In-process detection device and method for side edge wear morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for directly detecting side edge wear morphology of a milling cutter based on a fusion machine vision method. The device for directly detecting side edge wear morphology of a milling cutter based on a fusion machine vision method comprises a sliding rail, a horizontal telescopic frame and a double-sensor detection device. The sliding rail comprises an X-axis sliding rail and a Z-axis sliding rail. The X-axis sliding rail is fixed on the side wall of a numerical control machine tool. The Z-axis sliding rail is connected to the execution slide block of the X-axis sliding rail. The execution slide block of the Z-axis sliding rail is provided with the horizontal telescopic frame. The end of the horizontal telescopic frame is fixed with the double-sensor detection device. The double-sensor detection device comprises a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera. The horizontal telescopic frame can be driven to stretch and retract in the Y direction. The host computer controls the movement of the double-sensor detection device through a motion controller. The host computer sends instructions to the motion controller to control the movement of the double-sensor detection device in the X direction and the Z direction in space. The data collected by the double-sensor detection device is displayed, acquired and processed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of in-situ detection of end mills of numerical control machine tools in mechanical technology, and more particularly to a device and method for realizing in-situ automatic detection of end mill wear of numerical control machine tools by fusing double sensors. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the traditional method, only the wear width VB value is used to measure the wear state of the end mill, but the complex mechanical and thermal environment in cutting processing makes the end mill wear area have strong irregularity, and more comprehensive and multi-dimensional end mill wear geometric features are needed as the end mill wear state determination index. Since the 21st century, with the development of image processing technology and the wide application of CDD image sensors, more and more scholars have placed the end mill on a microscope or a test bench to obtain the end mill wear image, which makes the detection time longer and increases the human error in the detection process; in order to obtain the three-dimensional features of the worn end mill, some scholars use a 3D optical surface profiler to obtain the features, which is high in cost and complex in operation.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an in-situ detection device and method capable of quickly, simply and intuitively obtaining multi-dimensional wear geometric features of the end mill, so as to realize accurate evaluation of the end mill wear state. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to propose an in-situ automatic detection device and method for end mill wear based on a numerical control machine tool in view of the device and technical defects existing in the prior art detection device technology, to realize automatic measurement of end mill wear by controlling the motion system of the upper computer and assisting the control of the numerical control program, and to obtain multi-dimensional geometric feature data of the end mill wear by a double-sensor detection device combining a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera, so as to provide more comprehensive and intuitive judgment basis for end mill wear state recognition.

[0005] In a first aspect, this invention provides an on-machine direct detection device for the side edge wear morphology of an end mill based on a fusion machine vision method, comprising a host computer, a motion controller, a slide rail, a horizontal telescopic frame, and a dual-sensor detection device; the slide rail includes an X-axis slide rail and a Z-axis slide rail, the X-axis slide rail is fixed to the side wall of a CNC machine tool, the Z-axis slide rail is connected to an actuator slider of the X-axis slide rail, and the horizontal telescopic frame is mounted on the actuator slider of the Z-axis slide rail to enable free movement of the telescopic frame in the Z direction; the dual-sensor detection device is fixed to the end of the horizontal telescopic frame; the dual-sensor detection device includes a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera; the horizontal telescopic frame is driven to extend and retract in the Y direction to enable free movement of the dual-sensor detection device in the Y direction; the host computer sends commands to the motion controller, which controls the movement of the horizontal telescopic frame and the slide rail, thereby controlling the... A dual-sensor detection device moves in space to directly collect end mill wear data in real time. The host computer displays, acquires, and processes the end mill wear data collected by the dual-sensor detection device, including laser data of the end mill wear area diameter and image data of the end mill cutting edge wear. During data processing, the host computer uses image processing technology to extract the end mill wear area image, obtain the end mill cutting edge wear amount, including the maximum wear width and area value of the end mill cutting edge; and obtain the wear depth at the end mill cutting edge based on the end mill wear area diameter laser data; establish the relationship between the grayscale value of the end mill wear area image and the end mill wear depth to obtain the wear depth value of the entire wear area and obtain the wear volume; establish the correspondence between the end mill wear area diameter laser data and the end mill wear area image to realize three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear area and obtain multi-dimensional geometric features of the end mill wear.

