An optical splitter

Abstract

The application provides an optical splitter and relates to the technical field of communication equipment.The application monitors a passive optical communication link through an active optical communication monitoring circuit, and carries out isolated sampling and isolated control through an isolated sampling control unit;the PON network is ensured not to be affected by active equipment, and the introduction of electromagnetic interference is avoided through a mechanical switch, the optical signal can be monitored in real time while ensuring that the PON network is passive, ROSA elements, optical isolators and the like can ensure that the whole process is active and passive isolation;the optical splitter topology network is formed by connecting the Internet of Things communication unit with the Internet of Things cloud platform;the characteristic optical signal acquired by the first monitoring unit is counted by each optical splitter, and topology sensing is realized;the monitoring of monitoring parameter abnormalities, equipment operation abnormalities and transmission line abnormalities is realized through monitoring parameters, breathing signals and topology sequences;abnormal isolation is realized through the optical splitter acquiring the monitoring parameter abnormalities and the topology sequence abnormal section of the transmission line abnormalities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication equipment technology, and in particular to an optical splitter. Background Technology

[0002] As investment in fiber optic communication shifts from communication backbones, metropolitan area networks (MANs), local area networks (LANs), and dedicated networks towards FTTP and FTTH, the demand for optical splitters—the core optical component of FTTH—will continue to expand. An optical splitter, also known as a beam splitter, is a fiber optic junction device with multiple input and output ports. Based on their splitting principle, optical splitters can be divided into two types: fused biconical tapered (FBT) and planar waveguide (PLC) type. Their function is to split optical signals.

[0003] Optical splitters, as passive devices, are widely used in PON networks. Passive Optical Network (PON) is a pure medium network that avoids electromagnetic interference and lightning strikes from external devices, reduces the failure rate of lines and external devices, improves system reliability, and saves maintenance costs. It is a technology that telecommunications maintenance departments have long awaited.

[0004] A large number of optical splitters exist in PON networks, so they need to be inspected and troubleshooted. However, since directly connecting external electronic devices can affect the stability of the optical network, at present, maintenance personnel are usually assigned to a certain area to manually inspect and troubleshoot. However, manual inspection and troubleshooting consumes a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an optical splitter to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address one of the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an optical splitter deployed in a PON network, comprising: a single optical input interface, a passive optical communication link, an active optical communication monitoring circuit, an isolation sampling control unit, N optical control units, and N optical output interfaces; the single optical input interface, the passive optical communication link, and the N optical output interfaces are sequentially optically connected; the active optical communication monitoring circuit, through the isolation sampling control unit, performs optical path signal acquisition and monitoring on the passive optical communication link and controls the optical path signal output of the N optical output interfaces; wherein, the passive optical communication link includes: a 1 / 2 optical splitter, an adjustable optical splitter, an adjustable optical splitter monitor, and N+1 optical splitters;

[0007] The optical input signal enters the passive optical communication link through the single-channel optical input interface. The 1 / 2 optical splitter splits the optical input signal according to a fixed splitting ratio, obtaining the main optical input signal and the optical input acquisition signal. The main optical input signal enters the adjustable optical splitter, and the optical input acquisition signal is output. The adjustable optical splitter splits the main optical input signal according to an adjustable splitting ratio, obtaining N optical split signals. The adjustable optical splitter monitor receives the N optical split signals and splits them according to a fixed splitting ratio to obtain the N main optical split signals. The system receives N optical input signals and N optical branch acquisition signals; the N optical branch acquisition signals are selected according to the monitoring optical path, and any one of the signals is acquired to obtain one optical branch acquisition signal; the N optical branch main signals and the one optical branch acquisition signal are respectively input to each optical branch to obtain N+1 optical branches; the N+1 optical branches output the one optical branch acquisition signal and the N optical branch main signals respectively; the active optical communication monitoring circuit receives the optical input acquisition signal and the one optical branch acquisition signal through the isolation sampling control unit, and the N optical control unit receives the N optical branch main signals.

