Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and device, the method comprises the following steps: an access network device receives first requirement information of a service from a session management function network element; the access network device determines a processing mode of a data packet of the service according to the first requirement information, wherein the processing mode comprises an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding mode; and the access network device processes the data packet of the service according to the processing mode. The method provided by the present application can solve the problem that the existing reliability mechanism cannot transmit subsequent data packets in time when facing a deteriorated air interface condition, thereby causing the blocking of data transmission, and can reduce the time delay of data transmission, thereby meeting the service requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more specifically to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Existing data transmission reliability mechanisms are implemented in layers. For example, in wireless communication, when packet loss or bit errors occur at the air interface, the problem can be solved by retransmission correction through the physical layer L1 / media access control (MAC) layer L2 between the base station and the terminal. For instance, this can be achieved through the acknowledge mode (AM) supported by the radio link control (RLC) layer between the base station and the terminal, which supports reliable in-order transmission of data packets between the terminal and the base station. Alternatively, a reliable connection can be established between the terminal and the application server at the transport layer to support data packet retransmission mechanisms, such as through the transmission control protocol (TCP) and quick UDP internet connections (QUIC).

[0003] In existing reliability mechanisms, reliable in-order transmission of data packets can be supported between the base station and the terminal through the AM mode of the RLC layer, or through the retransmission mechanism of the transport layer between the terminal and the application server. However, when the air interface conditions deteriorate, the existing reliability mechanisms may cause subsequent data packets to be blocked, preventing them from being sent to the terminal in a timely manner, and potentially increasing the data transmission delay. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a communication method and apparatus that can solve the problem of data transmission blockage caused by the inability to transmit subsequent data packets in a timely manner when existing reliability mechanisms face deterioration of air interface conditions, and can reduce data transmission latency to meet business needs.

[0005] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: an access network device receiving first demand information of a service from a session management function network element; the access network device determining a processing method for data packets of the service based on the first demand information, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; and the access network device processing the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0006] In this technical solution, the access network device receives the first demand information of the service from the session management function network element, determines whether the data packet of the service should be processed by an active retransmission mechanism or a network coding method, and then processes the data packet of the service according to the processing method. This allows for flexible adjustment of the data transmission method, reduces data transmission latency, and meets service requirements.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first requirement information is used to indicate that the requirement of the service is high reliability and low latency.

[0008] By receiving the initial service request information, the access network equipment can clearly understand the service requirements, respond accordingly, and adjust the transmission method of the data packets for the service to meet the high reliability and low latency requirements of the service.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and network coding algorithm information.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the access network device obtains air interface information; wherein, the access network device determines the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the first requirement information, including: the access network device determines the processing method based on the first requirement information and the air interface information.

[0011] In this technical solution, the access network equipment can respond to the high reliability and low latency requirements of services by combining different air interface conditions. For example, when the air interface conditions are poor, the access network equipment can adopt an active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method to reduce the latency of data transmission and meet the high reliability and low latency requirements of services.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of the access network equipment.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, determining the processing method for the data packets of the service includes: when the bit error rate is greater than a first threshold, the access network device determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than a second threshold, the access network device determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the access network device determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service; or, when the access network device is congested, the access network device determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service.

[0014] In this technical solution, by distinguishing different air interface conditions, the high reliability and low latency requirements of services can be preferably met.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method of determining the processing method of the data packets of the service includes: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the access network device determines to use the network coding method for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the access network device determines to use the active retransmission mechanism for the data packets of the service.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the processing method is a network coding method, the method further includes: the access network device acquiring the algorithm information of the network coding; and the access network device sending the algorithm information of the network coding to the terminal device.

[0017] In this technical solution, when the access network device determines that the processing method for the data packets of the service is network encoding, it can obtain the network encoding algorithm information and send it to the terminal device, thereby saving the terminal device the time to decode the data packets and reducing the latency of data transmission.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the access network device is congested, the access network device reduces the downlink transmission rate and increases the downlink data buffer value.

[0019] In this technical solution, the access network equipment can dynamically adjust the downlink transmission rate by sensing the congestion status of the access network equipment, thereby alleviating the congestion situation, improving data transmission conditions, and reducing data transmission latency.

[0020] Secondly, a communication method is provided, comprising: a user plane function network element receiving a first rule from a session management function network element, the first rule indicating a processing method for data packets of a service, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; the user plane function network element receiving data packets of the service; the user plane function network element determining the processing method according to the first rule; and the user plane function network element processing the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0021] In this technical solution, the user plane function network element receives the first rule of the service from the session management function network element, determines whether the data packet of the service should be processed by an active retransmission mechanism or a network coding method, and then processes the data packet of the service according to the processing method. This allows the user plane function network element to adjust the data transmission method, which can reduce the data transmission latency and meet the service requirements.

[0022] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, when the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the user plane function network element processes the service data packets according to the processing method, including: the user plane function network element processes the service data packets according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the user plane function network element processes the service data packets according to the processing method, including: the user plane function network element processes the service data packets according to the network coding method and network coding algorithm information.

[0023] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the user plane function network element receives a first air interface parameter report from the access network device, the first air interface parameter report being used to describe the air interface situation; the user plane function network element determines the processing method of the data packets of the service based on the air interface situation.

[0024] In this technical solution, the user plane function network element obtains the air interface information and determines the processing method of the data packets for the service based on the air interface information. In this way, it can dynamically determine the transmission method of the data packets according to the air interface information, reduce the data transmission latency, and meet the service requirements.

[0025] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0026] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first rule includes the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method.

[0027] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method includes: when the bit error rate is greater than a third threshold, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than a fourth threshold, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the access network device is congested, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service.

[0028] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method includes: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the network coding method is used for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the active retransmission mechanism is used for the data packets of the service.

[0029] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the header of the data packet of the service includes first indication information. The first indication information indicates whether the data packet of the service has adopted the processing method. The first indication information is used by the access network device to determine the first processing method for the data packet. The first processing method includes: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0030] In this technical solution, by carrying first indication information in the header of the data packet of the service, it is easy to indicate whether the data packet has adopted the processing method, and it is easy for the access network equipment to identify and perform corresponding operations, thereby saving data transmission latency and meeting service requirements.

[0031] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the header of the data packet of the service further includes second indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the second indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0032] In this technical solution, by carrying a second indication information in the header of the data packet for this service, the access network device can be easily instructed to identify and perform corresponding operations. If this processing method is not adopted, the access network device will send the data packet in the form of acknowledgment and retransmission. If this processing method is adopted, the access network device will send the data packet in the form of non-acknowledgment, thus meeting the service requirements.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, when the access network device is congested, the user plane function network element reduces the downlink transmission rate and increases the downlink data buffer value.

[0034] In this technical solution, the user plane function network element can dynamically adjust the downlink transmission rate by sensing the congestion of the access network equipment, thereby alleviating the congestion of the access network equipment, improving data transmission conditions, and reducing data transmission latency.

[0035] Thirdly, a communication method is provided, comprising: an application function network element receiving a second air interface parameter report, the second air interface parameter report being used to describe air interface conditions; the application function network element determining a processing method for service data packets based on the air interface conditions, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; and the application function network element processing the service data packets according to the processing method.

[0036] In this technical solution, the AF network element obtains the air interface information and determines the processing method for data packets, namely, active retransmission mechanism or network encoding method, based on the air interface information. It then processes the data packets for the service, enabling the AF network element to determine different processing methods according to different air interface conditions to meet service requirements.

[0037] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0038] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the application function network element subscribes to the air interface situation.

[0039] Obtaining air interface information helps AF network elements make judgments, thereby better meeting business needs.

[0040] In conjunction with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the application function network element determines the processing method for service data packets based on the air interface situation, including: when the bit error rate is greater than a fifth threshold, the application function network element determines to use the processing method for the service data packets; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than a sixth threshold, the application function network element determines to use the processing method for the service data packets; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the application function network element determines to use the processing method for the service data packets; or, when the access network equipment is congested, the application function network element determines to use the processing method for the service data packets.

[0041] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the application function network element determines the processing method for the service data packets based on the air interface situation, including: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the application function network element determines to use the network coding method for the service data packets; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the application function network element determines to use the active retransmission mechanism for the service data packets.

[0042] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the header of the data packet of the service includes third indication information, which indicates whether the data packet of the service has adopted the processing method. The third indication information is used by the access network device to determine the first processing method for the data packet, and the second processing method includes: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0043] In this technical solution, by carrying third indication information in the header of the data packet of the service, it is easy to indicate whether the data packet has adopted the processing method, and it is easy for the access network equipment to identify and perform corresponding operations, thereby saving data transmission latency and meeting service requirements.

[0044] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the header of the data packet of the service further includes fourth indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the fourth indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0045] In this technical solution, by carrying fourth indication information in the header of the data packet of the service, it is convenient to instruct the access network device to identify and perform corresponding operations. If this processing method is not adopted, the access network device will send the data packet in the form of acknowledgment and retransmission. If this processing method is adopted, the access network device will send the data packet in the form of non-acknowledgment, thus meeting the service requirements.

[0046] Fourthly, a communication method is provided, comprising: a session management function network element receiving second requirement information of a service from an application function network element or a request from the application function network element to subscribe to air interface parameters, wherein the second requirement information indicates that the service requires high reliability and low latency; the session management function network element sending first information to an access network device according to the second requirement information or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters, wherein the first information instructs the access network device to report air interface parameters to a user plane function network element or the session management function network element, wherein the air interface parameters describe the air interface situation, and the air interface situation determines the processing method for data packets of the service, wherein the processing method includes: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method.

