Three-dimensional display device and system

Abstract

The application discloses a three-dimensional display device and system. The three-dimensional display device comprises a projection component, a wide-viewing-angle prism array film and a cylindrical lens grating. The projection component is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the wide-viewing-angle prism array film. The wide-viewing-angle prism array film and the cylindrical lens grating are both arc-shaped and have the same center, and the center is located on the optical axis of the projection component. The wide-viewing-angle prism array film is located between the projection component and the cylindrical lens grating. One side of the wide-viewing-angle prism array film is provided with a plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along a first direction, and the sawtooth structures are configured to deflect the light emitted by the projection component in the first direction. The cylindrical lens grating comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a second direction, and the cylindrical lenses expand the light incident thereon in the second direction. The first direction intersects the second direction. The application can expand the viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device in the first direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional display technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional display device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Light field display technology has a wide range of applications in the field of modern display technology, and the requirements for light field display technology are becoming increasingly higher.

[0003] However, in existing light field display technologies, the horizontal viewing angle of the optical components is not large enough, which limits the viewing angle of the light field display. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a three-dimensional display device and system to expand the horizontal viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional display device is provided, the three-dimensional display device comprising:

[0006] Projection components, wide-view prism array diaphragm, and cylindrical lens grating;

[0007] The projection component is used to project the image to be displayed onto the wide-view prism array diaphragm;

[0008] Both the wide-view prism array diaphragm and the cylindrical lens grating are arc-shaped and have the same center position, with the center located on the optical axis of the projection component.

[0009] The wide-view prism array film is located between the projection component and the cylindrical lens grating. One side of the wide-view prism array film has a plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along a first direction. The sawtooth structures are configured to deflect the light emitted by the projection component in the first direction.

[0010] The cylindrical lens grating includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a second direction, which are used to expand incident light along the second direction; the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0011] Optionally, the sawtooth structure is configured to refract the light emitted by the projection component to change the direction of light propagation. The sawtooth structure includes functional and non-functional surfaces, and the angle between the functional surface and the corresponding tangent of the wide-view prism array diaphragm is the functional surface tilt angle.

[0012] In the plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction, the tilt angle of the functional surface of the sawtooth structure gradually decreases along the direction from the edge to the center; the tilt angle of the functional surface is determined according to the first preset angle between the incident light ray incident on the functional surface and the optical axis, so that the refracted light formed by the incident light ray after passing through the corresponding sawtooth structure is perpendicular to the arc of the wide-view prism array film.

[0013] Optionally, the side of the wide-view prism array diaphragm closest to the cylindrical lens grating has the sawtooth structure.

[0014] Optionally, the angle between the non-functional surface and the perpendicular line to the tangent is the inclination angle of the non-functional surface;

[0015] The tilt angle of the non-functional surface is less than the second preset angle, which is the refraction angle of the incident light formed when the outgoing light from the projection component is incident on the interior of the wide-view prism array film.

[0016] Optionally, the angle between the functional surface and the non-functional surface is the vertex angle, and the vertex angle is greater than or equal to a third preset angle.

[0017] Optionally, the side of the wide-view prism array diaphragm closest to the projection component has the sawtooth structure.

[0018] Optionally, the side of the cylindrical lens grating closest to the wide-view prism array diaphragm is composed of a plurality of cylindrical mirrors, which face the wide-view prism array diaphragm. The cylindrical mirrors are aspherical and have a preset aspherical coefficient, a first preset refractive index, and a first preset size so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to a Lambertian distribution.

[0019] Optionally, the cylindrical lens grating has a plurality of first cylindrical lenses on the side near the wide-view prism array diaphragm, and a plurality of second cylindrical lenses on the side away from the wide-view prism array diaphragm; the cylindrical surfaces of the first cylindrical lenses and the second cylindrical lenses are opposite to each other, and the first cylindrical lenses and the second cylindrical lenses have a second preset radius of curvature, a second preset refractive index and a second preset size, and there is a first center distance between the first cylindrical lenses and the second cylindrical lenses, so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to the Lambertian distribution.

[0020] Optionally, the cylindrical lens grating has a plurality of third cylindrical mirrors on the side near the wide-view prism array diaphragm, and a plurality of fourth cylindrical mirrors on the side away from the wide-view prism array diaphragm. The cylindrical surfaces of the third and fourth cylindrical mirrors are opposite each other, and the third and fourth cylindrical mirrors have a third preset radius of curvature, a third preset refractive index, and a third preset size. There is a second center distance between the third and fourth cylindrical mirrors, so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to the Lambertian distribution.

