Traveling Wave Tube Attenuator and Traveling Wave Tube

Abstract

This application provides a traveling wave tube (TWT) attenuator and a TWT. The basic structure of the TWT attenuator includes three cuboids. By constraining the dimensions of the three cuboids in different directions, a TWT attenuator with a specific structural shape is obtained. Thus, the TWT attenuator not only has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, but also, when installed after the slow-wave structure of the TWT, it can effectively cut off reflected signals, thereby providing sufficient suppression of self-excited oscillations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the structural design of traveling wave tubes, and more specifically to a traveling wave tube attenuator and a traveling wave tube including the traveling wave tube attenuator. Background Technology

[0002] Traveling wave tubes (TWTs) are microwave tubes that amplify signals by modulating the speed of an electron beam and are widely used in radar, communications, and other fields. However, coupled-cavity TWTs and helical TWTs suffer from difficulties in fabrication and relatively narrow bandwidth. In contrast, folded waveguide TWTs are easier to fabricate and do not have disadvantages in gain and bandwidth compared to other TWTs. Therefore, folded waveguide TWTs are mainly used when the signal frequency reaches the terahertz band above 100 GHz. A folded waveguide TWT mainly consists of an electron gun, a focusing system, a slow-wave structure (interaction circuit), input / output devices, and a collector. The slow-wave structure, as the most important component of the folded waveguide TWT, is mainly used for beam-wave interaction, which gives the TWT its high gain. However, the slow-wave structure cannot be perfectly matched with the input / output devices, inevitably generating reflected signals and causing self-oscillation. To cut off reflected signals and suppress self-oscillation, two solutions are generally adopted. The first solution is to use a concentrated attenuator, that is, to set a large attenuator in the slow-wave structure. This attenuator is usually supported by a material that can absorb microwaves. Another solution is to cut the slow-wave line, that is, to cut it at an appropriate location in the slow-wave structure and connect output devices and external matching loads to both ends of the cut. Existing traveling-wave tubes are more difficult to design and manufacture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, a novel traveling wave tube attenuator is proposed, which is easy to manufacture and can achieve good signal cutoff and suppression of self-oscillation. A traveling wave tube incorporating the above-mentioned traveling wave tube attenuator is also proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a traveling wave tube attenuator, the traveling wave tube attenuator comprising a first cuboid, a second cuboid, and a third cuboid fixed together, wherein three edges extending from any vertex of each cuboid extend along a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, respectively.

[0006] In the first direction, the first cuboid and the third cuboid are located on either side of the second cuboid.

[0007] In the second direction, the first cuboid has a dimension of T1, the second cuboid has a dimension of T2, and the third cuboid has a dimension of T3, satisfying T1. <T2<T3,

[0008] In the third direction, the dimensions of the first cuboid are W1, the dimensions of the second cuboid are W2, and the dimensions of the third cuboid are W3, satisfying W1 = W2 = W3.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application is easy to process and manufacture, which is beneficial for large-scale industrial production. Moreover, the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application can also provide a strong ability to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube, which is beneficial for suppressing self-excited oscillation.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, one side surface of the first cuboid, the second cuboid, and the third cuboid are flush in the second direction.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application is easier to process and manufacture.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, T2 = 2T1 is satisfied.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the ability of the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube is further guaranteed.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the third cuboid is formed with a through hole that extends through the third cuboid along the first direction.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the dimensions of the third cuboid in the second direction can be designed as needed without being affected by the electron beam of the slow wave structure, further ensuring the ability of the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube.

[0016] In one possible implementation according to the first aspect, the traveling wave tube attenuator further includes a wedge.

[0017] The wedge is located between the first cuboid and the second cuboid in the first direction, and the size of the wedge increases from the first cuboid toward the second cuboid in the second direction.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the ability of the traveling wave tube attenuator in this application to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube is further improved.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, in the second direction, one side surface of both the wedge and the first cuboid is flush.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application is easier to process and manufacture.

[0021] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the size of the wedge in the second direction gradually increases or increases in a stepped manner.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, a flexible structural design is provided to suit different processing methods and application scenarios, while ensuring the increase in the thickness of the wedge.

[0023] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the traveling wave tube attenuator is made of attenuating ceramic.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the ability of the traveling wave tube attenuator in this application to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube is further improved.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a traveling wave tube, which includes the traveling wave tube attenuator described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, a typical scenario for using the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application is proposed.

[0027] In one possible embodiment according to the second aspect, the traveling wave tube includes a slow-wave structure having a first channel extending in a straight line and a second channel extending in a periodically zigzag pattern, the second channel reciprocating through the first channel during its extension.

[0028] The first channel extends in the same direction as the first direction, the narrow side of the second channel extends in the same direction as the second direction, and the wide side of the second channel extends in the same direction as the third direction.

[0029] The dimension of the narrow side of the second channel is equal to the dimension difference between the second cuboid and the first cuboid in the second direction. The traveling wave tube attenuator is disposed at the end of the second channel, and the end of the second channel is closed by the second cuboid.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the traveling wave tube attenuator of this application is able to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube.

[0031] In one possible implementation according to the second aspect, the traveling wave tube includes a plurality of second channels, with the traveling wave tube attenuators disposed at the opposite ends of adjacent second channels.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the ability of the traveling wave tube attenuator in this application to cut off the reflected signal in the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube is further improved.