[0047] In this technical solution, the session management function network element receives the second requirement information of the service from the application function network element or the application function network element's request to subscribe to the air interface parameters, and instructs the access network device to report the air interface parameters. This facilitates the application function network element or the user plane function network element to obtain the air interface status and determine the processing method for the service data packets, thereby meeting the high reliability and low latency requirements of the service.

[0048] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0049] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the first information is used to instruct the access network device to report the air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, or the packet loss rate is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, or when an interference cycle is entered.

[0050] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the session management function network element sends second information to the access network device, the second information being used to instruct the access network device to send the data packets of the service using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0051] In this technical solution, the session management function network element sends a second indication information to the access network device, which instructs the access network device to send data packets for the service in a non-acknowledgment retransmission manner to meet the high reliability and low latency requirements of the service.

[0052] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, the device being an access network device, comprising:

[0053] The first transceiver unit is used to receive first demand information of the service from the session management network element; the first processing unit is used to determine the processing method of the data packets of the service according to the first demand information, the processing method including: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method; the first processing unit is also used to process the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0054] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the first requirement information is used to indicate that the requirement of the service is low latency and high reliability.

[0055] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the first requirement information further includes at least one of the following: the latency requirement, packet loss rate requirement, bit error rate requirement, and 5G Quality of Service Identifier (5QI) of the service.

[0056] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the first processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the first processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the first processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the first processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information.

[0057] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, some implementations of the fifth aspect further include: the first transceiver unit is used to acquire air interface information; wherein, the first processing unit determines the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the first requirement information, including: the first processing unit is used to determine the processing method based on the first requirement information and the air interface information.

[0058] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of the access network equipment.

[0059] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the method for determining the processing method of the data packets of the service includes: when the bit error rate is greater than a first threshold, the first processing unit is configured to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than a second threshold, the first processing unit is configured to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the first processing unit is configured to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method; or, when the device is congested, the first processing unit is configured to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method.

[0060] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the method of determining the data packet processing of the service includes: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the first processing unit is used to determine that the network coding method is applied to the data packet of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the first processing unit is used to determine that the active retransmission mechanism is applied to the data packet of the service.

[0061] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, when the processing method is network coding, the method further includes: the first transceiver unit, configured to acquire the algorithm information of the network coding; the first transceiver unit is further configured to send the algorithm information of the network coding to the terminal device.

[0062] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the apparatus further includes: when the apparatus is congested, the first processing unit is configured to reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the downlink data buffer value.

[0063] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, the device being a user plane function network element, comprising: a second transceiver unit configured to receive a first rule from a session management function network element, the first rule indicating a processing method for data packets of a service, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; the second transceiver unit configured to receive data packets of the service; a second processing unit configured to determine the processing method according to the first rule; the second processing unit further configured to process the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0064] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the second processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the second processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the second processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the second processing unit processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information.

[0065] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, some implementations of the sixth aspect further include: a second transceiver unit, configured to receive a first air interface parameter report from the access network device, the first air interface parameter report being used to describe the air interface status; and a second processing unit, configured to determine the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the air interface status.

[0066] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0067] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the first rule includes the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method.

[0068] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method includes: when the bit error rate is greater than the third threshold, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than the fourth threshold, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the access network device is congested, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service.

[0069] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method includes: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the network coding method is used for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the active retransmission mechanism is used for the data packets of the service.

[0070] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the header of the data packet of the service includes first indication information, the first indication information indicating whether the data packet of the service has adopted the processing method, the first indication information being used by the access network device to determine the first processing method for the data packet, the first processing method including: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0071] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the header of the data packet of the service further includes second indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the second indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0072] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, some implementations of the sixth aspect further include: when the access network device is congested, the second processing unit is used to reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the downlink data buffer value.

[0073] In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, the device being an application function network element, comprising: a third transceiver unit for receiving a second air interface parameter report, the second air interface parameter report being used to describe air interface conditions; a third processing unit for determining a processing method for data packets of a service based on the air interface conditions, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; the third processing unit is further configured to process the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0074] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0075] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the third processing unit is used to subscribe to the air interface situation.

[0076] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in certain implementations of the seventh aspect, the third unit determines the processing method for the service data packets based on the air interface situation, including: when the bit error rate is greater than the fifth threshold, the third processing unit is used to determine to apply the processing method to the service data packets; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than the sixth threshold, the third processing unit is used to apply the processing method to the service data packets; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the third processing unit is used to apply the processing method to the service data packets; or, when the access network equipment is congested, the third processing unit is used to apply the processing method to the service data packets.

[0077] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the third unit determines the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the air interface situation, including: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the third unit is used to determine that the network coding method is adopted for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the third unit is used to determine that the active retransmission mechanism is adopted for the data packets of the service.

[0078] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the header of the data packet of the service includes third indication information, the third indication information indicating whether the data packet of the service adopts the processing method, the third indication information being used by the access network device to determine the second processing method for the data packet, the second processing method including: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0079] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the header of the data packet of the service includes fourth indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the fourth indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0080] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, the device being a session management function network element, comprising: a fourth transceiver unit, configured to receive second requirement information of a service from an application function network element or a request from the application function network element to subscribe to air interface parameters, the second requirement information indicating that the service requires low latency and high reliability; and a fourth processing unit, configured to send first information to an access network device according to the second requirement information or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters, the first information instructing the access network device to report air interface parameters to a user plane function network element or the session management function network element, the air interface parameters describing the air interface status, the air interface status determining the processing method for data packets of the service, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method.

[0081] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in some implementations of the eighth aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of the access network equipment.

[0082] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in some implementations of the eighth aspect, the first information is used to instruct the access network device to report the air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, or the packet loss rate is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, or when an interference cycle is entered.

[0083] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in some implementations of the eighth aspect, the fourth transceiver unit is further configured to send second information to the access network device, the second information being used to instruct the access network device to send the data packets of the service using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0084] A ninth aspect provides a communication system, comprising: a user plane function network element and a session management function network element; the session management function network element is configured to send a first rule to the user plane function network element, the first rule indicating a processing method for data packets of a service, the processing method including: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; the user plane function network element is configured to receive data packets of the service; determine the processing method according to the first rule; and process the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0085] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, when the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the user plane function network element processes the data packets of the service using the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the user plane function network element processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information.

[0086] In conjunction with aspect nine, in some implementations of aspect nine, the user plane function network element is further configured to receive a first air interface parameter report from the access network device, the first air interface parameter report being used to describe the air interface status; the user plane function network element determines the processing method of the data packets of the service based on the air interface status.

[0087] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0088] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the first rule includes the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method.

[0089] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in certain implementations of the ninth aspect, the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method includes: when the bit error rate is greater than the third threshold, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than the fourth threshold, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service; or, when the access network device is congested, the processing method is applied to the data packets of the service.

[0090] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method includes: when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the network coding method is used for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the active retransmission mechanism is used for the data packets of the service.

[0091] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the header of the data packet of the service includes first indication information, the first indication information indicating whether the data packet of the service has adopted the processing method, the first indication information being used by the access network device to determine the first processing method for the data packet, the first processing method including: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0092] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the header of the data packet of the service further includes second indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the second indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0093] In conjunction with aspect nine, in some implementations of aspect nine, when the access network device is congested, the user plane function network element is also used to reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the downlink data buffer value.

[0094] In a tenth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising: an application function network element and a session management function network element; the application function network element is configured to send second service requirement information or a request to subscribe to air interface parameters to the session management function network element, wherein the second requirement information indicates that the service requires high reliability and low latency; the session management function network element is configured to send first information to an access network device according to the second requirement information or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters, wherein the first information instructs the access network device to report air interface parameters to a user plane function network element or the session management function network element, wherein the air interface parameters describe the air interface situation, and the air interface situation determines the processing method for data packets of the service, wherein the processing method includes: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; the application function network element is further configured to receive a second air interface parameter report, wherein the second air interface parameter report describes the air interface situation; the application function network element determines the processing method for data packets of the service according to the air interface situation, wherein the processing method includes: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method; the application function network element processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method.

[0095] In conjunction with aspect ten, in some implementations of aspect ten, the air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion conditions of access network equipment.

[0096] In conjunction with aspect ten, in certain implementations of aspect ten, when the bit error rate is greater than the fifth threshold, the application function network element is used to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method; or, when the packet loss rate is greater than the sixth threshold, the application function network element is used to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method; or, when the air interface is in an interference period, the application function network element is used to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method; or, when the access network device is congested, the application function network element is used to determine that the data packets of the service should be processed using the processing method.

[0097] In conjunction with aspect ten, in some implementations of aspect ten, when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the application function network element is used to determine the network coding method for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the application function network element is used to determine the active retransmission mechanism for the data packets of the service.

[0098] In conjunction with aspect ten, in some implementations of aspect ten, the header of the data packet of the service includes third indication information, the third indication information indicating whether the data packet of the service adopts the processing method, the third indication information being used by the access network device to determine a second processing method for the data packet, the second processing method including: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0099] In conjunction with aspect ten, in some implementations of aspect ten, the header of the data packet of the service further includes fourth indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the fourth indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0100] In conjunction with the tenth aspect, in some implementations of the tenth aspect, the first information is used to instruct the access network device to report the air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, or the packet loss rate is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, or when an interference cycle is entered.