[0021] Optionally, the three-dimensional display device further includes a quasi-linear Fresnel lens, which is disposed between the projection component and the wide-view prism array diaphragm.

[0022] Optionally, the projection component includes a display chip and a projection lens;

[0023] The display chip has a plurality of vector pixels arranged along a first direction; the projection lens is disposed between the display chip and the wide-view prism array film.

[0024] Optionally, the three-dimensional display device further includes a double-layer curved support mirror, which includes a first support mirror and a second support mirror that are connected by fingers. The wide-view prism array diaphragm is fixed on the first support mirror, and the cylindrical lens grating is fixed on the second support mirror.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional display system is provided, the three-dimensional display system comprising: a plurality of light poles, each of the light poles being provided with a plurality of three-dimensional display devices as described above.

[0026] Optionally, the three-dimensional display system further includes a turntable and an eye-tracking device, wherein the light pole is fixed on the turntable and the eye-tracking device is used to track the position of the human eye.

[0027] The technical solution of this invention employs a three-dimensional display device comprising: a projection component, a wide-view prism array film, and a cylindrical lens grating; the projection component projects an image to be displayed onto the wide-view prism array film; both the wide-view prism array film and the cylindrical lens grating are arc-shaped with the same center, the center being located on the optical axis of the projection component; the wide-view prism array film is located between the projection component and the cylindrical lens grating, one side of the wide-view prism array film having multiple sawtooth structures arranged along a first direction, the sawtooth structures being configured to deflect the light emitted by the projection component in the first direction; the cylindrical lens grating includes multiple cylindrical mirrors arranged along a second direction, the cylindrical mirror surfaces being used to expand the light incident upon them along the second direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction. By setting the wide-view prism array film, the light beam is expanded in the first direction, and the sawtooth structure is set to increase the beam expansion angle, thereby greatly expanding the viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device in the first direction.

[0028] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 An optical path diagram of a three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 An optical path diagram of another three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a sawtooth structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 An optical path diagram of another three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylindrical lens grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another cylindrical lens grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another cylindrical lens grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a prism array diaphragm provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another three-dimensional display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 The three-dimensional display device includes: a projection component 11, a wide-view prism array 12, and a cylindrical lens grating 13; the projection component 11 is used to project the image to be displayed onto the wide-view prism array 12; both the wide-view prism array 12 and the cylindrical lens grating 13 are arc-shaped and have the same center position, with the center located on the optical axis of the projection component 11; the wide-view prism array 12 is located between the projection component 11 and the cylindrical lens grating 13, and one side of the wide-view prism module 12 is a plurality of sawtooth structures 121 arranged along a first direction X, the sawtooth structures 121 being configured to deflect the light emitted by the projection component 11 in the first direction X; the cylindrical lens grating 13 includes a plurality of cylindrical mirrors 131 arranged along a second direction Z for expanding the light incident on it along the second direction Z, the first direction X and the second direction Z intersecting.

[0045] Specifically, the projection component 11 can be understood as a vector pixel. The projection component 11 may include a display chip 111 and a projection lens 112. The display chip 111 is provided with a plurality of display pixels arranged along a first direction X and a second direction. The vector pixel is an optical device that satisfies the following conditions: 1. A point light source with a narrow beam. That is, relative to a large display scale, it can be approximated as a light source emitting light from a single point (e.g., the light source occupies less than one ten-thousandth of the display area), and most of the beams emitted into space have the following properties: if the light intensity drops to 50% of the light intensity of this beam as a boundary, and the light source is the center, the minimum spatial spherical angle that can encompass all boundaries is less than 10 degrees. 2. It can support the projection of the above beams in at least 100 distinguishable directions. 3. It can emit the above beams simultaneously in two or more directions. 4. The brightness of the above beams supports at least 16 levels of adjustment. The projection lens 112 can project the light emitted by the vector pixels on the display chip 111 onto the wide-view prism module 12.