[0008] As a further solution, the adjustable optical splitter monitor includes: N optical splitter interfaces, a 1 / 2 optical splitter array, an N / 1 optical path selection switch, a single optical output, and an N optical splitter output;

[0009] The N-channel optical splitter interface receives N optical splitter signals and sends them to the 1 / 2 optical splitter array; the 1 / 2 optical splitter array includes N 1 / 2 optical splitter units; each 1 / 2 optical splitter unit splits the corresponding optical splitter signal to obtain the corresponding optical splitter main signal and optical splitter acquisition signal; the N / 1 optical path selection switch receives the N optical splitter acquisition signals and, according to the monitoring optical path selection, acquires any one of the signals to obtain one optical path acquisition signal; the one optical path acquisition signal is output through the optical single-path interface; the N-channel optical splitter interface receives and outputs the N optical splitter main signals;

[0010] The 1 / 2 optical splitter unit uses a hot-melt pull-type optical splitter unit to split the optical splitting signal with a fixed splitting ratio; the N / 1 optical path selection switch is a microelectromechanical optical path selection switch, and the optical path selection is adjusted by a micromotor.

[0011] As a further solution, the active optical communication monitoring circuit includes: a control unit, a first monitoring unit, a second monitoring unit, an Internet of Things (IoT) communication unit, an IoT power unit, and a GPS positioning unit;

[0012] The control unit is equipped with a data transmission interface and a control output interface; the first monitoring unit is used to monitor the optical path input acquisition signal and obtain the corresponding first monitoring data; the second monitoring unit is used to monitor one optical path acquisition signal and obtain the corresponding second monitoring data; the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data are respectively sent to the control unit through the data transmission interface; the IoT communication unit and the GPS positioning unit are electrically connected to the control unit through the data transmission interface; the IoT power unit is electrically connected to each power consumption unit of the active optical communication monitoring circuit;

[0013] The first monitoring unit and the second monitoring unit are the same type of ROSA element, and the monitoring parameters include: optical signal power, optical signal delay and optical signal dispersion.

[0014] As a further solution, the isolation sampling control unit is configured using an optical isolator and a micro-motor isolator. Both the first and second monitoring units are actively isolated using an optical isolator. The N-channel optical control unit is configured using an N-channel optical switch. Both the N-channel optical switch and the adjustable optical splitter monitor are isolated and controlled using a micro-motor isolator.

[0015] As a further solution, it can also be connected to an IoT cloud platform through an IoT communication unit to form an optical splitter topology network; the optical splitter topology network is equipped with an IoT cloud platform and a back-end server, and is connected to each optical splitter through a wireless IoT network and a BUS bus respectively; the IoT communication unit connects to the wireless IoT network through the MQTT communication protocol or the CoAP communication protocol, or connects to the back-end server through the HTTP communication protocol.

[0016] The IoT power unit is configured based on whether or not a BUS bus is used. If a BUS bus is used, an external power source is selected; otherwise, a built-in battery is selected.

[0017] As a further solution, the optical splitter topology network achieves topology awareness through the following steps:

[0018] Step A1: Transmit characteristic optical signals to the PON network through the OLT device;

[0019] Step A2: Each optical splitter in the PON network acquires the characteristic optical signal through the first monitoring unit;

[0020] Step A3: Each optical splitter counts the reception time and reception power of the characteristic optical signal obtained by the first monitoring unit;

[0021] Step A4: Each optical splitter acquires the characteristic optical signal through the second monitoring unit;

[0022] Step A5: Each optical splitter counts the transmission time and transmission power of the characteristic optical signal obtained by the second monitoring unit;

[0023] Step A6: Perform topology sensing using the receive time, receive power, transmit time and transmit power of each optical splitter;

[0024] Step A7: Complete PON network topology awareness to obtain the optical splitter topology sequence;

[0025] Among them, topology awareness: if the transmission time and transmission power of optical splitter A and the reception time and reception power of optical splitter B satisfy the transmission time delay and transmission power loss between optical splitter A and optical splitter B, then optical splitter B is a subordinate node of optical splitter A; otherwise, a match cannot be established. Transmission time delay: determined by the location of the splitter through GPS positioning unit, combined with the optical signal transmission rate and delay adaptation. Transmission power loss: determined by insertion and removal loss and transmission line loss.