[0101] Eleventhly, a computer-readable medium is provided that stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods of any of the above aspects or any possible implementations thereof.

[0102] In a twelfth aspect, a communication chip is provided, wherein instructions are stored that, when executed on a computer device, cause the communication chip to perform the methods of any of the foregoing aspects or any possible implementation thereof.

[0103] In a thirteenth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method in any of the foregoing aspects or any possible implementation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0104] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a 5G system applying this application;

[0105] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in this application;

[0106] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of yet another communication method provided in this application;

[0107] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided in this application;

[0108] Figure 5 This is a schematic block diagram of the computer device provided in this application;

[0109] Figure 6 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0110] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0111] like Figure 1 As shown, the application scenarios in which the communication method of this application can be applied may include UE 101, radio access network (RAN) device 102, user plane function (UPF) network element 103, access and mobility management function (AMF) 104, session management function (SMF) network element 105, policy control function (PCF) network element 106, application function (AF) 107, network exposure function (NEF) network element 108, unified data management (UDM) network element 109, authentication server function (AUSF) network element 110, network slice selection function (NSSF) network element 111, and data network (DN) 112.

[0112] Figure 1 The communication system shown can be a fifth-generation (5G) communication network.

[0113] A UE can also be called a terminal device. A terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks (CNs) via RAN equipment. Terminal devices can be referred to as access terminals, terminals, user units, user stations, mobile stations, mobile stations, remote stations, remote terminals, mobile devices, user terminals, wireless network equipment, user agents, or user equipment. Terminals can be cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle equipment, wearable devices or IoT devices, terminal devices in vehicular networks, customer premises equipment (CPEs), and any form of terminal device in future networks.

[0114] RAN equipment can be radio access network (RAN) equipment. An example of RAN equipment is a base station (BS).

[0115] A base station, also known as a base station device, is a device that connects terminals to a wireless network. These include, but are not limited to: a transmission reception point (TRP), a 5G node B (gNB), an evolved node B (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a node B (NB), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home base station (e.g., a home evolved node B or a home node B (HNB), a base band unit (BBU), a Wi-Fi access point (AP), or a small cell device (pico), etc.

[0116] It should be understood that this application does not limit the specific type of base station. In systems employing different wireless access technologies, the names of devices with base station functionality may differ. For ease of description, in this application, the aforementioned devices providing wireless communication functionality to terminals are collectively referred to as base stations.

[0117] UPF can be understood as the naming convention for User Plane Functional Network Elements in the 5G architecture. These elements primarily include the following functions: packet routing and transmission, packet inspection, service usage reporting, QoS processing, legitimate monitoring, uplink packet inspection, downlink packet storage, and other user plane-related functions.

[0118] AMF: This can be understood as the naming convention for mobility management network elements in the 5G architecture. Mobility management network elements mainly include the following functions: connection management, mobility management, registration management, access authentication and authorization, reachability management, security context management, and other access and mobility-related functions.

[0119] SMF: This can be understood as the naming convention for the Session Management Network Element in the 5G architecture. The Session Management Network Element primarily performs functions such as session management, execution of control policies issued by the PCF, selection of the UPF, and allocation of UE IP addresses.

[0120] PCF: This can be understood as the naming convention for policy control function network elements in the 5G architecture. These policy control function network elements are primarily responsible for policy control functions such as billing at the session and service flow levels, quality of service (QoS) bandwidth assurance and mobility management, and UE policy decisions. In this system, the PCFs connected to the AMF and SMF are the Access and Mobility Control PCF (AM PCF) and the SM PCF, respectively. In actual deployment, the AM PCF and SM PCF may not be the same PCF entity.

[0121] UDM: This can be understood as the naming convention for the Unified Data Management network element in the 5G architecture. The Unified Data Management network element mainly includes the following functions: unified data management, supporting authentication and trust letter processing in 3GPP authentication and key negotiation mechanisms, user identity processing, access authorization, registration and mobility management, subscription management, and SMS management.

[0122] AUSF: This can be understood as the naming convention for the Authentication and Authorization Service Function network element in the 5G architecture. This element is responsible for authenticating and authorizing the access of terminal devices.

[0123] DN: Data Network, used to identify the operator's network access point name. In this application, the DN may also include authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server functions, responsible for performing secondary authentication on users.

[0124] AF: This can be understood as the naming convention for Application Function Network Elements in the 5G architecture. Application Function Network Elements primarily convey the application-side's requirements to the network side, such as Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. AF network elements can be third-party functional entities or application services deployed by operators, such as IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) voice call services. In this application, a multi-access edge computing (MEC) platform or application server can act as an AF network element to communicate with the 5G core network. AF network elements can directly interface with PCF network elements, or they can interface with PCF network elements through a network exposure function (NEF) entity. For convenience, this application... Figure 1 The example only illustrates a scenario where the AF network element directly interfaces with the PCF network element. The method by which the AF network element interfaces with the PCF network element through the NEF network element can combine existing technologies and the methods described in this application. Figure 1 It is easily obtained.

[0125] It is understood that the aforementioned network element or function can be a network component in a hardware device, a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualization function instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). Optionally, the aforementioned network element or function can be implemented by one device, multiple devices working together, or a functional module within a single device; this application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0126] The functions of each interface are described below:

[0127] N1: The interface between AMF and UE, access-independent, used to transmit QoS control rules to UE, etc.

[0128] N2: The interface between AMF and RAN, used to transmit radio bearer control information from the core network side to the RAN.

[0129] N3: The interface between RAN and UPF, used to transfer user plane data between RAN and UPF.

[0130] N4: The interface between SMF and UPF, used to transmit information between the control plane and the user plane, including the distribution of forwarding rules, QoS control rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. from the control plane to the user plane, as well as the reporting of information from the user plane.

[0131] N5: The interface between AF and PCF, used for issuing application service requests and reporting network events.

[0132] N6: The interface between the UPF and DN, used to transfer user plane data between the UPF and DN.

[0133] N7: The interface between PCF and SMF, used to issue protocol data unit (PDU) session granularity and business data stream granularity control strategies.

[0134] N8: The interface between AMF and UDM, used by AMF to obtain access and mobility management related subscription data and authentication data from UDM, as well as by AMF to register UE's current mobility management information with UDM.

[0135] N9: Interface between UPFs, such as the interface between the visited-policy control function (V-PCF) and the home-policy control function (H-PCF), or the interface between a UPF connected to the DN and a UPF connected to the RAN, used to transfer user plane data between UPFs.

[0136] N10: The interface between SMF and UDM, used by SMF to obtain session management-related subscription data from UDM, and by SMF to register UE current session-related information with UDM.

[0137] N11: The interface between SMF and AMF, used to transmit PDU session tunnel information between RAN and UPF, transmit control messages sent to UE, and transmit radio resource control information sent to RAN, etc.

[0138] N12: The interface between AMF and AUSF, used for authenticating terminal devices.

[0139] N13: The interface between UDM and AUSF, used to transmit authentication parameters and authentication results.

[0140] N14: An interface between two AMFs used to pass user context in order to support movement across AMFs.

[0141] N15: The interface between PCF and AMF, used to issue UE policies and access control related policies.

[0142] N22: The interface between AMF and NSSF, used for slice selection and obtaining slice information allowed by the terminal.

[0143] N33: The interface between NEF and AF, used by third-party applications to obtain capability openness information from the mobile network and to provide application information to the mobile network.

[0144] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The names of the various network elements included (such as PCF network elements, AMF network elements, etc.) are merely names and do not limit the function of the network element itself. In 5G networks and other future networks, the aforementioned network elements may also have other names, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this. For example, in 6G networks, some or all of the aforementioned network elements may use the terminology from 5G, or they may have other names, etc. This is explained uniformly here and will not be elaborated further below.

[0145] It should be understood that this application is not limited to Figure 1 The system architecture shown. For example, a communication system to which the communication method of this application can be applied may include more or fewer network elements or devices. Figure 1 The devices or network elements in the network can be hardware, software based on function, or a combination of both. Figure 1 Devices or network elements within the network can communicate with each other through other devices or network elements.

[0146] It should be understood that in the embodiments described in this application, the UE and the AF network element have established an application layer connection. For example, the AF network element is a video server, and the application layer connection established between the UE and the AF network element is used by the UE to request the AF network element to play a VR video. The application layer connection between the UE and the AF network element can be sent through a PDU session established by the UE in the 5G network, that is, the UE uses the IP address corresponding to the PDU session to communicate with the AF network element. In the embodiments of this application, the network element communicating with the 5G core network and the video server are the same network element, but in actual deployment, they can also be different network elements, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0147] A schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. It should be understood that, Figure 2 The steps or operations of this communication method are illustrated, but these steps or operations are merely examples, and other operations can be performed in this application. Figure 2 Variations of various operations within it.

[0148] S201, the PCF network element receives the second service requirement information from the AF network element.

[0149] For example, the second requirement information of the service can be used to indicate that the service requires high reliability and low latency. For instance, high reliability means that the service has a precision requirement for the packet loss rate or packet error rate, specifically, it could be that the packet loss rate or packet error rate reaches 99.999%, which is not limited in this application. Similarly, low latency means that the service has a requirement for the time taken for data transmission, specifically, it could be 1ms or 10ms, which is not limited in this application. The second requirement information of the service may include indication information for indicating that the service is high reliability and low latency. Furthermore, the requirement information of the service may also include: the maximum latency value required by the service, and the maximum acceptable packet loss rate or maximum bit error rate, etc.

