Method for automatically generating map-cuts geological profile based on geological spatial database

Abstract

The application relates to a method for automatically generating a map-cut geological profile based on a geological space database, comprising the following steps: establishing a geological map space database; modeling in the geological map space database, including an attribute model of boundary points, a correlation model of boundary points and corresponding boundaries, a projection point corresponding relationship model of boundary points and a map-cut profile, a left and right geological body attribute model corresponding to the position of the boundary points and a graphic parameter model; obtaining a profile line drawn by a user in a graphic work area based on a geological map; cutting profile calculation based on the profile line to obtain parameters corresponding to the models; obtaining drawing parameters of a map-cut geological profile according to the parameters corresponding to the models; and automatically drawing the map-cut geological profile by using the drawing parameters. The application solves the problem that in the prior art, a corresponding three-dimensional geological model cannot be established for a region without drilling data, and thus a corresponding map-cut geological profile cannot be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to an automatic method for generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database. Background Technology

[0002] A geotectonic profile is a geological cross-section drawn on a topographic and geological map, based on geographical and geological elements, at a specific scale, using projection methods in a designated direction. It visually reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of strata, lithology, and structures within the mapped area. Geotectonic profiles are of great significance in mineral exploration and geological research.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous advancement of informatization in geological and mineral work, the application of 3D geological modeling technology has become increasingly widespread, and the method of creating map-cut geological profiles based on 3D geological models has also received increasing attention. However, establishing a 3D geological model requires measured borehole data. For areas without borehole data, such as rural areas or mountains, it is impossible to establish a corresponding 3D geological model, and consequently, it is impossible to obtain the corresponding map-cut geological profiles. Therefore, improvements are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem in existing technologies that, for areas lacking borehole data, it is impossible to establish corresponding three-dimensional geological models and thus obtain corresponding map-cut geological profiles, this application provides an automatic generation method for map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database.

[0005] The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An automatic generation method for map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database, comprising:

[0007] Establish a spatial database of geological maps;

[0008] Modeling is performed in the geological map spatial database, including the attribute model of boundary points, the association model between boundary points and corresponding boundaries, the correspondence model between boundary points and projection points of map sections, the attribute model of the left and right geological bodies corresponding to the location of the boundary points, and the graphic parameter model.

[0009] Retrieve profile lines drawn by the user based on the geological map in the graphics workspace;

[0010] Based on the profile lines, the cutting profile is calculated to obtain the parameters corresponding to each model;

[0011] Based on the parameters corresponding to each model, the mapping parameters of the geological profile map are obtained, including: the age, sequence, and contact relationship of the strata, the distribution and extension of the old and new strata, the anticline and syncline conditions, the attitude of the axial plane, the state of the hinge, the morphology of the turning point, the extension direction of the fold, the length-to-width ratio of the fold, and the formation age of the fold.

[0012] Using the aforementioned mapping parameters, a geological profile map is automatically generated.

[0013] Preferably, the geological map spatial database includes element classes—topographic contour lines, geological bodies, geological boundaries, faults, and attitudes;

[0014] The method further includes:

[0015] Data layers and corresponding attribute data items are set up based on geological maps, and corresponding data are collected. The data layers and corresponding attribute data items include: contour lines, with elevation values ​​as the corresponding attribute data item; geological bodies, with geological age, geological symbols, and lithological descriptions as the corresponding attribute data items; geological boundaries, with dip and dip angle as the corresponding attribute data items; fault layers, with dip and dip angle as the corresponding attribute data items; and attitude layers, with dip and dip angle as the corresponding attribute data items.

[0016] Based on the collected data layers and corresponding attribute data items, obtain the parameters corresponding to the model.

[0017] Preferably, the step of performing cutting profile calculations based on the profile lines to obtain parameters corresponding to each model includes:

[0018] Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and topographic contour lines is performed to obtain the elevation values ​​of the intersection points. At the same time, the elevation values ​​of the endpoints and turning points of the cutting line are obtained and written into the attribute model of the boundary point. The attribute model of the boundary point includes: category code number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, primitive ID, cumulative length, label, stratigraphic sequence, and association ID.

[0019] and / or

[0020] Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the geological body is performed to obtain the intersection point information of the boundary line of the geological body through which the cutting line passes; through calculation, the attribute model of the boundary point of the geological body is written; the attribute model of the boundary point of the geological body includes: category code number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, graphic element ID, cumulative length, label, type, remark, stratigraphic sequence, and association ID;

[0021] and / or

[0022] Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the fault is performed to obtain the intersection point information of the fault boundary line through which the cutting line passes. The intersection point attribute model is calculated and written into the attribute model of the intersection point. The attribute model of the intersection point includes: category code, serial number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, primitive ID, dip, true dip angle, cumulative length, label, fault type, remark, and association ID.