[0006] Limit sensors are installed on the X-axis and Z-axis slide rails of the slide rail to control the position of the actuator slider on the slide rail.

[0007] The industrial camera includes a charge-coupled device (CCD), a lens, and a ring light source. The ring light source is mounted at the front end of the lens and is used to adjust the light intensity. The CCCD is mounted at the rear end of the lens, and the centers of the ring light source, the lens, and the CCCD are located on the same axis.

[0008] The industrial camera is connected to a position adjustment bracket via a support. The position adjustment bracket has an adjustment knob, which allows for fine-tuning of the camera's shooting position distance.

[0009] The position adjustment bracket is installed below the fixed support base, so that the industrial camera is located on the side of the fixed support base, and the line laser diameter scanner is installed at the front end of the fixed support base; the fixed support base is installed at the free end of the horizontal telescopic frame.

[0010] The linear laser diameter scanner and the industrial camera are installed on the fixed support seat at a predetermined position distance to ensure that no interference occurs during detection.

[0011] In the second aspect of the present application, a direct detection method for the flank wear topography of a ball end mill is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) The host computer sends instructions to the motion controller to control the movement of the sliding block on the sliding rail, enabling the double-sensor detection device to move in the X and Z directions in space, and controlling the extension of the horizontal telescopic frame in the Y direction, so as to move the double-sensor detection device to the detection position, record the movement position of the sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail and the Z-axis sliding rail, and the extension amount of the horizontal telescopic frame, and complete the measurement position calibration;

[0013] The numerical control system of the numerical control machine tool controls the movement of the ball end mill to be detected to the image shooting position, adjusts the angle and shooting distance of the industrial camera lens, and rotates the shank to enable the industrial camera to obtain a complete and clear image of the side edge of the ball end mill to be detected, and record the position coordinates of the shank in the machine tool coordinate system at this time, to complete the initial position calibration of the ball end mill image detection;

[0014] The motion system and the spindle of the machine tool are controlled to move, so that the ball end mill to be detected is located above the detection area of the linear laser diameter scanner, the spindle of the machine tool is controlled to move in the Z-axis direction from top to bottom, and the data appears on the display of the linear laser diameter scanner, which indicates that the end position data of the ball end mill is detected, the position coordinates of the sliding block of the sliding rail, the extension amount of the horizontal telescopic frame, and the position coordinates of the ball end mill to be detected in the numerical control machine tool are recorded at this time, to complete the initial position calibration of the linear laser detection;

[0015] (2) The industrial camera is used to obtain four cutting side edge image data of the ball end mill to be detected; wherein, after the initial position calibration of the ball end mill image detection, the numerical control system of the numerical control machine tool controls the spindle of the machine tool to pause for two seconds every 90° rotation, to realize the acquisition of the four cutting side edge image data of the ball end mill to be detected;

[0016] (3) The linear laser diameter scanner is used to obtain the diameter data of the wear area of the ball end mill; wherein, after the initial position calibration of the linear laser detection, the numerical control system controls the rotation of the shank, moves downward along the Z-axis direction at a step length of 0.02 mm, and obtains the diameter data of one revolution of each step section at a distance of 1.5 times the cutting depth;

[0017] (4) the cutting side blade image data obtained in step (2) and the end mill wear area diameter laser data obtained in step (3) are transmitted to the upper computer, the image processing technology is used to realize the extraction of the end mill wear area image by the upper computer, the end mill cutting side blade wear amount is obtained, including the maximum wear width value and the area value of the end mill cutting side blade, and the wear depth at the end mill blade is obtained based on the end mill wear area diameter laser data; the relationship between the end mill wear area image gray value and the end mill wear depth is established, the wear depth value of the whole wear area is obtained, and the wear volume is obtained; the corresponding relationship between the end mill wear area diameter laser data and the end mill wear area image is established, the three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear area is realized, and the multi-dimensional geometric feature quantity of the end mill wear is obtained.

