Laminate type shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering method and device

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of laminated shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering method and device, it is related to oil exploration and development technical field, the method includes: according to the lithology of target layer, electrical characteristics carries out stratum contrast, determines contrast mark layer;With three-dimensional seismic data as foundation, the target layer is explained, determines horizontal well area structure, establishes pre-drilling orientation model by well-to-seismic combination;According to horizontal well area structure and pre-drilling orientation model, determines horizontal section real-time orientation tracking decision;Combining contrast mark layer and horizontal section real-time orientation tracking decision is oriented to horizontal section.The present application determines horizontal section real-time orientation tracking decision by a variety of methods and is oriented to horizontal well and makes adjustment in time, whole process is simple, required parameter is less, calculation speed is fast, evaluation result is reliable, can effectively improve sweet spot drilling rate, to improve single well production, reach the purpose of economically effective development this kind of unconventional oil and gas reservoir, provide strong technical support for oil and gas reservoir exploitation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration and development technology, and more particularly to a geological steering method and device for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas. Background Technology

[0002] This section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of the invention set forth in the claims. The description herein is not an admission that it is prior art simply because it is included in this section.

[0003] A well is called a horizontal well if the angle between the wellbore trajectory and the direction of the gravity plumb bob is greater than 86 degrees. Horizontal wells are the main development drilling method to increase the volume of oil and gas discharge and improve the production of unconventional oil and gas fields.

[0004] Existing horizontal well geological steering methods typically involve "straightening" the horizontal well before the landing point, converting it to vertical depth, and then comparing it with the marker layer of adjacent wells to calculate the vertical distance from the current well depth to the top boundary of the target oil layer. After landing, adjustments to the horizontal section are mainly based on comparing the current bottom elevation with the elevation corrected for structural differences in the target layer of adjacent wells, and making adjustments in real time accordingly. This method does not consider the strong heterogeneity of continental sandstone-mudstone interbedded reservoirs, and the significant lateral and vertical continuity and variations of the reservoirs, resulting in difficulties in tracing sweet spots in continental sandstone-mudstone interbedded reservoirs and a low sweet spot encounter rate for horizontal wells in oil and gas reservoirs.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need for a geological steering technology solution for horizontal well drilling that can overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in current technologies, this invention proposes a geological steering method and apparatus for horizontal wells in lamellar shale oil and gas reservoirs. Based on the characteristics of lamellar shale oil and gas reservoirs and regional geological research results, this invention achieves simple, rapid, and reliable geological steering for horizontal well drilling, effectively improving sweet spot drilling rates and increasing single-well production.

[0007] In a first aspect of the present invention, a geological steering method for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas is proposed, comprising:

[0008] Stratigraphic correlation is conducted based on the lithological and electrical characteristics of the target layer to determine the correlation marker layer;

[0009] Based on 3D seismic data, the target layer is interpreted, the structure of the horizontal well area is determined, and a pre-drilling guidance model is established through well-seismic integration.

[0010] Based on the horizontal well area structure and pre-drilling guidance model, determine the real-time guidance tracking decision for the horizontal section;

[0011] The horizontal segment is guided by combining the comparison of the marker layer and the real-time guidance tracking decision.

[0012] In a second aspect of the present invention, a geological steering device for a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well is provided, comprising:

[0013] The stratigraphic correlation module is used to perform stratigraphic correlation based on the lithological and electrical characteristics of the target layer and to determine the correlation marker layer;

[0014] The target layer interpretation module is used to interpret the target layer based on 3D seismic data, determine the structure of the horizontal well area, and establish a pre-drilling guidance model through well-seismic integration.

[0015] The decision determination module is used to determine the real-time guidance tracking decision for the horizontal section based on the horizontal well area structure and the pre-drilling guidance model;

[0016] The guidance module is used to guide the horizontal segment by combining the comparison marker layer and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal segment.

[0017] In a third aspect of the present invention, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement a geological steering method for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells.

[0018] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a geological steering method for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells.

[0019] In a fifth aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is proposed, the computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a geological steering method for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells.

