER catalysts into actual electrolyzers.

[0004] Multi-component melting has broad application prospects in optimizing the electronic structure of catalysts and improving catalytic performance. Melting with elements such as V, Cr, W, Mn, Mo, and Al will further enhance the chemical synergy of the catalyst, but will reduce its thermodynamic stability, especially when multiple or large-sized elements are used. In addition, phase separation or leaching of active ingredients may occur during the electrolysis process. The high crystallinity and structural stability of spinel oxides are the main difficulties in their multi-component miscibility. Porous materials have attracted widespread attention due to their unique performance advantages. Among them, nanoporous metal materials have higher specific surface area and other special physical, chemical and mechanical properties compared to conventional porous materials (such as foam metals) due to their nanoscale pore size. These characteristics make it show great application prospects in the fields of catalysis, sensing, energy and bionics.

[0005] In order to simultaneously improve the catalytic activity and long-term stability of spinel, it is necessary to develop a preparation method for multi-component porous spinel electrode materials to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome at least one of the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a multi-component spinel porous nanowire, which has high catalytic activity and stability brought by multi-component melting, and constructs a porous nanowire structure to achieve efficient and rapid material transport and exchange, as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A multi-component spinel porous nanowire comprises: (1.3-1.4%) Ni-(1.4-1.5%) Fe-(0.5-0.7%) X-Al in atomic percentage, wherein X is one or more of Co, Cr, Mo or Mn.

[0009] Furthermore, the composition of the nanowire is: 1.38% Ni-1.42% Fe-0.6% X-Al.

[0010] Furthermore, the element composition of the nanowire is: Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al, Ni-Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr-Al, Ni-Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Al or Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Mn-Al.

[0011] A method for preparing the multi-component spinel porous nanowires as described above, which adopts a method combining rapid high-temperature melting, solidification, blow casting and liquid-phase chemical dealloying, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0012] The first step is to prepare a Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy: the components are mixed according to atomic percentage to form a master alloy raw material, placed in a melting furnace, heated to a molten state under an inert gas atmosphere, and then cast into an ingot. The Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy ingot is then mechanically polished to remove the surface oxide scale.

[0013] The second step is wire cutting gold processing: the alloy ingot is subjected to mechanical wire cutting processing, cut into thin slices of about 1 mm, and the surface of the slices is polished with sandpaper;

[0014] The third step is liquid phase chemical dealloying treatment: the alloy sheet is placed in a corrosive solution heated in a water bath for liquid phase chemical dealloying to remove the Al element, thereby preparing multi-component spinel porous nanowires.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific process for preparing the Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy is as follows: the raw materials are placed in a crucible coated with boron nitride coating, the crucible is heated in a resistance furnace, and the alloy is initially melted at 1033K;

[0016] Then, the melt temperature was heated to 1123 K and maintained for 30 min to ensure complete dissolution of Fe and Ni elements;

[0017] The melt temperature was then lowered to 1033 K, and the alloy melt was purified by a refining agent; after purification, the melt was degassed in a vacuum furnace for 10 minutes;

[0018] Finally, the melt was poured into a cast iron mold preheated to 473 K by gravity casting at 1013 K to form a Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy ingot with a length of about 10 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, the raw materials include pure metal Al, master alloy Al-20wt% Fe, Al-10wt% Ni or Al-10wt% X; and the inert gas is argon.

[0020] Furthermore, the etching liquid is a 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, the etching time is 12 hours, and the etching temperature is controlled at 40-60°C, preferably 50°C.

[0021] Furthermore, the thickness of the sheet is 0.8-1.2 mm, and the specific polishing process is: first use 200-grit sandpaper for rough polishing to remove stains left on the surface during the wire cutting process, and then use 800-grit sandpaper for fine polishing to make the surface neat and bright.

[0022] Furthermore, after the multi-component spinel porous nanowires are prepared, they are washed with ultrapure water until neutral, centrifuged to remove excess water, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying and storage. The specific washing process is as follows: first, the corrosive liquid is sucked out, then rinsed with ultrapure water, repeatedly rinsed 3-5 times until neutral, then washed with anhydrous ethanol, centrifuged after washing, and the supernatant is sucked out;

[0023] The specific centrifugal speed is 10000 r / min, the centrifugal time is 10 min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum dryer is 0.1 MPa.

