High performance ceramic energetic composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-performance energetic ceramic composite material, belonging to the field of composite material technology. The high-performance energetic ceramic composite material is made from 30-60 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 20-50 parts by weight of a single high explosive, 10-20 parts by weight of a resin, 5-10 parts by weight of chopped fibers, and 1-5 parts by weight of an additive. The high-performance energetic ceramic composite material exhibits high mechanical properties and is wear-resistant. It does not explode under the action of small and medium-caliber projectiles and exhibits excellent protection against high-speed armor-piercing projectiles and jets. It can be used as the surface layer of composite armor for armored vehicles, ships, and aircraft, and can also be used as an intermediate interlayer material for composite armor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular relates to a high-performance ceramic energetic composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ceramic materials, characterized by low density, high hardness, high modulus, and high compressive strength, as well as excellent ballistic resistance and abundant resources, are a promising high-performance armor material and are gradually gaining application in composite armor. Armor ceramic materials currently in use or under development worldwide include Al2O3, SiC, B4C, TiB2, AlN, glass-ceramics, and ceramic composites. As new ceramic technologies advance, so too will the development of new armor ceramic technologies.

[0003] Traditional ceramics have poor plasticity and low fracture strength, making them prone to brittle fracture. The processing process is complex, and generally goes through three major steps: raw material preparation, molding, and sintering. In particular, sintering needs to be performed at a temperature of 1000 degrees or even higher, which consumes a lot of energy and makes it expensive. The protection factor of ceramic armor against rod-type armor-piercing projectiles is 3~4.5, and the protection factor against armor-piercing projectile jets is 3~4. This is because the jet head velocity is relatively high. When it is greater than 6000m / s, the strength of the ceramic can be ignored and it enters a fluid state. Therefore, the protection ability of traditional ceramic materials against medium and large caliber jets will drop sharply. With the development of anti-armor weapons, modern armor is required to be multi-purpose and have better protection against multiple types of ammunition, so new materials must be found to achieve this goal. As a high-energy-density material, the specific gravity of explosives is generally less than 2g / cm 3 The pressure generated after the explosion can reach 20~40GPa, but its impact effect is huge, and its energy must be controlled to reduce its collateral damage effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a high-performance ceramic energetic composite material.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 20-50 parts by weight of single-substance high explosive, 10-20 parts by weight of resin, 5-10 parts by weight of chopped fibers, and 1-5 parts by weight of additives.

[0007] Preferably, the ceramic powder is one of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, and titanium nitride, or a mixture of several of them in any proportion.

[0008] Preferably, the single-substance high explosive is one of RDX, HMX, and CL-20, or a mixture of the two or more of the two or more in any proportion.

[0009] Preferably, the resin is one of polyolefin resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin or a mixture of the above resins in any proportion.

[0010] Preferably, the chopped fibers are one of glass fibers, carbon fibers, silicon carbide, Kevlar, and metal aluminum fibers, or a mixture of the foregoing fibers in any proportion.

[0011] Preferably, the additives are anti-aging agents, lubricants, and pigments.

[0012] Preferably, a curing agent is added to the resin, and the curing agent is a low molecular weight polyamide resin or ethylenediamine resin.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the chopped fibers is 3-20 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-performance ceramic energetic composite material, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0015] 1) Pour the single-element high explosive, ceramic powder, chopped fibers and additives into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix them evenly to form a solid mixture;

[0016] 2) Mix the resin and curing agent evenly to make glue;

[0017] 3) Pour the glue liquid into a V-shaped mixing barrel to mix the solid mixture and the glue liquid evenly to form a mixed raw material;

[0018] 4) Weighing and mixing raw materials as needed, pouring them into a device mold, heating and pressurizing them on a press or pressing them at room temperature to solidify and shape them, and obtaining the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material after cooling.

[0019] Preferably, in step 4), the temperature of heating and pressurizing is 80-100° C. and the pressure is 2-10 MPa, and the pressure of pressurizing at room temperature is 5-15 MPa.

[0020] The high-performance ceramic energetic composite material of the present invention possesses the excellent properties of common bullet-resistant ceramics. Due to the effect of the chopped fibers, the mechanical properties of the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material can be significantly improved, achieving the purpose of strengthening and toughening. During the crack propagation process, the chopped fibers are pulled out, inducing crack deflection, twisting and bifurcation, absorbing fracture energy, improving its fracture toughness, having high tensile strength, and being able to effectively defend against the impact of small and medium-caliber projectiles. Due to the reaction blocking effect of the ceramic powder material on the explosive particles, the pressure of the explosion product can reach more than 20GPa under the action of the jet and the high-speed impact of a large-caliber long-rod projectile, effectively consuming the jet. At the same time, the circumferential gas products drive the ceramic powder to converge toward the axis to interfere with the subsequent projectile rod and jet, and have excellent protective performance and safety. The high-performance ceramic energetic composite material of the present invention can be designed and adjusted according to needs, and its processing size is not restricted, and it has a high degree of designability and machinability.

