Information updates in non-terrestrial networks due to satellites and beams

Abstract

Aspects relate to mechanisms for wireless communication devices to update satellite and beam-specific information. A user equipment (UE) selects a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communications in a non-terrestrial network. The UE determines whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics common to a plurality of satellites including the first satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to pending non-provisional application S / N.17 / 492,404 filed on October 1, 2021, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and provisional application S / N.63 / 087,079 filed on October 2, 2020, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, both of which have been assigned to the assignee of this application and are hereby expressly incorporated by reference as set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The technologies discussed below generally relate to wireless communication networks, and more specifically to information updates in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that vary depending on satellite and beam. Background Technology

[0004] Various network configurations can facilitate wireless communication between devices. In one configuration, a cellular network enables wireless communication devices (e.g., user equipment (UE)) to communicate with each other via signaling to nearby base stations or cells. Another wireless communication network configuration is a non-terrestrial network (NTN), where wireless communication devices can signal to base stations via satellites instead of directly to them. For example, an NTN can utilize multiple satellites to facilitate communication between wireless communication devices and the network. Therefore, wireless communication devices can be configured to perform uplink and downlink signaling with one or more satellites to communicate with one or more base stations and / or one or more networks.

[0005] A brief overview of some examples

[0006] The following provides an overview of one or more aspects of this disclosure to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This overview is not an exhaustive summary of all the features conceived in this disclosure, and is neither intended to identify key or decisive elements of all aspects of this disclosure, nor to define the scope of any or all aspects of this disclosure. Its sole purpose is to provide some concepts of one or more aspects of this disclosure in one form as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows.

[0007] A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes selecting a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network. The method also includes determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the first satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite. The UE can then communicate with a base station via the first satellite using either the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0008] According to one aspect, the UE may receive a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message that instructs the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell.

[0009] In one example, the radio resource control message may further include at least one change in the priority of one or more satellites, including a first satellite, or one or more cells, including a first cell and a second cell. The radio resource control message may instruct the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on at least one change in priority.

[0010] In another example, the radio resource control message may further include a group identifier identifying one or more satellite-cell groups for which the UE initiates a reselection. Each of the one or more satellite-cell groups includes a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifiers that share at least one of one or more identical access parameters or one or more identical beam configurations. The radio resource control message may also instruct the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the group identifier.

[0011] In yet another example, the radio resource control message may further include a list change instruction for at least one change to a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list; reselection information regarding the neighbor cell list; reselection information regarding the inter-frequency list; or reselection information regarding the inter-radio access technology (RAT) list. The radio resource control message may instruct the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the list change instruction.

[0012] In one aspect, one or more standard parameters may include at least one of the following: one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, one or more beam information sets, or ephemeris information.

[0013] In various examples, one or more standard features may include at least one of the following: the location of the first satellite, ground area coverage associated with the first satellite, indication of a base station associated with the first satellite, indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and a base station, indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and an access and mobility management function.

[0014] According to one feature, the method may further include receiving a first system information block (SIB1) that identifies one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell. Additionally, determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell to access the first cell may be based on whether the first system information block identifies one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell.

[0015] In one example, the first system information block may further include a first indication of at least one of the following: a current or future change in beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in an area including the first satellite, or one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites in an area including the first satellite.

[0016] In another instance, the first system information block may further include a second indication of at least one of the following: ephemeris associated with the first satellite, beam pattern information associated with the first satellite, a list of one or more adjacent cells, or inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information.

[0017] In one feature, the first system information block may further include system value labels associated with at least the first satellite.

[0018] In another feature, the first system information block further includes a group identifier that identifies one or more satellite-cell groups for reselection initiated by the UE, wherein each of the one or more satellite-cell groups includes a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifiers that share at least one of one or more identical access parameters or one or more identical beam configurations.

[0019] According to some aspects, the method may further include, in response to determining that a transition from a second cell associated with a second satellite is desired, receiving a first system information block (SIB1) identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell. The determination of whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell to access the first cell is based on whether the first system information block identifies one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell.

[0020] According to other aspects, the method may also include receiving a first system information block identifying one or more satellite-to-cell varying parameters for accessing the first cell. Determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-to-cell varying parameters to access the first cell may include: (a) identifying a list of one or more frequencies and one or more physical cell identifiers (PCIDs) associated with the first satellite, and (b) identifying whether the list includes a frequency or physical cell identifier for accessing the first cell.

[0021] On another front, determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell may include receiving a Master Information Block (MIB) that identifies one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. In some instances, the MIB may use signal bits to identify one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters in a bit field.

[0022] Another feature of this method is providing a receiving identifier for whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell's main information block. It may also receive a first system information block identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell. Determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell can be based on identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters in the first system information block.

[0023] In one example, the method may further include: (a) identifying whether to release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and (b) receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell. Determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell to access the first cell may include: determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell based on whether the Radio Resource Control message identifies one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell to access the first cell.

[0024] In another aspect, at least one of one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell may be associated with a fixed geographic area. For example, a fixed geographic area may be determined based on one of a fixed tracking area identifier, a virtual cell identifier, or a fixed cell identifier.

[0025] A method for wireless communication at a base station is provided. The method includes transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including a second satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite. The method further includes receiving a satellite-cell connection request for accessing the first cell from a UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. The base station can then communicate with the UE via the first satellite.

[0026] According to one aspect, the base station may transmit a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message that instructs the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell.

[0027] In one example, the radio resource control message may further include at least one change in the priority of one or more satellites, including a first satellite, or one or more cells, including a first cell and a second cell. The radio resource control message may instruct the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on at least one change in priority.

[0028] In another example, the radio resource control message may further include a group identifier identifying one or more satellite-cell groups for which the UE initiates a reselection. Each of the one or more satellite-cell groups may include a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifiers sharing at least one of one or more identical access parameters or one or more identical beam configurations. The radio resource control message may also instruct the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the group identifier.

[0029] In yet another example, the radio resource control message may further include a list change instruction for at least one change to a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list; reselection information regarding the neighbor cell list; reselection information regarding the inter-frequency list; or reselection information regarding the inter-radio access technology (RAT) list. The radio resource control message may instruct the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the list change instruction.

[0030] In one example, receiving a satellite-cell connection request for access to a first cell from the UE after determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell may include: (a) receiving the satellite-cell connection request for access to the first cell from the UE based on one or more standard parameters when transmitting one or more standard parameters for access to the first cell, and (b) receiving the satellite-cell connection request for access to the first cell from the UE based on one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell when transmitting one or more parameters for access to the first cell.

[0031] In some examples, one or more standard parameters may include at least one of the following: one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, one or more beam information sets, or ephemeris information.

[0032] In various instances, one or more standard features may include at least one of the following: the location of the first satellite, ground area coverage associated with the first satellite, indication of a base station associated with the first satellite, indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and a base station, indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and an access and mobility management function.

[0033] In one aspect, transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing a first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites may include transmitting a first system information block (SIB1) identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. In one example, the first system information block may further include a first indication of at least one of the following: a current or future change in beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in an area including the first satellite, or one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites associated with an area including the first satellite. In another example, the first system information block may further include a second indication of at least one of the following: an ephemeris associated with the first satellite, beam pattern information associated with the first satellite, a list of one or more neighboring cells, or inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information. In yet another example, the first system information block may further include a system value label associated with at least the first satellite.

[0034] According to other examples, the first system information block may further include a group identifier that identifies one or more satellite-cell groups for reselection initiated by the UE, wherein each of the one or more satellite-cell groups includes a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifiers that share at least one of one or more identical access parameters or one or more identical beam configurations.

[0035] In one example, transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites may include transmitting a first system information block identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters in response to determining that the UE wants to switch from a second cell associated with a second satellite.

[0036] In another example, transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing a first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites may include transmitting a Master Information Block (MIB) that identifies one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. The Master Information Block uses signal bits to identify one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters in a bit field.

[0037] In yet another example, transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites may include (a) transmitting a main information block identifying whether one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell for accessing the first cell, and (b) transmitting a first system information block identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell for accessing the first cell.

[0038] In some implementations, the method may further include (a) identifying that the UE has been released from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and (b) transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) message identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell.

[0039] In some instances, at least one of one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell may be associated with a fixed geographic area. The fixed geographic area may be determined based on one of a fixed tracking area identifier, a virtual cell identifier, or a fixed cell identifier.

[0040] A user equipment (UE) is provided in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) of a wireless communication system. The UE includes a radio transceiver. The UE also includes a memory. The UE further includes a processor communicatively coupled to the radio transceiver and the memory. The processor and memory are configured to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network. The processor and memory are also configured to determine whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the first satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change in at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite. Subsequently, the UE can communicate with a base station via the first satellite using one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0041] A base station is provided in a non-terrestrial network (NTE) of a wireless communication system. The base station includes a wireless transceiver. The base station also includes a memory. The base station further includes a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory. The processor and memory are configured to transmit one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including a second satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change in at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite. The processor and memory are also configured to receive a satellite-cell connection request for accessing the first cell from a UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. Subsequently, the base station can communicate with the UE via the first satellite using the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0042] A user equipment is provided with a non-transient processor-readable storage medium storing instructions thereon. When executed by processing circuitry, the instructions cause the processing circuitry to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network. When executed by the processing circuitry, the instructions also cause the processing circuitry to determine whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the first satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite. Subsequently, the UE can communicate with a base station via the first satellite using one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0043] A non-transient processor-readable storage medium for a base station, on which instructions are stored, is provided. When executed by processing circuitry, the instructions cause the processing circuitry to transmit one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including a second satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite. When executed by the processing circuitry, the instructions also cause the processing circuitry to receive a satellite-cell connection request for accessing the first cell from a UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. Subsequently, the base station can communicate with the UE via the first satellite using the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0044] A user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes means for selecting a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network. The UE also includes means for determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the first satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change in at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite. The UE may also include means for communicating with a base station via the first satellite using one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0045] A base station is provided. The base station includes means for transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites. The one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by a plurality of satellites, including a second satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change in at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite. The base station also includes means for receiving a satellite-cell connection request for accessing the first cell from a UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. The base station may further include means for communicating with the UE via the first satellite using the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0046] These and other aspects will be more fully understood after reading the following detailed description. Other aspects, features, and embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the following description of specific exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Although features may be discussed below with respect to certain embodiments and drawings, all embodiments may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more embodiments may be discussed having certain advantageous features, one or more such features may also be used according to the various embodiments discussed herein. Similarly, although exemplary embodiments may be discussed below as embodiments of devices, systems, or methods, such exemplary embodiments may be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0048] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless radio access network based on some aspects.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication system that supports beamforming and / or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication based on several aspects.

[0050] Figure 3 It is a conceptual explanation based on examples of radio access networks from several aspects.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating examples of frame structures for use in wireless communication networks, based on several aspects.

[0052] Figure 5 This is an illustration based on some aspects of an example non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0053] Figure 6This is a conceptual signaling diagram illustrating an example environment for updating information that varies depending on the satellite and beam, based on several aspects.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation of a user equipment (UE) using a processing system based on some aspects.

[0055] Figure 8 It is a flowchart of a method for updating information that varies depending on the satellite and beam, based on several aspects.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation of a base station using a processing system based on some aspects.

[0057] Figure 10 It is a flowchart of a method for updating information that varies depending on the satellite and beam, based on several aspects. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The detailed description that follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent only the configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. This detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0059] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various classes, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz–7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz–52.6GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as the mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6GHz” band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes arise regarding FR2; although different from the Very High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz–300GHz) designated as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), FR2 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in various documents and articles.

[0060] In light of the foregoing, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, as used herein, the term "sub-6GHz" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, as used herein, the term "millimeter wave" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, or within the EHF band.

[0061] While aspects and embodiments are described herein by way of example, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The innovations described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, embodiments and / or devices may arise via integrated chip embodiments and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to particular use cases or applications, broad applicability of the described innovations is possible. The scope of implementations can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical contexts, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also necessarily include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described embodiments. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals requires several components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The innovations described herein are intended to be implemented in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed deployments, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0062] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to user equipment (UE) communicating with a base station via one or more satellites in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). When the UE selects a satellite or a satellite cell for wireless communication, the UE can obtain ephemeris information and beam information associated with the cell and / or satellite. Ephemeris may include the trajectory of an object (such as a naturally occurring celestial body or an artificial satellite in the sky) moving through space or orbiting a planet. Ephemeris may include the object's position and / or velocity over time. Instead of storing ephemeris information for satellites in a specific constellation, the UE may utilize frequency priority to prioritize frequencies of satellites in the same constellation for cell reselection when initiating a cell reselection process.