[0020] The geological steering method and device for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas proposed in this invention uses multiple methods to analyze and determine the real-time steering tracking decision for the horizontal section, guides the horizontal well, and makes timely adjustments. The overall process is simple, requires few parameters, has a fast calculation speed, and provides reliable evaluation results. It can effectively improve the sweet spot drilling rate, thereby increasing the production of a single well and achieving the goal of economically and effectively developing this type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir, providing strong technical support for oil and gas reservoir development. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the geological steering method for a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart illustrating the real-time guidance and tracking decision-making process for determining the horizontal segment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the formula for calculating the vertical thickness of the wellbore trajectory that actually cuts into or undercuts the formation when the dip angle of the well section changes consistently, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a comparison well section with rapid changes in formation dip angle, and the actual cutting or downcutting of formation vertical thickness of the wellbore trajectory in two segments, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the well location relationship in the northwest-southeast direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a fine comparison image of a small layer in the northwest-southeast direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the well location relationship in the southwest-northeast direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a fine comparison image of a small layer in the south-northeast direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a detailed cross-sectional schematic diagram illustrating the well-seismic combined structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-drilling guidance model of the LY1H horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a partial well section azimuth imaging gamma map according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the directional process of the LY1H horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a comparison diagram of sand bodies encountered during drilling in the horizontal section of well LY1H, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the directional control results of the LY1H well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the actual drilling trajectory of well LY1H according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 16This is a schematic diagram of the production curve of well LY1H according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the geological steering device architecture for a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The principles and spirit of the invention will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0041] Those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Therefore, this disclosure can be specifically implemented in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a geological steering method and device for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells are proposed, relating to the field of petroleum exploration and development technology.

[0043] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a geological steering method for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0045] S1. Based on the lithological and electrical characteristics of the target layer, stratigraphic correlation is carried out to determine the correlation marker layer;

[0046] S2, based on 3D seismic data, interprets the target layer, determines the structure of the horizontal well area, and establishes a pre-drilling guidance model through well-seismic integration;

[0047] S3, based on the horizontal well area structure and pre-drilling guidance model, determines the real-time guidance tracking decision for the horizontal section;

[0048] S4, combined with the comparison of the marker layer and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal segment, guides the horizontal segment.

[0049] In S3, refer to Figure 2Based on the horizontal well area structure and pre-drilling guidance model, the specific process for real-time guidance tracking decision-making in the horizontal section is determined as follows:

[0050] S301, the wellbore trajectory and formation penetration relationship are determined by applying the pre-drilling directional model, azimuth gamma imaging and drilling directional fitting method;

[0051] S302. After determining the wellbore trajectory and the intrusion relationship with the formation, the formation dip angle of the section to be compared is determined by using drilling steerable fitting, and the straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the comparison section is calculated by applying the formula.

[0052] S303 compresses the comparison section to the calculated straightening thickness and compares it with adjacent vertical wells or pilot wells to determine the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies.

[0053] S304 monitors the well trajectory in real time based on the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies, and adjusts the real-time directional tracking decision for the horizontal section.

[0054] Furthermore, repeat step S3 above, combining marker layer comparison and drilling guidance fitting to complete the fine guidance of the entire horizontal section. The specific process is as follows:

[0055] For each section of a horizontal well, adjust the real-time directional tracking decision for each section separately.

[0056] By combining the comparison of marker layers and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal section of each well segment, the guidance of the entire horizontal section of the horizontal well is completed.

[0057] In one embodiment, (S301) the specific process of determining the wellbore trajectory and formation penetration relationship using the pre-drilling directional model, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling directional fitting method is as follows:

[0058] Based on the different resolutions of 3D seismic, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling steerable fitting, the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship are determined at different levels. Specific methods include:

[0059] Based on the pre-drilling guidance model established by combining well and seismic analysis, the relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation was initially determined.

[0060] Using azimuth gamma imaging data, the relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation was further clarified;

[0061] If the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship cannot be further clarified through azimuth gamma imaging, the drilling steerable fitting method is used to determine it.

