A method for improving the disease resistance of "guangtai No.1" vannamei shrimp during the breeding process

Abstract

The application provides a method for improving the disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei "Guangtai No.1", wherein (1) the water temperature is 28.3-28.7 DEG C when the Litopenaeus vannamei "Guangtai No.1" juvenile enters a breeding pond, and then is increased to 29.8-30.2 DEG C, and then is decreased to 28.8-29.2 DEG C when the M2 of Tachycaris sp. reaches, and is decreased to 27.8-28.2 DEG C when the P2 of the juvenile shrimp reaches; (2) the density is 180-200 thousand / m 3 ; (3) the feed: the metamorphosis of the nauplius into the copepodid is started, and the feed of Chateoceros muelleri and Skeletonema costatum is started, and the total density is kept as 400-600 pieces / ml; the microcapsule feed is supplemented when the copepodid is at the second stage, and the feeding frequency is 5-6 times per day; the Skeletonema costatum is fed when the copepodid is at the third stage, and the density is 90-110 pieces / ml; the microcapsule feed, shrimp slices and rotifer are fed when the Tachycaris sp. is at the first and second stages; the nauplius of Artemia is fed twice and the micro-particle feed is fed four times when the Tachycaris sp. is at the third stage; the nauplius of Artemia is fed four times and the micro-particle feed is fed twice when the juvenile shrimp is at the first stage. The application effectively improves the disease resistance of the shrimp fry, and improves the survival rate and the qualified rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shrimp breeding, in particular to a breeding method for improving the disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guangtai No.1'. BACKGROUND

[0002] Litopenaeus vannamei has the advantages of fast growth, high meat yield, etc., and is one of the main varieties for breeding in the south of China. Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guangtai No.1' is an excellent shrimp species, and the shrimp larvae are in short supply. However, the nauplii have weak disease resistance when bred by traditional methods, resulting in low survival rate of the shrimp larvae and affecting the production of the breeding. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides a breeding method for improving the disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guangtai No.1', which solves the above problems.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0005] A breeding method for improving the disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guangtai No.1',

[0006] (1) water temperature: the Litopenaeus vannamei 'Guangtai No.1' larvae enter the breeding pond, the water temperature is 28.3-28.7℃, then is increased to 29.8-30.2℃, reaches the Mysis 2 stage and is decreased to 28.8-29.2℃, and the postlarvae 2 stage is decreased to 27.8-28.2℃;

[0007] (2) density: the nauplii are released at a density of 18-20 million / m 3 ;

[0008] (3) feed: the nauplii metamorphose into zoea, and the Chateoceros muelleri and the Sargassum muticum are started to be fed, the quantity ratio of the two is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, and the total density is maintained at 400-600 pieces / ml;

[0009] The zoea 2 stage is supplemented with microcapsule bait, the feeding frequency is 5-6 times a day, the daily feeding density is 0.8-1.2 mg / L, the zoea 3 stage is adjusted to a Sargassum muticum density of 90-110 pieces / ml; the Mysis 1-2 stage is fed with microcapsule bait, shrimp slices and rotifers, the total daily feeding density of the microcapsule bait and the shrimp slices is 1.4-1.6 mg / L, the mass ratio of the microcapsule bait and the shrimp slices is 0.4-0.6:0.8-1.2, and the daily feeding density of the rotifers is 9-11 ind / mL;

[0010] The micro-capsule bait adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of coconut oil, 2-3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 6-8 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 4-5 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch.

[0011] The brine shrimp 3 begins to feed Artemia nauplii twice, and the micro-particle bait four times, and the Artemia nauplii is fed at 9-11 ind / mL per meal, and the micro-particle bait is fed at 0.8-1.2 mg / L per meal; the juvenile shrimp 1 begins to feed Artemia nauplii four times, and the micro-particle bait twice, and the Artemia nauplii is fed at 9-11 ind / mL per meal, and the micro-particle bait is fed at 4-6 mg / L per meal; the micro-particle bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of fish meal, 8-10 parts of yeast powder, 35-45 parts of coconut meal, 25-30 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder, 28-32 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and 10-20 parts of passion fruit extract, and the micro-particle bait has a particle size of 130-140 mu m.