[0018] Wherein, after the obtained end mill cutting side blade image data is filtered, denoised and pretreated, the end mill wear image is segmented, and edge extraction is performed, so that the maximum wear width value and the area value of the end mill cutting side blade are obtained, and the wear amount of the end mill cutting side blade is obtained.

[0019] Wherein, the wear depth at the end mill blade is obtained by comparing the difference Δd between the diameter d of the end mill and the diameter value d0 of the end mill in the initial state, so that the wear depth value at the blade is obtained; the wear depth value at the blade is the same as the difference Δd.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the present application are:

[0021] 1. The end mill wear detection device for in-machine automatic detection controlled by the numerical control system and the upper computer can realize in-machine measurement of the end mill wear by means of the control of the upper computer on the motion system and the auxiliary control of the numerical control system, thereby reducing the time of end mill wear detection to a certain extent and avoiding human errors in the detection process.

[0022] 2. The detection device utilizes the line laser technology and the machine vision technology to obtain multi-dimensional geometric features of the end mill wear, thereby providing more comprehensive and reliable judgment basis for further analysis of the end mill wear mechanism and wear state recognition.

[0023] 3. The detection device has simple structure and good stability, and can realize rapid, accurate and automatic in-machine wear detection of the end mill.

[0024] 4. The line laser data and the end mill wear image data are fused, a simpler and faster three-dimensional modeling method of the end mill wear volume is proposed, the intuitive and visual detection data have wide application potential in the future intelligent manufacturing environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a direct-in-machine detection device for flank wear topography of a ball end mill based on a fusion machine vision method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a dual-sensor detection device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely intended to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0028] Referring to Figure 1 The direct-in-machine detection device for flank wear topography of a ball end mill based on a fusion machine vision method according to an embodiment of the present application comprises a host computer, a motion controller, a slide rail 2, a horizontal telescopic frame 3, and a dual-sensor detection device 4. The slide rail 2 comprises an X-axis slide rail 2-1 and a Z-axis slide rail 2-2, the Z-axis slide rail 2-2 is installed on the execution slide block of the X-axis slide rail 2-1, and the X-axis slide rail is fixed on the side wall of a numerical control machine through a fixed support 8. The fixed end of the horizontal telescopic frame 3 is perpendicular to the Z-axis slide rail 2-2 and is installed on the execution slide block of the Z-axis slide rail 2-2.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the dual-sensor detection device 4 comprises a fixed support 9, a line laser diameter scanner 10, and an industrial camera 11. The industrial camera 11 comprises a charge-coupled device 11-1, a lens 11-4, a ring light source 11-3, and a position adjusting support 11-2. The ring light source 11-3 is installed at the front end of the lens 11-3 and is used to adjust the light intensity. The lens 11-3 is installed at the rear end of the charge-coupled device 11-1, and the centers of the three are located on the same axis. The camera 11 is connected to the position adjusting support 12 through the support 11-2, and the camera shooting distance can be finely adjusted through the knob on the position adjusting support 12.

[0030] The position adjusting support 12 is installed below the fixed support 9, so that the camera 11 is located on the side of the fixed support, and the line laser diameter scanner 10 is installed at the front end of the fixed support 9. The fixed support 9 is installed at the free end of the horizontal telescopic frame 3. The axis of the industrial camera 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the tool shank 5 and is at a predetermined distance from the line laser diameter scanner 10.

[0031] The fixed support 8 is an L-shaped structure and plays a fixing and supporting role. The fixed support 9 is preferably an L-shaped structure.

[0032] Limiting sensors 7 are installed at both ends of the X-axis slide rail 2-1 and the Z-axis slide rail 2-2.