[0063] For cell reselection, the UE knows the estimated location, frequency, physical cell identifier (PCID), S-standard parameters, and beam information (e.g., polarization) of the first satellite for a specific constellation, as well as the cell visibility duration of the cell and the location of the first satellite and beam center for the current beam and one or more future beams. When the UE will need to check (e.g., regardless of priority and measurement rules) frequency and PCID information from neighboring satellites or trigger cell reselection, the UE can pre-fill future times (e.g., t1, t2, t3, ..., tN). For example, the UE may not need to consider cells at one or more specific frequencies until the pre-filled future time arrives, even if the UE is performing a measurement procedure. The pre-filled future times can be calculated based on the ephemeris of one or more satellites and can be updated periodically by the UE.

[0064] In some scenarios, when performing cell reselection for the next satellite, the UE may abandon the measurement procedure and the reading of the first system information block (SIB1) based on the assumption that access parameters, shared configurations, and beam information stored in the UE and used with previous cells or satellites are also available for the next cell or satellite. However, the accuracy of beam patterns, specific beam information, and / or satellite ephemeris may change over time or may no longer be accurate after a certain period. For example, the location of the next satellite or the ground coverage area of ​​the next satellite may have changed. As another example, the feeder link of the next satellite may belong to a new base station, or the feeder link of the next satellite may belong to a new Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). As described herein, the UE can implement various methods and procedures for obtaining updated information that varies depending on the satellite and / or beam for cell or satellite selection or reselection.

[0065] The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure can be implemented across a wide range of telecommunications systems, network architectures, and communication standards. Now refer to... Figure 1 This illustration of a radio access network (RAN) 100 is provided as an illustrative example and not a limitation. The RAN 100 can implement any one or more suitable wireless communication technologies to provide radio access. As an example, the RAN 100 can operate according to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) specification (commonly referred to as 5G). As another example, the RAN 100 can operate in a hybrid of 5G NR and the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) standard (commonly referred to as LTE). 3GPP refers to this hybrid RAN as a Next Generation RAN, or NG-RAN. Of course, many other examples can be utilized within the scope of this disclosure.

[0066] The geographical area covered by the radio access network 100 can be divided into several cellular areas (cells), which can be uniquely identified by the user equipment (UE) based on an identifier broadcast in the geographical area from an access point or base station. Figure 1 Macrocells 102, 104, 106, and small cell 208 are described, each of which may include one or more sectors (not shown). A sector is a sub-region of a cell. All sectors within a cell are served by the same base station. Radio links within a sector may be identified by a single logical identifier belonging to that sector. In a cell divided into sectors, multiple sectors within the cell may be formed by an antenna array, where each antenna is responsible for communication with UEs in a portion of the cell.

[0067] Generally, each base station (BS) serves its respective cell. More broadly, a base station is a network element in a radio access network responsible for radio transmissions to and from a UE in one or more cells. A BS may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), access point (AP), B-node (NB), evolved B-node (eNB), next-generation B-node (gNB), or any other suitable term.

[0068] exist Figure 1 In the illustration, two base stations 110 and 112 are shown in cells 102 and 104; and a third base station 114 is shown as a remote radio head (RRH) 116 controlling cell 106. That is, the base stations may have integrated antennas, or they may be connected to the antenna or RRH via feed cables. In the illustrated example, cells 102, 104, and 106 may be referred to as macrocells because base stations 110, 112, and 114 support cells with large sizes. Furthermore, base station 118 is shown in small cell 108 (e.g., microcell, picocell, femtocell, home base station, home B-node, home evolved B-node, etc.), which may overlap with one or more macrocells. In this example, cell 108 may be referred to as a small cell because base station 118 supports cells with relatively small sizes. Cell size settings can be determined based on system design and component constraints. It will be understood that the radio access network 100 may include any number of radio base stations and cells. Furthermore, relay nodes may be deployed to extend the size or coverage area of ​​a given cell. Base stations 110, 112, 114, and 118 provide radio access points to the core network for any number of mobile devices.

[0069] Figure 1It further includes satellite 120, which can be configured to act as a base station or a relay between a UE and a base station. That is, in some examples, the cell may not be stationary, and the geographical area of ​​the cell may move depending on the location of the mobile base station (such as satellite 120).

[0070] Generally, a base station may include a backhaul interface for communicating with the backhaul portion (not shown) of the network. The backhaul provides a link between the base station and the core network (not shown), and in some examples, the backhaul provides interconnection between respective base stations. The core network may be part of a wireless communication system and may be independent of the radio access technology used in the radio access network. Various types of backhaul interfaces may be employed, such as a direct physical connection using any suitable transport network, a virtual network, etc.

[0071] RAN 100 is defined as supporting wireless communication for multiple mobile devices. Mobile devices are typically referred to as User Equipment (UE) in standards and specifications issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as Mobile Station (MS), Subscriber Station, Mobile Unit, Subscriber Unit, Radio Unit, Remote Unit, Mobile Equipment, Radio Equipment, Wireless Communication Equipment, Remote Equipment, Mobile Subscriber Station, Access Terminal (AT), Mobile Terminal, Radio Terminal, Remote Terminal, Handheld Device, Terminal, User Agent, Mobile Client, Client, or any other suitable term. A UE can be a device that provides users with access to network services.

[0072] Within this document, a “mobile” device does not necessarily need to be mobile and may be stationary. The term mobile device or mobile equipment refers to a wide variety of devices and technologies. For example, some non-limiting examples of mobile devices include mobile devices, cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal computers (PCs), laptops, netbooks, smartbooks, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and a wide variety of embedded systems, such as those corresponding to the “Internet of Things” (IoT). Additionally, a mobile device can be an automobile or other means of transportation, a remote sensor or actuator, a robot or robotic device, a satellite radio, a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, an object tracking device, a drone, a multi-rotor aircraft, a quadcopter, a remote control device, consumer and / or wearable devices (such as glasses), wearable cameras, virtual reality devices, smartwatches, health or fitness trackers, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, etc. A mobile device can also be a digital home or smart home device, such as home audio, video and / or multimedia equipment, appliances, vending machines, smart lighting equipment, home security systems, smart meters, etc. Mobile devices can also be smart energy devices, security devices, solar panels or solar arrays, municipal infrastructure equipment controlling electricity, lighting, water, etc. (e.g., smart grids); industrial automation and enterprise equipment; logistics controllers; agricultural equipment; military defense equipment, vehicles, aircraft, ships, and weapons, etc. Furthermore, mobile devices can provide networked healthcare or telemedicine support, i.e., remote health care. Remote health care devices can include remote health monitoring devices and remote health supervision devices, whose communications can be given priority over other types of information, for example, through prioritized access to critical service data transmission and / or relevant QoS for critical service data transmission.

[0073] Within RAN 100, a cell may include UEs capable of communicating with one or more sectors of each cell. For example, UEs 122 and 124 may communicate with base station 110; UEs 126 and 128 may communicate with base station 112; UEs 130 and 132 may communicate with base station 116 via RRH 114; UE 134 may communicate with base station 118; and UE 136 may communicate with mobile base station 120. Here, each base station 110, 112, 114, 118, and 120 may be configured as an access point provided to the core network (not shown) for all UEs in the respective cell. In another example, a mobile network node (e.g., satellite 120) may be configured to act as a UE. For example, satellite 120 may operate within cell 102 by communicating with base station 110.

[0074] Wireless communication between RAN 100 and UEs (e.g., UE 122 or 124) can be described as utilizing an air interface. Transmissions over the air interface from a base station (e.g., base station 110) to one or more UEs (e.g., UEs 122 and 124) can be referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. According to certain aspects of this disclosure, the term downlink can refer to point-to-multipoint transmissions originating at a scheduling entity (further described below; e.g., base station 110). Another way to describe this scheme is to use the term broadcast channel multiplexing. Transmissions from a UE (e.g., UE 122) to a base station (e.g., base station 110) can be referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions. According to a further aspect of this disclosure, the term uplink can refer to point-to-point transmissions originating at a scheduled entity (further described below; e.g., UE 122).

[0075] For example, DL transmission may include unicast or broadcast transmission of control information and / or traffic information (e.g., user data traffic) from a base station (e.g., base station 110) to one or more UEs (e.g., UEs 122 and 124), while UL transmission may include transmission of control information and / or traffic information originating at a UE (e.g., UE 122). Additionally, uplink and / or downlink control information and / or traffic information may be temporally divided into frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols. As used herein, a symbol may refer to a time unit carrying one resource element (RE) per subcarrier in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. A time slot may carry 7 or 14 OFDM symbols. A subframe may refer to a duration of 1 ms. Multiple subframes or time slots may be grouped together to form a single frame or radio frame. Of course, these definitions are not mandatory, and any suitable scheme can be used to organize the waveform, and the various time divisions of the waveform may have any suitable duration.

[0076] To achieve a low block error rate (BLER) while still maintaining a very high data rate over the air interface, channel decoding can be used. That is, wireless communication typically utilizes appropriate error-correcting block codes. In a typical block code, an information message or sequence is broken down into code blocks (CBs), and an encoder (e.g., a CODEC) at the transmitting device then mathematically adds redundancy to the information message. Utilizing this redundancy in the coded information message improves message reliability, thereby enabling the correction of any bit errors that may occur due to noise.

[0077] In earlier 5G NR specifications, user data was decoded using quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) with two different basemaps: one basemap was used for large code blocks and / or high code rates, while the other basemap was used for other cases. Polarity decoding was used based on nested sequences to decode control information and the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). For these channels, puncturing, shortening, and repetition were used for rate matching.

[0078] However, those skilled in the art will understand that aspects of this disclosure can be implemented using any suitable channel code. Various implementations of the base station and UE may include suitable hardware and capabilities (e.g., encoders, decoders, and / or CODECs) to utilize one or more of these channel codes for wireless communication.

[0079] The air interface in RAN 100 can utilize one or more multiplexing and multiple access algorithms to enable simultaneous communication between individual devices. For example, the 5G NR specification provides multiple access for UL or reverse link transmissions from UEs 122 and 124 to base station 110, and utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to provide multiplexing for DL ​​or forward link transmissions from base station 110 to UEs 122 and 124. Additionally, for UL transmissions, the 5G NR specification provides support for Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) with CP (also known as Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)). However, within the scope of this disclosure, multiplexing and multiple access are not limited to the above schemes and can be provided using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), Resource Extended Multiple Access (RSMA), or other suitable multiple access schemes. In addition, multiplexing of DL transmissions from base station 110 to UEs 122 and 124 can be provided using time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), sparse code multiplexing (SCM) or other suitable multiplexing schemes.

[0080] Furthermore, the air interface in RAN 100 can utilize one or more duplex algorithms. Duplex refers to a point-to-point communication link where both endpoints can communicate with each other in both directions. Full-duplex means that both endpoints can communicate with each other simultaneously. Half-duplex means that only one endpoint can send information to the other endpoint at a time. In a wireless link, a full-duplex channel generally relies on physical isolation between the transmitter and receiver, and appropriate interference cancellation techniques. Full-duplex simulation for wireless links is typically achieved using Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) or Time Division Duplex (TDD). In FDD, transmissions in different directions operate at different carrier frequencies. In TDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separated using time division multiplexing. That is, at some times, the channel is dedicated to transmissions in one direction, and at other times, the channel is dedicated to transmissions in the other direction, where the direction can change very rapidly, for example, several times per time slot.

[0081] In RAN 100, the ability of a UE to communicate independently of its location while on the move is referred to as mobility. The various physical channels between the UE and the RAN are generally established, maintained, and released under the control of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), which may include a Security Context Management Function (SCMF) that manages the security context of both the control plane and user plane functionalities, and a Security Anchor Function (SEAF) that performs authentication. In various aspects of this disclosure, RAN 100 may utilize either DL-based mobility or UL-based mobility to achieve mobility and handover (i.e., the transfer of the UE's connection from one radio channel to another). In a network configured for DL-based mobility, during a call with a scheduling entity, or at any other time, the UE may monitor various parameters of signals from its serving cell and various parameters of neighboring cells. Depending on the quality of these parameters, the UE may maintain communication with one or more neighboring cells. During this period, if the UE moves from one cell to another, or if the signal quality from a neighboring cell exceeds the signal quality from the serving cell for a given amount of time, the UE may perform a handover or handover from the serving cell to a neighboring (target) cell. For example, UE 124 may move from a geographic area corresponding to its serving cell 102 to a geographic area corresponding to a neighboring cell 106. When the signal strength or quality from the neighboring cell 106 exceeds the signal strength or quality from its serving cell 102 for a given amount of time, UE 124 may transmit a report message indicating this situation to its serving base station 110. In response, UE 124 may receive a handover command, and the UE may undergo a handover to cell 106.