[0012] In the formula, the stages of the larvae are: nauplii N, zoea Z, mysis M, and postlarva P. Z1: zoea 1, Z2: zoea 2;

[0013] M1: Mysis 1, M2: Mysis 2, M3: Mysis 3;

[0014] P1: postlarva 1, P2: postlarva 2; P3-11 are postlarva 3-11 in turn, and P12: postlarva 12.

[0015] Further, the micro-capsule bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut oil, 2.5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 7 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 4 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch.

[0016] Further, the micro-particle bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 9 parts of yeast powder, 40 parts of coconut meal, 28 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder, 30 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and 15 parts of passion fruit extract.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present application effectively improves the disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei “Guangtai No. 1” by using the present method for breeding, and not only has a high survival rate of shrimp fry, but also effectively avoids carrying pathogenic bacteria, and has a high qualified rate of specifications.

[0019] (2) The present application uses coconut oil, algal polysaccharide, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and sodium octenyl succinate starch to prepare the micro-capsule bait, and uses fish meal, mulberry leaf powder, cassava stem and leaf powder, coconut meal, and yeast powder to prepare the micro-particle bait, which can better meet the nutritional needs of each stage of the larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei “Guangtai No. 1”, improve the absorption rate, and improve the disease resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to better understand the technical content of the present application, the following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present application.

[0021] The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present application are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0022] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present application can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0023] The water for seedling raising in the embodiments of the present application is extracted uniformly through coarse filtration at the sea side by a 6 kW centrifugal pump, and then filtered through a sand filter tank and deposited in a sedimentation tank. After being disinfected by 100 ppm bleaching powder (effective chlorine content ≧ 30%) for 24 hours, the water is subjected to 72 hours of uninterrupted aeration and sedimentation, and then filtered and injected into each water pool after the residual chlorine naturally disappears.

[0024] Example 1 - Seedling raising method of Litopenaeus vannamei "Guangtai No. 1"

[0025] (1) Water temperature: The Litopenaeus vannamei "Guangtai No. 1" larvae enter the seedling raising tank, and the water body in the seedling raising tank is 15-20 m 3 , 120 mesh air stones are arranged at 4 positions per square, and the water temperature is 28.5℃, and then increased to 30℃, and decreased to 29℃ when the Tigger juvenile M2 is reached, and decreased to 28℃ when the postlarva P2 is reached;

[0026] Illumination: The light for the nauplii, zoea, mysis and postlarva P2 before is dim light, and then changed to natural light for P5.

[0027] Aeration: The nauplii are slightly aerated so that the larvae do not sink, and then the aeration amount is gradually increased to boiling state; uninterrupted aeration is maintained during the seedling raising period.

[0028] (2) Density: The nauplii are released at a density of 200,000 / m 3 .

[0029] (3) Feed: The nauplii metamorphose into zoea, and then start to feed with Chaetoceros muelleri and Skeletonema costatum, and the density of Chaetoceros muelleri and Skeletonema costatum is maintained at about 250 pieces / ml respectively;

[0030] Microcapsule feed is supplemented from the zoea 2 stage, the feeding frequency is 5 times a day, the daily feeding density is 1 mg / L, and the microcapsule feed is filtered through a 200 mesh silk screen net; Skeletonema costatum is fed in the zoea 3 stage, and the density is 100 pieces / ml; the mysis 1-2 stage is fed with microcapsule feed, shrimp slices and rotifers, the daily feeding density of the microcapsule feed is 0.5 mg / L, the daily feeding density of the shrimp slices is 1 mg / L, and the daily feeding density of the rotifers is 10 ind / mL, and the microcapsule feed is filtered through a 150 mesh silk screen net;

[0031] The microcapsule bait uses the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts of coconut oil, 2.5 parts of alginate, 7 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 4 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch, to produce microcapsule bait with a particle size of 10-20 μm.

[0032] M3 starts to feed Artemia nauplii for two meals, and microgranular feed for four meals, with 10 ind / mL of Artemia nauplii and 1 mg / L of microgranular feed per meal;

[0033] P1 starts to feed Artemia nauplii for four meals, and microgranular feed for two meals, with 10 ind / mL of Artemia nauplii and 5 mg / L of microgranular feed per meal, and the microgranular feed is filtered through a 100-mesh silk screen. The microgranular feed uses the following raw materials by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 9 parts of yeast powder, 40 parts of coconut meal, 28 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder, 30 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and 15 parts of passion fruit extract, to produce microgranular feed with a particle size of 130-140 μm.