[0023] Preferably, when performing the intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the geological body, the method further includes: determining whether the intersection point of the geological body boundary line crossed by the cutting line is a fault boundary point; if it is a fault boundary point, the fault name is obtained and placed in the type data item, and then the dip and true dip angle information of the fault boundary line is obtained according to the boundary line where the fault is located; if dip and true dip angle information exists, it is written into the dip and true dip angle data item; similarly, if it is a geological boundary point, the contact relationship of the geological boundary line, the geological code of the geological body, and the stratigraphic sequence information are written into the data item, and if dip and true dip angle information exists, it is also written into the dip and true dip angle data item; if dip and dip angle information does not exist, the dip and true dip angle values ​​of the qualified attitude are obtained and written into the dip and true dip angle data item; wherein, the attitude closest to the intersection point is found, and if the attitude point falls in the stratum corresponding to the intersection point, the attitude is a qualified attitude.

[0024] Preferably, the anticline and syncline conditions of the formation are determined by the following methods:

[0025] The sequence number is assigned as the sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata; the older the stratum, the larger the sequence number value.

[0026] Analyze the strata that intersect with the cutting profile line to obtain the sequence number of each stratum;

[0027] The abrupt changes in stratigraphic sequence numbers are used to determine the core and limbs, and further to determine the anticline and syncline: if the stratigraphic sequence number increases and then decreases again, it is determined to be an anticline according to the principle of an older core and a newer limb; if the stratigraphic sequence number decreases and then increases again, it is determined to be a syncline according to the principle of a newer core and an older limb.

[0028] Preferably, by drawing a cross-sectional line and using spatial analysis intersection technology, the intersection points of the cross-sectional line with the geological body arc segment and the geological boundary are calculated; the geological unit attributes of the geological bodies to the left and right of the intersection point are obtained, thereby obtaining the geological age, stratigraphic sequence and contact relationship of the boundary line to the left and right of the boundary point.

[0029] Preferably, the distribution and extension of old and new strata are automatically determined using the following methods:

[0030] The intersection points of the map section line and the geological boundary line are sequentially divided into segments at the turning points of the map section line and ordered from left to right and from top to bottom. The spatial distribution of old and new strata is obtained through the attributes of the intersection points. The stratigraphic sequence of old and new strata is obtained by geological experts based on the stratigraphic table of China's regional timescale or the international geological timescale, and the strata are assigned a sequence number as a sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata. The older the strata, the larger the value of the sequence number.

[0031] Then, using the set buffer, the relevant attitude of the intersection point is calculated. Then, the attitude of the geological boundary representing the intersection point is obtained through the nearest distance method, thereby obtaining the attitude attributes and the strike and dip values ​​of the old and new strata; or, according to the association model between the boundary point and the corresponding boundary, if the corresponding boundary has dip and dip attributes, the dip and dip of the boundary are uniformly converted into numerical values, and then the extension of the strata is obtained by calculating the apparent dip angle: if the apparent dip angle is 90 degrees, the occurrence state of the strata is vertical; if the apparent dip angle is 0 degrees, the occurrence state of the strata is horizontal; if the apparent dip angle ∈ (0, 90), the occurrence state of the strata is dipping towards the right end of the profile; if the apparent dip angle ∈ (-90, 0), the strata dip towards the left end of the profile.

[0032] Preferably, the axial plane attitude information is obtained by the following method:

[0033] Determine the relationship between the inclination and tilt angle of the two wings. If the inclinations of the two wings are opposite and the tilt angles are nearly equal, it indicates that the axial plane is upright; if the tilt angles of the two wings are unequal, it indicates that the axial plane is tilted.

[0034] Preferably, the hub status is obtained in the following manner:

[0035] To determine the orientation of the two flanks, if the two flanks extend in the same direction as the hub and are parallel, then the hub is horizontal; if the two flanks intersect or curve in an arc, then the hub is tilted. Among them, the tip of the curve where the two flanks meet at the same stratigraphic boundary is the tilting direction of the anticline hub, and the uplift direction of the syncline hub.

[0036] Preferably, the shape of the turning point is determined by the tightness of the folds—the closer the strata on both sides are, the tighter the turning point is, and vice versa.

[0037] The distance between two points is calculated by intersecting the cross-section line with the adjacent geological boundary line. Through a series of calculations, including dip angle, stratigraphic age determination, and morphological calculation and determination, the above-mentioned width, flatness, and other conditions can be determined to facilitate the drawing of the cross-section diagram.