[0021] The high-performance energetic ceramic composite material of the present invention has high mechanical properties and is wear-resistant. It will not explode under the action of small and medium-caliber projectiles and has good protective performance. It has excellent protection against high-speed armor-piercing projectiles and jets. It can be used for the surface layer of composite armor of armored vehicles, ships and aircraft, and can also be used as an intermediate interlayer material for composite armor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1

[0023] A high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0024] 40 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 40 parts by weight of single-substance high explosive, 10 parts by weight of resin, 8 parts by weight of chopped fibers, and 2 parts by weight of additives;

[0025] Among them, the ceramic powder uses B4C ceramic powder with a particle size of 320 mesh; the single-substance high explosive uses Octogen HMX; the resin uses polyurethane resin; the short-cut fiber uses 20mm long carbon fiber; and the additive uses graphite.

[0026] The method for preparing the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0027] 1) Pour Octogen HMX, B4C ceramic powder, carbon fiber and graphite into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix well to form a solid mixture;

[0028] 2) Use polyurethane resin as glue, pour the glue into a V-shaped mixing barrel, mix the solid mixture and the glue evenly to prepare a mixed raw material;

[0029] 4) Weigh the mixed raw materials as needed, pour them into a 100 mm × 100 mm device mold, place them on a press and press them at a pressure of 5 MPa. Curing at room temperature for 3 days, a square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material block about 20 mm thick is produced.

[0030] The performance of the prepared square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material blocks was tested, and the results are as follows:

[0031] The density of the test result by drainage method is about 2.2g / cm 3 , with a tensile strength of up to 24 MPa. Five square high-performance ceramic energetic composite blocks are stacked and placed within a steel shell, bonded with epoxy resin, and then cured and placed on 603RHA. Standard armor-piercing rounds fire upon them, triggering an explosive reaction. The protection factor against the jet can reach 4.5, demonstrating excellent protection. The material also offers advantages such as impact and vibration resistance, waterproofing, moisture resistance, low density, and ease of manufacture. Example 2

[0032] A high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0033] 50 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 30 parts by weight of single-substance high explosive, 13 parts by weight of resin, 5 parts by weight of chopped fiber, and 2 parts by weight of additives;

[0034] Among them, the ceramic powder uses SiC ceramic powder with a particle size of 230 mesh; the single-substance high explosive uses RDX; the resin uses epoxy resin, to which a curing agent low molecular weight polyamide resin is added, and the mass ratio of epoxy resin to low molecular weight polyamide resin is 2:1; the short-cut fiber uses 5 mm long silicon carbide fiber; the additives use 1 part by weight of graphite and 1 part by weight of chromium oxide green.

[0035] The method for preparing the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0036] 1) Pour RDX, SiC ceramic powder, silicon carbide fiber, graphite and chromium oxide green into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix well to form a solid mixture;

[0037] 2) Evenly mix epoxy resin and low molecular weight polyamide resin to prepare glue solution;

[0038] 3) Pour the glue liquid into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix the solid mixture and the glue liquid evenly to prepare a mixed raw material;

[0039] 4) Weigh the mixed raw materials as needed, pour them into a 100 mm × 100 mm device mold, and press them on a hot press at a pressure of 2 MPa and a temperature of 100°C for 3 hours. After cooling, a square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material block about 20 mm thick is produced.

[0040] The performance of the prepared square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material blocks was tested, and the results are as follows:

[0041] The density of the test sample was about 2.75 g / cm 3 , with a tensile strength of up to 20 MPa. Five square high-performance ceramic energetic composite blocks were stacked and placed within a steel shell, bonded with epoxy resin, and placed on 603RHA after curing. Fired with a 12.7mm incendiary round (at a velocity of 820 m / s), the blocks failed to detonate, demonstrating a protection factor of 4. Fired with a standard armor-piercing projectile (at a head velocity of 8000 m / s), the jet achieved a protection factor of 4.8, demonstrating excellent protection. The device also offers advantages such as shock and vibration resistance, water and moisture resistance, low density, and ease of manufacture. Example 3

[0042] A high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0043] 30 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 50 parts by weight of single-substance high explosive, 20 parts by weight of resin, 7 parts by weight of chopped fiber, and 1 part by weight of additive;

[0044] Among them, the ceramic powder uses titanium nitride ceramic powder with a particle size of 200 mesh; the single-substance high explosive uses CL-20; the resin uses polyolefin resin, to which the curing agent ethylenediamine resin is added, and the mass ratio of polyolefin resin to ethylenediamine resin is 3:1; the short-cut fiber uses 3mm long metal aluminum fiber; and the additive uses 1 part by weight of graphite.