[0034] The larvae are reared to P12.

[0035] Example 2: Larviculture method of Litopenaeus vannamei “Guangtai No. 1”

[0036] (1) Water temperature: the Litopenaeus vannamei “Guangtai No. 1” larvae enter the larviculture pond, and the water body in the larviculture pond is 15-20 m 3 , 4 air stones per square meter are set, and the water temperature is 28.5℃, then increased to 30℃, and decreased to 29℃ when the Mysis larvae M2 are reached, and decreased to 28℃ when the P2 larvae are reached;

[0037] Light: the light for nauplii, zoea, mysis, and P2 larvae is dim light, and then transitions to natural light at P5;

[0038] Aeration: the aeration for nauplii is slight, so that the larvae do not sink, and then the aeration amount is gradually increased to boiling; the aeration is kept uninterrupted during the larviculture;

[0039] (2) Density: the nauplii are released at a density of 200,000 / m 3 ;

[0040] (3) Feed: the nauplii metamorphose into zoea, and start to feed Chaetoceros muelleri and Skeletonema costatum, with a density of about 250 / mL for each;

[0041] The microcapsule feed is used to feed the larvae of Moina macrocopa in the first and second stages, rotifer in the third stage, and the larvae of Palaemonetes peniculatus in the first and second stages. The microcapsule feed is filtered through a 200-mesh screen. The rotifer is fed at a density of 100 ind / mL. The larvae of Moina macrocopa are fed with the microcapsule feed, shrimp slices, and rotifer. The microcapsule feed is fed at a density of 0.5 mg / L, the shrimp slices are fed at a density of 1 mg / L, and the rotifer is fed at a density of 10 ind / mL. The microcapsule feed is filtered through a 150-mesh screen.

[0042] The microcapsule feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of coconut oil, 3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 8 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 5 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch. The microcapsule feed has a particle size of 10-20 μm.

[0043] M3 is fed with Artemia nauplii for two meals and the micro-particle feed for four meals. The Artemia nauplii is fed at a density of 10 ind / mL per meal, and the micro-particle feed is fed at a density of 1 mg / L per meal.

[0044] The larvae of Palaemonetes peniculatus P1 are fed with Artemia nauplii for four meals and the micro-particle feed for two meals. The Artemia nauplii is fed at a density of 10 ind / mL per meal, and the micro-particle feed is fed at a density of 5 mg / L per meal. The micro-particle feed is filtered through a 100-mesh screen. The micro-particle feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of yeast powder, 45 parts of coconut meal, 25 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder, 32 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and 10 parts of passion fruit extract. The micro-particle feed has a particle size of 130-140 μm.

[0045] The larvae are reared to the larvae of Palaemonetes peniculatus P12.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: Method for rearing Palaemonetes peniculatus "Guangtai No. 1"

[0047] The microcapsule feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut oil, 5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 5 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch. The method for rearing the larvae is as follows:

[0048] (1) Water temperature: The larvae of Palaemonetes peniculatus "Guangtai No. 1" are placed in the rearing tank. The water temperature in the rearing tank is 15-20 m 3

[0049] Light: The light for the nauplii, the larvae, the larvae of Moina macrocopa, and the larvae of Palaemonetes peniculatus P2 is dim light. The light is changed to natural light for P5.

[0050] Aeration: The aeration for the nauplii is slight, so that the larvae do not sink. The aeration is gradually increased to boiling after that. The aeration is maintained without interruption during the rearing period.

[0051] ​(2) Density: The density of the nauplii was 200,000 / m 3 ;

[0052] (3) Feed: The nauplii metamorphosed into copepodids, and started to be fed with M. mucronata and Skeletonema, with the density of M. mucronata and Skeletonema being about 250 ind / ml, respectively;

[0053] In the second stage of the copepodids, the microcapsule feed was supplemented, with the feeding frequency being 5 times per day, the feeding density being 1 mg / L, and the microcapsule feed being filtered through a 200-mesh screen; in the third stage of the copepodids, Skeletonema was fed, with the density being 100 ind / ml; in the first and second stages of the mysis larvae, the microcapsule feed, shrimp slices and rotifers were fed, with the feeding density of the microcapsule feed being 0.5 mg / L, the feeding density of the shrimp slices being 1 mg / L, and the feeding density of the rotifers being 10 ind / mL, and the microcapsule feed being filtered through a 150-mesh screen;

[0054] The microcapsule feed was prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut oil, 5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 5 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch, and the particle size of the microcapsule feed was 10-20 μm.