[0038] Preferably, while generating the map section, a spatial database of points, lines, and areas for the section is established; the automatic mapping of the map section using the aforementioned mapping parameters includes:

[0039] The calculation and processing of the stratification boundaries of the profile involves first calculating the apparent dip angle and the true dip angle, and then drawing a graphic sketch. According to the given scale, the intersection points of the profile lines and topographic lines on the geological map are first projected onto the profile map to form a topographic profile curve. Then, the intersection points of the profile lines and geological boundaries on the geological map are projected onto the topographic profile curve. The stratification boundaries are drawn according to the dip and dip angle of the strata near each point.

[0040] Preferably, the automatic mapping of the geological profile using the aforementioned mapping parameters further includes:

[0041] Based on the calculated profile sketch, the complete boundaries of the profile are obtained, including the vertical lines of the starting and ending endpoint projection points, stratigraphic boundaries, topographic curves, and the bottom line of the profile. Through spatial analysis, automatic line approach, automatic line cutting, deletion of redundant lines, and automatic calculation and processing of anticline lines, syncline lines, and bottom water body boundaries are used to convert the lines into arcs. The topological relationships between the arcs are automatically checked and processed, and the profile surface elements of each geological unit are automatically formed based on the enclosed arcs. Then, the corresponding elements are automatically assigned according to the relevant attributes of the geological map, completing the establishment of the profile attribute library. The color of the original corresponding rock layer is assigned to the element as the display parameter of the element, thus completing the coloring of the profile. Finally, based on the relevant attributes of the projection points, appropriate locations are identified and selected, and automatic markings are applied, including stratigraphic codes, fault names, river system names, and profile azimuth adjustments.

[0042] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0043] 1. This application, without the need for borehole data, fully utilizes existing geological data and models a geological map spatial database. It acquires attribute models of boundary points, association models between boundary points and corresponding boundaries, correspondence models between boundary points and projection points of the map-cut geological profile, attribute models of the left and right geological bodies corresponding to the location of the boundary points, and relevant parameters of the graphic parameter model. This yields mapping parameters, including: the age, sequence, and contact relationships of strata; the distribution and extension of old and new strata; anticlines and synclines; axial plane attitude; hinge status; morphology of turning points; fold extension direction; fold length ratio; and fold formation age. Finally, using these mapping parameters, a map-cut geological profile is automatically generated. This application directly obtains a map-cut geological profile based on a planar geological map, solving the problem in existing technologies where it is impossible to establish a corresponding three-dimensional geological model and thus obtain a corresponding map-cut geological profile for areas without borehole data. Furthermore, the technical solution of this application is easy to operate, highly practical, and can improve drawing efficiency and accuracy.

[0044] 2. In this application, a sequence number is assigned as the sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata. Then, the strata intersecting the cutting profile line are analyzed to obtain the sequence number of each stratum. The abrupt change in the sequence number of the strata is then used to determine the core and limbs, and further to determine the anticline and syncline: if the sequence number of the strata increases from small to large and then decreases again, it is determined to be an anticline according to the principle of old core and new limb; if the sequence number of the strata decreases from large to small and then increases again, it is determined to be a syncline according to the principle of new core and old limb. Therefore, compared with the existing technology that determines the core and limbs through symmetry, and then determines the anticline and syncline, the accuracy of anticline and syncline determination is greatly improved, thereby improving the accuracy of automatic mapping. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method according to one embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of a geological profile obtained using the method of this application (bottom) and a geological profile obtained using the prior art (top);

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the attribute parameters of each point of the geotectonic geological profile obtained by the method of this application and the projection of the geotectonic geological profile.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mapping parameters for the geological profile map in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0050] This application discloses an automatic generation method for map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0051] S1. Establish a spatial database of geological maps. Specifically, in the absence of borehole data, existing geological data can be fully utilized, and GIS software can be used to establish a spatial database of geological maps containing elements such as topographic contour lines, geological bodies, geological boundaries, faults, and attitudes.

[0052] The method further includes:

[0053] S11. Based on the geological map, set up data layers and corresponding attribute data items, and collect the corresponding data; wherein, the data layers and corresponding attribute data items include: contour line layer, with the corresponding attribute data item being elevation value; geological body layer, with the corresponding attribute data items being geological age, geological symbol, and lithological description; geological boundary layer, with the corresponding attribute data items being dip and dip angle (this content is optional, or dip and dip angle data from the attitude layer can be used); fault layer, with the corresponding attribute data items being dip and dip angle (this content is optional, or dip and dip angle data from the attitude layer can be used); attitude layer, with the corresponding attribute data items being dip and dip angle.

[0054] S12, Based on the collected data layers and corresponding attribute data items, obtain the parameters corresponding to the model;

[0055] S2, Modeling is performed in the aforementioned geological map spatial database, including attribute models of boundary points, association models between boundary points and corresponding boundaries, correspondence models between boundary points and projection points of the map-cutting cross-section, attribute models of the left and right geological bodies corresponding to the location of the boundary points, and graphic parameter models. This modeling is not traditional modeling, but rather the creation of data items to be collected for the map-cutting geological cross-section after drawing cross-section lines on the geological map.

