Variable structure circuit for flow control voltage conversion and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses a variable structure circuit and control method for current-controlled voltage conversion, including a current sampling unit, a structure selection unit, a control unit, and a constant voltage output variable structure unit. The current sampling unit collects the current flowing through the load in real time during both detection and operation states and sends the current signal to the structure selection unit. Based on the current signal input from the current sampling unit, the structure selection unit automatically detects the load type during detection and monitors the magnitude of the load current during operation, outputting corresponding signals to the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit. The control unit outputs corresponding control signals to the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The constant voltage output variable structure unit connects different structure circuits to the operating circuit based on the on / off state of a relay. Simultaneously, under different control signal inputs from the control unit, it outputs a detection voltage during detection and outputs different constant voltages required by different loads during operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of voltage conversion technology, and in particular to a variable structure circuit and control method for current-controlled voltage conversion. Background Technology

[0002] Different devices and components have different power requirements. A common scenario is the need for a power supply with constant voltage and current control.

[0003] A typical example is electronic devices in everyday charging scenarios. These devices require a constant charging voltage and have limitations on the range of charging current. Furthermore, different types of electronic devices require different voltages and have different current range limitations, thus leading to the development of different types of charging devices that provide different power sources.

[0004] Providing different power generating devices for different equipment and components will lead to several problems: safety hazards, as incorrect use of power generating devices can damage equipment and components, or even endanger users; waste of consumables and production costs, as each type of equipment and component requires a dedicated power generating device, which is wasteful of consumables and production costs and does not conform to the principles of green development; and poor user experience, as the connection of power generating devices to equipment and components requires manual judgment, making operation cumbersome (CN202210020666.8).

[0005] Therefore, how to design a circuit and control method that can automatically provide constant voltage power supplies of different sizes to different types of loads while controlling the current magnitude within a preset range is a key problem that urgently needs to be solved by those in this field.

[0006] Methods to achieve multiple voltage outputs: These methods dynamically change a key parameter in the voltage output circuit through a control circuit, thereby achieving different voltage outputs. For example, changing the duty cycle in a boost circuit can alter the output voltage. However, these methods cannot provide different output current limits for specific load types. Existing methods often only control the output voltage. The output voltage range is relatively small, making it difficult to guarantee high-efficiency operation when powering different loads. For instance, while changing the duty cycle of a boost circuit can yield different output voltages, this range is limited and narrow. If the voltage requirements of the loads differ significantly, it's often impossible to ensure the circuit operates at a high-efficiency point for each load. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above technical problems, this invention provides a variable structure circuit and control method for current-controlled voltage conversion. The variable structure circuit includes a current sampling unit, a structure selection unit, a control unit, and a constant voltage output variable structure unit. The current sampling unit collects the current flowing through the load in real time during both the detection and operating states and sends the current signal to the structure selection unit. Based on the current signal input from the current sampling unit, the structure selection unit automatically detects the load type during the detection state and monitors the magnitude of the load current during the operating state, outputting corresponding signals to the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit. The control unit outputs corresponding control signals to the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The constant voltage output variable structure unit connects different structure circuits to the operating circuit based on the on / off state of the relay. Simultaneously, under different control signal inputs from the control unit, it outputs a detection voltage during the detection state and outputs different constant voltages required by different loads during the operating state. This invention's variable structure circuit outputs different voltages by changing the structure, allowing for outputs of significantly different voltage values ​​while maintaining high-efficiency operation. While the circuit and control strategy are complex, only a simple judgment needs to be implemented by the control chip; other logical judgments are implemented through efficient and fast logic circuits, resulting in a simple overall circuit and control.

[0008] The present invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.

[0009] A variable structure circuit for current-controlled voltage conversion includes: a constant voltage output variable structure unit, a current sampling unit, a structure selection unit, and a control unit;

[0010] The input terminal of the current sampling unit is connected to the load to collect the current flowing through the load; the output terminal of the current sampling unit is connected to the structure selection unit to transmit the collected current signal to the structure selection unit.

[0011] The structure selection unit is connected to the corresponding ports of the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit;

[0012] The control unit is connected to the constant voltage output variable structure unit. After processing the signal input by the structure selection unit, the control unit outputs a corresponding control signal to act on the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0013] After receiving signals from the structure selection unit and the control unit, the constant voltage output variable structure unit completes the transformation of the structure circuit, the output of different voltages, and the switching of states. The entire circuit achieves the effect of outputting different constant voltages according to different load types while monitoring the current.

[0014] Furthermore, the constant voltage output variable structure unit includes a fixed structure, a first inductor L0, a second inductor L1, a third inductor L2, a first capacitor C0, a second capacitor C1, a third capacitor C2, a first resistor r0, a first relay J0, a second relay J1, and a third relay J2; the fixed structure includes a DC power supply V, a switching transistor S, and a diode D1.

[0015] The first terminal of the switching transistor S is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply V, the second terminal of the switching transistor S is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the third terminal of the switching transistor S is connected to the PWM signal output by the switching transistor drive module in the control unit; the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the DC power supply V.

[0016] The first terminals of the first inductor L0, the second inductor L1, and the third inductor L2 are connected to the second terminal of the switching transistor S; the second terminals of the first inductor L0, the second inductor L1, and the third inductor L2 are respectively connected to the first capacitor C0, the second capacitor C1, and the third capacitor C2; the other terminals of the first capacitor C0, the second capacitor C1, and the third capacitor C2 are all connected to the anode of the diode D1; one terminal of the first resistor r0 is connected to one terminal of the capacitor C0, and the other terminal of the first resistor r0 is connected to the capacitor C0.

