A cleaning method for 3D printing complex structural parts of polymer precursor ceramics

Abstract

A cleaning method for a polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a cleaning solution; S2, soaking the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part in the cleaning solution; S3, ultrasonically cleaning the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part soaked in the cleaning solution; S4, taking out the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part from the cleaning solution and performing natural air drying; S5, performing secondary photocuring on the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part after natural air drying; S6, pyrolyzing the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part after secondary photocuring to obtain the final polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part. The present invention can efficiently remove the resin remaining on the surface and inside the pores of the ceramic 3D printed complex structural part, and cause low loss to the surface and inside of the structural part, and finally obtain a structural part with high surface quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cleaning 3D printed ceramic parts, and particularly to a method for cleaning complex structure parts of polymer precursor ceramics by 3D printing. Background Art

[0002] Since its birth, ceramics have been classified as one of the most important high-performance materials, with excellent properties such as high strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. Among them, advanced ceramics with specific functions and complex structures obtained through material optimization and complex structure design have been widely used in the fields of mechatronics, aerospace, national defense, energy, and biomedicine. 3D printing technology is one of the most important means for manufacturing advanced ceramics with complex structures at present. However, in the process of ceramic 3D printing, there are problems such as limited material types, poor light transmittance of the slurry, easy precipitation, and difficulty in 3D printing forming when directly using ceramic raw materials in the form of original powder or prepared slurry for ceramic 3D printing.

[0003] Polymer precursor 3D printing of ceramics refers to obtaining an intermediate of a complex structure part through 3D printing technology based on the easy processability of polymer precursors, and converting the intermediate into a final ceramic complex structure part through high-temperature pyrolysis. It has the following main characteristics: (1) it is easy to prepare high-performance ceramic complex structure parts; (2) the material can be designed at the molecular scale; (3) near-net-size forming of ceramics can be achieved; (4) the pyrolysis temperature is low; (5) the high-temperature performance is good. Therefore, polymer precursor ceramics have become the main approach for 3D printing complex structure ceramic parts at present and have broad application prospects. However, there are problems that it is difficult to remove the polymer ceramic precursor resin remaining in the micropores / porous complex structures on the surface and inside of the 3D printed complex structure parts of polymer precursor ceramics, and the cleaning is difficult. At present, the commonly used cleaning methods for additive manufacturing of ceramic complex structure parts mainly include chemical methods, ultrasonic cleaning methods, and mechanical cleaning methods. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101474510A provides a method for cleaning microporous ceramics and a filtering device using this method, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN106824847A discloses a ceramic cleaning device, and Chinese Patent Publication No. CN107639072A provides a ceramic cleaning method.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned existing cleaning technologies for 3D printed ceramic complex structure parts mainly target rigid ceramic structure parts that have been cured and formed. When directly applied to 3D printed complex structure parts of polymer precursor ceramics, there are problems of low cleaning efficiency and large loss of 3D printed complex structure parts of polymer precursor ceramics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the problem that the existing 3D printing ceramic complex structure cleaning technology mainly targets the rigid ceramic structure parts that have been cured and formed, and there are problems of low cleaning efficiency and large loss of polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts when directly applied to them, the present invention proposes a cleaning method for polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts with high efficiency and low loss. This method first regulates the composition of the cleaning liquid, so that the soaking and ultrasonic treatment based on the cleaning liquid can dissolve the uncured resin without damaging the cured resin. Then, based on the strong volatility of the cleaning liquid, the cleaning liquid and the dissolved resin remaining on the surface of the sample are volatilized by natural air drying. Finally, the structure of the sample is stabilized by secondary photocuring to obtain the cleaned polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts. Applying this method can efficiently remove the resin remaining on the surface and inside the pores of the ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts, and cause low loss to the surface and inside of the structure parts, realizing the cleaning goal of high cleaning efficiency and low loss rate for polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts, and finally obtaining polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts with high surface quality.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A cleaning method for polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Configure the cleaning liquid;

[0008] S2. Immerse the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts in the cleaning liquid;

[0009] S3. Perform ultrasonic cleaning on the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts immersed in the cleaning liquid;

[0010] S4. Take out the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts from the cleaning liquid and perform natural air drying;

[0011] S5. Perform secondary photocuring on the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts after natural air drying;

[0012] S6. Pyrolyze the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts after secondary photocuring to obtain the final polymer precursor ceramic 3D printing complex structure parts.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the cleaning liquid is composed of a cleaning main agent and a cleaning auxiliary agent; the cleaning main agent is butyl acrylate; the cleaning auxiliary agent is 1,6 - hexanediol diacrylate; the mass of the cleaning auxiliary agent is 1 - 20% of the mass of the cleaning main agent.