[0046] Figure 2This is an optical path diagram of a three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 and Figure 1 Correspondingly. Combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 The light emitted from the projection component 11 undergoes at least one deflection after passing through the widening-view prism array diaphragm 12. The widening-view prism array diaphragm 12 has two opposing sides, one with a sawtooth structure and the other with an arc-shaped structure. When the light passes through the arc-shaped and sawtooth structures, it undergoes at least one deflection, causing the intersection of the extended line of the emitted beam and the optical axis to be closer to the widening-view prism array diaphragm 12 than the projection component, thus effectively widening the viewing angle and increasing the viewing angle of the human eye. Furthermore, since one side of the widening-view prism array diaphragm 12 is a sawtooth structure 121 and the other side is an arc-shaped structure, compared to a parallel structure on both sides, the sawtooth structure 121 in this embodiment can further expand the beam in the first direction X, thereby further widening the viewing angle in the first direction X.

[0047] The cylindrical lens grating 13 includes multiple cylindrical mirrors 131. The cylindrical lens grating 13 is used to uniformly open the light beam in the second direction Z or to open it in a Lambertian distribution manner, so as to expand the viewing angle in the second direction Z. Here, the first direction X can be a horizontal direction, and the second direction Z can be a vertical direction.

[0048] The technical solution of this embodiment employs a three-dimensional display device comprising: a projection component, a wide-view prism array film, and a lenticular lens grating; the projection component projects an image to be displayed onto the wide-view prism array film; both the wide-view prism array film and the lenticular lens grating are arc-shaped with the same center, the center located on the optical axis of the projection component; the wide-view prism array film is located between the projection component and the lenticular lens grating, one side of which has multiple sawtooth structures arranged along a first direction, configured to amplify the light emitted by the projection component in the first direction; the lenticular lens grating includes multiple cylindrical mirrors arranged along a second direction, the first and second directions intersecting. By setting the wide-view prism array film, the light beam is deflected in the first direction, and the sawtooth structure further expands the deflection angle, thereby greatly expanding the viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device in the first direction.

[0049] In the above embodiment, although the light beam can be expanded in the first direction X, since the light beam is not perpendicularly incident on the lenticular grating 13 in the first direction X, when there is an angle between the light beam and the lenticular grating 13, the light of a single imaging pixel that has been unidirectionally expanded by the lenticular grating 13 will be bent in the expansion direction. When the three-dimensional display device rotates to scan and display, the human eye will experience pixel changes when moving in the vertical direction. Therefore, the target pixel may be lost or other pixel crosstalk may occur.

[0050] Therefore, preferably, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a sawtooth structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The sawtooth structure 121 is configured to refract the light emitted by the projection component 11 to form refracted light. The sawtooth structure 121 includes a functional surface 1211 and a non-functional surface 1212. The angle between the functional surface 1211 and the corresponding tangent of the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12 is the functional surface tilt angle J1. Among the multiple sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction X, the functional surface tilt angle of the sawtooth structure gradually decreases along the direction from the edge to the center. The functional surface tilt angle is determined according to the first preset angle between the incident light ray on the functional surface and the optical axis, so that the refracted light formed after the incident relationship passes through the corresponding sawtooth structure is collinear with the center C.

[0051] Specifically, the size of the sawtooth structure 121 is relatively small compared to the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12, so the other side of the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12 corresponding to each sawtooth structure 121 can be understood as a plane. The angle between the tangent of this plane and the functional surface 1211 is defined as the functional surface tilt angle J1. The functional surface tilt angle J1 of each sawtooth structure 12 is determined according to the first preset angle between the corresponding incident ray and the functional surface. More specifically, each functional surface tilt angle J1 is determined according to the first preset angle between the incident ray incident to the midpoint of the functional surface tilt angle J1 and the optical axis, so that the backward extension of the incident ray after refraction by the functional surface 1211 passes through the center C. Therefore, the light incident on the lenticular grating 13 can be made perpendicular to the lenticular grating in the first direction, thereby making the light emitted from the lenticular grating 13 have a smaller curvature in the vertical direction, and preventing optical crosstalk when the human eye moves in the vertical direction.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, for light incident on a non-midpoint position on the functional surface, although the backward extension line will not pass through the center C after refraction by the functional surface, since there are light rays in each sawtooth structure that cause the backward extension line to pass through the center C, the beam expansion angle will not be too large. Therefore, the light rays corresponding to the outermost edge of the beam emitted by the pixel have a smaller curvature after passing through the corresponding functional surface, and have a smaller impact on the verticality of the overall light spot of the pixel imaging.

[0053] In the above embodiment, the functional surface tilt angle J1 can be calculated using the first preset angle and the refractive index of the wide-view prism array diaphragm. The closer the serrated structure is to the edge of the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12, the smaller its corresponding functional surface tilt angle J1.

