A shallow hole blasting excavation construction method for limestone mine horizontal roadway

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of shallow hole blasting excavation construction methods of limestone horizontal roadway, roadway section is divided into upper section and lower section, roadway upper section is arched, and lower section is rectangular, and construction steps include: (1) roadway lower section drills parallel shallow hole;(2) roadway lower section fills explosive;(3) blasthole fills loess;(4) roadway lower section blasting excavation footage;(5) roadway upper section and lower section after slagging simultaneously drill parallel shallow hole;(6) roadway upper section and lower section fill explosive;(7) blasthole fills loess;(8) roadway upper section and lower section blasting excavation footage;Step (5) to (8) are sequentially repeated to carry out limestone horizontal roadway shallow hole blasting excavation construction.The all drilling holes in the application are parallel shallow holes, and upper section has 2 blasting free surfaces, and lower section advanced excavation can provide more free surfaces, and upper section blasting can ensure excavation footage, which greatly improves section excavation footage efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a shallow-hole blasting excavation method for horizontal roadways in limestone mines, belonging to the technical field of underground mining engineering and blasting engineering. Background Technology

[0002] For horizontal tunnel excavation in underground metal and non-metal mines, the commonly used methods are: drilling and blasting (drill and blast method) and mechanical tunneling. Among them, drilling and blasting remains the most widely used method for horizontal tunnel excavation in underground metal and non-metal mines.

[0003] The main procedures of studying blasting methods include construction steps such as rock drilling, blasting, rock loading, and support. It also includes work such as ventilation, drainage, pipe connection, lighting, and measurement at the working face. From the start of rock drilling to the completion of rock loading and support (which is not mandatory), it is a tunneling cycle, and the tunnel is thus excavated forward a certain distance.

[0004] The construction process of rock drilling and blasting includes tunneling procedures and tools and equipment. Tunneling procedures include drilling, charging and connecting, blasting and ventilation, support, rock loading and transportation, and tunneling. Tools and equipment include rock drills, explosives, local ventilation fans, rock loaders, anchors, spray guns, nets, frames, digital electronic detonators, scrapers, and transport vehicles.

[0005] Although the above-mentioned conventional single-line operation has the advantages of each process not interfering with each other and convenient organization and management, the construction efficiency is low, and the drilling and charging efficiency is low due to the limitation of the working section. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a shallow-hole blasting excavation method for horizontal roadways in limestone mines, which offers high efficiency and short operation time. The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows:

[0007] A shallow-hole blasting excavation method for a horizontal roadway in a limestone mine, wherein the roadway cross-section is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section being arched and the lower section being rectangular, and the construction steps include:

[0008] (1) Drill parallel shallow holes in the lower section of the roadway: Drill a central hole starting from the center point of the lower section of the roadway, and drill 8 core holes around the central hole. The line connecting the 8 core holes forms a square. The central hole is located at the center of the square connecting the 8 core holes. Drill 2 intermediate auxiliary holes above the middle of the 8 core holes, and drill 1 intermediate auxiliary hole below the middle of the 8 core holes. Arrange 3 inner auxiliary holes, 3 secondary inner auxiliary holes, 3 secondary outer auxiliary holes and 3 outer auxiliary holes from the inside to the outside on the left and right sides of the 8 core holes, respectively.

[0009] (2) Loading explosives into the lower section of the tunnel: Step (1) All parallel shallow holes except the central hole are divided into inner loading sections and outer filling sections. Explosives are loaded into the loading sections using bamboo poles or wooden sticks.

[0010] (3) Filling the blast holes with loess: Fill the filling section of the parallel shallow holes other than the central hole in step (2) with loess;

[0011] (4) Blasting and excavation progress of the lower section of the roadway: The delayed detonation sequence of the lower section of the roadway is as follows: core hole → middle auxiliary hole at the bottom above the core hole → inner auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → inner auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole → middle auxiliary hole at the top above the core hole and secondary inner auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → middle auxiliary hole below the core hole and secondary inner auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole → secondary outer auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → secondary outer auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole → outer auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → outer auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole. The limestone in the lower half of the roadway section is blasted and broken, and then loaded with rock and discharged slag.