[0150] For example, the second requirement information may also include descriptive information about the service, such as application identifiers or packet filters used to describe the data flow of the service, such as quintuples.

[0151] For example, the second requirement information may also include other QoS information, such as the maximum bandwidth requirement of the service.

[0152] S202, the PCF network element determines the policy and charging control (PCC) rules based on the second demand information of the service, and sends the PCC rules to the SMF network element.

[0153] The PCC rule may include information such as the maximum acceptable latency, maximum bit error rate, or maximum packet loss rate for the service. The PCC rule may also include indications that the service is low-latency and high-reliability.

[0154] S203, the base station receives an N2 message from an SMF network element, which includes first demand information.

[0155] SMF network elements determine the first demand information according to PCC rules.

[0156] The N2 message also includes information instructing the base station to create a radio bearer for the data packets of this service.

[0157] The first requirement information is used to indicate that the service is a low-latency, high-reliability service. The first requirement information may include the 5G Quality of Service identifier (5QI) of the service, and may also include the latency requirement, packet loss rate requirement, or bit error rate requirement of the service.

[0158] Based on the content of the first requirement information, the base station determines the processing method for the data packets of the service. The processing method may include: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method.

[0159] The base station determines how to process the data packets for this service, including:

[0160] In one implementation, the base station receives the processing method for the service from the SMF network element. Correspondingly, the N2 message also includes the processing method for the service. When the processing method for the service's data packets is an active retransmission mechanism, the N2 message can further indicate the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method for the service's data packets is a network coding method, the N2 message can further indicate the network coding algorithm information. This network coding algorithm information indicates the network coding method. For example, common network coding algorithms include Hamming codes, Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, and BCH codes. Besides the network coding algorithm itself, the algorithm information also includes the specific parameters of the algorithm. For example, taking RS codes as an example, the algorithm parameters include the generator matrix. The specific parameters required for the network coding algorithm are determined based on the specific algorithm and will not be elaborated here. In practical implementation, the N2 message may carry a number indicating a network coding algorithm and its parameter information. The base station can determine the network coding algorithm and its parameters based on the number. For example, the base station can configure the correspondence between the number and the network coding algorithm and parameters, or the number can point to a well-known (i.e., standardized) network coding algorithm and its parameters. It should be noted that when using network coding, the N2 message may only carry the network coding algorithm information (i.e., carrying the network coding algorithm information implicitly indicates the use of network coding), or it may indicate the use of network coding and further carry the network coding algorithm information.

[0161] In this implementation, optionally, the N2 message also includes a non-access stratum (NAS) message sent to the UE. If the SMF network element determines that a specific network coding method is used to process the data packets of this service, the SMF network element may include network coding algorithm information in the NAS message so that the UE can decode the data packets according to the network coding algorithm. Optionally, if an active retransmission mechanism is used, the NAS message may also indicate that the QoS flow uses an active retransmission mechanism, or instruct the terminal to discard duplicate data packets.

[0162] Alternatively, in another implementation, the base station determines the processing method for the service based on the first demand information; that is, the N2 message does not include the processing method for the service. The base station can determine the processing method for the service based on its locally configured policy.

[0163] When a base station determines to use an active retransmission mechanism for data packets of a service, it further determines the number of active retransmissions. For example, the base station can determine the number of active retransmissions based on air interface conditions. Alternatively, when a base station determines to use network coding for data packets of a service, it can also determine the network coding algorithm information. For example, the base station can determine the network coding algorithm information based on air interface conditions. The base station can configure the network coding algorithm information to determine the network coding algorithm used when processing data packets of a service using network coding.

[0164] Optionally, SMF network elements can use QoS parameters to indicate that the service is a low-latency, high-reliability service. For example, a specific 5QI can be used to indicate that the service is a low-latency, high-reliability service, or when the packet delay budget (PDB) in the QoS parameters is less than a specified threshold, it indicates that the service flow requires low latency and high reliability.

[0165] Optionally, the SMF network element carries additional indication information to indicate that the service flow requires low latency and high reliability or needs to be processed using this method.

[0166] Optionally, the base station can further determine the processing method for the data packets of this service based on the specific air interface conditions. For example:

[0167] When the air interface condition is #A, the base station employs an active retransmission mechanism. This means the base station actively copies the received downlink data packets N times (N≥1), and then sends N+1 copies to the UE via the air interface. Packet loss will not occur if one of the N+1 data packets is successfully transmitted to the UE via the air interface.

[0168] By employing the above method, the traditional acknowledgment retransmission method can be avoided. This avoids the base station needing to wait for a timer to expire and retransmit, which could cause subsequent data packets to be blocked and unable to be sent to the UE in a timely manner, thus failing to meet the ultra-low latency requirements of the service. Furthermore, because the base station sends multiple identical data packets, the possibility of packet loss is reduced, thereby meeting the service's requirements for low latency and high reliability.

[0169] When the air interface condition is #B, the base station performs network encoding on the downlink data packets.

[0170] Optionally, the SMF network element can send network coding parameters to the base station, such as network coding algorithm information.

[0171] By employing the above method, even in the event of packet loss, the UE can still reconstruct the original data packets. By receiving network coding algorithm information from the SMF network element, the network coding method is determined, saving the UE time in decoding and obtaining the original data packets, thereby reducing data transmission latency. Specifically, the network coding method increases the redundancy of data transmission. Even if the UE cannot receive all data packets during data transmission, it can still reconstruct the original data packets based on the received partial data packets and the network coding method, thus reducing data transmission latency.

[0172] Under the condition of #C in the air interface, the base station can first perform network encoding on the downlink data, and then actively retransmit the encoded data, that is, send N+1 data packets to the UE.

[0173] By combining network coding methods and active retransmission mechanisms, the base station can reduce data transmission latency.

[0174] It should be understood that air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, or base station congestion.

[0175] It should be understood that the air interface conditions #A, #B, and #C described above can be any combination of the parameters listed below, including but not limited to: #A: Parameter 1; #B: Parameter 2; #B: Parameter 1; #B: Parameter 1 and Parameter 2; #C: Parameter 3. Wherein, Parameter 1: Bit error rate greater than the first threshold; Parameter 2: Packet loss rate greater than the second threshold; Parameter 3: The current air interface is within an interference period; Parameter 4: The base station is in a congested state. The various combinations of parameters described above are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as including only the described combinations. The terms first, second, third, and fourth above are used for distinguishing purposes only and do not have a limiting effect.

[0176] Optionally, when the air interface condition is an air interface impairment model and conforms to the random packet loss model, the base station determines to use network coding for the data packets of the service; or, when the air interface condition is an air interface impairment model and conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the base station determines to use an active retransmission mechanism for the data packets of the service.

[0177] It should be understood that this application does not specifically limit which processing method should be used under what air interface conditions. Specifically, an active retransmission mechanism can be selected when the air interface condition is #A, or an active retransmission mechanism can be selected when the air interface condition is #B, or a combination of active retransmission mechanism and network coding can be selected when the air interface condition is #C. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0178] It should be understood that the PCC rule sent by the PCF network element to the SMF network element can be called the second rule. Optionally, the second rule includes instructions on how to process data packets for services, which may include: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method.

[0179] When an SMF network element instructs a base station on how to handle a service, the SMF network element can send the correspondence between the air interface information and the handling method to the base station.

[0180] S204, The base station configures the radio bearer mode for the data packets corresponding to this service flow.

[0181] Specifically, when the base station determines that it should use an active retransmission mechanism or a network coding method for the data packets of the service flow, in one implementation, the base station configures an unacknowledged bearer (i.e., UM mode) for the data packets of the service flow; or, when the base station determines that it should not use an active retransmission mechanism or a network coding method for the data packets of the service flow, the base station can configure an acknowledged bearer (i.e., AM mode) for the data packets of the service flow. That is, when the base station uses an active retransmission mechanism or a network coding method for downlink data packets, the base station sends these data packets to the UE through the bearer corresponding to the unacknowledged mode; when the base station does not use an active retransmission mechanism or a network coding method for downlink data packets, the base station sends these data packets to the UE through the bearer corresponding to the acknowledged mode.

[0182] When configuring a radio bearer, if network coding is used, the base station can send the network coding algorithm information to the UE via a bearer configuration message so that the UE can decode the received downlink data packets. When the base station determines to use network coding to process service data packets, if the network coding algorithm information changes, the base station needs to send the new network coding algorithm information to the UE so that the UE can decode the downlink data packets.

[0183] Optionally, the base station can receive an air interface parameter measurement report sent by the UE, which describes the air interface status. The base station uses the air interface parameter measurement report sent by the UE to determine the air interface status and further combines the first requirement information and the air interface status to determine the processing method for the data packets of the service.

[0184] Optionally, when the base station is congested, the base station can reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the downlink data buffer value to avoid exacerbating the data transmission congestion.

[0185] S205, the base station sends a response message to the SMF network element. Optionally, this response message can be used to report how the base station handles data packets for this service.

[0186] S206, the SMF network element sends a response message to the PCF network element. Optionally, this response message is used to report how the base station handles the data packets for this service.

[0187] S207, the PCF network element sends a response message to the AF network element. Optionally, this response message is used to report how the base station handles the data packets for this service.

[0188] S208, The base station receives and processes downlink data packets.