[0024] An application of the multi-component spinel porous nanowire as described above, wherein the nanowire is used as an electrode material for oxygen evolution reaction.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] (1) The method of the present invention successfully prepares multi-component porous spinel nanowire materials by combining high-temperature melting, solidification, blow casting, and liquid-phase chemical corrosion dealloying. Compared with single-component spinel materials, it has broader prospects in terms of material transfer efficiency and catalytic activity maintenance;

[0027] (2) The method of the present invention can adjust the number and combination of different components in the porous spinel nanowire material by changing the composition ratio of the initial alloy ingot, thereby obtaining porous spinel nanowires that are most suitable for high catalytic activity and long-term stability. The morphology of the nanowires is derived from the linear eutectic alloy phase present in the precursor alloy and is closely related to high-temperature melting, solidification, and blow casting. Under the melting conditions of the present invention, a linear eutectic alloy phase will be formed in the alloy ingot, which is the precursor of the nanowires.

[0028] (3) The method of the present invention can realize the preparation of multi-component porous spinel nanowires. The prepared spinel nanowires not only have the high catalytic activity and long-term stability provided by the multiple components, but also have a large specific surface area brought by the small pore size and high density of holes to achieve efficient and rapid material transport and exchange, and therefore have broader application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a transmission electron microscopy image of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an energy spectrum analysis diagram of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the long-term catalytic stability of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a transmission electron microscopy image of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 2;

[0034] Figure 6 This is an energy spectrum analysis diagram of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 2;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a transmission electron microscopy image of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 3;

[0036] Figure 8 This is the energy spectrum analysis diagram of the multi-component porous spinel nanowires prepared in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0038] A multi-component spinel porous nanowire and its preparation method and application. The preparation method of the multi-component porous spinel nanowire adopts a method combining high-temperature melting, solidification, blow casting and liquid-phase chemical corrosion dealloying, and the steps are:

[0039] The first step is to prepare Ni-Fe-X-Al alloy ingot

[0040] According to the master alloy Ni 原子百分比为1.38％ -Fe 原子百分比为1.42％ -X 原子百分比为0.6％ -Al 原子百分比为余量 The mass of each raw material is calculated based on the atomic percentage of each element. The corresponding masses of pure metal Al (99.99% purity by mass), master alloys Al-20wt% Fe (99.99% purity by mass), Al-10wt% Ni (99.99% purity by mass), and Al-10wt% X (99.99% purity by mass) (X can be Co, Cr, Mo, Mn, etc.) are weighed. The elemental combinations of the master alloy Ni-Fe-X-Al can include: Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al, Ni-Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr-Al, Ni-Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Al, and Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Mn-Al. The above pure metals and master alloys are mixed, placed in a melting furnace, heated to a molten state, and then cast into ingots. The Ni-Fe-X-Al alloy ingots are then mechanically polished to remove surface oxide scale. The specific process for preparing Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy ingots by smelting is as follows: the raw materials are placed in a crucible coated with boron nitride and heated in a resistance furnace. The alloy is initially melted at 1033 K. The melt temperature is then heated to 1123 K and held for 30 minutes to ensure complete dissolution of the Fe and Ni elements. The melt temperature is then lowered to 1033 K, and the alloy melt is purified with a refining agent. After purification, the melt is degassed in a vacuum furnace for 10 minutes. Finally, the melt is poured by gravity casting at 1013 K into a cast iron mold preheated to 473 K to form a Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy ingot approximately 10 cm in length.

[0041] The second step is wire cutting

[0042] The Ni-Fe-Al-X alloy ingot produced in the first step is mechanically wire-cut and cut into approximately 1mm thin slices, which are then polished with sandpaper. The specific process is as follows: several ingots 10-20cm in length are placed in a wire-cut machine. First, the irregularities at the top are removed. Then, cut along the 1mm line, each slice being uniformly 1mm thick. The ingot is then rinsed with clean water and dried. A rough polish is performed using 1000-grit sandpaper. Once any visible surface stains are removed, a fine polish is performed using 1500-grit sandpaper, leaving the surface of the alloy slice clean and free of oxide layers. Finally, the ingot is rinsed with deionized water.

[0043] The third step is liquid phase chemical corrosion dealloying treatment

[0044] The alloy flakes produced in the second step are then dealloyed in a 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution heated in a water bath at 40-60°C. The solution is fully exposed to air. After 12 hours of liquid-phase chemical etching, the Al element in the alloy flakes is removed, resulting in the production of multi-component porous spinel nanowires.