[0054] Taking the side 124 of the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12 near the cylindrical lens grating 13 as a sawtooth structure and the side 123 away from the cylindrical lens grating 13 as a curved structure as an example.

[0055] Figure 3 This is an optical path diagram of another three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image. Among them, Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section 122 in the middle.

[0056] When the light emitted from the projection component 11 is incident on the side 123 away from the lenticular lens grating, its angle of incidence is A1 and its angle of refraction is B1. Subsequently, when it is incident on the side 124 near the lenticular lens grating, its angle of incidence is A and its angle of exit is B. Since the light rays emitted through the functional surface need to pass through the center C, the tilt angle J1 of the functional surface can be calculated using the above relationship. It can also be seen intuitively from the above optical path diagram that the angle between the light emitted from the projection component 11 and the optical axis is θ, while the angle between the light emitted from the functional surface and the optical axis is φ. Since φ is greater than θ, the three-dimensional display device of this embodiment can greatly expand the viewing angle in the first direction X.

[0057] Optionally, Figure 6 An optical path diagram of another three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,in, Figure 6 Ignoring the thickness of the wide-view prism array film, the angle between the non-functional surface 1212 and the perpendicular line to the tangent is the non-functional surface tilt angle J2. The non-functional surface tilt angle J2 is less than the second preset angle, which is the refraction angle of the incident light formed by the light emitted from the projection component 11 entering the interior of the wide-view prism film 12, so that the light incident from the side of the wide-view prism array film close to the projection component only enters the functional surface.

[0058] Specifically, calculations show that the functional surface tilt angle J1 is smaller in the central region of the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12, while the non-functional surface tilt angle J2 is 0 degrees, resulting in a larger apex angle J3 between the functional and non-functional surfaces. The functional surface tilt angle J1, the non-functional surface tilt angle J2, and the apex angle J3 are the three interior angles of a triangle, and their sum is π. When the position deviates from the center by a certain angle, i.e., by a certain angle φ, the functional surface angle J1 becomes larger, and the apex angle becomes smaller. To facilitate easy demolding and prevent the toothed apex angle from collapsing during the molding process of the wide-view prism array diaphragm, the non-functional surface needs to be tilted at a certain angle, which must be smaller than the second preset angle φ1. As shown in the figure, J2 < φ1 ensures that the light beam, after refraction from the plane, will not incident on the non-functional surface after refraction, thus preventing stray light from affecting the contrast and other display effects of the light field display. Therefore, this embodiment has the advantages of low module processing difficulty, low diaphragm molding difficulty, and preventing the light beam from incident on the non-functional surface to generate stray light.

[0059] Optionally, the vertex angle J3 is greater than or equal to the third preset angle.

[0060] Specifically, the third preset angle is determined based on the diaphragm processing technology, and this embodiment does not impose a specific limitation on it. Since a larger apex angle makes it easier to form, and calculations show that the apex angle of the sawtooth structure is smaller the further away from the center, it can be set that when the apex angle J3 needs to be smaller than the third preset angle, the apex angle J3 is fixed to the third preset angle. In the middle region of the wide-view prism array diaphragm, the apex angle of the sawtooth structure changes continuously, becoming smaller the further away from the center, while the non-functional surface angle is fixed at 0. When the apex angle changes to A, a processing method in which the apex angle remains unchanged while the non-functional surface is tilted can be used to ensure that the apex angle of all teeth on the diaphragm is greater than or equal to A.

[0061] Optionally, in the above embodiments, the sawtooth structure is described using the side of the wide-view prism array film closest to the lenticular lens grating as an example. In other embodiments, the sawtooth structure can also be set on the side of the lenticular lens grating furthest from the lenticular lens grating. In this case, the design principles for the functional surface tilt angle, non-functional surface tilt angle, and apex angle of the sawtooth structure are similar to those in the above embodiments, that is, the non-functional surface tilt angle ensures that the light incident from the side of the wide-view prism array film closest to the projection component only incident on the functional surface, and the apex angle is greater than or equal to a third preset angle.

[0062] In the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 1 The three-dimensional display device may also include a quasi-linear Fresnel lens 14, which is disposed between the projection assembly 11 and the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12.