[0055] M3 started to be fed with Artemia nauplii twice and the micro-particle feed four times, with the Artemia nauplii being fed at 10 ind / mL per meal and the micro-particle feed being fed at 1 mg / L per meal;

[0056] The juvenile shrimp P1 started to be fed with Artemia nauplii four times and the micro-particle feed twice, with the Artemia nauplii being fed at 10 ind / mL per meal and the micro-particle feed being fed at 5 mg / L per meal, and the micro-particle feed being filtered through a 100-mesh screen; the micro-particle feed was prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 9 parts of yeast powder, 40 parts of coconut meal, 28 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder, 30 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and 15 parts of passion fruit extract, and the particle size of the micro-particle feed was 130-140 μm.

[0057] The breeding was carried out to the juvenile shrimp P12.

[0058] Comparative Example 2: Breeding method of Litopenaeus vannamei “Guangtai No. 1”

[0059] The micro-particle feed was prepared from the following raw materials (by weight): 20 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of coconut meal, and 10 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder.

[0060] The breeding method was as follows:

[0061] (1) Water temperature: The Litopenaeus vannamei “Guangtai No. 1” larvae were put into the breeding tank, and the water body in the breeding tank was 15-20 m 3 , 4 air stones per square meter were arranged, the water temperature was 28.5℃, and then increased to 30℃, and when the mysis larvae M2 were reached, the water temperature was decreased to 29℃, and the water temperature of the juvenile shrimp P2 was decreased to 28℃;

[0062] Light: Micro light for nauplii, copepodid, brine shrimp larvae and before P2 of larva, transition to natural light for P5;

[0063] Aeration: Micro aeration for nauplii, to prevent sinking, then gradually increase the aeration to boiling state; keep aeration during the whole breeding period;

[0064] (2) Density: 20 million / m2 for nauplii 3 ;

[0065] (3) Feed: Start to feed with M. plumosa and Skeletonema costatum when nauplii metamorphose into copepodid, the feeding density of M. plumosa and Skeletonema costatum is 250 ind / ml respectively;

[0066] Start to feed with microcapsule feed when copepodid 2, the feeding frequency is 5 times per day, the feeding density is 1 mg / L, filter with 200 mesh silk screen net; feed with Skeletonema costatum when copepodid 3, the feeding density is 100 ind / ml; feed with microcapsule feed, shrimp slice and rotifer when brine shrimp larvae 1-2, the feeding density of microcapsule feed is 0.5 mg / L, the feeding density of shrimp slice is 1 mg / L, the feeding density of rotifer is 10 ind / mL, filter with 150 mesh silk screen net;

[0067] The microcapsule feed is made from the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts of coconut oil, 2.5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 7 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and 4 parts of sodium octenyl succinate starch, and the particle size of the microcapsule feed is 10-20 μm.

[0068] Start to feed with Artemia nauplii for two meals and micro-particle feed for four meals, the feeding density of Artemia nauplii is 10 ind / mL per meal, and the feeding density of micro-particle feed is 1 mg / L per meal;

[0069] Start to feed with Artemia nauplii for four meals and micro-particle feed for two meals when larva P1, the feeding density of Artemia nauplii is 10 ind / mL per meal, and the feeding density of micro-particle feed is 5 mg / L per meal, filter with 100 mesh silk screen net; the micro-particle feed is made from the following raw materials by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of coconut meal, and 10 parts of cassava stem and leaf powder, and the particle size of the micro-particle feed is 130-140 μm.

[0070] The breeding is completed when larva P12 is obtained.

[0071] The main difference between the control example and Example 1 is that the microcapsule feed is replaced by commercially available “Gaocheng” brand Procambarus clarkii larva opening microcapsule feed.