[0012] (5) Simultaneously drill parallel shallow holes on the upper section of the roadway and the lower section after slag removal: drill parallel shallow holes on the lower section of the roadway according to step (1), and drill 3 lower row pressure auxiliary holes, 3 middle row pressure auxiliary holes and 3 upper row pressure auxiliary holes from bottom to top on the upper section of the roadway.

[0013] (6) Loading explosives into the upper and lower sections of the tunnel: Step (5) All parallel shallow holes except the central hole are divided into inner loading sections and outer filling sections. Explosives are loaded into the loading sections using bamboo poles or wooden sticks.

[0014] (7) Filling the blast holes with loess: Fill the filling section of the parallel shallow holes other than the central hole in step (6) with loess;

[0015] (8) Blasting and excavation progress of the upper and lower sections of the roadway: First, the lower section of the roadway is detonated with a delay in step (4). Then, the detonation sequence of the upper section of the roadway is: lower row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the middle position → lower row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the left and right positions → middle row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the middle position → middle row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the left and right positions → upper row of auxiliary holes for top pressure. The limestone at the top of the lower half and upper section of the roadway is blasted and broken, and then loaded with rock and discharged slag.

[0016] Steps (5) to (8) are repeated sequentially to carry out shallow hole blasting excavation of limestone horizontal tunnels.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment: three intermediate auxiliary holes are arranged in a row, with the uppermost intermediate auxiliary hole located at the boundary between the upper and lower sections.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment: the position of the uppermost inner auxiliary hole is lower than that of the uppermost secondary inner auxiliary hole.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the hole spacing between adjacent core holes is 30cm.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the vertical spacing between adjacent holes in the inner row of auxiliary holes, the vertical spacing between adjacent holes in the outer row of auxiliary holes, and the vertical spacing between adjacent holes in the outer row of auxiliary holes are all 75cm.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the hole spacing between adjacent inner auxiliary holes and secondary inner auxiliary holes, the hole spacing between adjacent secondary inner auxiliary holes and secondary outer auxiliary holes, and the hole spacing between adjacent secondary outer auxiliary holes and outer auxiliary holes is 55cm.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment: the explosive is a strip-shaped φ32 ammonium nitrate explosive, and the explosive consumption is 0.45 kg / m³. 3 .

[0023] In a preferred embodiment: the loess is slightly moist, free of sand and gravel, and the total length of the filling is 0.8 to 1.0 m.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment: the central hole has a depth of 2.7m and a diameter of 42mm; the core-removing hole has a depth of 2.5m and a diameter of 42mm; the core-removing hole, the intermediate auxiliary hole, the inner auxiliary hole, the secondary inner auxiliary hole, the secondary outer auxiliary hole and the outer auxiliary hole, the lower row pressure-coupling auxiliary hole, the middle row pressure-coupling auxiliary hole and the upper row pressure-coupling auxiliary hole all have a depth of 2.5m and a diameter of 42mm.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the detonation delay is 17ms.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, this technical solution has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. In this invention, all boreholes are parallel shallow holes, and there are two blasting free faces in the upper section. The advanced excavation of the lower section can provide more free faces. After the upper section is blasted, the excavation footage can be guaranteed, which greatly improves the excavation footage efficiency of the section, avoids over-blasting and under-blasting, and has a high excavation footage rate in horizontal roadways and high cycle operation efficiency.

[0028] 2. Delayed detonation, with separate blasting free surfaces on the upper and lower sections, not only ensures high rock blasting efficiency but also guarantees a looser post-blast pile, which is beneficial for improving loading efficiency.

[0029] 3. Operators can be divided into two groups to carry out drilling and charging operations on the upper and lower sections simultaneously, which can avoid crowding and greatly improve operational safety. At the same time, charging the upper and lower sections separately can greatly reduce the charging time for a single cycle and improve tunneling efficiency.