[0189] After determining the processing method for the data packets of this service, the base station processes the data packets of this service according to the determined processing method.

[0190] When the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the base station processes the data packets of the service according to this processing method, including: the base station processes the data packets of the service according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the base station processes the data packets of the service according to this processing method, including: the base station processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information. It should be noted that the number of active retransmissions can be determined by the base station or by notification from the SMF network element; this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0191] Alternatively, the base station can also determine the air interface status by obtaining the air interface parameter measurement report sent by the UE, and then determine the processing method for the data packets of the service by combining the first requirement information and the air interface status.

[0192] S209, UE receives downlink data packets.

[0193] If the base station employs an active retransmission mechanism, the UE needs to check whether the received data packets are duplicates. If duplicates are found, the duplicate data packets are discarded. The UE can perform data packet duplication detection based on application layer information. For example, if the application layer information of a data packet includes its sequence number, the UE can determine whether it is a duplicate based on the sequence number. The UE can also determine whether data packets are duplicates through the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer number. For example, the base station uses the same PDCP number when sending duplicate data packets.

[0194] If the base station uses network coding, the UE decodes the data packets according to the received network coding algorithm information in order to obtain the original data packets.

[0195] In the technical solution of the above embodiments, the base station determines the processing method for data packets of the service by receiving first demand information sent by the SMF network element. Alternatively, it can determine the air interface status by obtaining an air interface parameter measurement report sent by the UE, and combine this information with the first demand information to determine the processing method for the data packets. This method allows the base station to determine the processing method for data packets of the service based on real-time changes in the air interface status.

[0196] A schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the communication method of this application is shown below. Figure 3 As shown. It should be understood that, Figure 3 The steps or operations of this communication method are illustrated, but these steps or operations are merely examples, and other operations can be performed in this application. Figure 3 Variations of various operations within it.

[0197] S301-S302 are the same as the aforementioned steps S201-S202, and will not be repeated here.

[0198] S303, the SMF network element receives the PCC rule sent by the PCF network element, and determines, based on the PCC rule, to enable an enhanced reliability mechanism for processing the data packets of the service. The reliability mechanism includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method.

[0199] SMF network elements can determine the processing method according to PCC rules. For example, SMF network elements can determine whether to enable the active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method based on the maximum latency and / or 5QI of the service in the PCC rules.

[0200] For example, if the maximum latency required by the service is less than the air interface retransmission response time, the SMF network element determines that the base station should use the unacknowledged retransmission method to process the service data packets.

[0201] Optionally, the SMF network element can determine whether to enable the active retransmission mechanism based on the maximum packet loss rate. For example, the SMF network element can further determine the number of active retransmissions based on the maximum packet loss rate.

[0202] Optionally, the SMF network element can determine the network coding method based on the maximum packet loss rate. The network coding method increases data redundancy; that is, when the UE receives a data packet processed by the network coding method, even if packet loss occurs during transmission, the UE can still recover the original data packet from the received data packet. For example, when the maximum packet loss rate is too high, the SMF network element can determine the network coding method to reduce the possibility of packet loss.

[0203] S304, the UPF network element receives a first rule from the SMF network element. This first rule is used to indicate the processing method for data packets of the service. The processing method includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method.

[0204] Optionally, the first rule may include a correspondence between air interface conditions and the processing method of data packets for services. Specifically, the correspondence includes:

[0205] If the bit error rate is greater than the first threshold, or the packet loss rate is greater than the second threshold, or the air interface is in an interference period, or the base station is in congestion, then the data packets for the service will be processed in this manner.

[0206] Optionally, the correspondence between air interface conditions and the processing method of service data packets may include:

[0207] When the air interface condition is an air interface impairment model and conforms to the random packet loss model, it is determined that the data packets of the service should adopt the network coding method; or, when the air interface condition is an air interface impairment model and conforms to the continuous packet loss model, it is determined that the data packets of the service should adopt the active retransmission mechanism.

[0208] When an SMF network element decides to enable the enhanced reliability mechanism, the SMF network element configures and sends the first rule to the UPF network element.

[0209] Based on the first rule, the UPF network element determines the enhanced processing method for the data packets of the service. For example, when the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the UPF network element processes the data packets of the service according to this method, including: the UPF network element processes the data packets of the service according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, when the processing method is a network coding method, the UPF network element processes the data packets of the service according to this method, including: the UPF network element processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information. It should be noted that the number of active retransmissions can be determined by the UPF network element or indicated by the first rule; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0210] S305, the SMF network element sends an N2 message to the base station. The N2 message is used to instruct the base station to establish a radio bearer corresponding to the service.

[0211] The N2 message includes first information, which instructs the base station to report air interface parameters to the UPF or SMF network element. These air interface parameters describe the air interface conditions, which can be used to determine the processing method for data packets of the service. For example, the SMF network element instructs the base station to report information such as packet loss rate, bit error rate, and base station congestion indication caused by non-congestion. The first information can indicate the triggering conditions for the base station to report air interface parameters, such as reporting air interface parameters when the air interface conditions reach a certain threshold. For example, air interface parameters are sent when the packet loss rate reaches a first threshold, or when the bit error rate reaches a second threshold.

[0212] The N2 message includes second information, which indicates that the base station has actively retransmitted or used network coding for the service flow corresponding to the service, or that the base station does not use AM mode for the service flow. SMF can instruct the base station not to use AM mode for the service flow through the service's QoS parameters, such as a specific 5QI, or it can express this requirement through a dedicated instruction.

[0213] Optionally, the N2 message may also include third information, which instructs the base station to send the QoS stream data packets via dual connectivity (DC).

[0214] Optionally, the N2 message may also include fourth information, which may specify the bandwidth when the QoS flow is sent through the primary and secondary base stations respectively, such as 1M bandwidth for the primary base station link and 1M bandwidth for the secondary base station link (total 2M bandwidth). Accordingly, the base station can configure the air interface resources of the primary and secondary base stations for the QoS flow through dual-connection transmission. If downlink traffic splitting is performed by the UPF network element, the base station will send the downlink tunnel information of the primary and secondary base stations to the SMF network element, so that the SMF network element can further send it to the UPF network element. The SMF network element can instruct the UPF network element on the traffic splitting principle, such as sending the data packets of the service on the two links according to a certain bandwidth ratio (e.g., the bandwidth of the two DC links is the same). The UPF network element splits the downlink data packets according to the traffic splitting principle.

[0215] Optionally, the N2 message also includes a NAS message sent to the UE. If the SMF network element determines that a specific network coding method is used to process the data packets of this service, the SMF network element may include network coding algorithm information in the NAS message so that the UE can decode the data packets according to the network coding algorithm. Optionally, if an active retransmission mechanism is used, the NAS message may also indicate that the QoS flow uses an active retransmission mechanism, or instruct the terminal to discard duplicate data packets.

[0216] S306, the base station configures the radio bearer for this service.

[0217] In step S305, based on the N2 information sent to the base station by the SMF network element, the base station can perform the following processing on the service flow of this service:

[0218] Method #1: The base station determines, based on the second information, that the AM mechanism will not be enabled for this QoS flow. In this method, the base station does not enable the reliable retransmission mechanism for the downlink data packets corresponding to this QoS flow, thus avoiding the blocking of subsequent data packet transmission due to packet loss.

[0219] Method #2: For each downlink data packet, the base station determines whether to enable the AM mechanism based on whether the UPF network element has enabled enhanced reliability mechanisms (i.e., active retransmission and / or network coding methods for data packet processing). The base station can determine whether the UPF has adopted enhanced reliability mechanisms based on the indication information in the downlink data packet header, i.e., the GPRS tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U). If the packet header indicates that the UPF network element has enabled enhanced reliability mechanisms, the base station directly sends the data packet to the UE using an unacknowledged method. Alternatively, if the packet header indicates that the UPF network element has not adopted enhanced reliability mechanisms, the base station sends the data packet to the UE using an acknowledged method (i.e., AM method).

[0220] It should be noted that the base station can configure different radio bearers for the QoS flow of this service, using both AM and non-AM modes. Specifically, when the data packets of this QoS flow are sent using AM mode, the base station transmits the data packets through the radio bearer corresponding to AM mode; when sent using non-AM mode, the base station transmits the data packets through the radio bearer corresponding to non-AM mode. The terminal can determine whether the radio bearer corresponds to AM or non-AM mode based on the radio bearer configuration.

[0221] If the N2 message also includes third information, the base station allocates resources from the primary and secondary base stations for this service based on the third information. If the fourth information indicates the ratio information sent by the primary and secondary base stations, the base station configures the radio bearer according to this ratio information. If downlink services are offloaded by the UPF, the base station allocates downlink tunnel information to the primary and secondary base stations respectively.

[0222] S307, the base station sends a response message.

[0223] Optionally, the base station transmits the downlink tunnel information of the primary and secondary base stations to the SMF network element.

[0224] Optionally, the base station may send the radio bearer configuration results to the SMF network element, for example, whether the bearer of the primary and secondary base stations has been successfully allocated.

[0225] S308, the SMF network element sends a response message to the PCF network element. Optionally, this response message is used to report how the base station handles the data packets for this service.

[0226] S309, the PCF network element sends a response message to the AF network element. Optionally, this message is used to report how the base station handles data packets for this service.

[0227] S310, the base station reports air interface parameters to the UPF network element or SMF network element.