[0082] In a network configured for UL-based mobility, the UL reference signal from each UE can be used by the network to select a serving cell for each UE. In some examples, base stations 110, 112, and 114 / 116 can broadcast unified synchronization signals (e.g., unified primary synchronization signal (PSS), unified secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and unified physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). UEs 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, and 132 can receive the unified synchronization signals, derive carrier frequencies and radio frame timings from these synchronization signals, and transmit uplink pilots or reference signals in response to the derived timings. The uplink pilot signal transmitted by a UE (e.g., UE 124) can be received concurrently by two or more cells (e.g., base stations 110 and 114 / 116) within RAN 100. Each of these cells can measure the strength of the pilot signal, and the RAN (e.g., one or more of base stations 110 and 114 / 116 and / or the central node within the core network) can determine the serving cell for UE 124. As UE 124 moves within RAN 100, the network can continue to monitor the uplink pilot signal transmitted by UE 124. When the signal strength or quality of the pilot signal measured by a neighboring cell exceeds the signal strength or quality measured by the serving cell, RAN 100 can, with or without notification to UE 124, switch UE 124 from the serving cell to that neighboring cell.

[0083] Although the synchronization signal transmitted by base stations 110, 112, and 114 / 116 can be uniform, it does not necessarily identify a specific cell. Instead, it can identify a zoning that includes multiple cells operating on the same frequency and / or with the same timing. Using zoning in 5G networks or other next-generation communication networks enables uplink-based mobility frameworks and improves the efficiency of both the UE and the network because the number of mobility messages that need to be exchanged between the UE and the network can be reduced.

[0084] In various implementations, the air interface in RAN 100 can utilize licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or shared spectrum. Licensed spectrum typically provides exclusive use of a portion of the spectrum by a mobile network operator purchasing a license from a government regulatory body. Unlicensed spectrum provides shared use of a portion of the spectrum without a government-granted license. While some technical rules generally still apply to accessing unlicensed spectrum, access is available to any operator or device. Shared spectrum falls between licensed and unlicensed spectrum, where technical rules or restrictions may be required for spectrum access, but the spectrum may still be shared by multiple operators and / or multiple RATs. For example, a licensee of a portion of licensed spectrum can provide Licensed Shared Access (LSA) to share that spectrum with other parties, for example, by utilizing conditions determined by the appropriate licensee.

[0085] In some examples, access to the air interface can be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) allocates resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) for communication among some or all of its equipment and apparatus within its service area or cell. Within this disclosure, as further discussed below, the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities. That is, for scheduled communication, the UE or the scheduled entity utilizes resources allocated by the scheduling entity.

[0086] A base station is not the only entity that can be used as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE can be used as a scheduling entity to schedule resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). In other examples, sidelink signaling can be used between UEs without relying on scheduling or control information from the base station. For example, UE 138 is interpreted as communicating with UEs 140 and 142. In some examples, UE 138 is acting as a scheduling entity or a transmitting sidelink device, and UEs 140 and 142 can act as scheduled entities or receiving sidelink devices. For example, UE 138 can be used as a scheduling entity in device-to-device (D2D), peer-to-peer (P2P), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and / or mesh networks. In the mesh network example, UEs 140 and 142 can optionally communicate directly with each other in addition to communicating with a scheduling entity (e.g., UE 138).

[0087] In some aspects of this disclosure, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 126 and 128) within the coverage area of ​​serving base station 112 can communicate with each other using sidelink signal 127 without relaying the communication through the base station. In this example, base station 127 or one or both of UEs 126 and 128 can act as a scheduling entity to schedule sidelink communication between UEs 126 and 128. For example, UEs 126 and 128 can transmit sidelink signal 127 within a vehicular network (V2X).

[0088] Two main technologies that can be used by V2X networks include Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) based on the IEEE 802.11p standard and cellular V2X based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or 5G (New Radio) standards. Various aspects of this disclosure may relate to New Radio (NR) cellular V2X networks, which, for simplicity, are referred to herein as V2X networks. However, it should be understood that the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to specific V2X standards, or may refer to sidelink networks other than V2X networks.

[0089] In some aspects of this disclosure, the scheduling entity and / or the scheduled entity can be configured for beamforming and / or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting beamforming and / or MIMO is described. In the MIMO system, transmitter 202 includes multiple transmit antennas 204 (e.g., N transmit antennas), and receiver 206 includes multiple receive antennas 208 (e.g., M receive antennas). Thus, there are N×M signal paths 210 from the transmit antennas 204 to the receive antennas 208. Each of transmitter 202 and receiver 206 may be implemented, for example, in a scheduling entity, a scheduled entity, or any other suitable device. In some examples, the transmitter and receiver are each wireless communication devices (e.g., UEs or V2X devices) communicating via a sidelink channel.

[0090] The use of such multi-antenna techniques enables wireless communication systems to utilize the spatial domain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmit diversity. Spatial multiplexing can be used to simultaneously transmit different data streams (also known as layers) on the same time-frequency resources. These data streams can be transmitted to a single UE to increase the data rate or to multiple UEs to increase the overall system capacity, the latter being known as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). This is achieved by spatially precoding each data stream (i.e., multiplying these data streams by different weights and phase shifts) and then transmitting each spatially precoded stream over multiple transmit antennas on the downlink. The spatially precoded data streams arrive at the UE(s) with different spatial signatures, which allow each UE to recover one or more data streams intended for that UE. On the uplink, each UE transmits spatially precoded data streams, which allows the base station to identify the source of each spatially precoded data stream.

[0091] The number of data streams or layers corresponds to the transmission rank. Generally, the rank of a MIMO system 200 is limited by the lower of the number of transmit or receive antennas 204 or 208. Additionally, channel conditions at the UE and other considerations (such as available resources at the base station) can also affect the transmission rank. For example, the rank assigned to a particular UE on the downlink (and therefore the number of data streams) can be determined based on a rank indicator (RI) transmitted from that UE to the base station. The RI can be determined based on the antenna configuration (e.g., the number of transmit and receive antennas) and the measured signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) on each receive antenna. The RI can indicate, for example, the number of layers that can be supported under the current channel conditions. The base station can use the RI along with resource information (e.g., available resources and the amount of data to be scheduled for the UE) to assign a transmission rank to the UE.

[0092] In one example, such as Figure 2 As shown, rank-2 spatial multiplexing transmission on a 2x2 MIMO antenna configuration delivers one data stream from each transmit antenna 204. Each data stream arrives at each receive antenna 208 along a different signal path 210. Receiver 206 can then reconstruct these data streams using the signals received from each receive antenna 208.

[0093] Beamforming is a signal processing technique that can be used at transmitter 202 or receiver 206 to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) along a spatial path between transmitter 202 and receiver 206. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antennas 204 or 208 (e.g., antenna elements of an antenna array module) such that some of these signals undergo constructive interference while others undergo destructive interference. To create the desired constructive / destructive interference, transmitter 202 or receiver 206 may apply amplitude and / or phase shifts to signals transmitted or received from or received by each of the antennas 204 or 208 associated with transmitter 202 or receiver 206.

[0094] In 5G New Radio (NR) systems, particularly for FR2 (millimeter wave) systems, beamformed signals can be used on most downlink channels, including the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). Additionally, broadcast control information (such as Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs), Slot Format Indicators (SFIs), and paging information) can be beam-sweeped to ensure that all scheduled entities (UEs) within the coverage area of ​​the Transmitter and Receiver Point (TRP) (e.g., gNB) can receive the broadcast control information. Furthermore, for UEs equipped with beamformed antenna arrays, beamformed signals can also be used on uplink channels (including the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)). However, it should be understood that beamformed signals can also be used by enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) gNBs for sub-6 GHz systems. Moreover, beamformed signals can be further utilized in D2D systems utilizing FR2, such as NR SL or V2X.

[0095] Now refer to Figure 3 The block diagrams provided are examples of various components illustrating a 5G wireless communication system (5GS) 300, provided by way of example and not limitation. In some examples, the 3GS 300 may be as described above and in... Figure 1 The same wireless communication system 100 described herein. 3GS 300 includes user equipment (UE) 302, NR-RAN 304, and core network 306. The wireless communication system 300 enables UE 302 to perform data communication with external data network (DN) 314 (such as (but not limited to) the Internet or Ethernet network).

[0096] For example, core network 306 may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 308, Session Management Function (SMF) 310, and User Plane Function (UPF) 312. AMF 308 and SMF 310 employ control plane (e.g., Non-Access Stratum (NAS)) signaling to perform various functions related to mobility management and session management for UE 302. For example, AMF 308 provides connectivity, mobility management, and authentication for UE 302, while SMF 310 provides session management for UE 302 (e.g., handling signaling related to Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions between UE 302 and external DN 314). UPF 312 provides user plane connectivity to route 5G (NR) packets to / from UE 302 via NR-RAN 304.

[0097] Core network 306 may further include other functions such as Policy Control Function (PCF) 316, Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 318, Unified Data Management (UDM) 320, Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 322, and other functions (not explained for simplicity). PCF 316 provides policy information (e.g., rules) for control plane functions such as network slicing, roaming, and mobility management. Additionally, PCF 316 supports 5G Quality of Service (QoS) policies, network slicing policies, and other types of policies. AUSF 318 performs authentication for UE 302. UDM 320 facilitates the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, performs user identification, and manages subscription information and UE context. NSSF 322 redirects traffic to network slices. For example, network slices can be defined for different categories of subscribers or use cases, such as smart homes, the Internet of Things (IoT), connected cars, smart energy grids, etc. Each use case can receive a unique set of optimized resources and network topologies (e.g., network slices) to meet the use case's connectivity, speed, power, and capacity requirements.

[0098] To establish a connection to the 5G core network 306 via NR-RAN 304, UE 302 can transmit registration requests and PDU session establishment requests to the 5G core network 306 via NR-RAN 304. AMF 308 and SMF 310 can process the registration requests and PDU session establishment requests and establish a data network session (DNS) between UE 302 and external DN 314 via UPF 312. The DNS may include one or more sessions (e.g., data sessions or data streams) and may be served by multiple UPF 312s (only one is shown for convenience). Examples of data streams include, but are not limited to, Internet Protocol (IP) streams, Ethernet streams, and unstructured data streams.

[0099] Reference Figure 6The OFDM waveforms illustrated herein are used to describe various aspects of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this disclosure can be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms in substantially the same manner as described below. That is, while some examples of this disclosure may focus on OFDM links for clarity, it should be understood that the same principles can also be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms.

[0100] Now refer to Figure 4 An expanded view of exemplary subframe 402 is illustrated, showing the OFDM resource grid. However, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the physical layer (PHY) transport architecture for any particular application can vary from the example described herein depending on any number of factors. Here, time is in the horizontal direction in units of OFDM symbols; while frequency is in the vertical direction in units of the carrier's subcarriers.

[0101] Resource grid 404 can be used to schematically represent time-frequency resources for a given antenna port. That is, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation with multiple antenna ports available, there can be corresponding multiple resource grids 404 available for communication. Resource grid 404 is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) 406. An RE (which is 1 subcarrier × 1 symbol) is the smallest discrete part of the time-frequency grid and contains a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. Depending on the modulation used in a particular implementation, each RE may represent one or more information bits. In some examples, an RE block may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB) or more simply as a resource block (RB) 408, which contains any suitable number of coherent subcarriers in the frequency domain. In one example, an RB may include 12 subcarriers, the number of which is independent of the parameter design used. In some examples, depending on the parameter design, an RB may include any suitable number of coherent OFDM symbols in the time domain. Within this disclosure, it is assumed that a single RB (such as RB 408) corresponds exactly to a single communication direction (transmission or reception for a given device).

[0102] Scheduling of downlink, uplink, or sidelink transmissions for a UE or sidelink device (hereinafter collectively referred to as UE) typically involves scheduling one or more resource elements 406 within one or more subbands. Thus, the UE generally utilizes only a subset of the resource grid 404. In some examples, an RB can be the smallest unit of resource that can be allocated to the UE. Therefore, the more RBs scheduled for the UE and the more sophisticated the modulation scheme selected for the air interface, the higher the UE's data rate. RBs can be scheduled by the base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.) or can be self-scheduled by the UE / sidelink device implementing D2D sidelink communication.

[0103] In this explanation, RB 408 is shown to occupy less than the entire bandwidth of subframe 402, where some subcarriers above and below RB 408 are explained. In a given implementation, subframe 402 may have bandwidth corresponding to any number of one or more RB 408s. Furthermore, in this explanation, RB 408 is shown to occupy less than the entire duration of subframe 402, but this is merely one possible example.

[0104] Each 1ms subframe 402 may include one or more adjacent time slots. As an illustrative example, in... Figure 4 In the example shown, a subframe 402 includes four time slots 410. In some examples, time slots may be defined based on a specified number of OFDM symbols with a given cyclic prefix (CP) length. For example, with a nominal CP, a time slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols. Additional examples may include mini time slots (sometimes referred to as shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs)) with shorter durations (e.g., one to three OFDM symbols). In some cases, these mini time slots or shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) may occupy resources scheduled for ongoing time slot transmissions for the same or different UEs. Any number of resource blocks may be utilized within a subframe or time slot.

[0105] An expanded view of one of these time slots 410 illustrates that time slot 410 includes a control region 412 and a data region 414. Generally, control region 412 may carry a control channel, while data region 414 may carry a data channel. Of course, the time slot may contain all DL, all UL, or at least one DL portion and at least one UL portion. Figure 4 The simple structure described in the text is merely exemplary in nature and can utilize different time slot structures, and may include one or more of each control region and data region.