[0056] S3, Obtain the profile line based on the geological map drawn by the user in the graphics workspace. The profile line can be a multi-point polyline.

[0057] S4, based on the profile line, perform cutting profile calculations to obtain the parameters corresponding to each model; including:

[0058] Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and topographic contour lines is performed to obtain the elevation values ​​of the intersection points. Simultaneously (based on adjacent analysis and extended inference), the elevation values ​​of the endpoints and turning points of the cutting line are obtained and written into the attribute model of the boundary point. The attribute model of the boundary point includes: category code number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, primitive ID, cumulative length, label (geological symbols or geological names required for the profile), type, remarks (recording descriptive information such as lithology of geological bodies), stratigraphic sequence (recording the chronology of stratigraphic ages), and association ID.

[0059] and / or

[0060] Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the geological body is performed to obtain the intersection point information of the boundary line of the geological body through which the cutting line passes; through calculation, the attribute model of the boundary point of the geological body is written; the attribute model of the boundary point of the geological body includes: category code number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, graphic element ID (dip, true dip, apparent dip, profile line azimuth), cumulative length, label (geological symbols or geological names that need to be labeled on the profile), type, remarks (recording the lithology and other descriptive information of the geological body), stratigraphic sequence (recording the old and new strata), and association ID;

[0061] and / or

[0062] Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the fault is performed to obtain the intersection point information of the fault boundary line crossed by the cutting line. Through calculation, the information is written into the attribute model of the intersection point. The attribute model of the intersection point includes: category code (the aforementioned category code can be set as follows: 0—section cutting line control point, 1—elevation control point, 2—nearby ground feature marker point, 3—intersection point of section cutting line and fault, 4—geological body boundary point; here the category code is 3), serial number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, element ID, dip, true dip angle, cumulative length, label (records the fault name or code that needs to be labeled on the profile map), fault type (records the fault type name), remarks, and associated ID;

[0063] When performing the intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the geological body, the process also includes: determining whether the intersection point of the geological body boundary line crossed by the cutting line is a fault boundary point; if it is a fault boundary point, the fault name is obtained and placed in the type data item, and then the dip and true dip angle information of the fault boundary line is obtained according to the boundary line where the fault is located; if dip and true dip angle information exists, it is written into the dip and true dip angle data item; similarly, if it is a geological boundary point, the contact relationship of the geological boundary line, the geological code of the geological body, and the strata are... The stratigraphic sequence information is written into the data item. If dip and true dip angle information exists, it is also written into the dip and true dip angle data item. If dip and true dip angle information does not exist, the dip and true dip angle values ​​of the qualified attitudes are obtained and written into the dip and true dip angle data item. Among them, the attitude closest to the intersection point is searched from the attitudes (such as strata attitude, strata overturned attitude, horizontal attitude, volcanic rock strata attitude, intrusive contact attitude, etc.). If the attitude point falls in the strata corresponding to the intersection point, then the attitude is a qualified attitude.

[0064] It is important to note that geological databases often use two methods to input trend values: specific data values ​​and interval codes. For calculation purposes, trend data items here will uniformly use numerical values. The conversion methods are as follows: “SE”—135, “E”—180, “N”—0.0, “W”—270, “NEE”—70.0, “NNW”—340.0, “NW”—315.0, “NWW”—290.0, “SE”—135.0, “SEE”—115.0, “SSW”—200.0, “SW”—135.0, “SWW”—250.0, “SSE”—160.0, “NNE”—20.0.

[0065] S5, obtain the mapping parameters for the geological profile map based on the parameters corresponding to each model, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the mapping parameters include: the age, sequence stratigraphy, and contact relationships of the strata; the distribution and extension of old and new strata; the anticline and syncline conditions; the attitude of the axial plane; the state of the hinge; the morphology of the turning point; the extension direction of the folds; the aspect ratio of the folds; and the formation age of the folds. The mapping parameters are obtained directly or calculated from the corresponding data items in the boundary point attribute model. The formation age of the folds can be obtained through the relationship between old and new strata; the aspect ratio of the folds can be set according to the actual situation; and the extension direction of the folds can be obtained from the dip angle.

[0066] Specifically, the anticline and syncline conditions of strata are determined using the following methods:

[0067] S51 assigns a sequence number as the sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata; the older the strata, the larger the sequence number value; the sequence of old and new strata can be determined in advance by geological experts based on the stratigraphic (geological time) table of China's regional time or the international geological time scale;

[0068] S52, Analyze the strata that intersect with the cutting profile line to obtain the sequence number of each stratum;

[0069] S53 uses abrupt changes in stratigraphic sequence numbers to determine the core and limbs, and then to determine the anticline and syncline: if the stratigraphic sequence number increases and then decreases again, it is determined to be an anticline according to the principle of an older core and a newer limb; if the stratigraphic sequence number decreases and then increases again, it is determined to be a syncline according to the principle of a newer core and an older limb.