[0026] As a further solution, the optical splitter topology network performs optical path monitoring through the following steps:

[0027] Abnormal monitoring parameters:

[0028] Step B1.1: Set the standard monitoring parameters for the first and second monitoring data of each optical splitter.

[0029] Step B1.2: Set the monitoring parameter fluctuation amount for the first and second monitoring data of each optical splitter;

[0030] Step B1.3: Collect real-time monitoring parameters through the first and second monitoring units;

[0031] Step B1.4: Perform anomaly detection for monitoring parameters:

[0032] If the difference between the real-time monitoring parameter and the standard monitoring parameter exceeds the fluctuation of the monitoring parameter, then the monitoring parameter is abnormal.

[0033] If the difference between the real-time monitoring parameters and the standard monitoring parameters does not exceed the fluctuation range of the monitoring parameters, then the monitoring parameters are normal.

[0034] Equipment malfunction:

[0035] Step B2.1: Each optical splitter periodically sends a breathing signal to the optical splitter topology network;

[0036] Step B2.2: The optical splitter topology network determines whether the device is malfunctioning based on whether it receives a breathing signal;

[0037] Transmission line malfunction:

[0038] Step B3.1: Obtain the topological sequence;

[0039] Step B3.2: If any branch along the topology sequence of each optical splitter lacks both the first and second monitoring data, then the transmission line is abnormal.

[0040] As a further solution, the optical splitter topology network performs anomaly isolation through the following steps:

[0041] Step C1: Obtain the abnormal topology sequence segments of optical splitters and transmission lines with abnormal monitoring parameters;

[0042] Step C2: Send isolation signals to the optical splitter with abnormal monitoring parameters and the optical splitter to which the abnormal topology sequence segment belongs;

[0043] Step C3: When the optical splitter receives the isolation signal, it activates the N-channel optical switches through the isolation sampling control unit to shut down the corresponding N-channel optical splitter main signals.

[0044] Compared with related technologies, the optical splitter provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] This invention monitors the passive optical communication link through an active optical communication monitoring circuit and performs isolation sampling and control through an isolation sampling control unit. This ensures that the PON network is not affected by active devices and avoids the introduction of electromagnetic interference through mechanical switches. While ensuring that the PON network is passive, it can also monitor the optical signal in real time. ROSA components, optical isolators, etc. can ensure active and passive isolation throughout the process.

[0046] This invention can also connect to an IoT cloud platform via an IoT communication unit to form an optical splitter topology network; it can obtain characteristic optical signals by statistically analyzing each optical splitter through the first monitoring unit to achieve topology sensing; it can monitor abnormal monitoring parameters, abnormal equipment operation, and abnormal transmission lines by monitoring parameters, breathing signals, and topology sequences; and it can isolate abnormalities by acquiring abnormal segments of the topology sequence of optical splitters and transmission lines with abnormal monitoring parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of an optical splitter provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of an optical splitter topology network provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the adjustable optical splitter monitor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides an optical splitter deployed in a PON network, including: a single optical input interface, a passive optical communication link, an active optical communication monitoring circuit, an isolation sampling control unit, N optical control units, and N optical output interfaces; the single optical input interface, the passive optical communication link, and the N optical output interfaces are sequentially optically connected; the active optical communication monitoring circuit collects and monitors optical path signals of the passive optical communication link and controls the output of optical path signals of the N optical output interfaces through the isolation sampling control unit; wherein, the passive optical communication link includes: a 1 / 2 optical splitter, an adjustable optical splitter, an adjustable optical splitter monitor, and N+1 optical splitters;