[0030] 4. This invention uses φ32 ammonium nitrate explosive. The length of the explosive charge is controlled by controlling the number of strip-shaped explosive packets, which can effectively control the amount of explosive. The explosive charge rod is made of bamboo or wooden sticks, which can meet the operation requirements of the confined space underground.

[0031] 5. The present invention uses fine loess for filling, which can ensure the compactness of the filling, ensure the filling quality, and reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding rock of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the tunnel's cross-section is shown.

[0034] Figure 2 A diagram showing the hole layout of the lower section of the tunnel is provided.

[0035] Figure 3 A diagram showing the detonation sequence at the lower section of the tunnel is provided.

[0036] Figure 4 A diagram showing the cross-sectional layout of holes in the tunnel is provided.

[0037] Figure 5 A diagram showing the detonation sequence of the cross-section in the tunnel is provided.

[0038] Figure 6 A longitudinal section of the tunnel cyclic excavation face is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 A shallow-hole blasting excavation method for horizontal roadways in limestone mines, wherein the roadway cross-section is divided into upper section A and lower section B, upper section A is arched and lower section B is rectangular, and the construction steps include:

[0040] (1) Drill parallel shallow holes in the lower section B of the roadway: Drill a central hole 01 starting from the center point of the lower section of the roadway. Drill eight core-removing holes 02 around the central hole. The line connecting the eight core-removing holes forms a square, and the central hole is located at the exact center of the square formed by the line connecting the eight core-removing holes. Drill two intermediate auxiliary holes 03 above the middle of the eight core-removing holes 02, and drill one intermediate auxiliary hole 03 below the middle of the eight core-removing holes 02. Arrange three inner auxiliary holes 04, three secondary inner auxiliary holes 05, three secondary outer auxiliary holes 06, and three outer auxiliary holes 07 from the inside out on the left and right sides of the eight core-removing holes 02, respectively.

[0041] (2) Loading explosives into the lower section of the tunnel: Step (1) Other parallel shallow holes, except for the central hole 01, namely holes 02-07, are divided into inner loading sections and outer filling sections. Explosives are loaded into the loading sections using bamboo poles or wooden sticks.

[0042] (3) Filling the blast holes with loess: For the other parallel shallow holes in step (2) except for the central hole 01, i.e., holes 02-07, fill the filling section with loess;

[0043] (4) Excavation progress of blasting at section B of the tunnel: such as Figure 3 As shown, the delayed detonation sequence of the lower section B of the tunnel is as follows: core hole 02 → middle auxiliary hole 03 at the bottom above the core hole → inner auxiliary hole 04 at the middle position on both sides of the core hole → inner auxiliary hole 04 at the top and bottom positions on both sides of the core hole → middle auxiliary hole 03 at the top above the core hole and secondary inner auxiliary hole 05 at the middle position on both sides of the core hole → middle auxiliary hole 03 below the core hole and secondary inner auxiliary hole 05 at the top and bottom positions on both sides of the core hole → secondary outer auxiliary hole 06 at the middle position on both sides of the core hole → secondary outer auxiliary hole 06 at the top and bottom positions on both sides of the core hole → outer auxiliary hole 07 at the middle position on both sides of the core hole → outer auxiliary hole 07 at the top and bottom positions on both sides of the core hole. This process breaks up the limestone in the lower half of the tunnel section, loads the rock, and removes the slag.

[0044] (5) Simultaneously drill parallel shallow holes in the upper section A of the roadway and the lower section B after slag removal: drill parallel shallow holes in the lower section B of the roadway according to step (1), and drill 3 lower row pressure auxiliary holes 08, 3 middle row pressure auxiliary holes 09 and 3 upper row pressure auxiliary holes 010 from bottom to top in the upper section A of the roadway.