[0062] In one embodiment, (S302) after determining the wellbore trajectory and the formation's penetration relationship, the formation dip angle of the section to be compared is determined using steerable drilling fitting, and the straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the comparison section is calculated using a formula, including:

[0063] When calculating the straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the horizontal section of the drill string, refer to Figure 3 If there are strata with consistent dip angles within the comparison well section, formula (1) is used:

[0064] H=tan(a)×(ba) (1)

[0065] Where H is the straightening thickness;

[0066] 'a' represents the angle between the wellbore trajectory and the formation line in the comparison section, in degrees.

[0067] 'a' represents the depth measured in the well section during the borehole trajectory comparison, in meters.

[0068] b represents the depth of the well section drilled for comparison with the wellbore trajectory, in meters;

[0069] If the calculation area within the comparison well section contains rapidly changing formations, refer to... Figure 4 The calculation is performed in segments, using formula (2):

[0070]

[0071] Where H is the straightening thickness;

[0072] 'a' is the angle between the wellbore trajectory and the first formation line within the comparison well section, in degrees.

[0073] β is the angle between the wellbore trajectory and the second formation line within the comparison well section, in degrees;

[0074] 'a' represents the depth measured in the well section used for borehole trajectory comparison, in meters.

[0075] b represents the depth measured in meters at the location where the dip angle of the strata in the comparison well section changes rapidly.

[0076] c represents the depth of the well section drilled for comparison with the wellbore trajectory, in meters;

[0077] In one embodiment, (S303) the comparison well section is compressed to the calculated straightening thickness and compared with adjacent vertical wells or pilot wells to determine the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies, including:

[0078] For the incised formation, after compressing the curve encountered in the comparison well section to the calculated straightening length, it is directly compared with the pilot well, nearby vertical well, or the straightened build-up section of this well to determine the small layer or single sand body currently encountered.

[0079] For the upper incision formation, first compress the curve encountered in the comparison well section to the calculated straightening length, then perform upper and lower mirroring, and finally compare it with the pilot well, nearby vertical well, or the straightened build-up section of this well to determine the small layer or single sand body currently encountered.

[0080] In one embodiment, (S304) based on the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies, the well trajectory is monitored in real time, and the real-time directional tracking decision for the horizontal section is adjusted, including:

[0081] When tracking this sub-layer or this single sand body, drill parallel to the formation according to the predicted formation dip angle;

[0082] When chasing the oil layer upwards, increase the well inclination angle according to the predicted formation dip angle and drill upwards to cut into the formation;

[0083] When drilling down to the oil layer, reduce the well inclination angle according to the predicted formation dip angle and cut into the formation.

[0084] The geological steering method and device for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells proposed in this invention analyzes the well trajectory and the incision relationship between the well and the formation through multiple methods. Based on the incision relationship, the horizontal section curve is straightened and straightened-reversed using two methods. The straightening amount is accurately calculated using theoretical formulas and compared with the pilot well, the build-up section, or adjacent sections to promptly grasp the precise stratigraphic position of the drill bit in the formation, enabling timely guidance and adjustment and reducing ineffective footage.

[0085] This invention provides a simple, fast, and reliable geological steering method for horizontal well drilling in sandstone-mudstone interbedded reservoirs. The overall process is simple, requires few parameters, has a fast calculation speed, and provides reliable evaluation results. It can effectively improve the sweet spot encounter rate, thereby increasing single-well production and achieving the goal of economically and effectively developing this type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir, providing strong technical support for oil and gas reservoir development.

[0086] To provide a clearer explanation of the above-mentioned geological steering method for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas, a detailed description is provided below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0087] Taking the Ordos Basin as an example, the Chang 73 shale oil of the Triassic Yanchang Formation is widely developed in the basin. The low-gamma muddy siltstone interbedded inside the high-gamma oil shale is the sweet spot of the shale oil.

[0088] (1) Collect previous research results, 3D seismic data, drilling, recording and measurement data of adjacent wells and pilot wells in the study area.

[0089] (2) Stratigraphic division and marker bed determination were carried out. There are two obvious marker beds in this study area.

[0090] Figure 5 This is a map showing the location of the northwest-southeast trending well profile. Figure 5 The dashed line marked in the middle, passing through Cai37 and Xi320, indicates the well location relationship; Figure 6 This is a fine-grained correlation diagram of a small layer trending northwest to southeast, comparing two wells. Figure 5 The Cai37 and Xi320 in the series.