[0052] The optical input signal enters the passive optical communication link through the single-channel optical input interface. The 1 / 2 optical splitter splits the optical input signal according to a fixed splitting ratio, obtaining the main optical input signal and the optical input acquisition signal. The main optical input signal enters the adjustable optical splitter, and the optical input acquisition signal is output. The adjustable optical splitter splits the main optical input signal according to an adjustable splitting ratio, obtaining N optical split signals. The adjustable optical splitter monitor receives the N optical split signals and splits them according to a fixed splitting ratio to obtain the N main optical split signals. The system receives N optical input signals and N optical branch acquisition signals; the N optical branch acquisition signals are selected according to the monitoring optical path, and any one of the signals is acquired to obtain one optical branch acquisition signal; the N optical branch main signals and the one optical branch acquisition signal are respectively input to each optical branch to obtain N+1 optical branches; the N+1 optical branches output the one optical branch acquisition signal and the N optical branch main signals respectively; the active optical communication monitoring circuit receives the optical input acquisition signal and the one optical branch acquisition signal through the isolation sampling control unit, and the N optical control unit receives the N optical branch main signals.

[0053] It should be noted that this invention monitors the passive optical communication link through an active optical communication monitoring circuit and performs isolation sampling and control through an isolation sampling control unit. This ensures that the PON network is not affected by active devices and avoids the introduction of electromagnetic interference through mechanical switches. While ensuring that the PON network is passive, it can also monitor the optical signal in real time. ROSA components, optical isolators, etc. can ensure active and passive isolation throughout the process.

[0054] As a further solution, such as Figure 3 As shown, the adjustable optical splitter monitor includes: N optical splitter interfaces, a 1 / 2 optical splitter array, an N / 1 optical path selection switch, a single optical output, and an N optical splitter output;

[0055] The N-channel optical splitter interface receives N optical splitter signals and sends them to the 1 / 2 optical splitter array; the 1 / 2 optical splitter array includes N 1 / 2 optical splitter units; each 1 / 2 optical splitter unit splits the corresponding optical splitter signal to obtain the corresponding optical splitter main signal and optical splitter acquisition signal; the N / 1 optical path selection switch receives the N optical splitter acquisition signals and, according to the monitoring optical path selection, acquires any one of the signals to obtain one optical path acquisition signal; the one optical path acquisition signal is output through the optical single-path interface; the N-channel optical splitter interface receives and outputs the N optical splitter main signals;

[0056] The 1 / 2 optical splitter unit uses a hot-melt pull-type optical splitter unit to split the optical splitting signal with a fixed splitting ratio; the N / 1 optical path selection switch is a microelectromechanical optical path selection switch, and the optical path selection is adjusted by a micromotor.

[0057] It should be noted that the hot-melt pull-type optical splitter unit and the microelectromechanical optical path selection switch can ensure the passive nature of the PON network.

[0058] As a further solution, the active optical communication monitoring circuit includes: a control unit, a first monitoring unit, a second monitoring unit, an Internet of Things (IoT) communication unit, an IoT power unit, and a GPS positioning unit;

[0059] The control unit is equipped with a data transmission interface and a control output interface; the first monitoring unit is used to monitor the optical path input acquisition signal and obtain the corresponding first monitoring data; the second monitoring unit is used to monitor one optical path acquisition signal and obtain the corresponding second monitoring data; the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data are respectively sent to the control unit through the data transmission interface; the IoT communication unit and the GPS positioning unit are electrically connected to the control unit through the data transmission interface; the IoT power unit is electrically connected to each power consumption unit of the active optical communication monitoring circuit;

[0060] The first monitoring unit and the second monitoring unit are the same type of ROSA element, and the monitoring parameters include: optical signal power, optical signal delay and optical signal dispersion.

[0061] As a further solution, the isolation sampling control unit is configured using an optical isolator and a micro-motor isolator. Both the first and second monitoring units are actively isolated using an optical isolator. The N-channel optical control unit is configured using an N-channel optical switch. Both the N-channel optical switch and the adjustable optical splitter monitor are isolated and controlled using a micro-motor isolator.