[0070] Optionally, in order to accurately obtain the intersection points of the map section line and the geological boundary, and to quickly obtain the geological units and related attribute content on both sides of the boundary point through the intersection point location, thereby drawing an accurate cross-section, the intersection points of the map section line, the geological body arc segment, and the geological boundary are calculated by drawing the map section line and using spatial analysis intersection technology; the geological unit attributes of the geological bodies on the left and right sides of the intersection point are obtained, thereby obtaining the geological age, stratigraphic sequence, and contact relationship of the boundary line on the left and right sides of the boundary point.

[0071] Optionally, the distribution and extension of old and new strata can be automatically determined using the following methods:

[0072] The intersection points of the map section line and the geological boundary line are sequentially divided into segments at the turning points of the map section line and ordered from left to right and from top to bottom. The spatial distribution of old and new strata is obtained through the attributes of the intersection points. The stratigraphic sequence of old and new strata is obtained by geological experts based on the stratigraphic table of China's regional timescale or the international geological timescale, and the strata are assigned a sequence number as a sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata. The older the strata, the larger the value of the sequence number.

[0073] Then, using the set buffer (distance is unlimited), the relevant attitude of the intersection point is calculated. Then, the attitude (such as the attitude of rock strata) representing the geological boundary where the intersection point is located is obtained through the nearest distance method, and the attitude attributes are obtained to obtain the strike and dip values ​​of the old and new strata; or, according to the association model between the boundary point and the corresponding boundary, if the corresponding boundary has dip and dip attributes, the dip and dip of the boundary are uniformly converted into numerical values ​​(corresponding to value B in the table below), and the extension of the strata is obtained by calculating the apparent dip angle: if the apparent dip angle is 90 degrees, the occurrence state of the strata is vertical; if the apparent dip angle is 0 degrees, the occurrence state of the strata is horizontal; if the apparent dip angle ∈ (0,90), the occurrence state of the strata is dipping towards the right end of the profile; if the apparent dip angle ∈ (-90,0), the strata dip towards the left end of the profile.

[0074] Specifically, the formula for calculating the apparent dip angle is: tan(A / 180*PI)=tan(B / 180*PI)*cos(V / 180*PI); where A is the apparent dip angle, B is the true dip angle, V is the angle between the profile direction and the dip direction of the strata (or fault), and V = profile azimuth angle - strata dip direction; (the apparent dip angle A ∈ (-90, 90] calculated from the above formula, and the absolute value represents the magnitude of the apparent dip angle;

[0075] The tilt pattern is mainly determined by V:

[0076] If V∈(-90,90), cos(V / 180*PI)>0, the profile tilts to the right.

[0077] If V∈(-180,-90)U(90,180) and cos(V / 180*PI)<0, then the profile is tilted to the left.

[0078] If V∈{-90,90}, cos(V / 180*PI)=0, indicating a horizontal orientation, the direction of the profile cutting line is consistent with the strike of the strata or fault; however, when B=90, tan(B / 180*PI)=∞, A=90, indicating a vertical orientation of the strata or fault, independent of V.

[0079] Therefore, the above four cases can be distinguished by the value of A, thus obtaining the situation of stratum extension.

[0080] Value of A tan(A / 180*PI) Output status Determinants 90 ∞ upright B＝90 0 0 level V∈{-90,90} ∈(0,90) >0 Inclined to the right end of the cross-section V∈(-90,90), ∈(-90,0) <0 Inclined to the left end of the cross-section V∈(-180,-90)U(90,180)

[0081] Optionally, the attitude information of the axial plane can be obtained by the following method: determining the relationship between the dip and inclination angle of the two wings. If the dips of the two wings are opposite and the inclination angles are nearly equal, it indicates that the axial plane is upright; if the inclination angles of the two wings are unequal, it indicates that the axial plane is tilted.

[0082] Based on the above calculations and discrimination results, the morphology of the folds can be determined, and they can be distinguished according to the attitude of the axial plane and the attitude of the two limbs:

[0083] Vertical folds: The axial plane is nearly vertical, and the two wings are inclined in opposite directions with nearly equal angles;

[0084] Inclined folds: The axial plane is inclined upwards, with both limbs tilting in the same direction, and the strata on one limb are overturned;

[0085] Recumbent folds: folds with a nearly horizontal axial plane, normal strata on one limb, and overturned strata on the other limb;

[0086] Overturned folds: The axial plane is inclined, and both limbs are inclined upwards. The strata on both limbs dip in the same direction, with equal or unequal dip angles. The strata on one limb have a normal stratigraphic sequence, while the stratigraphic sequence on the other limb is inverted. In both oblique and overturned folds, the axial plane of the anticline is set to be consistent with the dip of the gentle limb (the gentle limb is the relatively gentle limb among the two limbs, determined by its dip angle), thus allowing for drawing according to this rule.