[0106] Although not in Figure 4 The explanation is as follows: However, each RE 406 within RB 408 can be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other REs 406 within RB 408 can also carry pilot or reference signals. These pilot or reference signals can be used by the receiver equipment to perform channel estimation for the corresponding channels, which enables coherent demodulation / detection of the control and / or data channels within RB408.

[0107] In some examples, time slot 410 can be used for broadcast or unicast communication. For example, broadcast, multicast, or ensemble communication can refer to point-to-multipoint transmission from one device (e.g., a base station, UE, or other similar device) to other devices. Here, broadcast communication is delivered to all devices, while multicast communication is delivered to multiple intended receiving devices. Unicast communication can refer to point-to-point transmission from one device to a single other device.

[0108] In an example of cellular communication over a cellular carrier via the Uu interface, for DL ​​transmission, a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) may allocate one or more REs 406 (e.g., within control area 412) to carry DL control information, including one or more DL control channels (such as the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), destined for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UEs). The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI), including but not limited to power control commands for DL ​​and UL transmissions (e.g., one or more open-loop power control parameters and / or one or more closed-loop power control parameters), scheduling information, grants, and / or RE assignments. The PDCCH may further carry HARQ feedback transmissions, such as acknowledgment (ACK) or negative acknowledgment (NACK). Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) is a technique well known to those skilled in the art, where, for accuracy, any suitable integrity verification mechanism (such as a checksum or cyclic redundancy check (CRC)) may be used to verify the integrity of packet transmissions at the receiving side. If the integrity of the transmission is acknowledged, an ACK may be transmitted, and if not, a NACK may be transmitted. In response to NACK, the transmitting device can send a HARQ retransmission, which enables catch-up retransmission, incremental redundancy, and so on.

[0109] The base station may further allocate one or more REs 406 (e.g., in control area 412 or data area 414) to carry other DL signals, such as demodulation reference signals (DMRS); phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS); channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS); primary synchronization signals (PSS); and secondary synchronization signals (SSS). The UE may utilize the PSS and SSS to achieve radio frame, subframe, time slot, and symbol synchronization in the time domain, identify the center of the channel (system) bandwidth in the frequency domain, and identify the physical cell identity (PCI) of the cell. The synchronization signals PSS and SSS, and in some examples, PBCH and PBCH DMRS, may be transmitted in the synchronization signal block (SSB). The PBCH may further include a main information block (MIB), which includes various system information along with parameters for decoding the system information block (SIB). The SIB may be, for example, System Information Type 1 (SIB1), which may include various additional system information. Examples of system information transmitted in the MIB may include, but are not limited to, subcarrier spacing, system frame number, configuration of the PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) (e.g., PDCCH CORESET0), and search space for SIB1. Examples of additional system information transmitted in SIB1 may include, but are not limited to, random access search space, downlink configuration information, and uplink configuration information. Together, the MIB and SIB1 provide the minimum system information (SI) for initial access.

[0110] In UL transmissions, the scheduled entity (e.g., the UE) may use one or more RE 406s to carry UL control information (UCI) to the scheduling entity. This UL control information includes one or more UL control channels, such as the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). The UCI may include various packet types and categories, including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmissions. In some examples, the UCI may include a scheduling request (SR), i.e., a request for the scheduling entity to schedule uplink transmissions. Here, in response to the SR transmitted on the UCI, the scheduling entity may transmit downlink control information (DCI), which can schedule resources for uplink packet transmissions. The UCI may also include HARQ feedback, channel state feedback (CSF) (such as CSI reports), or any other suitable UCI.

[0111] In addition to control information, one or more REs 406 (e.g., within data area 414) may also be allocated for data traffic. Such data traffic may be carried on one or more traffic channels, such as the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) for DL ​​transmissions, or the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) for UL transmissions. In some examples, one or more REs 406 within data area 414 may be configured to carry other signals, such as one or more SIBs and DMRS.

[0112] In an example of sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier via the PC5 interface, the control area 412 of time slot 410 may include a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), which includes sidelink control information (SCI) transmitted by an initiating (transmitting) sidelink device (e.g., a V2X or other sidelink device) toward a set of one or more other receiving sidelink devices. The data area 414 of time slot 410 may include a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), which includes sidelink data traffic transmitted by the initiating (transmitting) sidelink device within resources reserved on the sidelink carrier by the transmitting sidelink device via the SCI. Further information may be transmitted on the respective REs 406 within time slot 410. For example, HARQ feedback information may be transmitted from the receiving sidelink device to the transmitting sidelink device in the Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) within time slot 410. Additionally, one or more reference signals, such as a sidelink SSB and / or a sidelink CSI-RS, may be transmitted within time slot 410.

[0113] These physical channels are typically multiplexed and mapped to transport channels for processing by the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The transport channel carries blocks of information, called transport blocks (TBs). The transport block size (TBS) (which may correspond to the number of information bits) can be a controlled parameter based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and the number of redundancies (RBs) in a given transmission.

[0114] Figure 4 The channels or carriers described are not necessarily all the channels or carriers available between devices, and those skilled in the art will recognize that other channels or carriers, such as other traffic, control, and feedback channels, may be available in addition to those described.

[0115] Figure 5 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating a demonstrative non-terrestrial network (NTN). (Reference) Figure 5The non-terrestrial network (NTN) 500 may include a first satellite 502, a second satellite 504, a scheduled entity or user equipment (UE) 506, a base station 508, and a core network 510. In some aspects, the base station 508 may be a gateway or may include a gateway. In some aspects, each of the first satellite 502 and the second satellite 504 may be a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite, a highly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, or an unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAS) platform, etc.

[0116] like Figure 5 As shown, UE 506 may be located at a ground location and communicate with at least one of a first satellite 502 or a second satellite 504 located at a non-ground location. The first satellite 502 may communicate with base station 508 and core network 510 via a first feeder link 512. In some examples, core network 510 may communicate with a data network. The first satellite 502 may include multiple beams and associated cells. For example, the first satellite 502 may include a first beam 516 associated with a first cell 518, a second beam 520 associated with a second cell 522, a third beam 524 associated with a third cell 526, and a fourth beam 528 associated with a fourth cell 530. The second satellite 504 may communicate with base station 508 and core network 510 via a second feeder link 514. The second satellite 504 may include multiple beams and associated cells. The second satellite 504 may include a fifth beam 532 associated with the third cell 526, a sixth beam 534 associated with the fourth cell 530, a seventh beam 536 associated with the fifth cell 538, and an eighth beam 540 associated with the sixth cell 542. Figure 5 As shown, the first satellite 502 moves in a first direction 544, and the second satellite moves in a second direction 546. When the first satellite 502 moves in the first direction 544, the beam and cell associated with the first satellite 502 move in a similar direction. Furthermore, the second satellite 504 moves in the second direction 546, and the beam and cell associated with the second satellite 504 move in a similar direction.

[0117] When located in a cell associated with a corresponding satellite, UE 506 is capable of performing NR communication (e.g., downlink and uplink communication) with both the first satellite 502 and the second satellite 504. In some examples, initially, UE 506 is communicating with the second satellite 504. For example, at a first time (t1), UE 506 may be located in the fourth cell 530 and may communicate with the second satellite 504 via the sixth beam 534. At a second time (t2), the second satellite 504 and the first satellite 502 may have moved to their respective directions 546 and 544, and when UE 506 changes from the fourth cell 530 to the third cell 526, UE 506 may initiate cell and / or satellite selection or reselection. For example, when entering idle mode in the fourth cell 530, UE 506 may initiate cell and / or satellite selection or reselection. UE 506 may select the second satellite 504 and / or the fifth beam 532 to communicate with the second satellite 504. As another example, UE 506 may select first satellite 502 and / or fourth beam 528 because first satellite 502 and second satellite 504, as well as fourth beam 528 and fifth beam 532, are associated with third cell 526. UE 506 may utilize one or more standard parameters described herein or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell configuration to move to a new cell and / or a new satellite.

[0118] The disclosed aspects relate to user equipment (UE) communicating with base stations via one or more satellites in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). When a UE selects a satellite or a satellite's cell for wireless communication, the UE can obtain ephemeris and beam information associated with that cell and / or satellite. Ephemeris can include the trajectory of an object (such as a naturally occurring celestial body or an artificial satellite in the sky) as it moves through space or orbits a planet. Ephemeris can include the object's position and / or velocity over time. Instead of storing ephemeris for satellites in a specific constellation, the UE can utilize frequency priority to prioritize frequencies of satellites in the same constellation for cell reselection when initiating a cell reselection process.

[0119] For cell reselection, the UE knows the estimated location, frequency, physical cell identifier (PCID), S-standard parameters, and beam information (e.g., polarization) of the first satellite for a specific constellation, as well as the cell visibility duration of the cell and the location of the first satellite and beam center for the current beam and one or more future beams. When the UE will need to check (e.g., regardless of priority and measurement rules) frequency and PCID information from neighboring satellites or trigger cell reselection, the UE can pre-fill future times (e.g., t1, t2, t3, ..., tN). For example, the UE may not need to consider cells at one or more specific frequencies until the pre-filled future time arrives, even if the UE is performing a measurement procedure. The pre-filled future times can be calculated based on the ephemeris of one or more satellites and can be updated periodically by the UE.

[0120] In some scenarios, when performing cell reselection for the next satellite, the UE may abandon the measurement procedure and the reading of the first system information block (SIB1) based on the assumption that access parameters, shared configurations, and beam information stored in the UE and used with previous cells or satellites are also available for the next cell or satellite. However, the accuracy of beam patterns, specific beam information, and / or satellite ephemeris may change over time or may no longer be accurate after a certain period. For example, the location of the next satellite or the ground coverage area of ​​the next satellite may have changed. As another example, the feeder link of the next satellite may belong to a new base station, or the feeder link of the next satellite may belong to a new Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). As described herein, the UE can implement various methods and procedures for obtaining updated information that varies depending on the satellite and / or beam for cell or satellite selection or reselection.

[0121] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to user equipment (UE) communicating with a base station via one or more satellites in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). The UE can select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in the NTN. The UE can determine whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell. For example, the UE may have received a first System Information Block (SIB1), Master Information Block (MIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message that includes one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell. The UE can determine whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters based on whether the SIB1, MIB, or RRC message includes one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. The one or more standard parameters may be based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the first satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may be based on a change to at least one standard characteristic of one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite. After determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell, the UE may transmit a satellite-cell connection request to the first satellite for access to the first cell.

[0122] Figure 6 This is a conceptual signaling diagram illustrating an example environment 600 used to update information that varies depending on the satellite and beam, based on several aspects. Figure 6 In the example shown, User Equipment (UE) 602 wirelessly communicates with Base Station 606 via one or more satellites 604 over one or more wireless communication links. Base Station 606 may communicate with the core network described herein. Each of UE 602, one or more satellites 604, and Base Station 606 may correspond to any of the following: an entity, a gB node, a UE, a V2X device or D2D device, a quadcopter or drone, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), etc. Figures 1-3 and Figure 5 As shown in the diagram. In some aspects, base station 606 may wirelessly communicate with at least one of one or more satellites via a feeder link. In some aspects, UE 602 may wirelessly communicate with at least one of one or more satellites 604 via an access link (e.g., an uplink).

[0123] At 608, User Equipment (UE) 602 can determine that UE 602 has transitioned to idle mode on a first cell associated with a first satellite (e.g., the initial satellite) among one or more satellites 604. For example, UE 602 may have been in active mode on the first cell associated with the first satellite among one or more satellites 604 and transitioned to idle mode after a period of minimal or no activity on the first cell. The transition to idle mode may be due to receiving a release message instructing the UE to transition to idle mode (e.g., an RCRelease (RRC release) message), lack of use of UE 602, a change in the quality of one or more frequencies associated with the first cell, a change in the UE 602's ground location, the elapsed time period in which the first satellite or the first cell among one or more satellites 604 may have further moved away from the UE 602's ground location, etc. In response to transitioning to idle mode on the first cell of the first satellite among one or more satellites, UE 602 may initiate a cell reselection procedure. In some examples, UE 602 may initially be powered on and initiate a cellular selection process rather than a cellular reselection process to select a cell and / or one or more satellites 604 for use in wireless communication over non-terrestrial networks.

[0124] At 610, UE 602 can select a second cell associated with a second satellite (e.g., a neighboring satellite, a second satellite) among one or more satellites 604 for wireless communication. For example, UE 602 can receive the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and decode them into a physical cell identifier (PCID) for multiple cells and / or multiple satellites. UE 602 can select a second cell associated with a second satellite with the best beam and decode the content information of the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0125] In some aspects, UE 602 may select a second cell of a second satellite in one or more satellites 604 based on the quality of one or more parameters associated with the second cell. As another example, UE 602 may receive multiple indications of one or more standard parameters, each associated with a cell of a satellite in one or more satellites 604, or multiple indications of one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters, each associated with a cell of a satellite in one or more satellites 604. UE 602 may determine that the one or more parameters associated with the second satellite (or the cell of the second satellite) contain optimal parameters (e.g., an optimal set of parameters relative to the parameters contained in the remaining indications for the remaining cells and / or satellite set). UE 602 may select a second cell of the second UE based on one or more optimal parameters contained in the received indications.