[0017] The normally closed terminal of the first relay J0 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L0, the first capacitor C0, and the first resistor r0. The normally open terminal of the first relay J0 is left floating. The signal terminal of the first relay J0 is connected to the first signal amplification structure of the structure selection unit. The output terminal of the second relay J1 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L1 and the second capacitor C1; the normally closed terminal of the second relay J1 is left floating, and the normally open terminal of the second relay J1 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L1 and the second capacitor C1; the signal terminal of the second relay J1 is connected to the second signal amplification structure of the structure selection unit. The output terminal of the third relay J2 is connected to the common terminal of the third inductor L2 and the third capacitor C2; the normally closed terminal of the third relay J2 is left floating, and the normally open terminal of the third relay J2 is connected to the common terminal of the third inductor L2 and the third capacitor C2; the signal terminal of the third relay J2 is connected to the third signal amplification structure of the structure selection unit. The output terminals of the first relay J0, the second relay J1, and the third relay J2 are connected to the first terminal of the load; the second terminal of the load is connected to the anode of the diode D1.

[0018] Furthermore, the structure selection unit includes a second resistor r, a fourth relay J3, a first voltage comparison structure, a second voltage comparison structure, a third voltage comparison structure, a fourth voltage comparison structure, a first OR gate OR1, a second OR gate OR2, a first signal amplification structure, a second signal amplification structure, a third signal amplification structure, and a fourth signal amplification structure.

[0019] One end of the second resistor r is connected to the common terminal of the fourth relay J3; the other end of the second resistor r is grounded; the function of the second resistor r is to convert the input current signal into a voltage signal; the signal terminal of the fourth relay J3 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the first voltage comparison structure includes a first comparator, a second comparator, a first NOT gate, and a first AND gate, wherein the inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the first reference detection voltage V′. t1 The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the inverting input of the second comparator; the non-inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the second reference detection voltage V″. t1 The output of the second comparator is connected to the input of the first NOT gate; the output of the first comparator and the output of the first NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the first AND gate; the output of the first AND gate is connected to the input of the first OR gate of the structure selection unit and the input of the second signal amplification structure.

[0021] The second voltage comparison structure includes a third comparator, a fourth comparator, a second NOT gate, and a second AND gate; the inverting input of the third comparator is connected to the third reference detection voltage V. ′ The three phases are connected, with the non-inverting input of the third comparator connected to the inverting input of the fourth comparator; the non-inverting input of the fourth comparator is connected to the fourth reference detection voltage V. ′ 2 ′ The output of the fourth comparator is connected to the input of the second NOT gate; the output of the third comparator and the output of the second NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the second AND gate; the output of the second AND gate is connected to the input of the first OR gate of the structure selection unit and the input of the third signal amplification structure.

[0022] The third voltage comparison structure includes a fifth comparator, a sixth comparator, a third NOT gate, and a third AND gate; the inverting input of the fifth comparator is connected to the first reference operating voltage V. ′ The sixth comparator is connected in phase 1, with its non-inverting input connected to the inverting input of the fifth comparator; the non-inverting input of the sixth comparator is connected to the second reference operating voltage V. ′ 1 ′ The output of the sixth comparator is connected to the input of the third NOT gate; the output of the fifth comparator and the output of the third NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the third AND gate; the output of the third AND gate is connected to the input of the second OR gate of the structure selection unit, the input of the second signal amplification structure, and the input of the control chip of the control unit.

[0023] The fourth voltage comparison structure includes a seventh comparator, an eighth comparator, a fourth NOT gate, and a fourth AND gate; the inverting input of the seventh comparator is connected to the third reference operating voltage V. ′ The eight comparators are connected in two phases, with the non-inverting input of the eighth comparator connected to the inverting input of the seventh comparator; the non-inverting input of the eighth comparator is connected to the fourth reference operating voltage V. ′ 2 ′ The output of the eighth comparator is connected to the input of the fourth NOT gate; the output of the seventh comparator and the output of the fourth NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the fourth AND gate; the output of the fourth AND gate is connected to the input of the second OR gate of the structure selection unit, the input of the third signal amplification structure, and the input of the control chip of the control unit.

[0024] Further, the first signal amplification structure includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a first transistor; the first terminal of the first transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor and the first terminal of the third resistor; the third terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor; the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the power supply Vs1 of the first signal amplification structure; one end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the fifth capacitor; the second terminal of the fifth capacitor is the output terminal of the first signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the first relay J0 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor is the input terminal of the first signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminals of the first OR gate and the second OR gate of the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0025] The second signal amplification structure includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, and a second transistor. The first terminal of the second transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor and the first terminal of the sixth resistor. The third terminal of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor and the first terminal of the seventh capacitor. The second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the power supply Vs2 of the second signal amplification structure. One end of the eighth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the seventh capacitor. The second terminal of the seventh capacitor is the output terminal of the second signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the second relay J1 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The second terminal of the sixth capacitor is the input terminal of the second signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminal of the first AND gate of the first voltage comparison structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the third signal amplification structure includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, and a third transistor; the first terminal of the third transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the eighth capacitor and the first terminal of the ninth resistor; the third terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the tenth resistor and the first terminal of the ninth capacitor; the second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the power supply Vs3 of the third signal amplification structure; one end of the eleventh resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the ninth capacitor; the second terminal of the ninth capacitor is the output terminal of the third signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the third relay J2 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit; the second terminal of the eighth capacitor is the input terminal of the third signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminal of the second AND gate of the second voltage comparison structure.

[0027] Furthermore, the fourth signal amplification structure includes a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, and a fourth transistor; the first terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the tenth capacitor and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor; the third terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor; the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the power supply Vs4 of the fourth signal amplification structure; one terminal of the fourteenth resistor is grounded, and the other terminal is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor; the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor is the output terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the fourth relay J3 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit; the second terminal of the tenth capacitor is the input terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminal of the second OR gate of the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0028] Furthermore, the current sampling unit uses a Hall current sensor chip to collect the current flowing through the load and transmit it to the fourth relay in the structure selection unit.