[0062] As a further solution, such as Figure 2As shown, it can also be connected to an IoT cloud platform through an IoT communication unit to form an optical splitter topology network; the optical splitter topology network is equipped with an IoT cloud platform and a back-end server, and is connected to each optical splitter through a wireless IoT network and a BUS bus respectively; the IoT communication unit connects to the wireless IoT network through the MQTT communication protocol or the CoAP communication protocol, or connects to the back-end server through the HTTP communication protocol.

[0063] The IoT power unit is configured based on whether or not a BUS bus is used. If a BUS bus is used, an external power source is selected; otherwise, a built-in battery is selected.

[0064] As a further solution, the optical splitter topology network achieves topology awareness through the following steps:

[0065] Step A1: Transmit characteristic optical signals to the PON network through the OLT device;

[0066] Step A2: Each optical splitter in the PON network acquires the characteristic optical signal through the first monitoring unit;

[0067] Step A3: Each optical splitter counts the reception time and reception power of the characteristic optical signal obtained by the first monitoring unit;

[0068] Step A4: Each optical splitter acquires the characteristic optical signal through the second monitoring unit;

[0069] Step A5: Each optical splitter counts the transmission time and transmission power of the characteristic optical signal obtained by the second monitoring unit;

[0070] Step A6: Perform topology sensing using the receive time, receive power, transmit time and transmit power of each optical splitter;

[0071] Step A7: Complete PON network topology awareness to obtain the optical splitter topology sequence;

[0072] Among them, topology awareness: if the transmission time and transmission power of optical splitter A and the reception time and reception power of optical splitter B satisfy the transmission time delay and transmission power loss between optical splitter A and optical splitter B, then optical splitter B is a subordinate node of optical splitter A; otherwise, a match cannot be established. Transmission time delay: determined by the location of the splitter through GPS positioning unit, combined with the optical signal transmission rate and delay adaptation. Transmission power loss: determined by insertion and removal loss and transmission line loss.

[0073] As a further solution, the optical splitter topology network performs optical path monitoring through the following steps:

[0074] Abnormal monitoring parameters:

[0075] Step B1.1: Set the standard monitoring parameters for the first and second monitoring data of each optical splitter.

[0076] Step B1.2: Set the monitoring parameter fluctuation amount for the first and second monitoring data of each optical splitter;

[0077] Step B1.3: Collect real-time monitoring parameters through the first and second monitoring units;

[0078] Step B1.4: Perform anomaly detection for monitoring parameters:

[0079] If the difference between the real-time monitoring parameter and the standard monitoring parameter exceeds the fluctuation of the monitoring parameter, then the monitoring parameter is abnormal.

[0080] If the difference between the real-time monitoring parameters and the standard monitoring parameters does not exceed the fluctuation range of the monitoring parameters, then the monitoring parameters are normal.

[0081] Equipment malfunction:

[0082] Step B2.1: Each optical splitter periodically sends a breathing signal to the optical splitter topology network;

[0083] Step B2.2: The optical splitter topology network determines whether the device is malfunctioning based on whether it receives a breathing signal;

[0084] Transmission line malfunction:

[0085] Step B3.1: Obtain the topological sequence;

[0086] Step B3.2: If any branch along the topology sequence of each optical splitter lacks both the first and second monitoring data, then the transmission line is abnormal.

[0087] As a further solution, the optical splitter topology network performs anomaly isolation through the following steps:

[0088] Step C1: Obtain the abnormal topology sequence segments of optical splitters and transmission lines with abnormal monitoring parameters;

[0089] Step C2: Send isolation signals to the optical splitter with abnormal monitoring parameters and the optical splitter to which the abnormal topology sequence segment belongs;

[0090] Step C3: When the optical splitter receives the isolation signal, it activates the N-channel optical switches through the isolation sampling control unit to shut down the corresponding N-channel optical splitter main signals.