[0033] In the detection, the upper computer is configured to send instructions to the motion controller to control the position movement of the detection device; the upper computer sends instructions to the motion controller to control the movement of the slide rail 2 and the horizontal telescopic frame 3, so as to move the double-sensor detection device 4 to a detection position, control the movement of the tool shank 5 by means of the numerical control system, complete the acquisition of the image data and laser data of the worn area of the end mill 6, and then transmit the collected data to the upper computer, so as to realize the three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear and the extraction of the multi-dimensional geometric features of the end mill wear by means of the image processing technology and the data fusion method.

[0034] In some embodiments, in the data processing, the upper computer can realize the extraction of the image of the end mill wear area by means of the image processing technology, obtain the wear amount of the cutting side edge of the end mill, including the maximum wear width value and the area value of the cutting side edge of the end mill, and obtain the wear depth of the cutting edge of the end mill based on the diameter laser data of the end mill wear area; a relationship between the gray value of the image of the end mill wear area and the wear depth of the end mill is established, the wear depth value of the entire wear area is obtained, and the wear volume is obtained; a corresponding relationship between the diameter laser data of the end mill wear area and the image of the end mill wear area is established, the three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear area is realized, and the multi-dimensional geometric feature amount of the end mill wear is obtained.

[0035] Through the above technical means, the detection device of the embodiment of the present application has good stability, can obtain the multi-dimensional geometric features of the end mill wear, and realizes the automation, rapidity, intuitiveness and accuracy of the in-machine wear detection of the end mill.

[0036] In the detection, the initial position of the industrial camera and the initial position of the line laser detection are calibrated as follows:

[0037] The upper computer sends instructions to the motion controller to control the movement of the slide rail 2 and the horizontal telescopic frame 3, so as to move the double-sensor detection device 4 to the position of the main shaft of the machine tool, make the axis of the end mill 6 perpendicular to the axis of the industrial camera 11, finely adjust the knob of the position adjusting seat 12 and the angle of the camera to make the image of the side edge of the end mill clear, and record the position coordinates of the slide block of the slide rail 2, the telescopic amount of the horizontal telescopic frame 3 and the position coordinates of the end mill 6 on the numerical control machine tool at this time, that is, the initial position calibration of the industrial camera is completed.

[0038] Then, the motion system and the main shaft 5 of the machine tool are controlled to move, so that the detected end mill is located above the detection area of the line laser diameter scanner 10, the main shaft of the machine tool is controlled to move slowly in the Z-axis direction from top to bottom, and when the data appears on the display of the line laser scanner, the end position data of the end mill is detected, the position coordinates of the slide block of the slide rail, the telescopic amount of the horizontal telescopic frame 3 and the position coordinates of the end mill 6 on the numerical control machine tool at this time are recorded, that is, the initial position calibration of the line laser detection is completed.

[0039] The embodiment of the application obtains data by using machine vision technology through an industrial camera, and the steps are as follows:

[0040] After initial position calibration, the numerical control system of the numerical control machine tool controls the machine tool spindle to pause for two seconds every 90 degrees of rotation, so that the image data of the four cutting edge side edges of the end mill to be measured is obtained.

[0041] In the embodiment of the application, data is obtained by using line laser technology through a line laser diameter scanner, and the steps are as follows:

[0042] After initial position calibration, the numerical control system controls the tool holder to rotate slowly, moves downward along the Z-axis direction by a distance of 1.5 times the cutting depth with a step length of 0.02 mm, and obtains the diameter data of each step length cross section in one rotation.

[0043] The detection device of the embodiment of the application obtains the end mill side edge wear state data under the same working condition, including the end mill wear area diameter laser data and the end mill cutting side edge wear image data.

[0044] In the embodiment of the application, the processing process of the host computer on the detected data includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) The end mill cutting side edge wear amount is obtained based on the end mill cutting side edge wear image data by using image processing technology:

[0046] After the obtained end mill wear image (end mill cutting side edge wear image) is preprocessed by filtering, noise reduction, etc., the end mill wear image is segmented and edge extraction is performed, so that the maximum wear width value and area value of the end mill cutting side edge are obtained, and the end mill cutting side edge wear amount is obtained.