[0091] Figure 7 This is a map showing the location of the southwest-northeast trending well profile. Figure 7 The dashed line marked in the middle, passing through Zhen315 and Xi319, indicates the well location relationship; Figure 8 This is a fine-grained correlation diagram of a small layer trending southwest to northeast, comparing two wells. Figure 8 Xi319 and Zhen315.

[0092] exist Figure 6 and Figure 8 In the middle, marker layer ① is the high gamma oil shale at the top of Chang 73, and marker layer ② is the medium-high gamma and low resistivity tuff at the bottom of Chang 73.

[0093] (3) Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 8 Based on the identification of two sets of marker beds, fine correlation of sub-layers was conducted by combining curve characteristics and sedimentary cycles. According to the conditions of the study area, a total of 5 sub-layers were divided. Among them, sub-layer #1 is a pure oil shale section with high gamma values.

[0094] (4) Apply 3D seismic data to perform detailed interpretation of the target layer (e.g., Figure 9 As shown), to determine the geological structure of the study area, a detailed pre-drilling guidance model was established by combining well and seismic data (e.g.). Figure 10 (As shown).

[0095] (5) Based on the guidance model analysis, the structural dip angle changes significantly in the 2850-2910m well section. Furthermore, azimuth imaging gamma analysis (such as...) Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the formation was cut into sandstone at 2896m and into high gamma mudstone and shale reservoir at 2898m, indicating that the dip angle of the formation changed rapidly. It is believed that mudstone in a fault zone may have been encountered at this location.

[0096] (6) Based on the analysis of the drilling guidance model and 3D seismic data, after continuing drilling across the fault zone, the formation dips downwards. The dip angle of the formation is 2.0 degrees at 2858-2948m and 4.2 degrees at 2948-2998m. According to the formula in this invention, the straightening thickness is calculated to be 6.8m (e.g., ...). Figure 12 (as shown);

[0097] (7) The well trajectory from 2858 to 2998m cuts through the formation. After compressing the horizontal section of the drilled curve to the calculated straightening length of 6.8m, it is mirrored vertically and compared with the straightening diagram of the build-up section of well LY1H. Figure 13 It can be clearly seen that the horizontal section logging GR and the directional section logging GR have good contrast, which confirms that the formation encountered at 2858-2949m is cut from the 3# sub-layer to the middle of the 2# sub-layer, that is, from the 84# sand body cut to the 78# sand body as interpreted by the logging of the LY1H well directional section.

[0098] (8) Other well sections (horizontal sections) were compared in detail using the above method. After identifying the small layers and sweet spots encountered, reasonable decisions were made to adjust the well trajectory in real time, thus completing the precise guidance of the horizontal section of the well.

[0099] refer to Figures 14 to 16 , Figure 14 For the guiding results of well LY1H, Figure 15 The actual drilling trajectory of well LY1H. Figure 16 The production curve for well LY1H.

[0100] This invention has been applied to the Chang 73 layered shale oil field in the Ordos Basin, a region with highly heterogeneous distribution of sweet spots, and has achieved good results.

[0101] The horizontal section of well LY1H is 2000m long. It encountered 1478.8m of sand layer, with a drilling rate of 73.94%, and encountered 1200.3m of oil layer, with an oil layer drilling rate of 60.02%.

[0102] Precise geological guidance clarified the well's location: at depths of 3151–4150 m, it encountered the upper pure oil shale section of Chang 73, with high gas logging values ​​and good oil content; at depths of 2100–3150 m, it encountered the lower tight sandstone section of Chang 73, with multiple thin layers. Addressing the significant differences encountered in the horizontal sections, a combined process modification was implemented, resulting in high production after pressure treatment. After commissioning, production stabilized, averaging 24.2 tons of oil and 12.3 cubic meters of water per day, with a water cut of 30.1%.

[0103] It should be noted that although the operation of the method of the present invention has been described in a specific order in the above embodiments and figures, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0104] After introducing the method of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following references are made. Figure 17 This invention provides an exemplary embodiment of a geological steering device for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells.