[0014] Further, the mass of the cleaning auxiliary agent is 10% of the mass of the cleaning main agent.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, first pour the cleaning solution into a beaker, and then place the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure into the beaker containing the cleaning solution for complete immersion. The immersion time is 10 - 30 seconds.

[0016] Furthermore, the volume of the beaker is 20 - 40 times the volume of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure, and the volume of the cleaning solution is 10 - 20 times the volume of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, place the beaker containing the cleaning solution and the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning. The ultrasonic cleaning time is 30 - 180 s.

[0018] Furthermore, the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 40 - 120 W and the frequency is 30 - 50 kHz.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, take out the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure from the cleaning solution and place it in a ventilation box for natural air drying; during natural air drying, turn the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure 1 - 3 times, and the single - time air drying time after turning is 10 - 60 minutes.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, place the naturally air - dried polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure in a UVLED curing system for secondary photocuring. The number of curing times is 3 - 6 times, the single - time curing time is 3 - 10 s, and different placement orientations are used each time.

[0021] Furthermore, the curing power of the UVLED curing system is set to 5 - 20 mJ / cm².

[0022] Preferably, in step S6, place the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structure after secondary photocuring in an argon sintering furnace for pyrolysis. The pyrolysis curve is as follows:

[0023] (1) During the process of heating from room temperature to 100 °C, adopt a heating rate of 1.0 °C / min. After heating to 100 °C, keep it warm for 60 min;

[0024] (2) During the process of heating from 100 °C to 300 °C, adopt a heating rate of 0.5 °C / min. After heating to 300 °C, keep it warm for 120 min;

[0025] (3) During the process of heating from 300 °C to 600 °C, adopt a heating rate of 0.5 °C / min. After heating to 600 °C, keep it warm for 120 min;

[0026] (4)During the process of heating from 600 °C to 1000 °C, a heating rate of 1 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 1000 °C, it is held for 240 min;

[0027] (5)During the process of cooling from 1000 °C to room temperature, it is cooled at a cooling rate of 2.0 °C / min.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, by regulating the composition of the cleaning solution, the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts based on the cleaning solution can be soaked and ultrasonically treated to dissolve the uncured resin without damaging the cured resin. Then, based on the strong volatility of the cleaning solution, the cleaning solution and the dissolved resin remaining on the surface of the sample are volatilized by natural air drying. Finally, the structure of the sample is stabilized by secondary photocuring to obtain the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts after cleaning. Applying this method can efficiently remove the resin remaining on the surface and inside the pores of the ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts, and cause low loss to the surface and inside of the structural parts, achieving the cleaning goal of high cleaning efficiency and low loss rate for the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts. Finally, polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts with high surface quality are obtained, which have the advantages of convenient operation, low cost, high cleaning efficiency, low loss to the printed parts, and high surface quality, and have good practicability. The present invention solves the problems that the existing cleaning technology for 3D printed ceramic complex structural parts is mainly aimed at the rigid ceramic structural parts that have been cured and formed, and there are problems of low cleaning efficiency and large loss to the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts when directly applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a cleaning method for a polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the intermediate of the 3D printed complex structural parts of six groups of polymer ceramic precursor materials.

[0031] Figure 3 It is the overall effect diagram, partial effect diagram and pyrolysis effect diagram of the blank group.

[0032] Figure 4 It is the overall cleaning effect diagram, partial effect diagram and pyrolysis effect diagram after cleaning of Example 1.

[0033] Figure 5 It is the overall cleaning effect diagram, partial effect diagram and pyrolysis effect diagram after cleaning of Comparative Example 1.

[0034] Figure 6 It is the overall cleaning effect diagram, partial effect diagram and pyrolysis effect diagram after cleaning of Comparative Example 2.

[0035] Figure 7 These are the overall cleaning effect diagram, local effect diagram, and post-pyrolysis effect diagram for Comparative Example 3.