[0063] Specifically, the projection component 11 is positioned on the focal plane of the quasi-linear Fresnel lens 14. The light beam emitted from the projection component 11 is deflected by the quasi-linear Fresnel lens 14, resulting in a collimation effect in a second direction. After passing through the subsequent optical film system, the light energy distribution of the emitted beam can be kept relatively consistent in this direction (vertical), which is beneficial for adjusting the white balance of RGB color schemes and the uniformity of display brightness. Of course, for display systems with sufficiently high display chip brightness, white balance and brightness uniformity can be adjusted in real time by adjusting grayscale, and this quasi-linear Fresnel lens may not be necessary.

[0064] In the above embodiment, after the display chip passes through the projection lens, the imaging pixel will have a divergence angle θ0. After the pixel passes through the wide-view prism array film, its divergence angle in the horizontal direction will change. The amount of change is related to the change in the angle of the non-functional surface in the sawtooth structure covered by the imaging pixel spot. At this time, the divergence angle of the imaging pixel in the horizontal direction is θ0 + θ1. (θ0 is the divergence angle of the imaging pixel after the display chip pixel passes through the projection lens. This divergence angle is related to the lens and the imaging distance. θ1 is the increase in pixel divergence angle caused by the change in the exit angle of the emitted beam due to the different functional angles of the sawtooth structure covered by the imaging pixel spot on the horizontal wide-view prism array film. θ1 is related to the rate of change of the angle of the functional surface of the sawtooth structure caused by the wide-view prism array film.) Because parallax 3D display needs to ensure that the pixel spot does not cover both eyes at the same time when there is no eye tracking, the maximum distance of parallax 3D display is related to the pixel divergence angle as follows: beyond this maximum distance, only a flat display image can be viewed.

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] In the above calculation formula, K is the distance between human eyes, typically 60mm; L is the maximum designed viewing distance; and θ0 is the divergence angle of the projection lens's imaging pixels. Its magnitude is related to the lens's focal length (f), the projection lens's focal length (F.no), and the image distance (V) of the pixel's focal point after imaging. When the projection lens is selected, its F.no and f are determined, and θ0 is only related to the image distance (V). As V increases, θ0 decreases. Therefore, θ0 can be reduced by adjusting V. For example, the imaging position can be adjusted to be between the linear Fresnel film and the widening film, thus changing the maximum effective viewing distance. In summary, the horizontal viewing angle magnification of the film can be designed and adjusted according to the viewing distance and viewing angle requirements, as well as the parameters of the projection lens.

[0068] In the above embodiment, the minimum width of the serrations of the quasi-linear Fresnel lens 14 can be set to be greater than 80 micrometers, and the width D of the sawtooth structure in the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12 can be set to be greater than 80 micrometers. This setting can avoid the diffraction phenomenon caused by the serrations at the edge of the diaphragm, which would affect the imaging resolution.

[0069] Optionally, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a lenticular lens grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 7 The side of the cylindrical lens grating 13 closest to the wide-view prism array diaphragm has multiple cylindrical lenses 131. The cylindrical lenses 131 face the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12. The cylindrical lenses 131 are aspherical and have a preset aspherical coefficient, a first preset refractive index, and a first preset size so that the light emitted from the cylindrical lens grating 13 conforms to the Lambertian distribution.

[0070] Specifically, the Lambertian distribution refers to the light intensity of light emitted by a light source or scattered by a scatterer following a cosine distribution. Its characteristic is that the brightness is the same regardless of the viewing angle. In this embodiment, by setting the parameters of the aspherical cylindrical mirror 131 on the cylindrical grating, the light emitted from the cylindrical grating 13 can satisfy the Lambertian distribution, thus avoiding the problem of poor display effect caused by uneven light intensity distribution at different positions when viewed by the user. In the above embodiment, the size of the cylindrical mirror is its width in the second direction Z.

[0071] In some other implementations, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another cylindrical lens grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The cylindrical lens grating 13 has multiple first cylindrical mirrors 132 on the side near the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12, and multiple second cylindrical mirrors 133 on the side away from the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12. The first cylindrical mirrors 132 and second cylindrical mirrors 133 are opposite to each other, and both have a second preset radius of curvature, a second preset refractive index, and a second preset size. A first center distance exists between the first cylindrical mirrors 132 and second cylindrical mirrors 133, so that the light emitted from the cylindrical lens grating 13 conforms to a Lambertian distribution.

[0072] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cylindrical lens grating can also be configured to have cylindrical mirrors on both sides. By adjusting the corresponding parameters of the cylindrical mirrors, the light emitted from the cylindrical lens grating 13 can satisfy the Lambertian distribution, which can avoid the problem of poor display effect caused by uneven light intensity distribution at various positions when the user is watching.