[0105] The implementation of the geological steering device for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells can refer to the implementation of the above-described method, and will not be repeated here. The term "module" or "unit" used below can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that achieves a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0106] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also proposes a geological steering device for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells, such as... Figure 17 As shown, the device includes:

[0107] The stratigraphic correlation module 1710 is used to perform stratigraphic correlation based on the lithological and electrical characteristics of the target layer and to determine the correlation marker layer.

[0108] The target layer interpretation module 1720 is used to interpret the target layer based on 3D seismic data, determine the structure of the horizontal well area, and establish a pre-drilling guidance model through well-seismic integration.

[0109] The decision determination module 1730 is used to determine the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal section based on the horizontal well area structure and the pre-drilling guidance model.

[0110] The guidance module 1740 is used to guide the horizontal segment by combining the comparison marker layer and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal segment.

[0111] It should be noted that although several modules of the geological steering device for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of the present invention, the features and functions of two or more modules described above can be embodied in one module. Conversely, the features and functions of one module described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules.

[0112] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, such as Figure 18 As shown, the present invention also proposes a computer device 1800, including a memory 1810, a processor 1820, and a computer program 1830 stored in the memory 1810 and executable on the processor 1820. When the processor 1820 executes the computer program 1830, it implements the aforementioned geological steering method for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells.

[0113] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, this invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned geological steering method for layered shale oil and gas horizontal wells.

[0114] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, this invention proposes a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a geological steering method for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas.

[0115] The geological steering method and device for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas proposed in this invention uses multiple methods to analyze and determine the real-time steering tracking decision for the horizontal section, guides the horizontal well, and makes timely adjustments. The overall process is simple, requires few parameters, has a fast calculation speed, and provides reliable evaluation results. It can effectively improve the sweet spot drilling rate, thereby increasing the production of a single well and achieving the goal of economically and effectively developing this type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir, providing strong technical support for oil and gas reservoir development.

[0116] It can achieve simple, fast and reliable geological steering for unconventional oil and gas horizontal well drilling, effectively improve the sweet spot drilling rate, thereby increasing single-well production and achieving the goal of economically and effectively developing this type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir.