[0029] Furthermore, the control unit includes an STM32 control chip and a switching transistor driver module. The STM32 control chip is an embedded microcontroller that can be programmed to process input signals and output corresponding control signals. The two input terminals of the STM32 control chip are connected to the first and second ports of the control unit, respectively, and one of its output terminals is connected to the input terminal of the switching transistor driver module. The switching transistor driver module outputs a PWM signal of sufficient magnitude to drive the switching transistor S based on the input signal. The input terminal of the switching transistor driver module is connected to the output terminal of the STM32 control chip, and its output terminal is connected to the third port of the control unit. The switching transistor driver module outputs the PWM signal to the signal terminal of the switching transistor S.

[0030] The control method for implementing the aforementioned current-controlled voltage converter variable structure circuit includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: No load is connected to the circuit, and the circuit is in detection mode: The constant voltage output variable structure unit maintains the detection structure connected to the circuit loop connected to the load.

[0032] Step 2: Load is connected to the circuit, and the circuit is in detection mode; the current sampling unit samples the current signal and transmits it to the structure selection unit, which then determines the load type.

[0033] Step 3: If the load is not a preset load type, the circuit loop and structure selection unit connected to the load remain in the detection state; if the load is a preset load type, the structure selection unit sends a corresponding signal to the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit; after processing the signal, the control unit outputs a control signal to the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0034] Step 4: Based on the signal input from the structure selection unit, the on / off state of some relays in the constant voltage output variable structure unit changes, altering the structure circuit connected to the circuit. Simultaneously, under the influence of the control signal from the control unit, a suitable constant voltage is output to both ends of the load. At the same time, the on / off state of the relays in the structure selection unit changes, and at this time, the second part of the circuit of the structure selection unit is connected to the current signal.

[0035] Step 5: The circuit transitions from the detection state to the working state: When the current flowing through the load is within the preset range, the circuit maintains its current working state.

[0036] Step 6: When the current flowing through the load is not within the preset range, or when the load is disconnected from the circuit, the input signals of all relays are low, and the circuit returns to the detection state from the working state, that is, it returns to Step 1 or Step 2 respectively.

[0037] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: it automatically determines the type of equipment and components and provides different output voltages accordingly; it automatically determines the type of equipment and components and limits the output current within a preset range; only one power supply is needed to meet the power transmission requirements of different equipment and components; it reduces safety hazards caused by incorrect power supply use; it reduces waste in production costs; only one dedicated power supply device is needed to meet the power supply needs of multiple devices; and it improves the user experience. If each device is equipped with its own separate power supply, constant manual connection checks are required, which is cumbersome. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and topology of a variable structure circuit for flow-controlled voltage conversion provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the structure selection unit in the variable structure circuit of the current-controlled voltage conversion provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the signal amplification structure in the structure selection unit of the variable structure circuit for flow-controlled voltage conversion provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage comparison structure in the structure selection unit of the variable structure circuit for flow-controlled voltage conversion provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a variable structure circuit of current-controlled voltage conversion provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 6 This is an overall structural diagram of a variable structure circuit for current-controlled voltage conversion provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0046] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.

[0047] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected objects.

[0048] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, a variable structure circuit for current-controlled voltage conversion is provided, including a constant voltage output variable structure unit, a current sampling unit, a structure selection unit, and a control unit;

[0051] The input terminal of the current sampling unit is connected to the load to collect the current flowing through the load; the output terminal of the current sampling unit is connected to the structure selection unit to transmit the collected current signal to the structure selection unit.

[0052] The structure selection unit is connected to the corresponding ports of the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit;

[0053] The control unit is connected to the constant voltage output variable structure unit. After processing the signal input by the structure selection unit, the control unit outputs a corresponding control signal to act on the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0054] After receiving signals from the structure selection unit and the control unit, the constant voltage output variable structure unit completes the transformation of the structure circuit, the output of different voltages, and the switching of states. The entire circuit achieves the effect of outputting different constant voltages according to different load types while monitoring the current.

[0055] The constant voltage output variable structure unit includes a fixed structure, a first inductor L0, a second inductor L1, a third inductor L2, a first capacitor C0, a second capacitor C1, a third capacitor C2, a first resistor r0, a first relay J0, a second relay J1, and a third relay J2; the fixed structure includes a DC power supply V, a switching transistor S, and a diode D1.

[0056] In this circuit, the first inductor L0, the first capacitor C0, and the first resistor r0 constitute the detection structure; the second inductor L1 and the second capacitor C1 constitute the first structure circuit 1; and the third inductor L2 and the third capacitor C2 constitute the second structure circuit 2.

[0057] The first terminal of the switching transistor S is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply V, the second terminal of the switching transistor S is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the third terminal of the switching transistor S is connected to the PWM signal output by the switching transistor drive module in the control unit; the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the DC power supply V.

[0058] The first terminals of the first inductor L0, the second inductor L1, and the third inductor L2 are connected to the second terminal of the switching transistor S; the second terminals of the first inductor L0, the second inductor L1, and the third inductor L2 are respectively connected to the first capacitor C0, the second capacitor C1, and the third capacitor C2; the other terminals of the first capacitor C0, the second capacitor C1, and the third capacitor C2 are all connected to the anode of the diode D1; one terminal of the first resistor r0 is connected to one terminal of the capacitor C0, and the other terminal of the first resistor r0 is connected to the capacitor C0.