[0036] Figure 8 These are the overall cleaning effect diagram, local effect diagram, and post-pyrolysis effect diagram for Comparative Example 4.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the cleaning efficiency of each embodiment of the present invention and the comparative examples.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the loss rate of each embodiment of the present invention and the comparative examples. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments are hereinafter given and described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, a method for cleaning a complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Prepare a cleaning solution;

[0042] S2. Immerse the complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part in the cleaning solution;

[0043] S3. Ultrasonically clean the complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part immersed in the cleaning solution;

[0044] S4. Take out the complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part from the cleaning solution and let it air-dry naturally;

[0045] S5. Perform secondary photocuring on the air-dried complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part;

[0046] S6. Pyrolyze the secondarily photocured complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part to obtain the final complex-structured polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed part.

[0047] In step S1, the cleaning solution is composed of a main cleaning agent and a cleaning aid; the main cleaning agent is butyl acrylate (BA); the cleaning aid is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA); the mass of the cleaning aid is 1-20% of the mass of the main cleaning agent, and the preferred value is 10%.

[0048] In step S2, first pour the cleaning solution into a beaker, and then place the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure into the beaker containing the cleaning solution for complete immersion. The immersion time is 10 - 30 seconds, preferably 15 - 25 seconds, and more preferably 20 seconds. Among them, the beaker is a conventional beaker, and the volume of the beaker is 20 - 40 times the volume of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure, preferably 30 times; the volume of the cleaning solution is 10 - 20 times the volume of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure, preferably 15 times.

[0049] In step S3, place the beaker containing the cleaning solution and the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning. The ultrasonic cleaning time is 30 - 180 s, preferably 60 s, 90 s, 120 s. Among them, the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 40 - 120 W, preferably 60 W, 80 W, 100 W, etc., and the frequency is 30 - 50 kHz, preferably 40 kHz.

[0050] In step S4, take out the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure from the cleaning solution and place it in a ventilation box for natural air drying; during natural air drying, turn the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure 1 - 3 times, preferably 2 times, and the single air drying time after turning is 10 - 60 minutes, preferably 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, etc.

[0051] In step S5, place the naturally air-dried polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure in a UVLED (ultraviolet light-emitting diode) curing system for secondary photocuring. The number of curing times is 3 - 6 times, preferably 4 - 5 times, and the single curing time is 3 - 10 s, preferably 5 s, 6 s, 7 s, etc. Each time, a different placement orientation is adopted. Among them, the curing power of the UVLED curing system is set to 5 - 20 mJ / cm², such as 10 mJ / cm², 15 mJ / cm², etc.

[0052] In step S6, place the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structure after secondary photocuring in an argon sintering furnace for pyrolysis. The pyrolysis curve is as follows:

[0053] (1) During the process of heating from room temperature to 100 °C, adopt a heating rate of 1.0 °C / min. After heating to 100 °C, keep it warm for 60 min;

[0054] (2) During the process of heating from 100 °C to 300 °C, adopt a heating rate of 0.5 °C / min. After heating to 300 °C, keep it warm for 120 min;

[0055] (3) During the process of heating from 300 °C to 600 °C, a heating rate of 0.5 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 600 °C, it is kept warm for 120 min;

[0056] (4) During the process of heating from 600 °C to 1000 °C, a heating rate of 1 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 1000 °C, it is kept warm for 240 min;

[0057] (5) During the process of cooling from 1000 °C to room temperature, it is cooled at a cooling rate of 2.0 °C / min.

[0058] To verify the correctness and effectiveness of the method proposed by the present invention, a comparative verification experiment is carried out below.

[0059] First, an intermediate of a polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part is obtained. Specifically, first, a polymer ceramic precursor material is configured. The polymer ceramic precursor material includes the following components by mass: 13.4 parts of polysiloxane (Sirres604), 27 parts of tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPGME), 16 parts of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 6 parts of phenolic resin (PR), 5.3 parts of 1,6 - hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), 29.5 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and 2.8 parts of phenylbis(2,4,6 - trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (819). The above components are stirred and rotary evaporated to obtain the polymer ceramic precursor material.

[0060] Then, 3D printing of the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part is carried out. Taking a porous structure as a model, using the configured polymer ceramic precursor material, 3D printing is carried out with a digital light processing 3D printing device (model: PUHD200, Suzhou Reisai Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.) to obtain six groups of polymer ceramic precursor material 3D printed complex structural parts. See Figure 2 , and there is uncured polymer ceramic precursor material on the surface and in the pores of the six groups of polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part intermediates.

[0061] Next, a cleaning comparison experiment is carried out on five groups of polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part intermediates, and one group is not cleaned as a blank group for comparison. The blank group is shown in Figure 3 . A 100 ml beaker is used as the cleaning container for immersion cleaning, a conventional ultrasonic cleaner (YM - 008, Yumeng Ultrasonic Cleaner) is used for ultrasonic cleaning, and a conventional curing box (UVLED curing system, Shanghai Yuntong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.) is used for the curing system.