[0091] It should be noted that: the present invention can connect to the Internet of Things cloud platform through the Internet of Things communication unit to form an optical splitter topology network; the first monitoring unit obtains characteristic optical signals through the statistics of each optical splitter to achieve topology perception; the monitoring of abnormal monitoring parameters, abnormal equipment operation and abnormal transmission lines is achieved by monitoring parameters, breathing signals and topology sequences; and abnormal isolation is achieved by obtaining abnormal segments of the topology sequence of optical splitters with abnormal monitoring parameters and abnormal transmission lines.

[0092] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical splitter, deployed in a PON network, characterized in that, include: Optical input single interface, passive optical communication link, active optical communication monitoring circuit, isolated sampling control unit, N-channel optical control unit and N-channel optical output interface; The optical input single interface, passive optical communication link, and N optical output interfaces are sequentially optically connected. The active optical communication monitoring circuit performs optical path signal acquisition and monitoring on the passive optical communication link and controls the optical path signal output of the N optical output interfaces through an isolation sampling control unit. The passive optical communication link includes: a 1 / 2 optical splitter, an adjustable optical splitter, an adjustable optical splitter monitor, and N+1 optical splitters. The optical input signal enters the passive optical communication link through the single optical input interface. The 1 / 2 optical splitter splits the optical input signal according to a fixed splitting ratio, obtaining the main optical input signal and the optical input acquisition signal. The main optical input signal enters the adjustable optical splitter, and the optical input acquisition signal is output. The adjustable optical splitter splits the main optical input signal according to an adjustable splitting ratio, obtaining N optical split signals. The adjustable optical splitter monitor receives the N optical split signals and splits them according to a fixed splitting ratio to obtain the N main optical split signals. The system receives N optical input signals and N optical branch acquisition signals; the N optical branch acquisition signals are selected according to the monitoring optical path, and any one of the signals is acquired to obtain one optical path acquisition signal; the N optical branch main signals and the one optical path acquisition signal are respectively input to each optical branch to obtain N+1 optical branches; the N+1 optical branches output the one optical path acquisition signal and the N optical branch main signals respectively; the active optical communication monitoring circuit receives the optical path input acquisition signal and the one optical path acquisition signal through the isolation sampling control unit, and the N optical control unit receives the N optical branch main signals; The adjustable optical splitter monitor includes: N optical splitter interfaces, a 1 / 2 optical splitter array, an N / 1 optical path selection switch, a single optical output, and an N optical splitter output; The N-channel optical splitter interface receives N optical splitter signals and sends them to the 1 / 2 optical splitter array; the 1 / 2 optical splitter array includes N 1 / 2 optical splitter units; each 1 / 2 optical splitter unit splits the corresponding optical splitter signal to obtain the corresponding optical splitter main signal and optical splitter acquisition signal; the N / 1 optical path selection switch receives the N optical splitter acquisition signals and, according to the monitoring optical path selection, acquires any one of the signals to obtain one optical path acquisition signal; the one optical path acquisition signal is output through the optical single-path interface; the N-channel optical splitter interface receives and outputs the N optical splitter main signals; The 1 / 2 optical splitter unit uses a hot-melt pull-type optical splitter unit to split the optical splitting signal with a fixed splitting ratio; the N / 1 optical path selection switch is a microelectromechanical optical path selection switch, and the optical path selection is adjusted by a micromotor.

2. An optical splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active optical communication monitoring circuit includes: Control unit, first monitoring unit, second monitoring unit, Internet of Things (IoT) communication unit, IoT power unit, and GPS positioning unit; The control unit is equipped with a data transmission interface and a control output interface; the first monitoring unit is used to monitor the optical path input acquisition signal and obtain the corresponding first monitoring data; the second monitoring unit is used to monitor one optical path acquisition signal and obtain the corresponding second monitoring data; the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data are respectively sent to the control unit through the data transmission interface; the IoT communication unit and the GPS positioning unit are electrically connected to the control unit through the data transmission interface; the IoT power unit is electrically connected to each power consumption unit of the active optical communication monitoring circuit; The first monitoring unit and the second monitoring unit are the same type of ROSA element, and the monitoring parameters include: optical signal power, optical signal delay and optical signal dispersion.