[0073] In some other implementations, such as Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another cylindrical lens grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The cylindrical lens grating 13 has multiple third cylindrical lenses 134 on the side near the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12, and multiple fourth cylindrical lenses 135 on the side away from the wide-view prism array diaphragm 12. The cylindrical surfaces of the third cylindrical lenses 133 and the fourth cylindrical lenses 135 are opposite each other, and the third cylindrical lenses 134 and the fourth cylindrical lenses 135 have a third preset radius of curvature, a third preset refractive index, and a third preset size. A second center distance is provided between the third cylindrical lenses 134 and the fourth cylindrical lenses 135, so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to a Lambertian distribution.

[0074] Specifically, the space between the third cylindrical mirror 134 and the fourth cylindrical mirror 135 can be air or a material with a refractive index less than that of a cylindrical mirror. By adjusting the corresponding parameters of the cylindrical mirrors, the light emitted from the cylindrical mirror grating 13 can satisfy the Lambertian distribution, thus avoiding the problem of poor display effect caused by uneven light intensity distribution at various positions when the user is watching.

[0075] Optionally, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a prism array diaphragm provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 10 The three-dimensional display device also includes a double-layer curved support mirror 15, which includes a first support mirror 151 and a second support mirror 152 connected by fingers. A wide-view prism array diaphragm 12 is fixed on the first support mirror 151, and a cylindrical lens grating 13 is fixed on the second support mirror 152.

[0076] Specifically, the 3D display device of this embodiment can be used for display scenarios such as translation and rotation. The force on the diaphragm varies depending on the scenario, and the fixing and installation method of the diaphragm needs to be designed to maintain its fixed shape. In particular, the orientation of the diaphragm's curved surface differs between the inner and outer ring screen displays during rotation, and the installation method should also be adjusted accordingly. Figure 10 This invention can be used in scenarios involving inner-ring screen displays. A double-layered curved support mirror 15 is provided at the position of the two-layer film. The films are attached to the inner or outer side of the support mirror according to the rotation display method to maintain the curvature of the films. For example, when displaying within the ring, since the curved surface of the film faces the center of rotation, the film needs to be attached to the outer side of the curved surface of the support mirror. When displaying outside the ring, the curved surface of the film faces away from the center of rotation, and the film needs to be attached to the inner curved surface of the support mirror. Figure 10 The diaphragms shown are located at different positions on the support mirrors. The two support mirrors are bonded together using a toothed finger joint, which secures the diaphragm and reinforces the rigidity of both support mirrors, ensuring that the diaphragm does not deform during rotation.

[0077] The double-layer curved support mirror 15 may also include a cross brace 153. A protrusion is fixed on the cross brace 153 near the support mirror. The protrusion can prevent the support mirror from moving when the three-dimensional display device rotates inside or outside, thus maintaining the rigidity of the double-layer curved support mirror. The cross brace 153 is located between the support mirror and the projection component and does not affect the light output of the projection component.

[0078] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional display system, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The three-dimensional display system includes: lamp posts 20, and each lamp post 20 is provided with multiple of the above-mentioned three-dimensional display devices.

[0079] Specifically, the 3D display system can be in a fixed or moving state. There is relative motion between the 3D display system and the user; this can be user movement or the 3D display system movement. When the speed of movement causes a visual persistence effect in the human eye, a sparsely arranged 3D display device can be equivalent to a densely arranged display array. Since each display chip contains a light beam with an emission angle pointing to display pixels in multiple directions, each point in the array panel can have a light beam with an emission angle pointing to display pixels in any direction in space. Because the divergence angle of the pixel's light beam is sufficiently small, neither eye will see the same pixel within the designed viewing distance. Therefore, each point in the display array can independently emit a light beam to each eye, meaning each eye can independently view an independent display image with parallax composed of the display array, thus producing a parallax stereoscopic visual effect. The 3D display system provided in this embodiment includes the 3D display device provided in this embodiment of the invention, and therefore has the same beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0080] In some other implementations, such as Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another three-dimensional display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (Reference) Figure 12 The 3D display system also includes a turntable 21 and an eye-tracking device (not shown). The lamp post 20 is fixed on the turntable 21, and the eye-tracking device is used to track human eyes.