[0126] At 612, base station 606 may receive from the second satellite (e.g., neighboring satellites for cell reselection, one or more most recent satellites for cell selection) an indication for determining whether one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite have changed. For example, base station 606 may determine whether at least one of the following has changed and / or receive from the second satellite an indication for determining whether at least one of the following has changed: the location of the second satellite (e.g., for a scheduled or predicted location); ground area coverage associated with the second satellite (e.g., from a scheduled or predicted ground area coverage); base stations associated with the second satellite; feeder links providing communication between the second satellite and associated base stations; access and mobility management functions (AMF) associated with the second satellite; and feeder links providing communication between the second satellite and mobility management functions.

[0127] At 614, UE 602 may receive from base station 606 an indication of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., a first satellite, a second satellite). For example, base station 606 may have received an indication from the second satellite and determined that no change has occurred to any of the one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite (e.g., scheduling parameters, predetermined parameters). In response to determining that no change has occurred to any of the one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite, base station 606 may transmit an indication of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or its cell via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., the second satellite). The one or more standard parameters may include at least one of one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, or one or more beam information sets, ephemeris information, etc.

[0128] As another example, base station 606 may have received an indication from the second satellite and determined that at least one change has occurred to one or more standard characteristics (e.g., scheduling parameters, predetermined parameters) associated with the second satellite. In response to determining that at least one change has occurred to one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite, base station 606 may transmit an indication of one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite or its cell via at least one of the one or more satellites 604 (e.g., the second satellite).

[0129] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, received by UE 602 from base station 606 via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a first system information block (SIB1). For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, UE 602 may receive SIB1 from another cell associated with the same satellite. SIB1 may include one or more standard parameters associated with another cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with another cell, as described herein. As another example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a first satellite, UE 602 may receive SIB1 from a second cell associated with a second satellite. SIB1 may include one or more standard parameters associated with another cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with another cell, as described herein. In some respects, after cell selection or reselection, if UE 602 determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires SIB1.

[0130] In some aspects, when the indication received by UE 602 from base station 606 via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., the second satellite) is received in SIB1 including one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may also include additional information indicating whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in the area including the second satellite, one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with the area including the second satellite, ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites, a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites, whether a change has occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc.

[0131] UE 602 can compare the received beam pattern information with the beam pattern information stored in UE 602 to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. The beam pattern profile identifier can indicate beam-specific information, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area ingress and area egress, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc. Based on indications including one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, UE 602 can read additional information contained in SIB1. In some aspects, UE 602 can also utilize system value tags associated with the second satellite and contained in SIB1.

[0132] In some aspects, SIB1 may also include group identifiers that identify one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to UE 602. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, group identifiers may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When SIB1 is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite in one or more satellites 604) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifiers associated with the cell and / or satellite. UE 602 may then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifiers with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0133] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, received by UE 602 from base station 606 via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a Master Information Block (MIB). For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, UE 602 may receive an MIB from another cell associated with the same satellite. The MIB may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. As another example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, UE 602 may receive an MIB from a second cell associated with a second satellite. The MIB may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if UE 602 determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires an MIB.

[0134] In some aspects, when the indication received by UE 602 from base station 606 via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., the second satellite) is received in a MIB that includes one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may also include additional information indicating whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in the area including the second satellite, one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with the area including the second satellite, ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites, a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites, whether a change has occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc.

[0135] UE 602 can compare the received beam pattern information with the beam pattern information stored in UE 602 to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. The beam pattern profile identifier can indicate beam-specific information, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area ingress and area egress, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc. Based on indications including one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite, UE 602 can read additional information contained in the MIB. In some aspects, UE 602 can also utilize system value tags associated with the second satellite and contained in the MIB.

[0136] In some aspects, the MIB may also include group identifiers that identify one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to UE 602. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, a group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When the MIB is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite in one or more satellites 604) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifiers associated with the cell and / or satellite. UE 602 may then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifiers with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0137] In some respects, the MIB may contain only one spare bit to indicate one or more standard parameters or one or more associated satellite-cell-specific parameters, one or more different beam patterns for current and / or future satellites, or the group identifier to which the cell belongs. For example, the intraFreqReselection field of the MIB may be repurposed to provide this indication using this single bit. UE 602 may assume or be configured such that the intraFreqReselection field is set to "allowed" or "disallowed" based on the cell type (e.g., LEO, GEO), thus potentially eliminating the need for additional signaling in the MIB for non-terrestrial networks. In some respects, when using the MIB to provide the group identifier, the MIB may be scrambled with different groups of identifiers used by the UE to identify the group identifier to which the cell belongs. In some respects, UE 602 may receive the MIB and use it to identify whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the cell. Subsequently, UE 602 may receive SIB1 for identifying one or more standard parameters for accessing a cellular cell or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cellular configuration.

[0138] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, received by UE 602 from base station 606 via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, UE 602 may receive an RRC message (e.g., an RRC Release message) from the first cell. The RRC message may include indications that the UE wants to select a cell and acquire one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs) (including SIBs that vary from non-terrestrial networks) to obtain information that varies from satellite and beam. In some examples, the RRC message may include one or more standard parameters associated with another cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with another cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if UE 602 determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires SIB1.

[0139] In some aspects, when an indication received by UE 602 from base station 606 via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., a second satellite) is received in an RRC message, the RRC message may also include additional information indicating whether: whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur in beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in an area including the second satellite; one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with an area including the second satellite; ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites; a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites; whether changes have occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc. UE 602 may compare the received beam pattern information with beam pattern information stored in UE 602 to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. Beam pattern profiles can indicate information that varies from beam to beam, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area entrance and area exit, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc.

[0140] In some aspects, the RRC message may also include a group identifier that identifies one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to UE 602. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, the group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When an RRC message is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite in one or more satellites 604) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. UE 602 may then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0141] In some aspects, UE 602 may receive indications of one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite from base station 606 based on UE 602's location via at least one of one or more satellites 604 (e.g., a second satellite). For example, beam-specific configurations and / or satellite-specific configurations, as well as information regarding SIB1, MIB, and RRC messages described herein, may be associated with or fixed to a geographic ground area. Base station 606 may determine the location of UE 602, identify a fixed tracking area identifier, virtual cell identifier, or terrestrial fixed cell identifier associated with the location of UE 602, and provide UE 602 with one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite based on the location of UE 602. The location of UE 602 may be served by a specific gateway at a specific time. In some respects, if the UE transitions from a first cell to a second cell or from a first satellite to a second satellite and the UE 602 utilizes the same non-terrestrial area and the same gateway, the UE 602 may assume that the SIB is shared by the cell and / or satellite. SIB, MIB, or dedicated RRC message signaling can provide the UE 602 with an indication as to whether the SIB configuration is fixed to a geographic area or tracking area. In some respects, geographically varying SIB content can be provided via dedicated RRC message signaling.

[0142] At 616, UE 602 may determine whether to use one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite to access the second cell associated with the second satellite. The one or more standard parameters may be based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the second satellite. The one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may be based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite. In some aspects, UE 602 may determine whether to use one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters based on whether the received indication associated with the second satellite contains one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0143] At step 618, UE 602 and base station 606 can then communicate via the second satellite (e.g., transmit and / or receive data, signaling, and / or traffic). For example, such "communication" may include UE 602 monitoring or listening to transmissions from base station 606 (via the second satellite). Therefore, UE 602 does not need to transmit via the second satellite to "communicate".

[0144] In some examples, the UE may store a list of frequencies and PCIDs belonging to a selected satellite (e.g., selected cells of the selected satellite). UE 602 may measure and / or determine the frequency or PCID of the selected satellite and compare the measured and / or determined frequency or PCID with the list of frequencies and PCIDs to determine if a match exists. If a match exists, UE 602 may use previously stored standard parameters or previously stored satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the second satellite. However, if no match exists, UE 602 may read an indication (e.g., an SIB, MIB, or RRC message) to obtain one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the second satellite.

[0145] In some aspects, UE 602 may determine whether the UE can access the second cell based on one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell or one or more standard parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine whether the UE can access the second cell based on the added information and / or group identification information described herein. For example, in some aspects, when the UE transitions to active mode on the second cell of the second satellite, UE 602 may, based on the determination that the UE can access the second cell, transmit a satellite-cell connection request for access to the second cell to the second satellite in one or more satellites 604.

[0146] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation of a user equipment (UE) 700 employing a processing system 914. For example, UE 700 could be in... Figure 1-3 Any user equipment (UE) or base station (e.g., gNB or eNB) described in any one or more of 5 and 6.

[0147] UE 700 can be implemented using a processing system 714 including one or more processors 704. Examples of processors 704 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, UE 700 can be configured to perform any or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 704 utilized in UE 700 can be used to implement any or more of the processes described herein. In some instances, processor 704 can be implemented via a baseband or modem chip, while in other implementations, processor 704 itself may include several devices that are different from and distinct from the baseband or modem chip (e.g., in such scenarios they may work together to achieve the aspects discussed herein). And as mentioned above, various hardware arrangements and components other than the baseband modem processor can be used in the implementation, including RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.

[0148] In this example, the processing system 714 can be implemented using a bus architecture generally represented by bus 702. Depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system 714, bus 702 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges. Bus 702 communicatively couples together various circuits including one or more processors (generally represented by processor 704) and computer-readable media (generally represented by computer-readable storage media 706). Bus 702 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further. Bus interface 708 provides an interface between bus 702 and transceiver 710. Transceiver 710 provides means for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium (e.g., an air interface). User interface 712 (e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick) may also be provided.

[0149] Processor 704 is responsible for managing bus 702 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on computer-readable storage medium 706. When executed by processor 704, the software causes processing system 714 to perform various functions described herein for any particular device. Computer-readable storage medium 706 can also be used to store data manipulated by processor 704 during software execution.

[0150] One or more processors 704 in a processing system can execute software. Software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. Software may reside on a computer-readable storage medium 706.

[0151] Computer-readable storage medium 706 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. As examples, non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes), optical disks (e.g., compact discs (CDs) or digital multi-purpose discs (DVDs)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., cards, sticks, or key drives), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, removable disks, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions accessible and readable by a computer. Computer-readable storage medium 706 may reside in processing system 714, be external to processing system 714, or be distributed across multiple entities including processing system 714. Computer-readable storage medium 706 may be implemented in a computer program product. As an example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium within encapsulation material. Those skilled in the art will recognize how the functionality described throughout this disclosure is best implemented depending on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0152] In some aspects of this disclosure, processor 704 may include circuitry configured for various functions. For example, processor 704 may include a determining circuitry 740 configured to determine that a user equipment (UE) has transitioned to an idle mode on a satellite-associated cell. The determining circuitry 740 may also be configured to determine whether to access a second satellite-associated cell using one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite. The determining circuitry 740 may be further configured to execute determining instructions 750 stored on a computer-readable storage medium 706 to implement any of the functions described herein. Processor 704 may also include a receiving circuitry 742 configured to receive indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite. The receiving circuitry 742 may be further configured to execute receiving instructions 752 stored on a computer-readable storage medium 706 to implement any of the functions described herein.

[0153] Processor 704 may further include a selection circuitry 744 configured to select a second cell associated with a second satellite for wireless communication. Selection circuitry 744 may be further configured to execute selection instructions 754 stored in computer-readable storage medium 706 to achieve any of the functions described herein. Additionally, processor 704 may include a transmission circuitry 746 configured to transmit a satellite-cell connection request for access to the second cell associated with the second satellite after determining whether to use one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the first or second satellite. Transmission circuitry 746 may be further configured to execute transmission instructions 756 stored in computer-readable storage medium 706 to achieve any of the functions described herein.

[0154] Figure 8 This is a flowchart 800 of a method for updating information that varies due to satellite and beam variations, based on several aspects. As described below, some or all of the described features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of this disclosure, and some described features may not be required to implement all aspects. In some examples, the method may be as described above and in… Figure 7 The UE 700, as described above, is executed by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable means for performing the described functions. In one example, the UE 700 may store one or more standard parameters for accessing a cell associated with one or more satellites.

[0155] At box 802, User Equipment (UE) 700 may determine that UE 700 has transitioned to idle mode on the cell associated with the first satellite. For example, the UE may have been in active mode on the first cell associated with the first satellite among one or more satellites and transitioned to idle mode after a period of minimal or no activity on the first cell. The transition to idle mode may be due to receiving a release message instructing the UE to transition to idle mode (e.g., an RCRelease message), lack of use of the UE, a change in the quality of one or more frequencies associated with the first cell, a change in the UE's ground location, or the elapsed period of time during which the first satellite or the first cell among one or more satellites may have moved further away from the UE's ground location. In response to transitioning to idle mode on the first cell of the first satellite among one or more satellites, the UE may initiate a cell reselection procedure. In some examples, the UE may initially be powered on and initiate a cell selection procedure instead of a cell reselection procedure to select a cell and / or a satellite among one or more satellites for wireless communication over a non-terrestrial network.