[0045] Step 4: Post-treatment and preservation of multi-component porous spinel nanowires

[0046] The multicomponent porous spinel nanowires prepared in step 3 were collected and quickly rinsed in deionized water to prevent further reaction. They were then washed several times in ultrapure water until the pH of the wash solution reached neutral. After washing, they were dried in a 0.1 MPa vacuum oven at 60°C for 24 hours for further structural characterization and electrocatalytic analysis.

[0047] The above method for preparing multi-component porous spinel nanowires involves sources of raw materials, equipment, and operating procedures that are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A multi-component spinel porous nanowire and its preparation method and application, as follows:

[0050] The first step is to prepare Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot

[0051] According to the master alloy Ni 原子百分比为1.38％ -Fe 原子百分比为1.42％ -Mo 原子百分比为0.20％ -Co 原子百分比为0.20％ -Cr 原子百分比为0.20％ -Al 原子百分比为96.60％The mass of each raw material required is calculated based on the atomic percentage of each element. The corresponding mass of aluminum particles (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), intermediate alloy Al-20wt% Fe (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Ni (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Mo (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Co (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), and Al-10wt% Cr (mass percentage purity is 99.99%) are weighed and mixed as the master alloy raw material. The above raw materials are placed in a melting furnace, heated to a molten state, and cast into a Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot. The ingot is then mechanically polished to remove the surface oxide scale.

[0052] The second step is wire cutting

[0053] The Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot produced in the first step is mechanically wire-cut and cut into approximately 1mm thin slices, which are then polished with sandpaper. The specific process is as follows: several ingots 10-20cm in length are placed in a wire-cut machine. First, the irregularities at the top are removed. Then, cut along the 1mm line, each slice being a uniform 1mm thick slice with a 1cm radius. The ingot is then rinsed with clean water and dried. A rough polish is performed using 1000-grit sandpaper. Once any visible surface stains are removed, a fine polish is performed using 1500-grit sandpaper, leaving the surface of the alloy slice clean and free of oxide layers. Finally, the ingot is rinsed with deionized water.

[0054] The third step is liquid phase chemical corrosion dealloying treatment

[0055] Five thin alloy discs prepared in the second step were dealloyed in a 100 mL 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution heated in a water bath at 50°C. The solution was fully exposed to air. After 12 hours of liquid-phase chemical etching, the Al element in the alloy discs was removed and spontaneously oxidized, producing NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires.

[0056] Step 4: Post-treatment and preservation of NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) porous nanowires

[0057] The NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) porous nanowires prepared in step 3 were collected and quickly rinsed in deionized water to prevent further reaction. They were then washed several times in ultrapure water until the pH of the wash solution reached neutral. After washing, they were dried in a 0.1 MPa vacuum oven at 60°C for 24 hours and stored for further structural characterization and electrocatalytic analysis.

[0058] Figure 1 Transmission electron microscopy images of the NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires produced in this example show a nanoporous linear morphology with uniformly distributed nanoscale bicontinuous pores. The nanowires have an average diameter of approximately 200 nm, a length of over 10 μm, and an average nanopore size of 4 nm.

[0059] Figure 2 The energy spectrum analysis diagram of the NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires shows that the chemical components of the nanowires prepared in this embodiment are oxygen, iron, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, cobalt, and chromium, which are evenly distributed in the nanowires.

[0060] Figure 3 The oxygen evolution performance diagram of NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires shows that NiFeXO4 only needs an overpotential of 195 mV to provide 10 mA cm -2 The test temperature was room temperature, the test system was a standard three-electrode system, the counter electrode was a carbon rod, the reference electrode was Hg / HgO, and the electrolyte was an oxygen-saturated 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution.

[0061] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the long-term stability performance of oxygen evolution catalysis of NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires. Under the same test conditions, NiFeXO4 shows catalytic stability for more than 115 hours.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] A multi-component spinel porous nanowire and its preparation method and application, as follows:

[0064] The first step is to prepare Ni-Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot

[0065] According to the master alloy Ni 原子百分比为1.38％ -Fe原子百分比为1.42％ -Mn 原子百分比为0.20％ -Co 原子百分比为0.20％ -Cr 原子百分比为0.20％ -Al 原子百分比为96.60％ The mass of each raw material required is calculated based on the atomic percentage of each element. The corresponding mass of aluminum particles (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), intermediate alloy Al-20wt% Fe (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Ni (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Mn (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Co (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), and Al-10wt% Cr (mass percentage purity is 99.99%) are weighed and mixed as the master alloy raw material. The above raw materials are placed in a melting furnace, heated to a molten state, and cast into a Ni-Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot. The ingot is then mechanically polished to remove the surface oxide scale.