[0228] Based on the content of the first information, the base station reports a first air interface parameter report to the UPF network element or SMF network element. This first air interface parameter report is used to describe the air interface status. When sending the first air interface parameter report to the UPF network element, the base station can send the first air interface parameter report via GTP-U.

[0229] Optionally, the first information sent by the SMF network element may carry the triggering conditions for the base station to send air interface parameters. For example, this could be the frequency of air interface parameter transmission, or transmission when the packet loss rate or bit error rate reaches a certain threshold, or transmission when the base station is congested. The base station reports the air interface parameters to the UPF network element or SMF network element according to the triggering conditions set by the SMF network element. If the SMF network element instructs the base station to perform air interface measurements, the base station can also initiate air interface measurements (how to perform air interface measurements can be found in existing protocols, which will not be elaborated here), and report the measurement results to the UPF network element or SMF network element.

[0230] Steps S311a and S311b are the steps by which the SMF network element receives and processes the air interface parameter report:

[0231] Step 311a: SMF network element processes air interface parameters.

[0232] SMF network elements process air interface parameters to determine the air interface status. For example, the air interface status could be a bit error rate exceeding a certain threshold, a packet loss rate exceeding a certain threshold, base station congestion, or whether the current air interface is within an interference cycle. SMF network elements can also perform more complex processing of air interface parameters; for example, they can input the received air interface parameters into machine learning software, which then outputs results, and the SMF network element uses these results to determine the air interface status.

[0233] Step 311b: SMF updates the first rule.

[0234] When an SMF network element determines that the first rule needs to be updated based on the air interface conditions, it sends the updated first rule to the UPF network element. For example, if the bit error rate or packet loss rate exceeds a certain threshold, and the SMF network element determines that the number of active retransmissions needs to be increased, or the network coding method needs to be adjusted (e.g., increasing the redundancy ratio), then the SMF network element re-determines the first rule and sends the updated first rule to the UPF network element, so that the UPF network element can process the data packets for that service according to the updated first rule.

[0235] Optionally, when the air interface situation changes to an air interface impairment model and conforms to a random packet loss model, the SMF network element determines to change the processing mode of the data packets for this service to network coding; or when the air interface situation changes to an air interface impairment model and conforms to a continuous packet loss model, the SMF network element determines to change the processing mode of the data packets for this service to an active retransmission mechanism. In this case, the SMF network element updates the first rule to notify the UPF network element to process the data packets for this service according to the new processing mode.

[0236] Optionally, when the SMF network element detects base station congestion, it can modify the first rule to notify the UPF network element to reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the size of the downlink data buffer. Reducing the downlink transmission rate is to decrease the number of data packets sent to the base station, thereby alleviating air interface congestion, while increasing the buffer size is to prevent packet loss due to buffer overflow caused by the reduced transmission rate on the UPF network element.

[0237] S311c, UPF network element processes air interface parameters.

[0238] UPF network elements process air interface parameters to determine the air interface status. For example, the air interface status could be a bit error rate exceeding a certain threshold, a packet loss rate exceeding a certain threshold, base station congestion, or whether the current air interface is within an interference cycle. UPF network elements can also perform more complex processing of air interface parameters; for example, they can input the air interface parameters into machine learning software, have the software output results, and then the UPF network element can determine the air interface status based on the output results.

[0239] When the air interface condition is an air interface impairment model, the UPF network element can analyze the air interface impairment model based on the air interface parameters sent by the base station and take different actions according to the impairment model. For example, when the current air interface impairment model is a random packet loss model, the UPF network element adopts network coding; when the air interface impairment model is a continuous packet loss model, the UPF network element adopts an active retransmission mechanism.

[0240] S312, the UPF network element processes downlink data packets.

[0241] The UPF network element determines the processing method for downlink data packets based on the first rule from the SMF network element. The UPF network element then sends the processed data packets to the base station, which in turn sends them to the UE.

[0242] Optionally, the UPF network element can also determine the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the air interface situation and in conjunction with the first rule. The determination process can be found in the aforementioned step S203, and will not be repeated here.

[0243] Optionally, if the UPF network element adopts an active retransmission mechanism or network coding method, the UPF network element may carry first indication information in the GTP-U header. This first indication information indicates that the data packet uses this processing method. The first indication information is also used by the base station to determine the first processing method for the data packet, which includes: acknowledgment retransmission or non-acknowledgment retransmission. For example, when the first indication information indicates that the data packet adopts active retransmission and / or network coding method, the first processing method can be non-acknowledgment retransmission; or, when the first indication information indicates that the data packet does not adopt active retransmission or network coding method (or does not carry the first indication information), the first processing method can be acknowledgment retransmission. In this way, the base station can decide whether the data packet bypasses AM mode based on the first indication information. In another implementation, the UPF network element may carry second indication information in the GTP-U header. This second indication information is used to instruct the base station to send the data packet using the non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

[0244] Optionally, when the UPF network element detects base station congestion, it can reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the size of the downlink data buffer. Reducing the downlink transmission rate is to decrease the number of data packets sent to the base station, thereby alleviating air interface congestion, while increasing the buffer size is to prevent packet loss due to buffer overflow caused by the reduced transmission rate on the UPF network element.

[0245] S313, the UE receives downlink data packets.

[0246] If the UPF network element employs an active retransmission mechanism, the UE needs to check whether the received data packets are duplicates. If duplicates are found, the duplicate data packets are discarded. The UE can perform data packet duplication detection based on application layer information. For example, if the application layer information of a data packet includes its sequence number, the UE can determine whether it is a duplicate based on the sequence number. The UE can also determine whether a data packet is a duplicate based on the PDCP layer number. For example, the base station uses the same PDCP number when sending duplicate data packets.

[0247] If the UPF network element uses network coding, the UE decodes the data packet according to the received network coding algorithm information in order to obtain the original data packet.

[0248] In the technical solution of the above embodiment, the UPF network element receives a first rule from the SMF network element, determines a processing method based on the first rule, and processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method. Furthermore, the base station can determine to process the data packets of the service using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method according to the indication information of the SMF or UPF, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the transmission of subsequent data packets is blocked due to the inability to receive timely acknowledgment feedback from the terminal when the air interface conditions deteriorate, thus reducing data transmission latency.

[0249] A schematic flowchart of the communication method in another embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 4 As shown. It should be understood that, Figure 4 The steps or operations of this communication method are illustrated, but these steps or operations are merely examples, and other operations may be performed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 Variations of various operations within it.

[0250] S401, the PCF network element receives service information sent by the AF network element, which is used to indicate the service demand information.

[0251] Optionally, the AF network element also sends a fifth piece of information, which instructs the AF network element to subscribe to the air interface status from the core network. Optionally, the AF network element can set conditions for sending reports, for example, when the packet loss rate caused by non-congestion exceeds a certain threshold, a second air interface parameter report is sent to the AF network element; or when the air interface enters an interference period, an air interface parameter report is sent to the AF, etc.

[0252] Optionally, the fifth piece of information is also used to instruct the core network to report air interface information to the AF network element in a low-latency manner, that is, to report the air interface information to the AF network element in real time.

[0253] Optionally, the AF network element may also indicate that the service is a low-latency service. Optionally, the service can be indicated as a low-latency service through service information, for example, the service information includes the latency requirements of the service, and the service can be determined to be a low-latency service based on the latency requirements. Alternatively, the AF network element may also send a fifth indication information, which is used to indicate that the service is a low-latency high-latency service.

[0254] S402, the PCF network element determines the PCC rule based on the service information and sends the PCC rule to the SMF network element.

[0255] PCC rules can include information about AF network elements subscribing to the air interface from the core network.

[0256] Optionally, if the AF network element sends an indication that the service requires low latency, the PCC rule can also carry this indication. The low latency indication can be a dedicated indication, or it can be indicated by the latency requirement value and / or 5QI.

[0257] S403, the SMF network element receives the PCC rules sent by the PCF network element.

[0258] If an AF network element has subscribed to air interface information reports from the PCF and requires low-latency reports, the SMF network element will instruct the UPF network element to send the air interface information reports directly to the AF network element. The SMF network element can send the notification address of the AF network element to the UPF network element, and the UPF network element will use this notification address to send the air interface information reports to the AF network element.

[0259] Step S404 can be referred to the aforementioned step S305, and will not be repeated here.

[0260] Step S405 is similar to step S306 described above. However, the difference lies in that in step S405, the AF network element can directly notify the UE of the network coding algorithm. When the SMF network element notifies the UE of the network coding through NAS information, then in steps S401, S402, and S403 described above, the AF network element sends the network coding parameters to the PCF network element, and the PCF network element further sends them to the SMF network element.

[0261] Steps S406-S408 are the same as steps S205-S207 mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0262] S409 is similar to the aforementioned step S310, and will not be described again here.

[0263] S410, the UPF network element or SMF network element sends a second air interface parameter report to the AF network element. This second air interface parameter report is used to describe the air interface status.

[0264] UPF or SMF network elements can directly send the air interface information received from the base station to the AF network element, or UPF or SMF network elements can process the received information first and then send the processing result to the AF network element.

[0265] For the processing of air interface parameters by UPF or SMF network elements, please refer to the aforementioned step S311, which will not be repeated here.

[0266] S411, the AF network element processes downlink data packets according to this processing method.

[0267] The AF network element determines the processing method for the data packets of this service based on the air interface conditions. The processing method can be found in the aforementioned step S203, and will not be repeated here.