[0156] At box 804, UE 700 can select a second cell associated with a second satellite for wireless communication. For example, the UE can receive the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and decode them into a physical cell identifier (PCID) for multiple cells and / or multiple satellites. The UE can select a second cell associated with a second satellite with the best beam and decode the content information of the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0157] In some aspects, the UE can select a second cell of a second satellite among one or more satellites based on the quality of one or more parameters associated with the second cell. As another example, the UE can receive multiple indications of one or more standard parameters, each associated with a cell of a satellite among one or more satellites, or multiple indications of one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters, each associated with a cell of a satellite among one or more satellites. The UE can determine that the one or more parameters associated with the second satellite (or the cell of the second satellite) contain optimal parameters (e.g., an optimal set of parameters relative to the parameters contained in the remaining indications for the remaining cells and / or satellite set). The UE can select a second cell of the second UE based on the one or more optimal parameters contained in the received indications.

[0158] At block 806, UE 700 may receive indications of one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more parameters associated with a second satellite that vary depending on the satellite-cell configuration. For example, the base station may have received an indication from the second satellite and determined that no change has occurred to any of the one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite (e.g., scheduling parameters, predetermined parameters). In response to determining that no change has occurred to any of the one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite, the base station may transmit indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or its cells via at least one of the one or more satellites (e.g., the second satellite). The one or more standard parameters may include at least one of one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, or one or more beam information sets, ephemeris information, etc.

[0159] As another example, the base station may have received an indication from a second satellite and determined that at least one change has occurred to one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite (e.g., scheduling parameters, predetermined parameters). In response to determining that at least one change has occurred to one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite, the base station may transmit an indication of one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite or its cell via at least one of the one or more satellites (e.g., the second satellite).

[0160] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, received by the UE from a base station via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a first System Information Block (SIB1). For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive SIB1 from another cell associated with the same satellite. SIB1 may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. As another example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a first satellite, the UE may receive SIB1 from a second cell associated with a second satellite. SIB1 may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if the UE determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires SIB1.

[0161] In some aspects, when the indication received by the UE from the base station via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., the second satellite) is received in SIB1 including one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may also include additional information indicating whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in the area including the second satellite, one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with the area including the second satellite, ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites, a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites, whether a change has occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc.

[0162] The UE can compare the received beam pattern information with the beam pattern information stored in the UE to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. The beam pattern profile identifier can indicate beam-specific information, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area ingress and egress, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc. Based on indications including one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the UE can read additional information contained in SIB1. In some aspects, the UE can also utilize system value tags associated with the second satellite and contained in SIB1.

[0163] In some aspects, SIB1 may also include group identifiers that identify one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to the UE. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, a group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When SIB1 is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite among one or more satellites) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. The UE can then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0164] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, received by the UE from a base station via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a Master Information Block (MIB). For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive an MIB from another cell associated with the same satellite. The MIB may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. As another example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive an MIB from a second cell associated with a second satellite. The MIB may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if the UE determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires an MIB.

[0165] In some aspects, when an indication received by a UE from a base station via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite) is received in a MIB that includes one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may also include additional information indicating whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in an area including the second satellite, one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with an area including the second satellite, ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites, a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites, whether a change has occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc.

[0166] The UE can compare the received beam pattern information with the beam pattern information stored in the UE to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. The beam pattern profile identifier can indicate beam-specific information, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area ingress and egress, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc. Based on indications including one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite, the UE can read additional information contained in the MIB. In some aspects, the UE can also utilize system value tags associated with the second satellite and contained in the MIB.

[0167] In some aspects, the MIB may also include group identifiers that identify one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to the UE. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, a group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When the MIB is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite among one or more satellites) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. The UE can then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0168] In some aspects, the MIB may contain only one spare bit to indicate one or more standard parameters or one or more associated satellite-cell-specific parameters, one or more different beam patterns for current and / or future satellites, or the group identifier to which the cell belongs. For example, the intraFreqReselection field of the MIB may be repurposed to provide this indication using this single bit. The UE may assume or be configured such that the intraFreqReselection field is set to "allowed" or "disallowed" based on the cell type (e.g., LEO, GEO), thus potentially eliminating the need for additional signaling in the MIB for non-terrestrial networks. In some aspects, when using the MIB to provide the group identifier, the MIB may be scrambled with different groups of identifiers used by the UE to identify the group identifier to which the cell belongs. In some aspects, the UE may receive the MIB and use it to identify whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the cell. Subsequently, the UE may receive SIB1 to identify one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the cell.

[0169] In some aspects, an indication of one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite, received by the UE from a base station via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive an RRC message (e.g., an RRC Release message) from the first cell. The RRC message may include an indication that the UE wants to select a cell and acquire one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs) (including SIBs that vary from non-terrestrial networks) to obtain information that varies from satellite and beam. In some examples, the RRC message may include one or more standard parameters associated with another cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with another cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if the UE determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires SIB1.

[0170] In some aspects, when an indication received by the UE from a base station via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite) is received in an RRC message, the RRC message may also include additional information indicating whether: whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in an area including the second satellite; one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with an area including the second satellite; ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites; a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites; whether changes have occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc. The UE may compare the received beam pattern information with beam pattern information stored in the UE to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. Beam pattern profiles can indicate information that varies from beam to beam, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area entrance and area exit, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc.

[0171] In some aspects, the RRC message may also include a group identifier that identifies one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to the UE. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, the group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When an RRC message is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite in one or more satellites) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. The UE can then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0172] In some aspects, the UE may receive indications from the base station, based on its location via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), of one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite. For example, beam-specific and / or satellite-specific configurations, as well as information described herein regarding SIB1, MIB, and RRC messages, may be associated with or fixed to a geographic ground area. The base station may determine the UE's location, identify a fixed tracking area identifier, virtual cell identifier, or terrestrial fixed cell identifier associated with the UE's location, and provide the UE with one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite based on the UE's location. The UE's location may be served by a specific gateway at a specific time. In some aspects, if the UE transitions from a first cell to a second cell or from a first satellite to a second satellite and the UE utilizes the same non-terrestrial area and the same gateway, the UE may assume that the SIB is shared by the cell and / or satellite. SIB, MIB, or dedicated RRC message signaling can provide the UE with an indication of whether the SIB configuration is fixed to a geographic region or tracking region. In some aspects, geographically varying SIB content can be provided via dedicated RRC message signaling.

[0173] At box 808, UE 700 can determine whether to use one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite to access the second cell associated with the second satellite. The one or more standard parameters may be based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites, including the second satellite.

[0174] One or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may be based on a change to at least one of the standard characteristics of a second satellite. In some aspects, the UE may determine whether to use one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters based on whether the received indication associated with the second satellite contains one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters. In one instance, if it is determined that a change has occurred to at least one of the standard characteristics of a first satellite, one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are used or selected.

[0175] At box 810, UE 700 can communicate with the base station via a second satellite, while utilizing one or more selected standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell configuration.

[0176] In some examples, the UE may store a list of frequencies and PCIDs belonging to a selected satellite (e.g., selected cells of the selected satellite). The UE may measure and / or determine the frequency or PCID of the selected satellite and compare the measured and / or determined frequency or PCID with the list of frequencies and PCIDs to determine if a match exists. If a match exists, the UE may use previously stored standard parameters or previously stored satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the second satellite. However, if no match exists, the UE may read an indication (e.g., an SIB, MIB, or RRC message) to obtain one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the second satellite.

[0177] In some aspects, the UE may determine whether it can access the second cell based on one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell or one or more standard parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine whether it can access the second cell based on the additional information and / or group identification information described herein. For example, in some aspects, when the UE transitions to active mode on the second cell of the second satellite, the UE may, based on the determination that it can access the second cell, transmit a satellite-cell connection request for access to the second cell to the second satellite in one or more satellites.

[0178] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation of a base station 900 using a processing system 914, based on some aspects. For example, the base station 900 may correspond to... Figure 1-3 Any device or system shown and described in any one or more of 5 and 6.

[0179] According to various aspects of this disclosure, an element, or any part thereof, or any combination thereof, may be implemented using a processing system 914 comprising one or more processors 904. The processing system 914 may be compatible with... Figure 7 The processing system 714 described above is essentially the same, including a bus interface 908, a bus 902, a processor 904, and a computer-readable storage medium 906. Furthermore, the base station 900 may include components similar to those described above. Figure 9 The user interfaces 912 and 910 described herein are substantially similar to those of the transceivers. That is, the processor 904, as utilized in the base station 900, can be used to implement any one or more of the processes described herein.

[0180] In some aspects of this disclosure, processor 904 may include circuitry configured for various functions. For example, processor 904 may include a receiving circuitry 940 configured to receive from a second satellite an indication of whether one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite have changed. The receiving circuitry 940 may also be configured to execute receiving instructions 950 stored on a computer-readable storage medium 906 to perform any of the functions described herein.

[0181] The processor 904 may also include a transmission circuitry 942 configured to transmit to the user equipment (UE) via the second satellite an indication of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite. The transmission circuitry 942 may be further configured to execute transmission instructions 952 stored on a computer-readable storage medium 906 to perform any of the functions described herein.

[0182] Figure 10 This is a flowchart 1000 of a method for selecting and utilizing carrier aggregation configurations for sidelink communication, based on several aspects. As described below, some or all of the described features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of this disclosure, and some described features may not be required to implement all aspects. In some examples, the method may be as described herein and... Figure 9 The base station 900 described herein is executed by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable means for performing the described functions.

[0183] At box 1002, base station 900 may receive from a satellite an indication of whether one or more standard characteristics associated with the satellite have changed. For example, the base station may determine whether at least one of the following has changed and / or receive from a second satellite an indication for determining whether at least one of the following has changed: the location of the second satellite (e.g., for a scheduled or predicted location); ground area coverage associated with the second satellite (e.g., from a scheduled or predicted ground area coverage); a base station associated with the second satellite; a feeder link providing communication between the second satellite and the associated base station; an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the second satellite; and a feeder link providing communication between the second satellite and the mobility management function.

[0184] At block 1004, base station 900 may transmit via satellite to user equipment (UE) an indication of one or more standard parameters associated with a satellite or one or more parameters associated with a satellite that vary depending on the satellite-cell configuration. For example, the base station may have received an indication from a second satellite and determined that no change has occurred to any of the one or more standard characteristics (e.g., scheduling parameters, predetermined parameters) associated with the second satellite. In response to determining that no change has occurred to any of the one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite, the base station may transmit an indication of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or its cell via at least one of the one or more satellites (e.g., the second satellite). The one or more standard parameters may include at least one of one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, or one or more beam information sets, ephemeris information, etc.

[0185] At box 1006, base station 900 can communicate with UE via a second satellite, while utilizing one or more selected standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell configuration.

[0186] As another example, the base station may have received an indication from a second satellite and determined that at least one change has occurred to one or more standard characteristics (e.g., scheduled parameters, predetermined parameters) associated with the second satellite. In response to determining that at least one change has occurred to one or more standard characteristics associated with the second satellite, the base station may transmit an indication of one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite or its cell via at least one of the one or more satellites (e.g., the second satellite).

[0187] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, transmitted from a base station to the UE via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), may be transmitted in a first System Information Block (SIB1). For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive SIB1 from the base station via another cell associated with the same satellite. SIB1 may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. As another example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a first satellite, the UE may receive SIB1 from the base station via a second cell associated with a second satellite. SIB1 may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if the UE determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires SIB1.

[0188] In some aspects, when an indication transmitted from a base station to a UE via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite) is transmitted in an SIB1 that includes one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may also include additional information indicating whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in the area including the second satellite, one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with the area including the second satellite, ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites, a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites, whether a change has occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc.

[0189] The UE can compare the received beam pattern information with the beam pattern information stored in the UE to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. The beam pattern profile identifier can indicate beam-specific information, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area ingress and egress, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc. Based on indications including one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the UE can read additional information contained in SIB1. In some aspects, the UE can also utilize system value tags associated with the second satellite and contained in SIB1.

[0190] In some aspects, SIB1 may also include group identifiers that identify one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to the UE. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, a group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When SIB1 is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite among one or more satellites) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. The UE can then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0191] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, transmitted from a base station to the UE via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), may be received in a Master Information Block (MIB). For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive the MIB from the base station via another cell associated with the same satellite. The MIB may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. As another example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a first satellite, the UE may receive the MIB from the base station via a second cell associated with a second satellite. The MIB may include one or more standard parameters associated with the other cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the other cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if the UE determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires the MIB.

[0192] In some aspects, when an indication transmitted from a base station to a UE via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite) is transmitted in a MIB that includes one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters may also include additional information indicating whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in an area including the second satellite, one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with an area including the second satellite, ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites, a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites, whether a change has occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc.