[0066] The second step is wire cutting

[0067] The Ni-Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot produced in the first step is mechanically wire-cut and cut into approximately 1mm thin slices, which are then polished with sandpaper. The specific process is as follows: several ingots 10-20cm in length are placed in a wire-cut machine. First, the irregularities at the top are removed. Then, cut along the 1mm line, each slice being 1mm thick and 1cm in radius. The ingot is then rinsed with clean water and dried. A rough polish is performed using 1000-grit sandpaper. Once any visible surface stains are removed, a fine polish is performed using 1500-grit sandpaper, leaving the surface of the alloy slice clean and free of oxide layers. Finally, the ingot is rinsed with deionized water.

[0068] The third step is liquid phase chemical corrosion dealloying treatment

[0069] Five thin alloy wafers from the second step were dealloyed in a 100 mL 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution heated in a water bath at 50°C. The solution was fully exposed to air. After 12 hours of liquid-phase chemical etching, the Al element in the alloy wafers was removed and spontaneously oxidized, producing NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Cr) multicomponent porous spinel nanowires.

[0070] Step 4: Post-treatment and preservation of NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Cr) porous nanowires

[0071] The NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Cr) porous nanowires prepared in step 3 were collected and quickly rinsed in deionized water to prevent further reaction. They were then washed several times in ultrapure water until the pH of the wash solution reached neutral. After washing, they were dried in a 0.1 MPa vacuum oven at 60°C for 24 hours for further structural characterization and electrocatalytic analysis.

[0072] Figure 5 Transmission electron microscopy images of the NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires produced in this example show a linear nanoporous structure with uniformly distributed nanoscale bicontinuous pores. The nanowires have an average diameter of approximately 200 nm, a length of over 10 μm, and an average nanopore size of 4 nm.

[0073] Figure 6 The energy spectrum analysis of the NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires shows that the chemical components of the nanowires prepared in this embodiment are oxygen, iron, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, cobalt, and chromium, which are evenly distributed in the nanowires.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] A multi-component spinel porous nanowire and its preparation method and application, as follows:

[0076] The first step is to prepare Ni-Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr-Al alloy ingot

[0077] According to the master alloy Ni 原子百分比为1.38％ -Fe 原子百分比为1.42％ -Mo 原子百分比为0.20％ -Mn 原子百分比为0.20％ -Cr 原子百分比为0.20％ -Al 原子百分比为96.60％The mass of each raw material required is calculated based on the atomic percentage of each element. The corresponding mass of aluminum particles (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), intermediate alloy Al-20wt.% Fe (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Ni (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Mo (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), Al-10wt% Mn (mass percentage purity is 99.99%), and Al-10wt% Cr (mass percentage purity is 99.99%) are weighed and mixed as the master alloy raw material. The above raw materials are placed in a melting furnace, heated to a molten state, and cast into a Ni-Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr-Al alloy ingot. The ingot is then mechanically polished to remove the surface oxide scale.

[0078] The second step is wire cutting

[0079] The Ni-Fe-Mo-Mn-Cr-Al alloy ingot produced in the first step is mechanically wire-cut and cut into approximately 1mm thin slices, which are then polished with sandpaper. The specific process is as follows: several ingots 10-20cm in length are placed in a wire-cut machine. First, the irregularities at the top are removed. Then, cut along the 1mm line, each slice being a uniform 1mm thick slice with a 1cm radius. The ingot is then rinsed with clean water and dried. A rough polish is performed using 1000-grit sandpaper. Once any visible surface stains are removed, a fine polish is performed using 1500-grit sandpaper, leaving the surface of the alloy slice clean and free of oxide layers. Finally, the ingot is rinsed with deionized water.

[0080] The third step is liquid phase chemical corrosion dealloying treatment

[0081] Five thin alloy discs prepared in the second step were dealloyed in a 100 mL 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution heated in a water bath at 50°C. The solution was fully exposed to air. After 12 hours of liquid-phase chemical etching, the Al element in the alloy discs was removed and spontaneously oxidized, producing NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Mn, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires.