[0268] When the AF network element determines that the data packet for this service uses active retransmission and / or network coding, the AF network element can carry a sixth indication information in the data packet header to indicate that the data packet for this service uses an active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method (for example, carrying the indication information in the IP packet header, or carrying the indication information in the real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet header, or carrying the indication information in a custom field; the specific implementation is not limited in this embodiment). When the UPF network element receives the data packet, it can determine whether the AF network element has used an active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method for the data packet based on the sixth indication information carried in the data packet. Furthermore, the UPF network element can carry a third or fourth indication information in the GTP-U packet header, so that the base station can determine whether to send the data packet for this service using an unacknowledged retransmission method based on the indication information.

[0269] S412, the UE receives downlink data packets.

[0270] If the AF network element employs an active retransmission mechanism, the UE needs to check whether the received data packets are duplicates. If duplicates are found, the duplicate data packets are discarded. The UE can perform data packet duplication detection based on application layer information. For example, if the application layer information of a data packet includes its sequence number, the UE can determine whether it is a duplicate based on the sequence number. The UE can also determine whether a data packet is a duplicate based on the PDCP layer number. For example, the base station uses the same PDCP number when sending duplicate data packets.

[0271] If the AF network element uses network coding, the UE decodes the data packet according to the received network coding algorithm information in order to obtain the original data packet.

[0272] In the technical solution of the above embodiment, the AF network element determines the air interface status by obtaining the second air interface parameter report, and determines the processing method for the data packets of the service according to the air interface status. Then, it processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the transmission of subsequent data packets is blocked due to the inability to receive timely confirmation feedback from the terminal when the air interface conditions deteriorate, and reducing the latency of data transmission.

[0273] Figure 5 A schematic block diagram of a communication device 500 applying an embodiment of this application is shown. Any network element involved in any of the methods 200 to 400 described above, such as a mobility management network element or a policy control network element, can be provided by... Figure 5 The communication device shown is used to achieve this.

[0274] It should be understood that the communication device 500 can be a physical device, a component of a physical device (e.g., an integrated circuit, a chip, etc.), or a functional module within a physical device.

[0275] like Figure 5 As shown, the communication device 500 includes one or more processors 501. The processor 501 can store execution instructions for performing the methods of the embodiments of this application. Optionally, the processor 501 can invoke an interface to implement receiving and transmitting functions. The interface can be a logical interface or a physical interface, without limitation. For example, the interface can be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit. The transceiver circuit or interface circuit used to implement receiving and transmitting functions can be separate or integrated together. The aforementioned transceiver circuit or interface circuit can be used for reading and writing code / data, or it can be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0276] Optionally, the interface can be implemented using a transceiver. Optionally, the communication device 500 may also include a transceiver 503. The transceiver 503 may be referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, or transceiver, etc., and is used to implement transceiver functions.

[0277] Optionally, the communication device 500 may further include a memory 502. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the deployment location of the memory 502; the memory may be integrated into the processor or may be independent of the processor. In the case where the communication device 500 does not include a memory, the communication device 500 only needs to have processing capabilities, and the memory can be deployed in other locations (e.g., a cloud system).

[0278] The processor 501, memory 502 and transceiver 503 communicate with each other through internal connection paths to transmit control and / or data signals.

[0279] It is understood that, although not shown, the communication device 500 may also include other devices, such as input devices, output devices, batteries, etc.

[0280] Optionally, in some embodiments, memory 502 may store execution instructions for performing the methods of the embodiments of this application. Processor 501 may execute the instructions stored in memory 502 in conjunction with other hardware (e.g., transceiver 503) to complete the steps of the method execution shown below. For specific working processes and beneficial effects, please refer to the description in the method embodiments below.

[0281] The methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be applied to processor 503, or implemented by processor 503. Processor 503 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the processor or by instructions in the form of software. The processor mentioned above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the instructions from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0282] It is understood that memory 502 can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which serves as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0283] It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0284] Figure 6 A schematic block diagram of a communication device 600 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Optionally, the specific form of the communication device 600 may be a general-purpose computer device or a chip in a general-purpose computer device; this application embodiment does not limit this. Figure 6 As shown, the communication device 600 includes a transceiver unit 610 and a processing unit 620.

[0285] Specifically, the communication device 600 can be any network element involved in this application, and can implement the functions that the network element can perform. It should be understood that the communication device 600 can be a physical device, a component of a physical device (e.g., an integrated circuit, a chip, etc.), or a functional module in a physical device.

[0286] For example, the communication device 600 can be used to implement the functions of the base station in this application. The communication device includes: a transceiver unit 610, configured to receive an N2 message from an SMF network element (see the detailed description of the content included in the N2 message in steps S203 and S305 above, which will not be repeated here); configured to receive an air interface parameter measurement report sent by a UE, the air interface parameter measurement report being used to describe the air interface situation; configured to receive downlink data packets; and configured to send a response message to the SMF network element.

[0287] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The transceiver unit 610 will also be used to perform all the transceiver operations related to the base station in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0288] The processing unit 620 is configured to determine the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the first demand message, and process the data packets of the service according to the processing method; determine the air interface status based on the air interface parameter measurement report sent by the UE, and determine the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the air interface status; configure a specific bearer mode for the service flow; and decide to reduce the downlink data transmission rate and increase the data buffer value based on the congestion situation.

[0289] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all the base station-related processing operations in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0290] It should be understood that in this implementation, the communication device 600 can correspond to the base station in the aforementioned method embodiments, and the above and other management operations and / or functions of each module in the communication device 600 are respectively the corresponding steps of the base station in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400. Therefore, the beneficial effects in the aforementioned method embodiments can also be achieved. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0291] For example, the communication device 600 can be used to implement the functions of the user plane function network element in this application. The communication device includes: a transceiver unit 610, configured to receive a first rule from the SMF network element, the first rule being used to indicate the processing method of data packets for services; configured to receive a first air interface parameter report from the base station, the first air interface parameter report being used to describe the air interface status; and configured to receive downlink data packets.

[0292] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all transmit and receive operations related to user plane function network elements in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0293] The processing unit 620 is used to determine the processing method of the data packets of the service according to the first rule; to determine the processing method of the data packets of the service according to the obtained air interface information; to process the data packets of the service; and to reduce the downlink transmission rate and increase the data buffer value when the base station is detected to be congested.

[0294] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all processing operations related to user plane function network elements in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0295] It should be understood that in this implementation, the communication device 600 can correspond to the user plane function network element in the aforementioned method embodiments, and the above and other management operations and / or functions of each module in the communication device 600 are respectively the corresponding steps of the user plane function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400. Therefore, the beneficial effects in the aforementioned method embodiments can also be achieved. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0296] For example, the communication device 600 can be used to implement the functions of the application function network element in this application. The communication device includes: a processing unit 610, configured to send a second demand message for a service to the PCF network element, the second demand message indicating the low latency and high reliability requirements of the service; configured to receive a response message from the PCF network element; and configured to receive a second air interface parameter report from the UPF network element, the second air interface parameter report describing the air interface status.

[0297] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all the transmit and receive operations related to the application function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0298] The processing unit 620 is used to determine the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the acquired air interface information; and to process the data packets of the service according to the determined processing method.

[0299] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all processing operations related to the application function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0300] It should be understood that in this implementation, the communication device 600 can correspond to the application function network element in the aforementioned method embodiments, and the above and other management operations and / or functions of each module in the communication device 600 are respectively the corresponding steps of the application function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400. Therefore, the beneficial effects in the aforementioned method embodiments can also be achieved. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0301] For example, the communication device 600 can be used to implement the functions of the session management function network element in this application. The communication device includes: a processing unit 610, configured to receive second demand information of a service from an application function network element or a request for subscription air interface parameters from an application function network element, wherein the second demand information indicates that the service requires low latency and high reliability; and configured to receive a response message from a PCF network element.

[0302] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all send and receive operations related to the session management function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0303] The processing unit 620 is configured to send first information to the access network device according to the second requirement information or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters. The first information is used to instruct the access network device to report air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element. The air interface parameters are used to describe the air interface status, and the air interface status is used to determine the processing method of data packets for services.

[0304] It should be understood that the above content is only an illustrative description. The processing unit 620 will also be used to perform all processing operations related to the session management function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400, and can achieve the beneficial effects corresponding to the method side. For the sake of simplicity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0305] It should be understood that in this implementation, the communication device 600 can correspond to the session management function network element in the aforementioned method embodiments, and the above and other management operations and / or functions of each module in the communication device 600 are respectively the corresponding steps of the session management function network element in the aforementioned methods 200 to 400. Therefore, the beneficial effects in the aforementioned method embodiments can also be achieved. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0306] It should also be understood that the device 600 can also be used to implement the functions of the PCF network element in the above method embodiments, wherein the transceiver unit 610 can be used to implement operations related to receiving and transmitting, and the processing unit 620 can be used to implement other operations besides receiving and transmitting. For details, please refer to the description in the above method embodiments, which will not be listed here.