[0193] The UE can compare the received beam pattern information with the beam pattern information stored in the UE to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. The beam pattern profile identifier can indicate beam-specific information, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area ingress and egress, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc. Based on indications including one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite, the UE can read additional information contained in the MIB. In some aspects, the UE can also utilize system value tags associated with the second satellite and contained in the MIB.

[0194] In some aspects, the MIB may also include group identifiers that identify one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to the UE. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, a group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When the MIB is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite among one or more satellites) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. The UE can then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0195] In some aspects, the MIB may contain only one spare bit to indicate one or more standard parameters or one or more associated satellite-cell-specific parameters, one or more different beam patterns for current and / or future satellites, or the group identifier to which the cell belongs. For example, the intraFreqReselection field of the MIB may be repurposed to provide this indication using this single bit. The UE may assume or be configured such that the intraFreqReselection field is set to "allowed" or "disallowed" based on the cell type (e.g., LEO, GEO), thus potentially eliminating the need for additional signaling in the MIB for non-terrestrial networks. In some aspects, when using the MIB to provide the group identifier, the MIB may be scrambled with different groups of identifiers used by the UE to identify the group identifier to which the cell belongs. In some aspects, the UE may receive the MIB and use it to identify whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the cell. Subsequently, the UE may receive SIB1 identifying one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the cell.

[0196] In some aspects, indications of one or more standard parameters associated with the second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with the second satellite, transmitted from a base station to the UE via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), may be transmitted in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. For example, after entering idle mode on a first cell of a satellite, the UE may receive an RRC message (e.g., an RRC Release message) from the base station via the first cell. The RRC message may include indications that the UE wants to select a cell and acquire one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs) (including SIBs that vary from non-terrestrial networks) to obtain information that varies from satellite and beam. In some examples, the RRC message may include one or more standard parameters associated with another cell, or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with another cell, as described herein. In some aspects, after cell selection or reselection, if the UE determines that the cell belongs to a new satellite, the UE receives or acquires SIB1.

[0197] In some aspects, when an indication transmitted from a base station to the UE via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite) is received in an RRC message, the RRC message may also include additional information indicating whether: whether a current or future change has occurred or will occur to beam pattern information (e.g., beam center, beam elevation, beam polarization) associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites located in an area including the second satellite; one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites associated with an area including the second satellite; ephemeris associated with the second satellite or one or more other satellites; a list of one or more current or predicted future neighboring cells and / or satellites; whether changes have occurred to inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information, etc. The UE may compare the received beam pattern information with beam pattern information stored in the UE to determine whether the beam pattern information has changed. Beam pattern profiles can indicate information that varies from beam to beam, including beam diameter, minimum elevation angle at area entrance and area exit, beam center relative to satellite positioning, etc.

[0198] In some aspects, the RRC message may also include a group identifier that identifies one or more different satellite and / or beam groups that can be configured to the UE. Each of these groups may include a list of satellite and beam identifiers that share common access parameters and common configurations (e.g., common beam pattern, common paging). For example, the group identifier may include a first group indicating that a first beam and a second beam of a first satellite share common access parameters, a second group indicating that a third beam of a first satellite and a first beam of a second satellite share common access parameters, and a third group indicating that a second beam of a second satellite and a third beam of a second satellite share common access parameters. When an RRC message is received, the cell and / or satellite (e.g., a second satellite in one or more satellites) may provide access parameters by including only the group identifier associated with the cell and / or satellite. The UE can then determine the access parameters from a table that matches the received group identifier with the associated access parameters identified therein.

[0199] In some aspects, the UE may receive indications from the base station, based on its location via at least one of one or more satellites (e.g., a second satellite), of one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite. For example, beam-specific and / or satellite-specific configurations, as well as information described herein regarding SIB1, MIB, and RRC messages, may be associated with or fixed to a geographic ground area. The base station may determine the UE's location, identify a fixed tracking area identifier, virtual cell identifier, or terrestrial fixed cell identifier associated with the UE's location, and provide the UE with one or more standard parameters associated with a second satellite or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters associated with a second satellite based on the UE's location. The UE's location may be served by a specific gateway at a specific time. In some aspects, if the UE transitions from a first cell to a second cell or from a first satellite to a second satellite and the UE utilizes the same non-terrestrial area and the same gateway, the UE may assume that the SIB is shared by the cell and / or satellite. SIB, MIB, or dedicated RRC message signaling can provide the UE with an indication of whether the SIB configuration is fixed to a geographic region or tracking region. In some aspects, geographically varying SIB content can be provided via dedicated RRC message signaling.

[0200] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0201] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a non-terrestrial network, comprising: storing one or more standard parameters for accessing a cell associated with one or more satellites; selecting a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network; determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by a plurality of satellites including the first satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are used if it is determined that a change has occurred to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite; and communicating with a base station via the first satellite.

[0202] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1 further includes: in response to determining that a transition from a second cell associated with a second satellite is to be made, receiving a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell is based on whether the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are available, according to the first system information block identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0203] Aspect 3: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 2 further includes: receiving a first system information block identifying one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing a first cell; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell includes: identifying a list of one or more frequencies and one or more physical cell identifiers (PCIDs) associated with a first satellite, and identifying whether the list includes a frequency or physical cell identifier for accessing the first cell.

[0204] Aspect 4: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell to access the first cell includes: receiving a master information block (MIB) identifying whether the one or more standard parameters or the one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell is available.

[0205] Aspect 5: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the main information block uses signal bits to identify one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cellular level in a bit field.

[0206] Aspect 6: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 5 further includes: receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message that instructs the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell.

[0207] Aspect 7: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the radio resource control message further includes at least one change in the priority of one or more satellites including a first satellite or one or more cells including a first cell and a second cell, and the radio resource control message further instructs the UE to: release from active mode to idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell, and to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the at least one change in priority.

[0208] Aspect 8: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the radio resource control message further includes a group identifier for one or more satellite-cell groups for reselection initiated by the UE, wherein each of the one or more satellite-cell groups includes a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifiers sharing at least one of one or more identical access parameters or one or more identical beam configurations, and wherein the radio resource control message instructs the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the group identifier.

[0209] Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the radio resource control message further includes a list change instruction for at least one change to a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, reselection information regarding the neighbor cell list, reselection information regarding the inter-frequency list, or reselection information regarding the inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, and wherein the radio resource control message instructs the UE to release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the list change instruction.

[0210] Aspect 10: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the one or more standard parameters include at least one of the following: one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, one or more beam information sets, or ephemeris information or common parameters for one or more satellites or cells.

[0211] Aspect 11: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the one or more standard features include at least one of the following: the location of the first satellite, ground area coverage associated with the first satellite, indication of a base station associated with the first satellite, indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and the base station, indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and the access and mobility management function.

[0212] Aspect 12: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 11 further includes: receiving a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell; and wherein it is determined whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell to access the first cell based on the identification of the one or more standard parameters or the one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cell in the first system information block.

[0213] Aspect 13: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first system information block further includes a first indication of at least one of the following: a current or future change to beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in an area including the first satellite, or one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites in an area including the first satellite.

[0214] Aspect 14: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first system information block further includes a second indication of at least one of the following: ephemeris associated with the first satellite, beam pattern information associated with the first satellite, a list of one or more adjacent cells, or inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information.

[0215] Aspect 15: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first system information block further includes a system value label associated with at least the first satellite.

[0216] Aspect 16: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first system information block further includes a group identifier for identifying one or more satellite-cell groups for reselection initiated by the UE, wherein each of the one or more satellite-cell groups includes a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifiers that share at least one of one or more identical access parameters or one or more identical beam configurations.

[0217] Aspect 17: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 16 further includes: receiving a master information block indicating whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell to access the first cell, and receiving a first system information block indicating the one or more standard parameters or the one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell to access the first cell; and wherein determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell to access the first cell is based on the first system information block indicating whether to use one or more standard parameters or the one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell.

[0218] Aspect 18: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 17 further includes: identifying the release from active mode to idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell, and receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell includes: determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell based on the radio resource control message identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0219] Aspect 19: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein at least one of the one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary from satellite to cellular is associated with a fixed geographic area.

[0220] Aspect 20: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 19, wherein the fixed geographic area is determined based on one of a fixed tracking area identifier, a virtual cell identifier, or a fixed cell identifier.

[0221] Aspect 21: A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), comprising: a wireless transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: store one or more standard parameters for accessing a cell associated with one or more satellites; select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network; determine whether to use the one or more standard parameters or to use one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by multiple satellites including the first satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are used if it is determined that at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite has changed; and communicate with a base station via the first satellite.

[0222] Aspect 22: A method for wireless communication at a base station in a non-terrestrial network, the base station communicating with a user equipment (UE) via one or more satellites, the method comprising: transmitting one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite of the one or more satellites, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by a plurality of satellites including a second satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change in at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite; receiving a satellite-cell connection request for accessing the first cell from the UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters; and communicating with the UE via the first satellite.

[0223] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 22 further includes: transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) message that instructs the UE to release from active mode to idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell.

[0224] Aspect 24: The method of any one of Aspects 22 to 23, wherein the radio resource control message further includes at least one change in the priority of one or more satellites including a first satellite or one or more cells including a first cell and a second cell, and wherein the radio resource control message indicates that the UE releases from an active mode to an idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell, and selects the first cell associated with the first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the at least one change in priority.

[0225] Aspect 25: The method of any one of Aspects 22 to 23, wherein the radio resource control message further includes a list change instruction for at least one change to a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, reselection information regarding the neighbor cell list, reselection information regarding the inter-frequency list, or reselection information regarding the inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, and wherein the radio resource control message instructs the UE to release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and to select a first cell associated with a first satellite for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network based on the list change instruction.

[0226] Aspect 26: The method of any one of Aspects 22 to 25, wherein receiving a satellite-cell connection request for access to a first cell from the UE after determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell comprises: receiving the satellite-cell connection request for access to the first cell from the UE based on the one or more standard parameters for accessing the first cell when transmitting the one or more standard parameters for accessing the first cell, and receiving the satellite-cell connection request for access to the first cell from the UE based on the one or more parameters that vary depending on the satellite-cell when transmitting the one or more parameters for accessing the first cell.

[0227] Aspect 27: The method of any one of Aspects 22 to 26, wherein the one or more standard features include at least one of the following: the location of the first satellite, ground area coverage associated with the first satellite, indication of a base station associated with the first satellite, indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and the base station, indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and the access and mobility management function.

[0228] Aspect 28: The method of any one of Aspects 22 to 27, wherein transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite of the one or more satellites comprises: transmitting a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

[0229] Aspect 29: The method of any one of Aspects 22 to 28, wherein the first system information block further includes a first indication of at least one of the following: a current or future change to beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in an area including the first satellite, or one or more beam pattern profile identifiers of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites in an area including the first satellite.

[0230] Aspect 30: A base station in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) includes: a wireless transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: transmit one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell via a first cell associated with a first satellite among one or more satellites, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics shared by a plurality of satellites including a second satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are based on a change in at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the second satellite; receive a satellite-cell connection request for accessing the first cell from a UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters; and communicate with the UE via the first satellite.

[0231] As examples, various aspects can be implemented within other systems defined by 3GPP, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Packet System (EPS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and / or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). These aspects can also be extended to systems defined by 3GPP2 (3GPP2), such as CDMA2000 and / or Evolved Data Optimized (EV-DO). Other examples can be implemented within systems employing IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and / or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunications standards, network architecture, and / or communication standards employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.

[0232] Within this disclosure, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation or aspect described herein as "exemplary" need not be construed as superior to or better than other aspects of this disclosure. Similarly, the term "aspect" does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed. The term "coupling" is used herein to refer to direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically contacts object B, and object B contacts object C, then objects A and C can still be considered coupled to each other—even if they are not in direct physical contact. For example, a first object can be coupled to a second object, even if the first object never directly contacts the second object. The terms "circuit" and "circuit system" are used broadly and are intended to include both hardware implementations of electronic devices and conductors, and software implementations of information and instructions, which, when connected and configured, enable the performance of the functions described in this disclosure, without limitation on the type of electronic circuit, and which, when executed by a processor, enable the performance of the functions described in this disclosure.

[0233] Figure 1-10 One or more of the components, steps, features and / or functions described herein may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature or function, or implemented in several components, steps or functions. Additional stages, components, steps, and / or functions may also be added without departing from the novel features disclosed herein. Figure 1-10 The apparatus, devices, and / or components described herein can be configured to perform one or more methods, features, or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein can also be efficiently implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware.

[0234] It will be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the steps in the disclosed methods is an explanation of an exemplary process. Based on design preferences, it will be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the steps in these methods may be rearranged. The appended method claims present the stages of various steps in a sample order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless specifically stated herein.