[0087] Optionally, the state of the hub can be obtained by: determining the orientation of the two wings; if the two wings are parallel in the direction of the hub's extension, then the hub is horizontal; if the two wings intersect or bend in an arc, then the hub is tilted; wherein, the tip of the bend where the two wings meet at the same stratigraphic boundary is the tilting direction of the anticline hub, and the uplift direction of the syncline hub.

[0088] The specific explanations are as follows: Horizontal folds: The ridge axis extends nearly horizontally, with the strata on both flanks trending roughly parallel and symmetrically distributed; Plunging folds: The ridge axis plunges to one end, and the strata on both flanks converge in an arc shape. On an anticline, the apex of the convergence points towards the plunging direction; on a syncline, the opening of the convergence points towards the plunging direction of the ridge axis.

[0089] Furthermore, the tightness of the folds can be used to determine the shape of the turning point—the closer the strata on both flanks are, the tighter the turning point is, and vice versa. By calculating the distance between adjacent intersections of the profile line and the geological boundary it crosses, and through a series of calculations, considering dip angle, stratigraphic age, and morphological calculations and identification (such as anticlines, synclines, and their axes, axial planes, and flanks), the aforementioned width, tightness, and gentleness can be determined, facilitating the graphical drawing of the profile.

[0090] S6. Using the aforementioned mapping parameters, an automatic geological profile map is generated.

[0091] While generating the map-cut geological profile, a spatial database of points, lines, and areas for the profile is established; the automatic mapping of the map-cut geological profile using the aforementioned mapping parameters includes:

[0092] S61, while generating the map-cutting cross-section, a spatial database of points, lines, and surfaces for the cross-section is established; the automatic mapping of the map-cutting geological cross-section using the aforementioned mapping parameters includes:

[0093] Calculating and processing the stratigraphic boundaries involves first calculating the apparent dip angle and true dip angle, and then drawing a graphic sketch (a plain drawing without fill color). At the given scale, the intersections of the geological map's profile lines and topographic lines (contour lines) are projected onto the profile drawing to form a topographic profile curve. Then, the intersections of the geological map's profile lines and geological boundaries (strata boundaries, unconformities, fault lines, etc.) are projected onto the topographic profile curve. The stratigraphic boundaries are drawn according to the dip direction and dip angle of the strata near each point (if the profile intersects the strike obliquely, the stratigraphic boundaries should be drawn according to the apparent dip angle of the profile direction).

[0094] If the generated graphics have quality issues, such as calculation errors caused by inaccurate original data, or inaccuracies due to the calculation methods of the computer software itself, such as the buffer method (which obtains all attitudes within the buffer and then judges their suitability and utilization based on whether they meet the requirements and the nearest distance method), the data may be inaccurate due to insufficient consideration of certain features. In such cases, the data should be corrected using the editing tools provided by the geological map spatial database. After obtaining the corrected mapping parameters (which are saved in the previously calculated intersection attribute data items), the profile layer boundaries should be recalculated and processed.

[0095] S62. Based on the calculated profile sketch, obtain the complete boundary lines of the profile, including the vertical lines (elevation lines) of the starting and ending endpoint projection points, stratigraphic boundaries, topographic curves, and the lower baseline (horizontal baseline) of the profile. Through spatial analysis, using automatic line approach, automatic line cutting, deletion of redundant lines, and automatic calculation and processing of anticline lines, syncline lines, and bottom boundaries of water bodies, the lines are converted into arc segments. The topological relationships between arc segments are automatically checked and processed, and the profile volume elements of each geological unit are automatically generated based on the enclosed closed arc segments (reducing human intervention). Then, according to the relevant attributes of the geological map (including the attributes assigned to the geological units, such as geological codes, geological body names, geological body descriptions, etc., and also the parameters of the geological body elements), the profile is generated. Feature attributes, such as geological body color and fill pattern, are automatically assigned to the corresponding graphic elements during the calculation of the cross-section diagram (these attributes have already been acquired and assigned to the attribute data items of the intersection of the cross-section line and the boundary line). This quickly completes the establishment of the cross-section diagram attribute library. The color of the original corresponding rock layer is assigned to the graphic element as its display parameter, thus quickly completing the coloring of the cross-section diagram. (At this time, the generated cross-section diagram has automatically established the topological relationship of the cross-section diagram according to the spatial topology processing method, ensuring the consistency of lines and arcs and the consistency of graphic element topology.) Finally, based on the relevant attributes of the projection points, appropriate locations are identified and selected, and automatic markings are applied, including stratigraphic codes (or names), fault names, (river, etc.) drainage system names, and azimuth adjustments for the cross-section diagram.