[0307] Furthermore, in this application, the communication device 600 is presented in the form of a functional module. Here, "module" can refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), circuit, processor and memory executing one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuit, and / or other devices that can provide the aforementioned functions. In a simple embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that device 600 can employ... Figure 5 The processing unit 620 can be in the form shown. Figure 5 The processor 501 shown is used for implementation. Optionally, if Figure 5 The computer device shown includes a memory 502, and a processing unit 620 can be implemented using a processing unit 501 and a memory 502. A transceiver unit 610 can... Figure 5 The transceiver 503 shown is used for implementation. The transceiver 503 includes receiving and transmitting functions. Specifically, the processor implements this by executing a computer program stored in memory. Optionally, when the device 500 is a chip, the function and / or implementation process of the transceiver unit 610 can also be implemented through pins or circuits, etc. Optionally, the memory can be a storage unit within the chip, such as a register or cache, or the storage unit can be a storage unit located outside the chip within the computer device, such as... Figure 5 The memory 502 shown may also be a storage unit deployed in other systems or devices, not within the computer device. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0308] Various aspects or features of this application can be implemented as methods, apparatus, or articles of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. As used herein, the term "article of manufacture" encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). Additionally, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0309] This application also provides a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a computer, implements the functions of any of the above method embodiments.

[0310] This application also provides a computer program product that, when executed by a computer, implements the functions of any of the above-described method embodiments. In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved wholly or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented wholly or partially as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0311] It should be understood that the term "embodiment" used throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, various embodiments throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence numbers of the above processes do not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0312] It should also be understood that in this application, “when…”, “if” and “if” all refer to the UE or base station taking corresponding actions under certain objective circumstances, and are not time-limited, nor do they require the UE or base station to perform a judgment action, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0313] Furthermore, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this paper. The term "and / or" in this paper is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0314] In this document, the terms “at least one of…” or “at least one of…” refer to all or any combination of the listed items. For example, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean: A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, B and C together, and A, B and C together.

[0315] Unless otherwise specified in this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more.

[0316] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined based on A. However, it should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0317] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0318] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0319] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0320] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0321] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0322] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0323] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The access network equipment receives the first service request information from the session management function network element; The access network device determines the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the first requirement information. The processing method includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method. The access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method. The method for determining the data packets of the service includes: When the air interface conditions conform to the random packet loss model, the access network device determines to use the network encoding method for the data packets of the service; or, When the air interface condition conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the access network device determines to use the active retransmission mechanism for the data packets of the service.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first requirement information is used to indicate that the service requires high reliability and low latency.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the access network device processes the service data packets according to the processing method, including: the access network device processes the service data packets according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, When the processing method is network coding, the access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the access network device processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information.

4. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The access network device obtains the air interface information; The access network device determines the processing method for the data packets of the service based on the first requirement information, including: The access network device determines the processing method based on the first requirement information and the air interface status.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion status of the access network equipment.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The access network device determines the processing method based on the first demand information and the air interface status, including: When the bit error rate is greater than the first threshold, the access network device determines to use the processing method for the data packets of the service; or, When the packet loss rate exceeds the second threshold, the access network device determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service; or, When the air interface is in an interference period, the access network device determines to use the processing method described above for the data packets of the service; or, When the access network device is congested, the access network device determines to use the processing method for the data packets of the service.

7. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When the processing method is network coding, the method further includes: The access network device obtains the algorithm information of the network coding; The access network device sends the network coding algorithm information to the terminal device.

8. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the access network device is congested, the access network device reduces the downlink transmission rate and increases the downlink data buffer value.

9. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The user plane function network element receives a first rule from the session management function network element. The first rule indicates the processing method for data packets of the service. The processing method includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method. The user plane function network element receives the data packets of the service; The user plane function network element determines the processing method according to the first rule; The user plane function network element processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method. The processing method corresponds to the air interface situation, including: When the air interface conditions conform to the random packet loss model, the network encoding method is used for the data packets of the service; or, When the air interface condition conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the active retransmission mechanism is applied to the data packets of the service.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the processing method is an active retransmission mechanism, the user plane function network element processes the service data packets according to the processing method, including: the user plane function network element processes the service data packets according to the active retransmission mechanism and the number of active retransmissions; or, When the processing method is network coding, the user plane function network element processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method, including: the user plane function network element processes the data packets of the service according to the network coding method and the network coding algorithm information.

11. The method as described in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, Also includes: The user plane function network element receives a first air interface parameter report from the access network device, the first air interface parameter report being used to describe the air interface status; The user plane function network element determines the data packet processing method for the service based on the air interface conditions.

12. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion status of access network equipment.

13. The method as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The first rule includes the correspondence between the air interface situation and the processing method.

14. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The correspondence between the air interface status and the processing method includes: When the bit error rate exceeds the third threshold, the data packets for the service are processed using the aforementioned method; or, When the packet loss rate exceeds the fourth threshold, the data packets for the service are processed using the aforementioned method; or, When the air interface is in an interference period, the data packets for the service are processed using the aforementioned method; or, When the access network device is congested, the data packets of the service are processed using the aforementioned method.

15. The method as described in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The header of the data packet of the service includes first indication information, which indicates whether the data packet of the service has adopted the processing method. The first indication information is used by the access network device to determine the first processing method for the data packet. The first processing method includes: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The header of the data packet for the service also includes second indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the second indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgement retransmission method.

17. The method as described in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, Also includes: When the access network equipment is congested, the user plane function network element reduces the downlink transmission rate and increases the downlink data buffer value.

18. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The application function network element receives the second air interface parameter report, which is used to describe the air interface status. The application function network element determines the processing method for service data packets based on the air interface situation. The processing method includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method. The application function network element processes the data packets of the service according to the processing method. The application function network element determines the processing method for service data packets based on the air interface conditions, including: When the air interface conditions conform to the random packet loss model, the application function network element determines to use the network encoding method for the data packets of the service; or... When the air interface condition conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the application function network element determines to adopt the active retransmission mechanism for the data packets of the service.

19. The method as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion status of access network equipment.

20. The method as described in claim 19, characterized in that, Also includes: The application function network element subscribes to the air interface status.

21. The method as described in claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The application function network element determines the processing method for service data packets based on the air interface conditions, including: When the bit error rate exceeds the fifth threshold, the application function network element determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service; or, When the packet loss rate exceeds the sixth threshold, the application function network element determines to apply the processing method to the data packets of the service; or, When the air interface is in an interference period, the application function network element determines to use the processing method described above for the data packets of the service; or... When the access network device is congested, the application function network element determines to use the processing method for the data packets of the service.

22. The method as described in claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The header of the data packet of the service includes third indication information, which indicates whether the data packet of the service adopts the processing method. The third indication information is used by the access network device to determine the second processing method for the data packet. The second processing method includes: acknowledgment retransmission method or non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

23. The method as described in claim 22, characterized in that, The header of the data packet for the service also includes fourth indication information, which instructs the access network device to send the data packet using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method, or the fourth indication information instructs the access network device to send the data packet using an acknowledgment retransmission method.

24. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The session management function network element receives second requirement information of the service from the application function network element or a request for subscription air interface parameters from the application function network element. The second requirement information is used to indicate that the service requires high reliability and low latency. The session management function network element sends first information to the access network device based on the second requirement information or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters. The first information instructs the access network device to report air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element. The air interface parameters describe the air interface status, and the air interface status determines the processing method for the data packets of the service. The processing method includes: an active retransmission mechanism and / or a network coding method. Specifically, when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the data packets of the service adopt the network coding method; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the data packets of the service adopt the active retransmission mechanism.

25. The method as described in claim 24, characterized in that, The air interface conditions include at least one of the following: bit error rate, packet loss rate, interference period, and congestion status of the access network equipment.

26. The method as described in claim 25, characterized in that, The first information is used to instruct the access network device to report the air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element when the bit error rate is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, or the packet loss rate is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, or when an interference cycle is entered.

27. The method as described in claim 26, characterized in that, Also includes: The session management function network element sends a second message to the access network device, the second message being used to instruct the access network device to send the data packets of the service using a non-acknowledgment retransmission method.

28. A communication system, characterized in that, include: User plane function network elements and session management function network elements; The session management function network element is used to send a first rule to the user plane function network element. The first rule indicates the processing method for data packets of the service. The processing method includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method. The user plane function network element is used to receive data packets of the service; determine the processing method according to the first rule; and process the data packets of the service according to the processing method. Specifically, when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the data packets of the service adopt the network coding method; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the data packets of the service adopt the active retransmission mechanism.

29. A communication system, characterized in that, include: Application function network elements and session management function network elements; The application function network element is used to send the second requirement information of the service or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters to the session management function network element. The second requirement information is used to indicate that the service requires high reliability and low latency. The session management function network element is used to send first information to the access network device according to the second requirement information or the request to subscribe to air interface parameters. The first information is used to instruct the access network device to report air interface parameters to the user plane function network element or the session management function network element. The air interface parameters are used to describe the air interface situation. The air interface situation is used to determine the processing method for the data packets of the service. The processing method includes: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method. The application function network element is also used to receive a second air interface parameter report, which describes the air interface status; determine the processing method for service data packets based on the air interface status, the processing method including: active retransmission mechanism and / or network coding method; and process the service data packets according to the processing method. Specifically, when the air interface situation conforms to the random packet loss model, the data packets of the service adopt the network coding method; or, when the air interface situation conforms to the continuous packet loss model, the data packets of the service adopt the active retransmission mechanism.

30. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes a processor coupled to a memory for storing computer programs or instructions, and the processor for executing the computer programs or instructions in the memory, such that... The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 is performed, or The method of any one of claims 9 to 17 is performed, or The method of any one of claims 18 to 23 is performed, or The method of any one of claims 24 to 27 is performed.

31. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program or instructions for implementing The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or The method according to any one of claims 9 to 17, or The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, or The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27.

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