[0045] The method for preparing the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0046] 1) Pour CL-20, titanium nitride ceramic powder, metal aluminum fiber and graphite into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix well to form a solid mixture;

[0047] 2) Mix the polyolefin resin and ethylenediamine resin evenly to prepare a glue solution;

[0048] 3) Pour the glue liquid into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix the solid mixture and the glue liquid evenly to prepare a mixed raw material;

[0049] 4) Weigh the mixed raw materials as needed, pour them into a 100 mm × 100 mm device mold, and press them on a hot press at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 80°C for 4 hours. After cooling, a square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material block approximately 20 mm thick is formed.

[0050] The performance of the prepared square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material blocks was tested, and the results are as follows:

[0051] The density of the test sample was about 2.7 g / cm 3 , with a tensile strength of up to 12 MPa. Two square high-performance ceramic energetic composite blocks were stacked and placed within a steel shell, bonded with epoxy resin. After curing, they were placed on 603RHA. Fired with a 12.7mm incendiary round (at a velocity of 820 m / s), the blocks failed to detonate, demonstrating a protection factor of 4. Fired with a standard armor-piercing projectile (at a head velocity of 8000 m / s), the jet achieved a protection factor of 4.8, demonstrating excellent protection. The device also offers advantages such as shock and vibration resistance, water and moisture resistance, low density, and ease of manufacture. Example 4

[0052] A high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0053] 60 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 20 parts by weight of single-substance high explosive, 16 parts by weight of resin, 10 parts by weight of chopped fibers, and 5 parts by weight of additives;

[0054] The ceramic powder is alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 300 meshes; the single-substance high explosive is Octogen HMX; the resin is polyurethane resin; the short-cut fiber is 12 mm long glass fiber; and the additives are 3 parts by weight of graphite and 2 parts by weight of chromium oxide green.

[0055] The method for preparing the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0056] 1) Pour Octogen HMX, alumina ceramic powder, glass fiber, graphite and chromium oxide green into a V-shaped mixing tank and mix well to form a solid mixture;

[0057] 2) Use polyurethane resin as glue, pour the glue into a V-shaped mixing barrel, mix the solid mixture and the glue evenly to prepare a mixed raw material;

[0058] 4) Weigh the mixed raw materials as needed, pour them into a 100 mm × 100 mm device mold, press them on a press at a pressure of 15 MPa, and cure them at room temperature for 3 days to produce a square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material block approximately 20 mm thick.

[0059] The performance of the prepared square high-performance ceramic energetic composite material blocks was tested, and the results are as follows:

[0060] The density of the test result by drainage method is about 2.95g / cm 3, with a tensile strength of up to 24 MPa. Five square high-performance ceramic energetic composite materials are stacked and placed within a steel shell, bonded with epoxy resin, and then cured and placed on 603RHA. Standard armor-piercing rounds fire upon them, triggering an explosive reaction. The protection factor against the jet can reach 4.6, demonstrating excellent protection. The material also offers advantages such as impact and vibration resistance, waterproofing, moisture resistance, low density, and ease of manufacture.

Claims

1. A high performance ceramic energetic composite material, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts by weight of ceramic powder, 20-50 parts by weight of single-substance high explosive, 10-20 parts by weight of resin, 5-10 parts by weight of chopped fibers, and 1-5 parts by weight of additives; wherein the resin is added with a curing agent, which is a low molecular weight polyamide resin or ethylenediamine resin, and the additives are an anti-aging agent, a lubricant, and a pigment; The method for preparing the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is prepared by the following steps: 1) Pour the single-element high explosive, ceramic powder, chopped fibers and additives into a V-shaped mixing barrel and mix them evenly to form a solid mixture; 2) Mix the resin and curing agent evenly to make glue; 3) Pour the glue liquid into a V-shaped mixing barrel to mix the solid mixture and the glue liquid evenly to form a mixed raw material; 4) Weighing and mixing raw materials as needed, pouring them into a device mold, and heating and pressurizing them on a press or pressing them at room temperature to solidify and shape them. The temperature for heating and pressing is 80-100° C. and the pressure is 2-10 MPa, while the pressure for pressing them at room temperature is 5-15 MPa. After cooling, the high-performance ceramic energetic composite material is obtained.

2. The high performance energetic ceramic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic powder is one of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide and titanium nitride, or a mixture of several of them in any proportion.

3. The high performance energetic ceramic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single high explosive is one of RDX, HMX, and CL-20 or a mixture of the above in any proportion.

4. The high performance energetic ceramic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resin is one of polyolefin resin, polyurethane resin and epoxy resin or a mixture of the above resins in any proportion.

5. The high performance energetic ceramic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chopped fibers are one of glass fibers, carbon fibers, silicon carbide, Kevlar, and metal aluminum fibers, or a mixture of the fibers in any proportion.

6. The high performance energetic ceramic composite material according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The length of the chopped fibers is 3-20 mm.