[0081] Specifically, the three-dimensional display system of this embodiment can realize curved surface display. The principle of curved surface display is the same as that of flat surface display, which will not be described again in this embodiment. The user can stand on the turntable 21 to view it.

[0082] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and no limitation is imposed herein.

[0083] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional display device, characterized in that, The three-dimensional display device includes: Projection components, wide-view prism array diaphragm, and cylindrical lens grating; The projection component is used to project the image to be displayed onto the wide-view prism array diaphragm; Both the wide-view prism array diaphragm and the cylindrical lens grating are arc-shaped and have the same center position, with the center located on the optical axis of the projection component. The wide-view prism array film is located between the projection component and the cylindrical lens grating. One side of the wide-view prism array film has a plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along a first direction. The sawtooth structures are configured to deflect the light emitted by the projection component in the first direction. The cylindrical lens grating includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a second direction, the cylindrical lenses being used to expand incident light along the second direction; the first direction intersects the second direction; The sawtooth structure is configured to refract the light emitted by the projection component to change the direction of light propagation. The sawtooth structure includes functional and non-functional surfaces, and the angle between the functional surface and the corresponding tangent of the wide-view prism array film is the functional surface tilt angle. In the plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction, the tilt angle of the functional surface of the sawtooth structure gradually decreases along the direction from the edge to the center; the tilt angle of the functional surface is determined according to a first preset angle between the incident light ray incident on the functional surface and the optical axis, so that the refracted light formed by the incident light ray after passing through the corresponding sawtooth structure is perpendicular to the arc of the wide-view prism array film; the first preset angle is the angle between the incident light ray incident on the functional surface and the optical axis.

2. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the wide-view prism array diaphragm closest to the cylindrical lens grating has the sawtooth structure.

3. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle between the non-functional surface and the perpendicular line to the tangent is the inclination angle of the non-functional surface. The tilt angle of the non-functional surface is less than the second preset angle, which is the refraction angle of the incident light formed when the outgoing light from the projection component is incident on the interior of the wide-view prism film.

4. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the functional surface and the non-functional surface is the vertex angle, which is greater than or equal to a third preset angle; the third preset angle is determined according to the diaphragm processing technology.

5. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the wide-view prism array diaphragm closest to the projection component has the sawtooth structure.

6. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the cylindrical lens grating closest to the wide-view prism array diaphragm is composed of multiple cylindrical mirrors, which face the wide-view prism array diaphragm. Each cylindrical mirror is aspherical and has a preset aspherical coefficient, a first preset refractive index, and a first preset size so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to a Lambertian distribution.

7. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical lens grating has a plurality of first cylindrical lenses on the side near the wide-view prism array diaphragm, and a plurality of second cylindrical lenses on the side away from the wide-view prism array diaphragm. The cylindrical surfaces of the first and second cylindrical lenses are opposite to each other, and the first and second cylindrical lenses have a second preset radius of curvature, a second preset refractive index, and a second preset size. There is a first center distance between the first and second cylindrical lenses, so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to a Lambertian distribution.

8. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical lens grating has multiple third cylindrical mirrors on the side near the wide-view prism array diaphragm, and multiple fourth cylindrical mirrors on the side away from the wide-view prism array diaphragm. The cylindrical surfaces of the third and fourth cylindrical mirrors are opposite each other, and the third and fourth cylindrical mirrors have a third preset radius of curvature, a third preset refractive index, and a third preset size. There is a second center distance between the third and fourth cylindrical mirrors, so that the light emitted through the cylindrical lens grating conforms to the Lambertian distribution.

9. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional display device also includes a quasi-linear Fresnel lens, which is disposed between the projection component and the wide-view prism array diaphragm.

10. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The projection component includes a display chip and a projection lens; The display chip has a plurality of vector pixels arranged along a first direction; the projection lens is disposed between the display chip and the wide-view prism array film.

11. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional display device further includes a double-layer curved support mirror, which includes a first support mirror and a second support mirror that are connected by fingers. The wide-view prism array diaphragm is fixed on the first support mirror, and the cylindrical lens grating is fixed on the second support mirror.

12. A three-dimensional display system, characterized in that, The three-dimensional display system includes: multiple light poles, each of which is equipped with multiple three-dimensional display devices as described in any one of claims 1-11.

13. The three-dimensional display system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The three-dimensional display system also includes a turntable and an eye-tracking device. The light pole is fixed on the turntable, and the eye-tracking device is used to track the position of the human eye.

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