[0045] (6) Loading explosives into the upper and lower sections of the tunnel: Step (5) All parallel shallow holes except the central hole are divided into inner loading sections and outer filling sections. Explosives are loaded into the loading sections using bamboo poles or wooden sticks.

[0046] (7) Filling the blast holes with loess: Fill the filling section of the parallel shallow holes other than the central hole in step (6) with loess;

[0047] (8) Blasting and excavation progress of the upper and lower sections of the roadway: First, the lower section of the roadway is detonated in step (4) with a delay. Then, the detonation sequence of the upper section A of the roadway is: the lower row of top pressure auxiliary holes 08 in the middle position → the lower row of top pressure auxiliary holes 08 in the left and right positions → the middle row of top pressure auxiliary holes 09 in the middle position → the middle row of top pressure auxiliary holes 09 in the left and right positions → the upper row of top pressure auxiliary holes 010. The limestone at the top of the lower half and upper section of the roadway is blasted and broken, and then loaded with rock and discharged slag.

[0048] Steps (5) to (8) are repeated sequentially to carry out shallow hole blasting excavation of limestone horizontal tunnels.

[0049] Understandably, for those skilled in the art, considering the errors in actual construction, these parallel shallow holes arranged in rows or lines do not necessarily mean they must be in a straight line, and slight deviations do not affect the understanding of rows or lines by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, for those skilled in the art, shallow holes refer to blast holes with a depth of less than 5 meters.

[0050] Preferably, the three intermediate auxiliary holes 03 are arranged in a row, with the uppermost intermediate auxiliary hole located at the boundary between the upper section A and the lower section B.

[0051] Preferably, the position of the uppermost inner auxiliary hole 04 is lower than that of the uppermost secondary inner auxiliary hole 05.

[0052] Preferably, the hole spacing between adjacent core-removing holes 20 is 30cm, but it can also be between 25cm and 35cm.

[0053] Preferably, the vertical spacing between adjacent holes of the inner auxiliary hole 05, the vertical spacing between adjacent holes of the outer auxiliary hole 06, and the vertical spacing between adjacent holes of the outer auxiliary hole 07 are all 75cm. Of course, it can also be between 70cm and 80cm.

[0054] Preferably, the hole spacing between adjacent inner auxiliary holes 04 and secondary inner auxiliary holes 05, the hole spacing between adjacent secondary inner auxiliary holes 05 and secondary outer auxiliary holes 06, and the hole spacing between adjacent secondary outer auxiliary holes 06 and outer auxiliary holes 07 is 55cm. Of course, it can also be between 50cm and 60cm.

[0055] Preferably, the explosive is a strip-shaped φ32 ammonium nitrate explosive, and the explosive consumption per unit volume is 0.45 kg / m³. 3 .

[0056] Preferably, the loess is slightly moist, free of sand and gravel, and the total length of the filling is 0.8 to 1.0 m.

[0057] Preferably, the central hole 01 has a depth of 2.7m and a diameter of 42mm; the core hole 02, the intermediate auxiliary hole 03, the inner auxiliary hole 04, the secondary inner auxiliary hole 05, the secondary outer auxiliary hole 06 and the outer auxiliary hole 07, the lower row pressure auxiliary hole 08, the middle row pressure auxiliary hole 09 and the upper row pressure auxiliary hole 010 all have a depth of 2.5m and a diameter of 42mm.