[0047] (2) The end mill edge wear depth is obtained by using laser data (end mill wear area diameter laser data):

[0048] The difference Δd between the diameter d of the end mill and the diameter value d0 of the end mill in the initial state is compared, and the wear depth value Δh of the edge is obtained, as shown in the following formula:

[0049] Δd = d0 - d (1)

[0050] Δh ≈ Δd (2)

[0051] (3) According to the end mill wear area image obtained in step (1) and the end mill edge wear depth obtained in step (2), a relationship between the end mill wear area image gray value and the end mill wear depth value is established, so that the wear depth value of the entire wear area is obtained, that is, the wear volume is obtained; the relationship between the end mill wear area diameter laser data and the end mill wear area image is established, three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear area is realized, and the end mill wear multi-dimensional geometric feature quantity is obtained.

[0052] In order to ensure that the complete milling cutter cutting side wear image is obtained, the working distance of the industrial camera 11 is 85-320 mm; the measurement accuracy of the line laser diameter scanner 3 is ±0.5 μm, the laser scanning area width is greater than the diameter of the detected milling cutter, and the scanning distance is 1.5 times of the cutting depth of the milling cutter.

[0053] In order to ensure the measurement accuracy of the milling cutter diameter value, the milling cutter should be located at the center position of the scanning area during detection.

[0054] The present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive.

[0055] Without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims, those skilled in the art can make many forms of specific changes under the inspiration of the present application, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for in-situ detection of flank wear land topography of an end mill based on a fusion machine vision method, characterized in that, The application relates to a double-sensor detection device for a numerical control machine tool, which comprises an upper computer, a motion controller, a slide rail, a horizontal telescopic frame and the double-sensor detection device; the slide rail comprises X-axis slide rails and Z-axis slide rails, the X-axis slide rails are fixed on the side walls of the numerical control machine tool, the Z-axis slide rails are connected to the execution sliders of the X-axis slide rails, the horizontal telescopic frame is installed on the execution sliders of the Z-axis slide rails to realize the free movement of the telescopic frame in the Z direction; the end of the horizontal telescopic frame is fixed with the double-sensor detection device; the double-sensor detection device comprises a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera; the horizontal telescopic frame is driven to be telescopic in the Y direction, so that the double-sensor detection device can freely move in the Y direction; the upper computer sends instructions to the motion controller, controls the horizontal telescopic frame and the slide rail through the motion controller, controls the movement of the double-sensor detection device in space, directly collects the end mill wear data in real time, and displays, acquires and processes the end mill wear data collected by the double-sensor detection device, including end mill wear region diameter laser data and end mill cutting side wear image data; when processing the data, the upper computer realizes the extraction of the end mill wear region image by using an image processing technology, obtains the end mill cutting side wear amount, including the maximum wear width value and the area value of the end mill cutting side, and obtains the wear depth of the end mill blade based on the end mill wear region diameter laser data; the relationship between the end mill wear region image gray value and the end mill wear depth is established, the wear depth value of the whole wear region is obtained, the wear volume is obtained, the corresponding relationship between the end mill wear region diameter laser data and the end mill wear region image is established, three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear region is realized, and multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantities of the end mill wear region are obtained.

2. The device for in-situ detection of flank wear land topography of end mills based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein, The X-axis slide rails and the Z-axis slide rails of the slide rail are provided with limit sensors for controlling the position of the execution sliders moving on the slide rail.

3. The device for in-situ detection of flank wear land morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein, The industrial camera comprises a charge coupled element, a lens and a ring-shaped light source, the ring-shaped light source is installed at the front end of the lens and is used for adjusting the light intensity, the rear end of the lens is provided with the charge coupled element, and the centers of the ring-shaped light source, the lens and the charge coupled element are located on the same axis.

4. The device for in-situ detection of flank wear land morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein, The industrial camera is connected with a position adjusting support through a support, a position adjusting knob is arranged on the position adjusting support, and the shooting position distance of the camera can be finely adjusted by adjusting the knob on the position adjusting support.