[0059] The normally closed terminal of the first relay J0 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L0, the first capacitor C0, and the first resistor r0. The normally open terminal of the first relay J0 is left floating. The signal terminal of the first relay J0 is connected to the output terminal of the first signal amplification structure 1 of the structure selection unit. The normally closed terminal of the second relay J1 is left floating. The normally open terminal of the second relay J1 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L1 and the second capacitor C1. The signal terminal of the second relay J1 is connected to the output terminal of the second signal amplification structure 2 of the structure selection unit. The normally closed terminal of the third relay J2 is left floating. The normally open terminal of the third relay J2 is connected to the common terminal of the third inductor L2 and the third capacitor C2. The signal terminal of the third relay J2 is connected to the output terminal of the third signal amplification structure 3 of the structure selection unit. The common terminal of the first relay J0, the second relay J1, and the third relay J2 is connected to the first terminal of the load. The second terminal of the load is connected to the anode of the diode D1.

[0060] When the signal input terminals of the first relay J0, the second relay J1, and the third relay J2 are all at low level, the detection structure is connected to the circuit, and the voltage V on the load is at this time. out The value is V0; the function of the first resistor r0 is to limit the current, protect the circuit, and reduce energy consumption when no load is connected.

[0061] When the signal input terminals of the first relay J0 and the second relay J1 are at a high level, and the signal input terminal of the third relay J2 is at a low level, the first structure circuit 1 is connected to the circuit. At this time, the voltage V on the load... out Size is V1;

[0062] When the signal input terminals of the first relay J0 and the third relay J2 are at a high level, and the signal input terminal of the second relay J1 is at a low level, the second structure circuit 2 is connected to the circuit. At this time, the voltage V on the load... out Size is V2;

[0063] The structure selection unit includes a second resistor r, a fourth relay J3, a first voltage comparison structure, a second voltage comparison structure, a third voltage comparison structure, a fourth voltage comparison structure, a first OR gate OR1, a second OR gate OR2, a first signal amplification structure 1, a second signal amplification structure 2, a third signal amplification structure 3, and a fourth signal amplification structure 4.

[0064] One end of the second resistor r is connected to the common terminal of the fourth relay J3; the other end of the second resistor r is grounded; the function of the second resistor r is to convert the input current signal into a voltage signal; the signal terminal of the fourth relay J3 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure.

[0065] The first voltage comparison structure includes a first comparator, a second comparator, a first NOT gate, and a first AND gate. The inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the first reference detection voltage V′. t1 The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the inverting input of the second comparator; the non-inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the second reference detection voltage V″. t1 The output of the second comparator is connected to the input of the first NOT gate; the output of the first comparator and the output of the first NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the first AND gate; the output of the first AND gate is connected to the input of the first OR gate of the structure selection unit and the input of the signal amplification structure 2; the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 of the structure selection unit is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the first comparator and the inverting terminal of the second comparator. When the signal input from the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 is greater than the first reference detection voltage V′... t1 Smaller than the second reference detection voltage V″ t1 When the voltage is high, the first AND gate of the first voltage comparison structure outputs a high level; otherwise, the first AND gate of the first voltage comparison structure outputs a low level.

[0066] The second voltage comparison structure includes a third comparator, a fourth comparator, a second NOT gate, and a second AND gate; the inverting input of the third comparator is connected to the third reference detection voltage Vt. ′ The three phases are connected, with the non-inverting input of the third comparator connected to the inverting input of the fourth comparator; the non-inverting input of the fourth comparator is connected to the fourth reference detection voltage Vt. ′ 2 ′The output of the fourth comparator is connected to the input of the second NOT gate; the output of the third comparator and the output of the second NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the second AND gate; the output of the second AND gate is connected to the input of the first OR gate of the structure selection unit and the input of the signal amplification structure 3; the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 of the structure selection unit is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the third comparator and the inverting terminal of the fourth comparator. When the signal input from the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 is greater than the third reference detection voltage V′2 and less than the fourth reference detection voltage V″2, the second AND gate of the second voltage comparison structure outputs a high level; otherwise, the second AND gate of the second voltage comparison structure outputs a low level.

[0067] The third voltage comparison structure includes a fifth comparator, a sixth comparator, a third NOT gate, and a third AND gate; the inverting input of the fifth comparator is connected to the first reference operating voltage V′1, and the non-inverting input of the sixth comparator is connected to the inverting input of the fifth comparator; the non-inverting input of the sixth comparator is connected to the second reference operating voltage V″. s1 The output of the sixth comparator is connected to the input of the third NOT gate; the output of the fifth comparator and the output of the third NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the third AND gate; the output of the third AND gate is connected to the input of the second OR gate of the structure selection unit, the input of the signal amplification structure 2, and the input of the control chip of the control unit; the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 of the structure selection unit is connected to the non-inverting input of the fifth comparator and the inverting input of the sixth comparator. When the signal input from the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 is greater than the first reference operating voltage V′... s1 Less than the second reference operating voltage V″ s1 When the voltage is high, the third AND gate of the third voltage comparator outputs a high level; otherwise, the third AND gate of the third voltage comparator outputs a low level.

[0068] The fourth voltage comparison structure includes a seventh comparator, an eighth comparator, a fourth NOT gate, and a fourth AND gate; the inverting input of the seventh comparator is connected to the third reference operating voltage V′. s2 The non-inverting input of the eighth comparator is connected to the inverting input of the seventh comparator; the non-inverting input of the eighth comparator is connected to the fourth reference operating voltage V″. s2The output of the eighth comparator is connected to the input of the fourth NOT gate; the output of the seventh comparator and the output of the fourth NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the fourth AND gate; the output of the fourth AND gate is connected to the input of the second OR gate of the structure selection unit, the input of the signal amplification structure 3, and the input of the control chip of the control unit; the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 of the structure selection unit is connected to the non-inverting input of the seventh comparator and the inverting input of the eighth comparator. When the signal input from the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 is greater than the third reference operating voltage V′... s2 Less than the fourth reference operating voltage V″ s2 When the voltage is high, the fourth AND gate of the fourth voltage comparator outputs a high level; otherwise, the fourth AND gate of the fourth voltage comparator outputs a low level.