[0058] Preferably, the detonation delay is 17ms.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent and the contents of the specification should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow-hole blasting excavation method for horizontal roadways in limestone mines, wherein the roadway cross-section is divided into an upper cross-section and a lower cross-section, the upper cross-section being arched and the lower cross-section being rectangular, characterized in that: The construction steps include: (1) Drill parallel shallow holes in the lower section of the roadway: Drill a central hole starting from the center point of the lower section of the roadway, and drill 8 core holes around the central hole. The line connecting the 8 core holes forms a square. The central hole is located at the center of the square connecting the 8 core holes. Drill 2 intermediate auxiliary holes above the middle of the 8 core holes, and drill 1 intermediate auxiliary hole below the middle of the 8 core holes. Arrange 3 inner auxiliary holes, 3 secondary inner auxiliary holes, 3 secondary outer auxiliary holes and 3 outer auxiliary holes from the inside to the outside on the left and right sides of the 8 core holes, respectively. (2) Loading explosives into the lower section of the tunnel: Step (1) All parallel shallow holes except the central hole are divided into inner loading sections and outer filling sections. Explosives are loaded into the loading sections using bamboo poles or wooden sticks. (3) Filling the blast holes with loess: Fill the filling section with loess for the parallel shallow holes other than the central hole in step (2); (4) Blasting and excavation progress of the lower section of the roadway: The delayed detonation sequence of the lower section of the roadway is as follows: core hole → middle auxiliary hole at the bottom above the core hole → inner auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → inner auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole → middle auxiliary hole at the top above the core hole and secondary inner auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → middle auxiliary hole below the core hole and secondary inner auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole → secondary outer auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → secondary outer auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole → outer auxiliary hole at the middle position on the left and right sides of the core hole → outer auxiliary hole at the upper and lower positions on the left and right sides of the core hole. The limestone in the lower half of the roadway section is blasted and broken, and then loaded with rock and discharged slag. (5) Simultaneously drill parallel shallow holes on the upper section of the roadway and the lower section after slag removal: drill parallel shallow holes on the lower section of the roadway according to step (1), and drill 3 lower row pressure auxiliary holes, 3 middle row pressure auxiliary holes and 3 upper row pressure auxiliary holes from bottom to top on the upper section of the roadway. (6) Loading explosives into the upper and lower sections of the tunnel: In step (5), all parallel shallow holes except the central hole are divided into inner loading sections and outer filling sections. Explosives are loaded into the loading sections using bamboo poles or wooden sticks. (7) Filling the blast holes with loess: Fill the filling section with loess for the parallel shallow holes other than the central hole in step (6); (8) Blasting and excavation progress of the upper and lower sections of the roadway: First, the lower section of the roadway is detonated with a delay according to step (4). Then, the detonation sequence of the upper section of the roadway is: lower row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the middle position → lower row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the left and right positions → middle row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the middle position → middle row of auxiliary holes for top pressure in the left and right positions → upper row of auxiliary holes for top pressure. The limestone at the top of the lower half and upper section of the roadway is blasted and broken, and then loaded with rock and discharged slag. Steps (5) to (8) are repeated sequentially to carry out shallow hole blasting excavation of limestone horizontal tunnels.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three intermediate auxiliary holes are arranged in a row, with the uppermost intermediate auxiliary hole located at the boundary between the upper and lower sections.

3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The position of the uppermost inner auxiliary hole should be lower than the uppermost secondary inner auxiliary hole.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent core-removing holes is 30cm.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical spacing between adjacent holes in the inner auxiliary hole, the vertical spacing between adjacent holes in the outer auxiliary hole, and the vertical spacing between adjacent holes in the outer auxiliary hole are all 75 cm.

6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hole spacing between adjacent inner auxiliary holes and secondary inner auxiliary holes, the hole spacing between adjacent secondary inner auxiliary holes and secondary outer auxiliary holes, and the hole spacing between adjacent secondary outer auxiliary holes and outer auxiliary holes are all 55 cm.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive is a strip-shaped φ32 ammonium nitrate explosive, with a single explosive consumption of 0.45 kg / m³. 3 .

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The loess is slightly damp, contains no sand or gravel, and the total length of the fill is 0.8 to 1.0 m.

9. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central hole has a depth of 2.7m and a diameter of 42mm; the core hole, intermediate auxiliary hole, inner auxiliary hole, secondary inner auxiliary hole, secondary outer auxiliary hole and outer auxiliary hole, lower row pressure auxiliary hole, middle row pressure auxiliary hole and upper row pressure auxiliary hole all have a depth of 2.5m and a diameter of 42mm.

10. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation delay is 17ms.

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