5. The device for in-situ detection of flank wear land topography of end mills based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 4, wherein, The position adjusting support is arranged below a fixed support seat, so that the industrial camera is located on the side of the fixed support seat, and the line laser diameter scanner is arranged at the front end of the fixed support seat; the fixed support seat is arranged at the free end of the horizontal telescopic frame.

6. The device for in-situ detection of flank wear land morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 5, wherein, The line laser diameter scanner and the industrial camera are arranged on the fixed support seat at a predetermined position distance, so that interference does not occur in the detection process.

7. The in-process detection device for flank wear land morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein, The axis of the industrial camera is perpendicular to the axis of the handle of the end mill to be detected.

8. A method of in-process direct detection of flank wear land topography of an end mill according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The application further discloses a method for detecting the wear of an end mill, which comprises the following steps: (1) Through the host computer to the motion controller to issue instructions, control the execution of the slider on the slide rail movement, realize the double sensor detection device in space to move in the X direction and Z direction, control the horizontal telescopic frame in the Y direction on the stretch, will be described double sensor detection device to the detection position, respectively, record the X axis slide rail, Z axis slide rail execution slider movement position and the telescopic amount of horizontal telescopic frame, complete the measurement position calibration; Through the numerical control machine tool numerical control system control to be detected end mill moves to the image shooting position, adjust the industrial camera lens angle and shooting distance, and rotate the tool holder to the industrial camera to obtain complete and clear image of the side edge of the end mill to be detected, record the position coordinates of the tool holder on the machine tool coordinate system at this time, complete the end mill image detection initial position calibration; Control the motion system and machine tool spindle movement, so that the detected end mill is located above the line laser diameter scanner detection area, control the machine tool spindle in the Z axis direction from top to bottom movement, the line laser diameter scanner display appears data is detected end mill end position data, record the position coordinates of the slide rail execution slider, the telescopic amount of horizontal telescopic frame and the position coordinates of the end mill to be detected on the numerical control machine tool at this time, complete the line laser detection initial position calibration; (2) Through the industrial camera to obtain four cutting side edge image data of the end mill to be detected; wherein, after the end mill image detection initial position calibration, the numerical control machine tool numerical control system controls the machine tool spindle to pause for two seconds every 90 degrees rotation, so as to realize the acquisition of four cutting side edge image data of the end mill to be detected; (3) Through the line laser diameter scanner to obtain the diameter data of the end mill wear area; wherein, after the line laser detection initial position calibration, the numerical control system controls the tool holder to rotate, moves downward along the Z axis direction at a step length of 0.02mm, and obtains the diameter data of each step section for one turn; (4) The cutting side edge image data obtained in step (2) and the end mill wear area diameter laser data obtained in step (3) are transmitted to the host computer, and the host computer uses image processing technology to realize the extraction of the end mill wear area image, obtain the end mill cutting side edge wear amount, including the maximum wear width value and area value of the end mill cutting side edge; and obtain the wear depth at the end mill edge based on the end mill wear area diameter laser data; establish the relationship between the gray value of the end mill wear area image and the wear depth of the end mill, obtain the wear depth value of the whole wear area, and obtain the wear volume; establish the corresponding relationship between the end mill wear area diameter laser data and the end mill wear area image, realize the three-dimensional modeling of the end mill wear area, and obtain the multi-dimensional geometric feature quantity of the end mill wear area.

9. The in-process direct measurement of endmill side flank wear topography of claim 8, wherein, After the cutting side edge image data of the end mill obtained is filtered, denoised and pretreated, the end mill wear image is segmented, and the edge is extracted, so as to obtain the maximum wear width value and area value of the end mill cutting side edge, and thus obtain the wear amount of the end mill cutting side edge.

10. The in-process direct measurement of endmill side flank wear topography of claim 8 wherein, The laser data of the wear area diameter of the end mill is used to obtain the wear depth of the end mill blade, which is obtained by comparing the difference Δd between the diameter d of the end mill and the diameter value d0 of the end mill in the initial state, so as to obtain the wear depth value of the blade; the wear depth value of the blade is the same as the difference Δd.

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