[0069] The output of the first OR gate OR1 is connected to the input of the first signal amplification structure; the output of the second OR gate OR2 is connected to the inputs of the first signal amplification structure and the fourth signal amplification structure.

[0070] The first signal amplification structure includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a first transistor. The first terminal of the first transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor and the first terminal of the third resistor. The third terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor. The second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the power supply Vs1 of the first signal amplification structure. One end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the fifth capacitor. The second terminal of the fifth capacitor is the output terminal of the first signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the first relay J0 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The second terminal of the fourth capacitor is the input terminal of the first signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminals of the first OR gate and the second OR gate of the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0071] The second signal amplification structure includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, and a second transistor. The first terminal of the second transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor and the first terminal of the sixth resistor. The third terminal of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor and the first terminal of the seventh capacitor. The second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the power supply Vs2 of the second signal amplification structure. One end of the eighth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the seventh capacitor. The second terminal of the seventh capacitor is the output terminal of the second signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the second relay J1 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The second terminal of the sixth capacitor is the input terminal of the second signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminal of the first AND gate of the first voltage comparison structure.

[0072] The third signal amplification structure includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, and a third transistor. The first terminal of the third transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the eighth capacitor and the first terminal of the ninth resistor. The third terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the tenth resistor and the first terminal of the ninth capacitor. The second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the power supply Vs3 of the third signal amplification structure. One terminal of the eleventh resistor is grounded, and the other terminal is connected to the second terminal of the ninth capacitor. The second terminal of the ninth capacitor is the output terminal of the third signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the third relay J2 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The second terminal of the eighth capacitor is the input terminal of the third signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminal of the second AND gate of the second voltage comparison structure.

[0073] The fourth signal amplification structure includes a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, and a fourth transistor. The first terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to ground, and the second terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the tenth capacitor and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor. The third terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor. The second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the power supply Vs4 of the fourth signal amplification structure. One terminal of the fourteenth resistor is grounded, and the other terminal is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor. The second terminal of the eleventh capacitor is the output terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure and is connected to the signal input terminal of the fourth relay J3 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The second terminal of the tenth capacitor is the input terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure and is connected to the output terminal of the second OR gate of the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0074] The signal amplification structure can amplify the signal input to the unit to a level that can change the on / off state of the relays; the output ports of the first, second, and third signal amplification structures respectively output relay control signals A0, A1, and A2 to the signal terminals of the first relay J0, the second relay J1, and the third relay J2 of the constant voltage output variable structure unit; the fourth signal amplification structure is connected to the signal terminal of the fourth relay J3, and the output signal A3 controls the on / off state of the fourth relay J4;

[0075] In one preferred embodiment, the current sampling unit uses a Hall current sensing chip to collect the current flowing through the load and transmit it to the common terminal of the fourth relay J3 in the structure selection unit.

[0076] The control unit includes an STM32 control chip and a switching transistor driver module. The STM32 control chip is an embedded microcontroller that can be programmed to process input signals and output corresponding control signals. The two input terminals of the STM32 control chip are connected to the first and second ports of the control unit, respectively. One output terminal of the STM32 control chip is connected to the input terminal of the switching transistor driver module. The switching transistor driver module outputs a PWM signal of sufficient magnitude to drive the switching transistor S based on the input signal. The input terminal of the switching transistor driver module is connected to the output terminal of the STM32 control chip, and its output terminal is connected to the third port of the control unit. The switching transistor driver module outputs the PWM signal to the signal terminal of the switching transistor S.

[0077] As one preferred embodiment, the switching transistor driver module adopts COS4427DT.

[0078] The two input ports of the control chip of the control unit are respectively connected to the output of the AND gate of the voltage comparison structure 3 and the output of the AND gate of the voltage comparison structure 4 of the structure selection unit; the output port of the control chip is connected to the input port of the switch driving module; the output port of the switch driving module is connected to the signal terminal of the switch S of the constant voltage output constant voltage variable structure unit.

[0079] When input signals a1 and a2 are low, the control chip outputs a signal adjusting the duty cycle to d0, which acts on the switching transistor driver module. The switching transistor driver module outputs a PWM wave with a duty cycle of d0 to the signal terminal of the switching transistor S in the constant voltage transformer unit. When a detection structure is connected in the circuit, the voltage Vout across the load is V0. When input signals a1 are high and a2 are low, the control chip outputs a signal adjusting the duty cycle to d1, which acts on the switching transistor driver module. The switching transistor driver module outputs a PWM wave with a duty cycle of d1. The PWM wave of d1 is sent to the signal terminal of the switching transistor S of the constant voltage transformer structure unit. When the first structure circuit 1 is connected in the circuit, the voltage Vout acting on the load is V1. When the input signal a1 is low and a2 is high, the control chip outputs a signal to adjust the duty cycle to d2 and acts on the switching transistor drive module. The switching transistor drive module outputs a PWM wave with a duty cycle of d2 to the signal terminal of the switching transistor S of the constant voltage transformer structure unit. When the second structure circuit 2 is connected in the circuit, the voltage Vout acting on the load is V2.

[0080] The circuit loop connected to the load by the detection structure is an indicator of the detection status; when the signal input terminal of the first relay J0 is low, the circuit loop connected to the load by the detection structure, the constant voltage output variable structure unit can provide the detection voltage V0 to the load, and reduce the energy consumption of the entire circuit when it is not in operation.