[0235] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will readily be understood by those skilled in the art, and the universal principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be granted the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein references to the singular form of a stage are not intended to mean “one and only one”—unless specifically stated otherwise—but are intended to mean “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some / a” refers to one or more. The phrase “at least one of” referring to a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b, and c. All structural and functional equivalents of the various stages of the aspects described throughout this disclosure that are currently or hereafter known to a person skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be donated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly stated in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) in a non-terrestrial network, comprising: receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message indicating that the UE is to release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and selecting the first cell associated with a first satellite for the wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network based on a group identification identifying one or more satellite-cell group for initiating reselection by the UE; selecting the first cell associated with the first satellite for wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network; determining whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics common to a plurality of satellites including the first satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters are used if a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite is determined to have occurred; and communicating with a network node via the first satellite.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to determining to transition from a second cell associated with a second satellite, receiving a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell is based on whether the first system information block identifies the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters are available.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a first system information block identifying the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters for accessing the first cell; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell comprises: identifying a list of one or more frequencies and one or more physical cell identifications (PCIDs) associated with the first satellite, and identifying whether a frequency or physical cell identification for accessing the first cell is included in the list.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell comprises: receiving a master information block (MIB) identifying whether the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters are available.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, the master information block utilizes a signal bit to identify the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters in a bit field.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The radio resource control message further includes at least one change of a priority of one or more satellites including the first satellite or one or more cells including the first cell and the second cell, and The radio resource control message further indicates the UE: to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on the at least one change of the priority.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more satellite-cell groups each comprise a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifications that share at least one of one or more same access parameters or one or more same beam configurations.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The radio resource control message further includes a list change indication of at least one change of a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, reselection information regarding a neighbor cell list, reselection information regarding an inter-frequency list, or reselection information regarding an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, and wherein: The radio resource control message indicates the UE to release from the active mode to the idle mode on the second cell prior to selecting the first cell, and to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on the list change indication.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The one or more standard parameters comprise at least one of: one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, one or more beam information sets, or ephemeris information or common parameters for one or more satellites or cells.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The one or more standard characteristics comprise at least one of: a location of the first satellite, a terrestrial area coverage associated with the first satellite, an indication of the network node associated with the first satellite, an indication of a feeder link providing communications between the first satellite and the network node, an indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or an indication of a feeder link providing communications between the first satellite and an access and mobility management function.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell is based on the first system information block identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The first system information block further includes a first indication of at least one of: a current change or a future change to beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in a region including the first satellite, or a current change or a future change to a satellite-cell configuration associated with the first satellite. one or more beam pattern profile identifications of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites associated with the region including the first satellite.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein, the first system information block further includes a second indication of at least one of: an almanac associated with the first satellite, beam pattern information associated with the first satellite, a list of one or more neighbor cells, or inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein, the first system information block further includes a system value tag associated with at least the first satellite.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein, the first system information block further includes a group identification identifying one or more satellite-cell groups for initiating reselection by the UE, wherein the one or more satellite-cell groups each include a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifications sharing at least one of one or more same access parameters or one or more same beam configurations.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a master information block identifying whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell, and receiving a first system information block identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell is based on the first system information block identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell prior to selecting the first cell, and receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell comprises: determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell based on the radio resource control message identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein, at least one of the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters is associated with a fixed geographic region.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, the fixed geographic region is determined based on one of a fixed tracking area identification, a virtual cell identification, or a fixed cell identification.

20. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), comprising: a wireless transceiver; a memory; and ​ a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receive a radio resource control (RRC) message indicating that the UE is to release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and select the first cell associated with a first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on identifying a group identification of one or more satellite-cell groups for initiating reselection by the UE; select the first cell associated with the first satellite for wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network; determine whether to use one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics common to a plurality of satellites including the first satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are used if a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite is determined to have occurred; and communicate with a network node via the first satellite.

21. The UE of claim 20, the processor further configured to: receive a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters in response to determining to transition from a second cell associated with a second satellite; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell is based on the first system information block identifying whether the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are available.

22. The UE of claim 20, the processor further configured to: receive a first system information block identifying the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters for accessing the first cell; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell comprises: identifying a list of one or more frequencies and one or more physical cell identifications (PCIDs) associated with the first satellite, and identifying whether a frequency or physical cell identification for accessing the first cell is included in the list.

23. The UE of claim 20, wherein, the processor configured to determine whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters to access the first cell is further configured to: receive a master information block (MIB) identifying whether the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters are available.

24. The UE of claim 23, wherein, the master information block utilizes a signal bit to identify the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell-specific parameters in a bit field.

25. The UE of claim 20, wherein, The radio resource control message further includes at least one change of a priority of one or more satellites including the first satellite or one or more cells including the first cell and the second cell, and The radio resource control message further indicates the UE: to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on the at least one change of the priority.

26. The UE of claim 20, wherein the one or more satellite-cell groups each comprise a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifications that share at least one of one or more same access parameters or one or more same beam configurations.

27. The UE of claim 20, wherein, The radio resource control message further includes a list change indication of at least one change of a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, reselection information regarding a neighbor cell list, reselection information regarding an inter-frequency list, or reselection information regarding an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, and wherein: The radio resource control message indicates the UE to release from the active mode to the idle mode on the second cell prior to selecting the first cell and to select the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on the list change indication.

28. The UE of claim 20, wherein, The one or more standard parameters include at least one of: one or more satellite-cell access parameters, one or more satellite-cell configurations, one or more beam information sets, or ephemeris information or common parameters for one or more satellites or cells.

29. The UE of claim 20, wherein, The one or more standard characteristics include at least one of: a location of the first satellite, a terrestrial area coverage associated with the first satellite, an indication of the network node associated with the first satellite, an indication of a feeder link providing communications between the first satellite and the network node, an indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or an indication of a feeder link providing communications between the first satellite and an access and mobility management function.

30. The UE of claim 20, the processor further configured to: receive a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters; and wherein the determination of whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell is based on whether the first system information block identifies the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters.

31. The UE of claim 30, wherein, The first system information block further includes a first indication of at least one of: a current change or a future change to beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in an area including the first satellite, or a current change or a future change to a satellite-cell configuration associated with the first satellite, or a current change or a future change to a satellite-cell access parameter associated with the first satellite. one or more beam pattern profile identifications of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites associated with the region including the first satellite.

32. The UE of claim 30, wherein, the first system information block further includes a second indication of at least one of: an almanac associated with the first satellite, beam pattern information associated with the first satellite, a list of one or more neighbor cells, or inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell reselection information.

33. The UE of claim 30, wherein, the first system information block further includes a system value tag associated with at least the first satellite.

34. The UE of claim 30, wherein, the first system information block further includes a group identification identifying one or more satellite-cell groups for initiating reselection by the UE, wherein the one or more satellite-cell groups each include a list of one or more satellites and one or more beam identifications sharing at least one of one or more same access parameters or one or more same beam configurations.

35. The UE of claim 20, the processor further configured to: receive a master information block identifying whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell, and receive a first system information block identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell is based on the first system information block identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters.

36. The UE of claim 20, the processor further configured to: identify a release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell prior to selecting the first cell, and receive a radio resource control (RRC) message identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters; and wherein determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell comprises: determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters to access the first cell based on the radio resource control message identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters.

37. The UE of claim 20, wherein, at least one of the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters is associated with a fixed geographic region.

38. The UE of claim 37, wherein, the fixed geographic region is determined based on one of a fixed tracking area identification, a virtual cell identification, or a fixed cell identification. the fixed geographic region is determined based on one of a fixed tracking area identification, a virtual cell identification, or a fixed cell identification.

39. A method for wireless communication at a network node in a non-terrestrial network, the network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) via one or more satellites, the method comprising: transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) message indicating that the UE is to release from an active mode to an idle mode on a second cell before selecting a first cell, and selecting the first cell associated with a first satellite for the wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network based on identifying a group identification of one or more satellite-cell groups for initiating reselection by the UE; transmitting, via the first cell associated with the first satellite of the one or more satellites, one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cell specific parameters for accessing the first cell, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics common to a plurality of satellites including the first satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite; receiving, from the UE via the first satellite after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters, a satellite-cell connection request to access the first cell; and communicating with the UE via the first satellite.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein, the RRC message further includes at least one change in a priority of one or more satellites including the first satellite or one or more cells including the first cell and the second cell, and wherein the RRC message indicates that the UE is to release from the active mode to the idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell, and selecting the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network based on the at least one change in the priority.

41. The method of claim 39, wherein, the RRC message further includes a list change indication of at least one change to a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, reselection information regarding a neighbor cell list, reselection information regarding an inter-frequency list, or reselection information regarding an inter-RAT list, and wherein the RRC message indicates that the UE is to release from the active mode to the idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell, and selecting the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communication in the non-terrestrial network based on the list change indication.

42. The method of claim 39, wherein, receiving, from the UE after determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters, the satellite-cell connection request to access the first cell comprises: based on the one or more standard parameters, receiving, from the UE, the satellite-cellular cell connection request to access the first satellite-cellular cell when the one or more satellite-cellular cell specific parameters are transmitted for accessing the first satellite-cellular cell, and based on the one or more standard parameters, receiving, from the UE, the satellite-cellular cell connection request to access the first satellite-cellular cell when the one or more satellite-cellular cell specific parameters are transmitted for accessing the first satellite-cellular cell.

43. The method of claim 39, wherein, the one or more standard characteristics include at least one of a location of the first satellite, a ground area coverage associated with the first satellite, an indication of a network node associated with the first satellite, an indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and a network node, an indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or an indication of a feeder link providing communication between the first satellite and an access and mobility management function.

44. The method of claim 39, wherein, transmitting, via the first satellite-cellular cell associated with the first satellite of the one or more satellites, the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cellular cell specific parameters for accessing the first satellite-cellular cell includes: transmitting a first system information block (SIB1) identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cellular cell specific parameters.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein, the first system information block further includes a first indication of at least one of: a current change or a future change to beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in a region including the first satellite, or one or more beam pattern profile identifications of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites associated with the region including the first satellite.

46. A network node in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), comprising: a wireless transceiver; a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: transmit a radio resource control (RRC) message indicating that a UE is to be released from an active mode to an idle mode on a second satellite-cellular cell prior to selecting a first satellite-cellular cell and select the first satellite-cellular cell associated with a first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on a group identification identifying one or more satellite-cellular cell groups for initiating reselection by the UE; transmit, via the first satellite-cellular cell associated with the first satellite of the one or more satellites, one or more standard parameters or one or more satellite-cellular cell specific parameters for accessing the first satellite-cellular cell, wherein the one or more standard parameters are based on one or more standard characteristics common to a plurality of satellites including the first satellite, and wherein the one or more satellite-cellular cell specific parameters are based on a change to at least one of the one or more standard characteristics of the first satellite, ​ receive, from the UE via the first satellite, a satellite-cellular connection request to access the first cell after transmitting the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters, and communicate with the UE via the first satellite.

47. The network node of claim 46, wherein, The radio resource control message further includes at least one change in a priority of one or more satellites including the first satellite or one or more cells including the first cell and the second cell, and wherein the radio resource control message indicates that the UE is to release from the active mode to the idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell and select the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on the at least one change in the priority.

48. The network node of claim 46, wherein, The radio resource control message further includes a list change indication of at least one change in a neighbor cell list, an inter-frequency list, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, reselection information regarding a neighbor cell list, reselection information regarding an inter-frequency list, or reselection information regarding an inter-radio access technology (RAT) list, and wherein the radio resource control message indicates that the UE is to release from the active mode to the idle mode on the second cell before selecting the first cell and select the first cell associated with the first satellite for the wireless communications in the non-terrestrial network based on the list change indication.

49. The network node of claim 46, wherein, The processor configured to receive, from the UE, the satellite-cellular connection request to access the first cell after determining whether to use the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters is further configured to: receive, from the UE, the satellite-cellular connection request to access the first cell based on the one or more standard parameters when transmitting the one or more standard parameters for accessing the first cell, and receive, from the UE, the satellite-cellular connection request to access the first cell based on the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters when transmitting the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters for accessing the first cell.

50. The network node of claim 46, wherein, The one or more standard characteristics include at least one of a location of the first satellite, a terrestrial area coverage associated with the first satellite, an indication of a network node associated with the first satellite, an indication of a feeder link providing communications between the first satellite and a network node, an indication of an access and mobility management function (AMF) associated with the first satellite, or an indication of a feeder link providing communications between the first satellite and an access and mobility management function.

51. The network node of claim 46, wherein, the processor configured to communicate the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters for accessing the first cell via the first cell associated with the first satellite of the one or more satellites is further configured to: communicate a first system information block, SIB1, identifying the one or more standard parameters or the one or more satellite-cell specific parameters.

52. The network node of claim 51, wherein, the first system information block further includes a first indication of at least one of: a current change or a future change to beam pattern information associated with one or more other satellites located in a region including the first satellite, or one or more beam pattern profile identifications of one or more beam pattern profiles associated with one or more other satellites associated with the region including the first satellite.

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