3. An optical splitter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The isolation sampling control unit is configured using an optical isolator and a micro-motor isolator. Both the first and second monitoring units are actively isolated using an optical isolator. The N-channel optical control unit is configured using an N-channel optical switch. Both the N-channel optical switch and the adjustable optical splitter monitor are isolated and controlled using a micro-motor isolator.

4. An optical splitter according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, It can also connect to an IoT cloud platform through an IoT communication unit to form an optical splitter topology network; the optical splitter topology network is equipped with an IoT cloud platform and a back-end server, and is connected to each optical splitter through a wireless IoT network and a BUS bus respectively; the IoT communication unit connects to the wireless IoT network through the MQTT communication protocol or the CoAP communication protocol, or connects to the back-end server through the HTTP communication protocol. The IoT power unit is configured based on whether or not a BUS bus is used. If a BUS bus is used, an external power source is selected; otherwise, a built-in battery is selected.

5. An optical splitter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical splitter topology network achieves topology awareness through the following steps: Step A1: Transmit characteristic optical signals to the PON network through the OLT device; Step A2: Each optical splitter in the PON network acquires the characteristic optical signal through the first monitoring unit; Step A3: Each optical splitter counts the reception time and reception power of the characteristic optical signal obtained by the first monitoring unit; Step A4: Each optical splitter acquires the characteristic optical signal through the second monitoring unit; Step A5: Each optical splitter counts the transmission time and transmission power of the characteristic optical signal obtained by the second monitoring unit; Step A6: Perform topology sensing using the receive time, receive power, transmit time and transmit power of each optical splitter; Step A7: Complete PON network topology awareness to obtain the optical splitter topology sequence; Among them, topology awareness: if the transmission time and transmission power of optical splitter A and the reception time and reception power of optical splitter B satisfy the transmission time delay and transmission power loss between optical splitter A and optical splitter B, then optical splitter B is a subordinate node of optical splitter A; otherwise, a match cannot be established. Transmission time delay: determined by the location of the splitter through GPS positioning unit, combined with the optical signal transmission rate and delay adaptation. Transmission power loss: determined by insertion and removal loss and transmission line loss.

6. An optical splitter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The optical splitter topology network performs optical path monitoring through the following steps: Abnormal monitoring parameters: Step B1.1: Set the standard monitoring parameters for the first and second monitoring data of each optical splitter. Step B1.2: Set the monitoring parameter fluctuation amount for the first and second monitoring data of each optical splitter; Step B1.3: Collect real-time monitoring parameters through the first and second monitoring units; Step B1.4: Perform anomaly detection for monitoring parameters: If the difference between the real-time monitoring parameter and the standard monitoring parameter exceeds the fluctuation of the monitoring parameter, then the monitoring parameter is abnormal. If the difference between the real-time monitoring parameters and the standard monitoring parameters does not exceed the fluctuation range of the monitoring parameters, then the monitoring parameters are normal. Equipment malfunction: Step B2.1: Each optical splitter periodically sends a breathing signal to the optical splitter topology network; Step B2.2: The optical splitter topology network determines whether the device is malfunctioning based on whether it receives a breathing signal; Transmission line malfunction: Step B3.1: Obtain the topological sequence; Step B3.2: If any branch along the topology sequence of each optical splitter lacks both the first and second monitoring data, then the transmission line is abnormal.

7. An optical splitter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optical splitter topology network is isolated from anomalies through the following steps: Step C1: Obtain the abnormal topology sequence segments of optical splitters and transmission lines with abnormal monitoring parameters; Step C2: Send isolation signals to the optical splitter with abnormal monitoring parameters and the optical splitter to which the abnormal topology sequence segment belongs; Step C3: When the optical splitter receives the isolation signal, it activates the N-channel optical switches through the isolation sampling control unit to shut down the corresponding N-channel optical splitter main signals.

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