[0081] The structure selection unit is divided into two parts with the fourth relay J3 as the boundary. The part connected to the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 is called the first part, and the part connected to the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 is called the second part.

[0082] In the first part, the first reference detection voltage Vt is used. ′ 1. Second reference detection voltage Vt ′ 1 ′ The first detection voltage range is defined; the third reference detection voltage Vt is used. ′ 2. Fourth reference detection voltage Vt ′ 2 ′ The second detection voltage range is defined; the voltage signal that passes through the first part and does not belong to the two ranges mentioned above is defined as the third detection voltage range.

[0083] In the first part, the first detection voltage range is obtained by the following operation: when the voltage across the load is V0, the current value I1 flowing through load type 1 is tested, and the function of the second resistor r is to convert the current value into a voltage value; the first detection voltage range is the range centered on I1r; the second detection voltage range is obtained by the following operation: when the voltage across the load is V2, the current value I2 flowing through load type 2 is tested, and the second detection voltage range is the range centered on I2r; the third detection voltage range is obtained by the following operation: all voltage values ​​not within the above ranges are classified into the third detection voltage range;

[0084] In the first part, by determining the voltage range of the acquired signal output from the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3, the type of connected load can be determined. Then, through the first voltage comparison structure, the second voltage comparison structure, the first OR gate OR1, the second OR gate OR2, and the third signal amplification structure, different signals A0, A1, and A2 are output, as detailed below:

[0085] In the first part, if the signal value output from the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 is within the first detection voltage range, the first voltage comparison structure outputs 1, the second voltage comparison structure outputs 0; the first OR gate OR1 outputs 1; and the signals A0 and A1 output by the first signal amplification structure and the second signal amplification structure are high-level signals.

[0086] In the first part, if the signal value output from the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 is within the second detection voltage range, the first voltage comparison structure outputs 0, the second voltage comparison structure outputs 1; the first OR gate OR1 outputs 1; and the signals A0 and A2 output by the first signal amplification structure and the third signal amplification structure are high-level signals.

[0087] In the first part, if the signal value output from the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 is in the third detection voltage range, then all voltage comparison structures in the first part and the first OR gate OR1 output 0; the first signal amplification structure, the second signal amplification structure, and the third signal amplification structure output a low level.

[0088] In the second part, through the first reference operating voltage Vs ′ 1. Second reference operating voltage Vs ′ 1 ′ The first operating voltage range is defined; the third reference operating voltage Vs is used. ′ 2. Fourth reference operating voltage Vs ′ 2 ′ The second working voltage range is defined; voltage signals that pass through the second part and do not belong to the above-mentioned ranges are defined as the third working voltage range.

[0089] In the second part, the first operating voltage range is obtained by the following operation: when the voltage across the load is V1, the current value Is1 flowing through load type 1 is tested, and the first operating voltage range is the range centered on Is1r; the second operating voltage range is obtained by the following operation: when the voltage across the load is V2, the current value Is2 flowing through load type 2 is tested, and the second operating voltage range is the range centered on Is2r; the third operating voltage range is obtained by the following operation: all voltage values ​​not within the above ranges are classified as the third operating voltage range;

[0090] In the second part, only when the acquired signal from the first part is not within the third detection voltage range will the second OR gate OR1 have a high-level input, followed by a high-level output. The fourth signal amplification structure outputs a high level to the signal terminal of the fourth relay J3, and the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 closes, so that the second part of the circuit will have a signal input. The function of the second part of the circuit is to perform different ranges of flow control according to different load types, provided that the circuit has been switched to the corresponding structure.

[0091] In the second part, by determining the voltage range of the acquired signal output from the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3, it can be determined whether the load current exceeds the preset range. Then, through the third voltage comparison structure, the fourth voltage comparison structure, the second OR gate OR2, the first signal amplification structure, the second signal amplification structure, the third signal amplification structure, and the fourth signal amplification structure, different signals A0, A1, A2, A3, a1, and a2 are output, as detailed below:

[0092] In the second part, if the first part determines that the load belongs to load type 1, and the signal value output by the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 is within the first working voltage range, then the third voltage comparison structure outputs 1, the fourth voltage comparison structure outputs 0; the second OR gate OR2 outputs 1; the first signal amplification structure and the second signal amplification structure output signals A0 and A1 as high-level signals; the fourth signal amplification structure outputs a high-level signal A3 to the signal terminal of the fourth relay J3, and the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 remains closed;

[0093] In the second part, if the first part determines that the load belongs to load type 2, and the signal value output from the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 is in the second operating voltage range, then the third voltage comparison structure outputs 0, the fourth voltage comparison structure outputs 1; the second OR gate OR2 outputs 1; the first signal amplification structure and the third signal amplification structure output signals A0 and A2 as high-level signals; the fourth signal amplification structure outputs a high-level signal A3 to the signal terminal of the fourth relay J3, and the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 remains closed;

[0094] In the second part, if the signal value output from the normally open terminal of the fourth relay J3 is within the third operating voltage range, then all voltage comparison structures and the second OR gate OR2 output 0; the voltage comparison structure, the second signal amplification structure, the third signal amplification structure, and the fourth signal amplification structure in the second part output a low level; and the normally closed terminal of the fourth relay J3 closes.

[0095] In one embodiment provided in this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, a control method for a current-controlled voltage converter variable structure circuit is provided, including the following steps;

[0096] Step 1: No load is connected to the circuit, and the circuit is in detection mode: The constant voltage output variable structure unit maintains the detection structure connected to the circuit loop connected to the load;

[0097] Step 2: The load is connected to the circuit, and the circuit is in detection mode; the current sampling unit samples the current signal and transmits it to the structure selection unit, which determines the load type.