[0117] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in this application all comply with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, apparatus, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0119] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0120] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0121] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A geological steering method for horizontal wells in layered shale oil and gas formations, characterized in that, include: Stratigraphic correlation is conducted based on the lithological and electrical characteristics of the target layer to determine the correlation marker layer; Based on 3D seismic data, the target layer is interpreted, the structure of the horizontal well area is determined, and a pre-drilling guidance model is established through well-seismic integration. Based on the horizontal well area structure and pre-drilling guidance model, determine the real-time guidance tracking decision for the horizontal section; The horizontal segment is guided by combining the comparison of the marker layer and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal segment; Among them, based on the horizontal well area structure and pre-drilling guidance model, the real-time guidance tracking decision for the horizontal section is determined, including: The wellbore trajectory and formation penetration relationship were determined by applying the pre-drilling directional model, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling directional fitting method. After determining the wellbore trajectory and the formation's inclination relationship, the formation dip angle of the section to be compared is determined using drilling-while-drilling steerable fitting, and the straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the comparison section is calculated using the formula. Compress the comparison section to the calculated straightening thickness and compare it with adjacent vertical wells or pilot wells to determine the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies; Based on the small layers or single sand bodies currently encountered during drilling, monitor the well trajectory in real time and adjust the real-time directional tracking decisions for the horizontal section. The method also includes: For each section of a horizontal well, adjust the real-time directional tracking decision for each section separately. By combining the comparison of marker layers and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal section of each well segment, the guidance of the entire horizontal section of the horizontal well is completed; Among these methods, the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship are determined using pre-drilling directional models, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling-while-drilling directional fitting methods, including: Based on the different resolutions of 3D seismic, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling steerable fitting, the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship are determined at different levels. Specific methods include: Based on the pre-drilling guidance model established by combining well and seismic analysis, the relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation was initially determined. Using azimuth gamma imaging data, the relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation was further clarified; If the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship cannot be further clarified through azimuth gamma imaging, the drilling steerable fitting method is used to determine it.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the wellbore trajectory and its relationship with the formation, the formation dip angle of the section to be compared is determined using steerable drilling fitting. The straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the comparison section is then calculated using formulas, including: When calculating the straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the horizontal section, if there are formations with consistent dip angles in the comparison well section, formula (1) is used: H=tan( a )×(b-a)(1) Where H is the straightening thickness, in meters (m); a To compare the angle between the wellbore trajectory and the formation line in the well section, °; 'a' represents the depth measured in the well section used for borehole trajectory comparison, in meters. b represents the depth of the well section drilled for comparison with the wellbore trajectory, in meters; If there is a rapidly changing formation within the comparison well section, the calculation is performed in segments using formula (2): H=(tan( a )× +(c-b))×tan( ) (2) Where H is the straightening thickness, in meters (m); a The angle between the wellbore trajectory and the first formation line within the comparison well section, in °; The angle between the wellbore trajectory and the second formation line within the comparison well section is °; 'a' represents the depth measured in the well section used for borehole trajectory comparison, in meters. b represents the depth measured in meters at the location where the dip angle of the strata in the comparison well section changes rapidly. c represents the depth of the well section being compared with the borehole trajectory, in meters.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Compress the comparison section to the calculated straightening thickness and compare it with adjacent vertical wells or pilot wells to identify currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies, including: For the incised formation, after compressing the curve encountered in the comparison well section to the calculated straightening length, it is directly compared with the pilot well, nearby vertical well, or the straightened build-up section of this well to determine the small layer or single sand body currently encountered. For the upper incision formation, first compress the curve encountered in the comparison well section to the calculated straightening length, then perform upper and lower mirroring, and finally compare it with the pilot well, nearby vertical well, or the straightened build-up section of this well to determine the small layer or single sand body currently encountered.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies, monitor the well trajectory in real time and adjust the real-time directional tracking decisions for the horizontal sections, including: When tracking this sub-layer or this single sand body, drill parallel to the formation according to the predicted formation dip angle; When chasing the oil layer upwards, increase the well inclination angle according to the predicted formation dip angle and drill upwards to cut into the formation; When drilling down to the oil layer, reduce the well inclination angle according to the predicted formation dip angle and cut into the formation.

5. A geological steering device for a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well, characterized in that, include: The stratigraphic correlation module is used to perform stratigraphic correlation based on the lithological and electrical characteristics of the target layer and to determine the correlation marker layer; The target layer interpretation module is used to interpret the target layer based on 3D seismic data, determine the structure of the horizontal well area, and establish a pre-drilling guidance model through well-seismic integration. The decision determination module is used to determine the real-time guidance tracking decision for the horizontal section based on the horizontal well area structure and the pre-drilling guidance model; The guidance module is used to guide the horizontal segment by combining the comparison marker layer and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal segment; Specifically, the decision-making module is used for: The wellbore trajectory and formation penetration relationship were determined by applying the pre-drilling directional model, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling directional fitting method. After determining the wellbore trajectory and the formation's inclination relationship, the formation dip angle of the section to be compared is determined using drilling-while-drilling steerable fitting, and the straightening thickness of the formation encountered in the comparison section is calculated using the formula. Compress the comparison section to the calculated straightening thickness and compare it with adjacent vertical wells or pilot wells to determine the currently encountered small layers or single sand bodies; Based on the small layers or single sand bodies currently encountered during drilling, monitor the well trajectory in real time and adjust the real-time directional tracking decisions for the horizontal section. The decision-making module is also used for: For each section of a horizontal well, adjust the real-time directional tracking decision for each section separately. By combining the comparison of marker layers and the real-time guidance tracking decision of the horizontal section of each well segment, the guidance of the entire horizontal section of the horizontal well is completed; The decision-making module is also used for: Based on the different resolutions of 3D seismic, azimuth gamma imaging, and drilling steerable fitting, the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship are determined at different levels. Specific methods include: Based on the pre-drilling guidance model established by combining well and seismic analysis, the relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation was initially determined. Using azimuth gamma imaging data, the relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation was further clarified; If the wellbore trajectory and formation inclination relationship cannot be further clarified through azimuth gamma imaging, the drilling steerable fitting method is used to determine it.

6. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

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