[0062] Finally, the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part after cleaning is pyrolyzed to obtain the final polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part. Specifically, the pyrolysis curve of the polymer ceramic precursor material 3D printed sample is as follows: (1) During the process of heating from room temperature to 100 °C, a heating rate of 1.0 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 100 °C, it is kept warm for 60 min; (2) During the process of heating from 100 °C to 300 °C, a heating rate of 0.5 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 300 °C, it is kept warm for 120 min; (3) During the process of heating from 300 °C to 600 °C, a heating rate of 0.5 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 600 °C, it is kept warm for 120 min; (4) During the process of heating from 600 °C to 1000 °C, a heating rate of 1 °C / min is adopted, and after heating to 1000 °C, it is kept warm for 240 min; (5) During the process of cooling from 1000 °C to room temperature, it is cooled at a cooling rate of 2.0 °C / min.

[0063] The structures of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural parts in each group after cleaning and pyrolysis were observed microscopically. The experiment found that the cleaning effects of each group were significantly different. Further magnified observation was carried out through a super-depth-of-field microscope, and the situations of each group were as follows.

[0064] Example 1:

[0065] Example 1 was cleaned by using the method of the present invention. Specifically, the cleaning solution was placed into an ultrasonic cleaning device, and then the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part was immersed in the cleaning solution for 10 seconds; after immersion, ultrasonic waves were turned on for cleaning; the power was 35 W, the frequency was 40 kHz, and the time was 90 seconds; the cleaning solution was composed of 45 g of butyl acrylate (BA) and 5 g of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA); after ultrasonic treatment, the sample was taken out and placed on dust-free paper to dry naturally, flipped 3 times, and dried for 20 minutes each time; after drying, the printed sample was placed in a curing box for secondary curing, and the 6 faces of the sample were cured repeatedly. The curing power was 5 mJ / cm², and the curing time was 5 seconds.

[0066] Figure 4 As the result of the immersion ultrasonic cleaning in Example 1, it can be seen that by using the cleaning method proposed by the present invention, a very good cleaning effect is achieved for the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part, and the residual resin is completely removed without causing damage to the sample.

[0067] Comparative Example 1:

[0068] Comparative Example 1 lacks step S3 compared with Example 1. Specifically, the cleaning solution is placed into a cleaning container, and then the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structural part is immersed in the cleaning solution for immersion cleaning; the immersion time is 3 minutes; the cleaning container is a 100-ml beaker; the cleaning solution consists of 45 g of butyl acrylate (BA) and 5 g of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA); after the immersion treatment, the sample is taken out and placed on dust-free paper to air dry naturally, flipped 3 times, and air dried for 20 minutes each time; after air drying, the printed sample is placed in a curing box for secondary curing, and the 6 faces of the sample are repeatedly cured, with a curing power of 5 mJ / cm² and a curing time of 5 seconds.

[0069] Figure 5 As the result of immersion cleaning in Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that immersion cleaning can achieve a good cleaning effect, and almost all the residual resin is removed without damage to the sample.

[0070] Comparative Example 2:

[0071] The cleaning method of the existing technology is adopted. Specifically, with the commercially available Shuimu Feng photosensitive resin cleaning agent, using the usage method in the instruction manual, the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structural part is put into the cleaning agent and the model is shaken for 20 seconds; the sample is taken out, put into a clean cleaning solution and soaked for 4 minutes; the sample is taken out and rinsed with clean water, and finally fished out after soaking in clean water for 5 minutes.

[0072] See Figure 6 , the cleaning effect of Comparative Example 2 is good, but there is relatively large damage.

[0073] Comparative Example 3:

[0074] Comparative Example 3 lacks step S2 compared with Example 1. Specifically, the cleaning solution is placed into an ultrasonic cleaning device, and then the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D-printed complex structural part is immersed in the cleaning solution, and ultrasonic waves are turned on for cleaning; the power is 35 W, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 90 seconds; the cleaning solution consists of 50 g of ethanol; after the ultrasonic treatment, the sample is taken out and placed on dust-free paper to air dry naturally, flipped 3 times, and air dried for 20 minutes each time. After air drying, the printed sample is placed in a curing box for secondary curing, and the 6 faces of the sample are repeatedly cured, with a curing power of 5 mJ / cm² and a curing time of 5 seconds.