[0098] Step 3: If the load is not a preset load type, the circuit loop and structure selection unit connected to the load remain in the detection state; if the load is a preset load type, the structure selection unit sends a corresponding signal to the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit; after processing the signal, the control unit outputs a control signal to the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

[0099] Step 4: Based on the signal input from the structure selection unit, the on / off state of some relays in the constant voltage output variable structure unit changes, altering the structure circuit connected to the circuit. Simultaneously, under the influence of the control signal from the control unit, a suitable constant voltage is output to both ends of the load. At the same time, the on / off state of the relays in the structure selection unit changes, and at this time, the structure selection unit is connected to the current signal.

[0100] Step 5: The circuit transitions from the detection state to the working state: When the current flowing through the load is within the preset range, the circuit maintains its current working state.

[0101] Step 6: When the current flowing through the load is not within the preset range, or when the load is disconnected from the circuit, all relay input signals are low, and the circuit returns to the detection state from the working state, that is, it returns to Step 1 or Step 2 respectively.

[0102] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable structure circuit for fluidic voltage transformation, characterized by include: Constant voltage output variable structure unit, current sampling unit, structure selection unit, control unit; The input terminal of the current sampling unit is connected to the load to collect the current flowing through the load; the output terminal of the current sampling unit is connected to the structure selection unit to transmit the collected current signal to the structure selection unit. The structure selection unit is connected to the corresponding ports of the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit; The control unit is connected to the constant voltage output variable structure unit. After processing the signal input by the structure selection unit, the control unit outputs a corresponding control signal to act on the constant voltage output variable structure unit. After receiving signals from the structure selection unit and the control unit, the constant voltage output variable structure unit completes the transformation of the structure circuit, the output of different voltages, and the switching of states. The entire circuit achieves the effect of outputting different constant voltages according to different load types and monitoring the current at the same time. The constant voltage output variable structure unit includes a fixed structure and a first inductor. Second inductor Third inductor First capacitor Second capacitor Third capacitor First resistor First relay Second relay Third relay The fixed structure includes a DC power supply V, a switching transistor S, and a diode. ; Switching transistor The first terminal is connected to the DC power supply. The positive terminal is connected to the switch transistor. The second end and the diode The cathode is connected, and the switching tube is connected. The third terminal is connected to the PWM signal output by the switching transistor drive module in the control unit; diode The anode is connected to the cathode of the DC power supply V; First Inductor Second inductor Third inductor The first terminal and the switching transistor The second end is connected; the first inductor Second inductor Third inductor The second end is respectively connected to the first capacitor Second capacitor Third capacitor One end is connected; the first capacitor Second capacitor Third capacitor The other end is connected to the diode. The anode phase is connected; the first resistor One end is connected to the capacitor One end is connected to the first resistor. The other end is connected to the capacitor The other end is connected; First relay The normally closed terminal and the first inductor First capacitor First resistor The first relay is connected to the common terminal. The normally open terminal is left floating, and the first relay... The signal terminal is connected to the output terminal of the first signal amplification structure of the structure selection unit; the second relay The normally closed terminal of the second relay is left floating. The constant starting point and the second inductor Second capacitor The second relay is connected to the common terminal. The signal terminal is connected to the output terminal of the second signal amplification structure 2 of the structure selection unit; the third relay The normally closed terminal is left floating, and the third relay... The constant start and the third inductor Third capacitor The third relay is connected to the common terminal. The signal terminal is connected to the output terminal of the third signal amplification structure 3 of the structure selection unit; the first relay Second relay Third relay The common terminal of each diode is connected to the first terminal of the load; the second terminal of the load is connected to the diode. The anode phase is connected.

2. A flow-controlled voltage conversion variable structure circuit according to claim 1, wherein The structure selection unit includes a second resistor r and a fourth relay. First voltage comparison structure, second voltage comparison structure, third voltage comparison structure, fourth voltage comparison structure, first OR gate , second or door First signal amplification structure, second signal amplification structure, third signal amplification structure, fourth signal amplification structure; One end of the second resistor r is connected to the fourth relay. The common terminal of the first resistor is connected; the other end of the second resistor r is grounded; the function of the second resistor r is to convert the input current signal into a voltage signal; the fourth relay The signal terminal is connected to the output terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure.

3. The variable structure circuit for current-controlled voltage conversion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first voltage comparison structure includes a first comparator, a second comparator, a first NOT gate, and a first AND gate. The inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the first reference detection voltage. The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the inverting input of the second comparator; the non-inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the second reference detection voltage. The output of the second comparator is connected to the input of the first NOT gate; the output of the first comparator and the output of the first NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the first AND gate; the output of the first AND gate is connected to the input of the first OR gate of the structure selection unit and the input of the second signal amplification structure. The second voltage comparison structure includes a third comparator, a fourth comparator, a second NOT gate, and a second AND gate; the inverting input of the third comparator is connected to the third reference detection voltage. The non-inverting input of the third comparator is connected to the inverting input of the fourth comparator; the non-inverting input of the fourth comparator is connected to the fourth reference detection voltage. The output of the fourth comparator is connected to the input of the second NOT gate; the output of the third comparator and the output of the second NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the second AND gate; the output of the second AND gate is connected to the input of the first OR gate of the structure selection unit and the input of the third signal amplification structure. The third voltage comparison structure includes a fifth comparator, a sixth comparator, a third NOT gate, and a third AND gate; the inverting input of the fifth comparator is connected to the first reference operating voltage. The non-inverting input of the sixth comparator is connected to the inverting input of the fifth comparator; the non-inverting input of the sixth comparator is connected to the second reference operating voltage. The output of the sixth comparator is connected to the input of the third NOT gate; the output of the fifth comparator and the output of the third NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the third AND gate; the output of the third AND gate is connected to the input of the second OR gate of the structure selection unit, the input of the second signal amplification structure, and the input of the control chip of the control unit. The fourth voltage comparison structure includes a seventh comparator, an eighth comparator, a fourth NOT gate, and a fourth AND gate; the inverting input of the seventh comparator is connected to the third reference operating voltage. The non-inverting input of the eighth comparator is connected to the inverting input of the seventh comparator; the non-inverting input of the eighth comparator is connected to the fourth reference operating voltage. The output of the eighth comparator is connected to the input of the fourth NOT gate; the output of the seventh comparator and the output of the fourth NOT gate are respectively connected to the two inputs of the fourth AND gate; the output of the fourth AND gate is connected to the input of the second OR gate of the structure selection unit, the input of the third signal amplification structure, and the input of the control chip of the control unit.