[0096] Based on the MapGIS platform and geographic information technologies, the inventors used the C++ development language and applied a geological map spatial database to design and implement a toolset that integrates automatic geological profile generation, interactive editing, data management, and output printing. Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of a geological profile obtained using the method of this application (bottom) and a geological profile obtained using the prior art (top); Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the attribute parameters of each point on the geodetic profile obtained using the method of this application and the projection of the geodetic profile. Application testing has shown that the toolset is efficient and practical, and the resulting maps are standardized and aesthetically pleasing, meeting the practical application needs of areas with complex geological structures and achieving the expected goals.

Claims

1. An automatic generation method for map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database, characterized in that, include: Establish a spatial database of geological maps; Modeling is performed in the geological map spatial database, including the attribute model of boundary points, the association model between boundary points and corresponding boundaries, the correspondence model between boundary points and projection points of map sections, the attribute model of the left and right geological bodies corresponding to the location of the boundary points, and the graphic parameter model. Retrieve profile lines drawn by the user based on the geological map in the graphics workspace; Based on the profile lines, the cutting profile is calculated to obtain the parameters corresponding to each model; Based on the parameters corresponding to each model, the mapping parameters of the geological profile map are obtained, including: the age, sequence, and contact relationship of the strata, the distribution and extension of the old and new strata, the anticline and syncline conditions, the attitude of the axial plane, the state of the hinge, the morphology of the turning point, the extension direction of the fold, the length-to-width ratio of the fold, and the formation age of the fold. Using the aforementioned mapping parameters, a geological profile map is automatically generated.

2. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological map spatial database includes element classes: topographic contour lines, geological bodies, geological boundaries, faults, and attitudes. The method further includes: Data layers and corresponding attribute data items are set up based on geological maps, and corresponding data are collected. The data layers and corresponding attribute data items include: contour lines, with elevation values ​​as the corresponding attribute data item; geological bodies, with geological age, geological symbols, and lithological descriptions as the corresponding attribute data items; geological boundaries, with dip and dip angle as the corresponding attribute data items; fault layers, with dip and dip angle as the corresponding attribute data items; and attitude layers, with dip and dip angle as the corresponding attribute data items. Based on the collected data layers and corresponding attribute data items, obtain the parameters corresponding to the model.

3. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of calculating the cutting profile based on the profile line and obtaining the parameters corresponding to each model includes: Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the topographic contour line is performed to obtain the elevation value of the intersection point. At the same time, the elevation values ​​of the endpoints and turning points of the cutting line are obtained and written into the attribute model of the boundary point. The attribute model of the boundary point includes: category code number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, primitive ID, cumulative length, label, type, remark, stratigraphic sequence, and association ID. and / or Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the geological body is performed to obtain the intersection point information of the boundary line of the geological body through which the cutting line passes; through calculation, the attribute model of the boundary point of the geological body is written; the attribute model of the boundary point of the geological body includes: category code number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, graphic element ID, cumulative length, label, type, remarks, stratigraphic sequence, and association ID; and / or Intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the fault is performed to obtain the intersection point information of the fault boundary line through which the cutting line passes. The intersection point attribute model is calculated and written into the attribute model of the intersection point. The attribute model of the intersection point includes: category code, serial number, coordinate X, coordinate Y, elevation, primitive ID, dip, true dip angle, cumulative length, label, fault type, remark, and association ID.

4. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 3, characterized in that: When performing the intersection analysis of the cutting profile line and the geological body, the process also includes: determining whether the intersection point of the geological body boundary line crossed by the cutting line is a fault boundary point; if it is a fault boundary point, the fault name is obtained and placed in the type data item, and then the dip and true dip angle information of the fault boundary line is obtained according to the boundary line where the fault is located; if dip and true dip angle information exists, it is written into the dip and true dip angle data item; similarly, if it is a geological boundary point, the contact relationship of the geological boundary line, the geological code of the geological body, and the stratigraphic sequence information are written into the data item, and if dip and true dip angle information exists, it is also written into the dip and true dip angle data item; if dip and dip angle information does not exist, the dip and true dip angle values ​​of the qualified attitude are obtained and written into the dip and true dip angle data item; among them, the attitude closest to the intersection point is searched, and if the attitude point falls in the stratum corresponding to the intersection point, the attitude is a qualified attitude.

5. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1, characterized in that, The following methods can be used to determine the anticline and syncline conditions of strata: The sequence number is assigned as the sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata; the older the stratum, the larger the sequence number value. Analyze the strata that intersect with the cutting profile line to obtain the sequence number of each stratum; The abrupt changes in stratigraphic sequence numbers are used to determine the core and limbs, and further to determine the anticline and syncline: if the stratigraphic sequence number increases and then decreases again, it is determined to be an anticline according to the principle of an older core and a newer limb; if the stratigraphic sequence number decreases and then increases again, it is determined to be a syncline according to the principle of a newer core and an older limb.

6. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: By drawing a cross-sectional line and using spatial analysis intersection technology, the intersection points of the cross-sectional line with the geological body arc segment and the geological boundary are calculated; the geological unit attributes of the geological bodies to the left and right of the intersection point are obtained, thereby obtaining the geological age, stratigraphic sequence and contact relationship of the boundary line to the left and right of the boundary point.

7. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution and extension of old and new strata can be automatically determined using the following methods: The intersection points of the map section line and the geological boundary line are sequentially divided into segments at the turning points of the map section line and ordered from left to right and from top to bottom. The spatial distribution of old and new strata is obtained through the attributes of the intersection points. The stratigraphic sequence of old and new strata is obtained by geological experts based on the stratigraphic table of China's regional timescale or the international geological timescale, and the strata are assigned a sequence number as a sequence code for the relationship between old and new strata. The older the strata, the larger the value of the sequence number. Then, using the set buffer, the relevant attitude of the intersection point is calculated. Then, the attitude of the geological boundary representing the intersection point is obtained using the nearest distance method, thereby obtaining the attitude attributes and the strike and dip values ​​of the old and new strata. Alternatively, based on the association model between the boundary point and the corresponding boundary, if the corresponding boundary has dip and dip attributes, the dip and dip of the boundary are uniformly converted into numerical values. Then, the stratigraphic extension is obtained by calculating the apparent dip angle: if the apparent dip angle is 90 degrees, the stratigraphic occurrence is vertical; if the apparent dip angle is 0 degrees, the stratigraphic occurrence is horizontal; if the apparent dip angle ∈ (0, 90), the stratigraphic occurrence dips towards the right end of the profile; if the apparent dip angle ∈ (-90, 0), the stratigraphic occurrence dips towards the left end of the profile. and / or The axial plane attitude information is obtained using the following method: Determine the relationship between the inclination and tilt angle of the two wings. If the inclinations of the two wings are opposite and the tilt angles are nearly equal, it indicates that the axial plane is upright; if the tilt angles of the two wings are unequal, it indicates that the axial plane is tilted. and / or The hub status is obtained in the following manner: To determine the orientation of the two flanks, if the two flanks extend in the same direction as the hub and are parallel, then the hub is horizontal; if the two flanks intersect or curve in an arc, then the hub is tilted. Among them, the tip of the curve where the two flanks meet at the same stratigraphic boundary is the tilting direction of the anticline hub, and the uplift direction of the syncline hub.

8. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tightness of the folds can be used to determine the shape of the turning point—the closer the strata on both sides are, the tighter the turning point is, and vice versa.

9. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 1, characterized in that: While generating the map-cut geological profile, a spatial database of points, lines, and areas for the profile is established; the automatic mapping of the map-cut geological profile using the aforementioned mapping parameters includes: The calculation and processing of the stratification boundaries of the profile involves first calculating the apparent dip angle and the true dip angle, and then drawing a graphic sketch. According to the given scale, the intersection points of the profile lines and topographic lines on the geological map are first projected onto the profile map to form a topographic profile curve. Then, the intersection points of the profile lines and geological boundaries on the geological map are projected onto the topographic profile curve. The stratification boundaries are drawn according to the dip and dip angle of the strata near each point.

10. The method for automatically generating map-cut geological profiles based on a geological spatial database according to claim 9, characterized in that: The automatic mapping of geological profiles using the aforementioned mapping parameters also includes: Based on the calculated profile sketch, the complete boundaries of the profile are obtained, including the vertical lines of the starting and ending endpoint projection points, stratigraphic boundaries, topographic curves, and the bottom line of the profile. Through spatial analysis, automatic line approach, automatic line cutting, deletion of redundant lines, and automatic calculation and processing of anticline lines, syncline lines, and bottom water body boundaries are used to convert the lines into arcs. The topological relationships between the arcs are automatically checked and processed, and the profile surface elements of each geological unit are automatically formed based on the enclosed arcs. Then, the corresponding elements are automatically assigned according to the relevant attributes of the geological map, completing the establishment of the profile attribute library. The color of the original corresponding rock layer is assigned to the element as the display parameter of the element, thus completing the coloring of the profile. Finally, based on the relevant attributes of the projection points, appropriate locations are identified and selected, and automatic markings are applied, including stratigraphic codes, fault names, river system names, and profile azimuth adjustments.

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