[0075] See Figure 7 , the cleaning effect of Comparative Example 3 is good, but there is relatively large damage.

[0076] Comparative Example 4:

[0077] Comparative Example 4 lacks Step S2 compared with Example 1. At the same time, compared with Comparative Example 3, the cleaning agent in Comparative Example 4 is not the cleaning agent proposed in the present invention. Specifically, the cleaning solution is placed into an ultrasonic cleaning device, and then the intermediate of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part is immersed in the cleaning solution, and ultrasonic waves are turned on for cleaning; the power is 35 W, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 seconds; the cleaning solution consists of 50 g of 1,6 - hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA); after ultrasonic treatment, the sample is taken out and placed on dust - free paper to air - dry naturally, flipped 3 times, and air - dried for 20 minutes each time; after air - drying, the printed sample is placed in a curing box for secondary curing, and the 6 surfaces of the sample are cured repeatedly, the curing power is 5 mJ / cm², and the curing time is 5 seconds.

[0078] See Figure 8 , the cleaning effect of Comparative Example 4 is poor, mainly manifested as serious pore blockage, a large amount of uncured resin residue, and some damage to the holes.

[0079] In order to better compare the cleaning efficiency and loss rate among each control group, the cleaning efficiency and loss rate of the examples and each comparative example are quantified. The quantified index of cleaning efficiency is defined as: the number of clean holes / the total number of holes * 100, with the unit of %, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 9 , the quantified index of loss rate is defined as: the number of damaged holes / the total number of holes * 100, with the unit of %, and the results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 10 .

[0080]

[0081] From Table 1, Table 2, Figure 9 and Figure 10 it can be seen that the polymer precursor ceramic 3D printed complex structural part obtained by the method of the present invention has the highest cleaning efficiency and the lowest loss rate. The cleaning efficiency is 98%, and the loss rate is 2%, which proves the effectiveness and correctness of the method proposed in the present invention.

[0082] The above - mentioned is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art who does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equal change, and modification made to the above - mentioned embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A cleaning method for a complex structural part printed by a polymer precursor ceramic 3D printer, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Configure the cleaning solution: The cleaning solution is composed of a main cleaning agent and a cleaning auxiliary agent. The main cleaning agent is butyl acrylate, and the cleaning auxiliary agent is 1,6 - hexanediol diacrylate. The mass of the cleaning auxiliary agent is 1 - 20% of the mass of the main cleaning agent. S2. Immerse the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part in the cleaning solution: First, pour the cleaning solution into a beaker. The volume of the beaker is 20 - 40 times the volume of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part, and the capacity of the cleaning solution is 10 - 20 times the volume of the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part. Then, place the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part into the beaker containing the cleaning solution for complete immersion, and the immersion time is 10 - 30 seconds. S3. Ultrasonically clean the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part immersed in the cleaning solution: Place the beaker containing the cleaning solution and the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning. The power of the ultrasonic cleaner is 40 - 120W, the frequency is 30 - 50kHz, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is 30 - 180s. S4. Take out the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part from the cleaning solution and place it in a ventilation box for natural air - drying. During natural air - drying, turn the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part 1 - 3 times, and the single - time air - drying time after turning is 10 - 60 minutes. S5. Place the naturally air - dried polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part in a UVLED curing system for secondary photocuring. The number of curing times is 3 - 6 times, the single - time curing time is 3 - 10s, and different placement orientations are adopted each time. The curing power of the UVLED curing system is set to 5 - 20mJ / cm². S6. Place the polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part after secondary photocuring in an argon sintering furnace for pyrolysis. The pyrolysis curve is as follows: During the process of heating from room temperature to 100℃, the heating rate is 1.0℃ / min, and after heating to 100℃, keep it warm for 60min; during the process of heating from 100℃ to 300℃, the heating rate is 0.5℃ / min, and after heating to 300℃, keep it warm for 120min; during the process of heating from 300℃ to 600℃, the heating rate is 0.5℃ / min, and after heating to 600℃, keep it warm for 120min; during the process of heating from 600℃ to 1000℃, the heating rate is 1℃ / min, and after heating to 1000℃, keep it warm for 240min; during the process of cooling from 1000℃ to room temperature, cool at a cooling rate of 2.0℃ / min; thus obtaining the final polymer precursor ceramic 3D - printed complex structure part.

2. The cleaning method for a complex structural part printed by a polymer precursor ceramic 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of the cleaning auxiliary agent is 10% of the mass of the main cleaning agent.

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