4. The variable structure circuit for current-controlled voltage conversion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first signal amplification structure includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a first transistor. The first terminal of the first transistor is connected to ground. The second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor and the first terminal of the third resistor. The second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor. The third terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor. The second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the power supply of the first signal amplification structure. ; One end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the fifth capacitor; the second terminal of the fifth capacitor is the output terminal of the first signal amplification structure, and is connected to the first relay of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The signal input terminal is connected to the second terminal of the fourth capacitor; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor is the input terminal of the first signal amplification structure, and is connected to the output terminals of the first OR gate and the second OR gate of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The second signal amplification structure includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, and a second transistor. The first terminal of the second transistor is connected to ground. The second terminal of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor and the first terminal of the sixth resistor. The second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor. The third terminal of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor and the first terminal of the seventh capacitor. The second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the power supply of the second signal amplification structure. One end of the eighth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the seventh capacitor; the second terminal of the seventh capacitor is the output terminal of the second signal amplification structure, and is connected to the second relay of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The signal input terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor; the second terminal of the sixth capacitor is the input terminal of the second signal amplification structure, and is connected to the output terminal of the first AND gate of the first voltage comparison structure.

5. A flow-controlled voltage-converted variable-structure circuit according to claim 2, wherein The third signal amplification structure includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, and a third transistor. The first terminal of the third transistor is connected to ground. The second terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the eighth capacitor and the first terminal of the ninth resistor. The second terminal of the ninth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the tenth resistor. The third terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the tenth resistor and the first terminal of the ninth capacitor. The second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the power supply of the third signal amplification structure. One end of the eleventh resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the ninth capacitor; the second terminal of the ninth capacitor is the output terminal of the third signal amplification structure, which is connected to the third relay of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The signal input terminal is connected to the second terminal of the eighth capacitor; the second terminal of the eighth capacitor is the input terminal of the third signal amplification structure, and is connected to the output terminal of the second AND gate of the second voltage comparison structure.

6. A flow-controlled voltage-converted variable-structure circuit according to claim 2, wherein The fourth signal amplification structure includes a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, and a fourth transistor. The first terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to ground; the second terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the tenth capacitor and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor; the third terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor; and the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the power supply of the fourth signal amplification structure. One end of the fourteenth resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor; the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor is the output terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure, which is connected to the fourth relay of the constant voltage output variable structure unit. The signal input terminal is connected to the signal input terminal; the second terminal of the tenth capacitor is the input terminal of the fourth signal amplification structure, and is connected to the output terminal of the second OR gate of the constant voltage output variable structure unit.

7. The variable structure circuit for current-controlled voltage conversion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The current sampling unit uses a Hall current sensor chip to collect the current flowing through the load and transmit it to the fourth relay in the structure selection unit.

8. A flow-controlled voltage conversion variable structure circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The control unit includes an STM32 control chip and a switching transistor driver module. The STM32 control chip is an embedded microcontroller used to program and process input signals and output corresponding control signals. The two input terminals of the STM32 control chip are connected to the first and second ports of the control unit, respectively, and one of its output terminals is connected to the input terminal of the switching transistor driver module. The switching transistor driver module outputs a value sufficient to drive the switching transistor of the constant voltage output variable structure unit based on the input signal. The input terminal of the switching transistor driver module is connected to the output terminal of the STM32 control chip, and the output terminal is connected to the third port of the control unit; the switching transistor driver module outputs the PWM signal to the signal terminal of the switching transistor S.

9. A control method for a flow-controlled voltage conversion variable-structure circuit as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Without the load access circuit, the circuit is in the detection state: the constant voltage output variable structure unit keeps the current sampling unit access to the circuit loop connected with the load; When the load is connected to the circuit, the circuit is in a detection state; the current sampling unit samples the current signal and transmits it to the structure selection unit, which then determines the load type. , if the load is not the preset load type, the circuit loop connected with the load, the structure selection unit keeps the detection state; if the load is the preset load type, the structure selection unit sends a corresponding signal to the constant voltage output variable structure unit and the control unit; the control unit outputs a control signal to the constant voltage output variable structure unit after processing the signal; According to the signal input from the structure selection unit, the on / off state of some relays in the constant voltage output variable structure unit changes, altering the structure circuit connected to the circuit. At the same time, under the influence of the control signal from the control unit, a suitable constant voltage is output to both ends of the load. Simultaneously, the on / off state of the relays in the structure selection unit changes, and at this time, the second part of the circuit of the structure selection unit is connected to the current signal. The circuit transitions from detection state to operating state: when the current flowing through the load is within a preset range, the circuit maintains its current operating state. When the current flowing through the load is outside the preset range, or when the load is disconnected from the circuit, all relay input signals are low, and the circuit re-enters the detection state from the working state, i.e., returns to step [step number missing]. or steps .

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