[0082] Step 4: Post-treatment and preservation of NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Mn, Cr) porous nanowires

[0083] The NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Mn, Cr) porous nanowires prepared in step 3 were collected and quickly rinsed in deionized water to prevent further reaction. They were then washed several times in ultrapure water until the pH of the wash solution reached neutral. After washing, they were dried in a 0.1 MPa vacuum oven at 60°C for 24 hours for further structural characterization and electrocatalytic analysis.

[0084] Figure 7 Transmission electron microscopy images of the NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Mn, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires produced in this example show a linear nanoporous structure with uniformly distributed nanoscale bicontinuous pores. The nanowires have an average diameter of approximately 200 nm, a length of over 10 μm, and an average nanopore size of 4 nm.

[0085] Figure 8 The energy spectrum analysis of the NiFeXO4 (X = Ni, Fe, Al, Mo, Mn, Cr) multi-component porous spinel nanowires shows that the chemical components of the nanowires prepared in this embodiment are oxygen, iron, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, cobalt, and chromium, which are evenly distributed in the nanowires.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing multi-component spinel porous nanowires, characterized in that: The method combines rapid high-temperature melting, solidification, blow casting and liquid phase chemical dealloying. The specific steps include: The first step is to prepare Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al alloy: The components are mixed as master alloy raw materials in atomic percentage, 1.38%Ni-1.42Fe-0.2%Mo-0.2%Co-0.2%Cr-Al, placed in a melting furnace, heated to a molten state in an inert gas, and then cast into ingots; The second step is wire cutting gold processing: the alloy ingot is subjected to mechanical wire cutting processing to cut into thin slices, and the surface of the slices is polished with sandpaper; The third step is liquid-phase chemical dealloying: the alloy sheet is placed in a water-bath-heated etching solution for liquid-phase chemical dealloying. The etching solution is fully exposed to air to remove the Al element and spontaneously oxidize to produce multi-component spinel porous nanowires. The etching solution is a 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution, the etching time is 12 hours, and the etching temperature is controlled at 40-60°C; The multi-component spinel porous nanowires have a linear morphology of a nanoporous structure, with nanoscale bicontinuous pores uniformly distributed in the nanowires. The nanowires have an average diameter of 200 nm, a length of more than 10 μm, and an average nanopore diameter of 4 nm. The chemical components of the multi-component spinel porous nanowires are oxygen, iron, nickel, aluminum, molybdenum, cobalt, and chromium, which are uniformly distributed in the nanowires.

2. The method for preparing multi-component spinel porous nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: The specific process for preparing the Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al alloy is as follows: the raw materials are placed in a crucible and heated in a resistance furnace. The alloy is initially melted at 1033 K. Then, the melt temperature was heated to 1123 K and maintained for 30 min to ensure complete dissolution of Fe and Ni elements; The melt temperature was then lowered to 1033 K, and the alloy melt was purified by a refining agent; after purification, the melt was degassed in a vacuum furnace for 10 minutes; Finally, the melt was poured into a cast iron mold preheated to 473 K by gravity casting at 1013 K to cast a Ni-Fe-Mo-Co-Cr-Al alloy ingot.

3. The method for preparing multi-component spinel porous nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: The raw materials include pure metal Al, intermediate alloy Al-20wt% Fe, Al-10wt% Ni or Al-10wt% X, where X is Mo, Co and Cr; and the inert gas is argon.

4. The method for preparing multi-component spinel porous nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the sheet is 0.8-1.2 mm. The specific polishing process is: first use 200-grit sandpaper for rough polishing to remove stains left on the surface during the wire cutting process, and then use 800-grit sandpaper for fine polishing to make the surface neat and bright.

5. The method for preparing multi-component spinel porous nanowires according to claim 1, wherein: After preparing the multi-component spinel porous nanowires, they were washed with ultrapure water until neutral, centrifuged to remove excess water, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying and storage. The specific washing process was as follows: first, the corrosive liquid was aspirated, then rinsed with ultrapure water, repeatedly rinsed 3-5 times until neutral, and then washed with anhydrous ethanol. After washing, the supernatant was aspirated. The specific centrifugal speed is 10000 r / min, the centrifugal time is 10 min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum dryer is 0.1 MPa.

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