[0072] Test Example

[0073] In May 2022, Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1-2 and the control were tested at a shrimp breeding base in Huiwen Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province. The survival rate, pathogen carrying rate and size qualification rate of the shrimp larvae of Example 1-2, Comparative Example 1-2 and the control were recorded and compared. The blood lymph and hepatopancreas of the inoculated shrimp larvae were inoculated into specific culture media in a sterile laboratory for 12 hours of culture. The presence of specific pathogens, including Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Aeromonas, was observed. The shrimp larvae were also tested for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV).

[0074] Shrimp Larvae Survival Rate = (Number of surviving P12 larvae / number of nauplii released) * 100%

[0075] Shrimp Larvae Pathogen Carrying Rate = (Number of pathogen-carrying P12 larvae / number of surviving P12 larvae) * 100%

[0076] Shrimp Larvae Size Qualification Rate = (Number of shrimp larvae meeting size requirements / number of surviving healthy P12 larvae) * 100%

[0077]

[0078] As shown in the above table, compared with the control group, the shrimp larvae of Example 1-2 not only have a high survival rate, but also effectively avoid carrying pathogens and viruses, and have a high size qualification rate.

[0079] In Comparative Example 1, the microcapsule feed used an equal proportion of raw materials, and the survival rate and size qualification rate of the shrimp larvae were both decreased. In Comparative Example 2, the microparticle feed did not contain mulberry leaf powder and passion fruit extract, and the survival rate and size qualification rate of the shrimp larvae were significantly decreased.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei "Guangtai No. 1", characterized in that, (1) water temperature: the water temperature of Litopenaeus vannamei "Guangtai No. 1" juvenile entering the breeding pond is 28.3~28.7℃, then increased to 29.8~30.2℃, and decreased to 28.8~29.2℃ when reaching the Mysis 2 stage, and decreased to 27.8~28.2℃ when reaching the postlarva 2 stage; (2) Density: the density of nauplii is 18-20 million / m 3 ; (3) feed: the nauplius metamorphosed into the zoea starts to feed on Chaetoceros muelleri and Skeletonema costatum, maintaining a total density of 400~600 ind / ml, and the number ratio of C. muelleri and S. costatum is 0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2; The zoea 2 stage starts to supplement with microcapsule feed, and the daily feeding frequency is 5~6 times, and the daily feeding amount of the microcapsule feed is 0.8~1.2 mg / L; the zoea 3 stage adjusts the density of S. costatum to 90~110 ind / ml; The Mysis 1~2 stage feeds on microcapsule feed and shrimp slices and rotifers, the total daily feeding amount of the microcapsule feed and the shrimp slices is 1.4~1.6 mg / L, the mass ratio of the microcapsule feed and the shrimp slices is 0.4~0.6:0.8~1.2, and the daily feeding density of the rotifers is 9~11 ind / mL; The Mysis 3 stage starts to feed on Artemia nauplii twice and microgranular feed four times, each feeding Artemia nauplii 9~11 ind / mL and microgranular feed 0.8~1.2 mg / L; The postlarva 1 stage starts to feed on Artemia nauplii four times and microgranular feed twice, each feeding Artemia nauplii 9~11 ind / mL and microgranular feed 4~6 mg / L; The microcapsule feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: coconut oil 5~7 parts, algal polysaccharide 2~3 parts, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 6~8 parts, and sodium octenyl succinyl starch 4~5 parts; the particle size of the microcapsule feed is 10-20 μm; The microgranular feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: fish meal 18~22 parts, yeast powder 8~10 parts, coconut meal 35~45 parts, cassava stem and leaf powder 25~30 parts, mulberry leaf powder 28~32 parts, and passion fruit extract 10~20 parts; the particle size of the microgranular feed is 130-140 μm.

2. The method for improving the disease resistance of "Guangtai No. 1" white shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcapsule feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: coconut oil 5 parts, algal polysaccharide 2.5 parts, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 7 parts, and sodium octenyl succinyl starch 4 parts.

3. The method for improving the disease resistance of "Guangtai No. 1" white shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microgranular feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: fish meal 20 parts, yeast powder 9 parts, coconut meal 40 parts, cassava stem and leaf powder 28 parts, mulberry leaf powder 30 parts, and passion fruit extract 15 parts.

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