[0033] These and other aspects of this application will become more apparent in the description of the following embodiments(s). Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a perspective schematic diagram of a traveling wave tube attenuator according to a first embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a perspective schematic diagram of a traveling wave tube attenuator according to a second embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 3A This is a perspective schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a traveling wave tube according to a first embodiment of the present application, wherein the folded channel and the straight channel of its slow wave structure are shown in solid form.

[0038] Figure 3B It shows Figure 3A The graph shows the reflection coefficient of the traveling wave tube as a function of the signal frequency, where the vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient and the horizontal axis represents the signal frequency.

[0039] Figure 3C This is a perspective view showing a partial structure of a traveling wave tube according to a variant of the first embodiment of this application, wherein the folded channel and the straight channel of its slow wave structure are shown in solid form.

[0040] Figure 4A This is a perspective view showing a partial structure of a traveling wave tube according to a second embodiment of the present application, wherein the folded channel and the straight channel of the slow wave structure are shown in solid form.

[0041] Figure 4B It shows Figure 4A The graph shows the reflection coefficient of the traveling wave tube as a function of the signal frequency, where the vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient and the horizontal axis represents the signal frequency.

[0042] Figure 5AThis is a perspective view showing a partial structure of a traveling wave tube according to a third embodiment of the present application, wherein the folded channel and the straight channel of the slow wave structure are shown in solid form.

[0043] Figure 5B It shows Figure 5A The graph shows the reflection coefficient of the traveling wave tube as a function of the signal frequency, where the vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient and the horizontal axis represents the signal frequency.

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0045] AT traveling wave tube attenuator SW slow wave structure

[0046] 1 First cuboid 2 Second cuboid 3 Third cuboid 3h Through hole 4 Wedge 5 First channel (straight channel) 6 Second channel (folded channel)

[0047] L is the length direction, W is the width direction, and T is the thickness direction. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0049] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0050] Furthermore, to better illustrate this application, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application can be implemented even without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, and elements well-known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this application.

[0051] In the following embodiments, "first direction," "second direction," and "third direction" refer to the length direction, thickness direction, and width direction of the traveling wave tube attenuator according to this application, respectively, wherein the length direction, thickness direction, and width direction of the traveling wave tube attenuator are perpendicular to each other. The length direction of the traveling wave tube attenuator is consistent with the extension direction of the straight channel (first channel) of the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube, the thickness direction of the traveling wave tube attenuator is consistent with the narrow side direction of the folded channel (second channel) of the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube, and the width direction of the traveling wave tube attenuator is consistent with the wide side direction of the folded channel of the slow wave structure of the traveling wave tube.

[0052] The technical idea of this application is outlined below. The basic structure of the traveling-wave tube attenuator according to this application includes three cuboids. By constraining the dimensions of the three cuboids in different directions, a traveling-wave tube attenuator with a specific structural shape is obtained. In this way, the traveling-wave tube attenuator not only has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, but also can effectively cut off the reflected signal after being installed behind the slow-wave structure of the traveling-wave tube, so as to exert sufficient ability to suppress self-excited oscillation.

[0053] The traveling-wave tube attenuator according to different embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0054] (Traveling-wave tube attenuator according to the first embodiment of this application)

[0055] As Figure 1 shown, the traveling-wave tube attenuator AT according to the first embodiment of this application includes a first cuboid 1, a second cuboid 2, and a third cuboid 3 formed integrally. Three edges drawn from any vertex of each cuboid 1, 2, 3 extend along the length direction L, thickness direction T, and width direction W of the traveling-wave tube attenuator AT, respectively.

[0056] In the length direction L, the first cuboid 1 and the third cuboid 3 are located on both sides of the second cuboid 2, and the first cuboid 1 and the third cuboid 3 are directly connected to the second cuboid 2. Further, in the length direction L, the dimension of the first cuboid 1 is L1, the dimension of the second cuboid 2 is L2, and the dimension of the third cuboid 3 is L3, satisfying L1 < L3 < L2.

[0057] In the thickness direction T, one side ([[]] Figure 1 the upper side in of the first cuboid 1, the second cuboid 2, and the third cuboid 3 is flush. In the thickness direction T, the dimension of the first cuboid 1 is T1, the dimension of the second cuboid 2 is T2, and the dimension of the third cuboid 3 is T3, satisfying T1 < T2 < T3. According to actual needs, in an optional solution, it can satisfy T2 = 2T1 and T3 > 2T2.

[0058] In the width direction W, the dimension of the first cuboid 1 is W1, the dimension of the second cuboid 2 is W2, and the dimension of the third cuboid 3 is W3, satisfying W1 = W2 = W3.

[0059] By adopting the above structure, the traveling wave tube attenuator AT is configured in an L-shape. Furthermore, a through-hole 3h is formed in the third cuboid 3, extending along the length direction L and penetrating the third cuboid 3, allowing the electron beam of the traveling wave tube to propagate through the through-hole 3h. The through-hole 3h can be formed integrally. Moreover, to further improve the performance of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, the attenuator AT can be made of attenuating ceramics such as alumina, aluminum nitride, or beryllium oxide, or other attenuating materials capable of absorbing microwaves.

[0060] The following describes a traveling wave tube attenuator according to a second embodiment of this application.

[0061] (Traveling wave tube attenuator according to the second embodiment of this application)

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, compared to the traveling wave tube attenuator AT of the first embodiment of this application, the traveling wave tube attenuator AT of the second embodiment of this application further includes a wedge 4. In the length direction L, the wedge 4 is located between the first cuboid 1 and the second cuboid 2. The dimension of the wedge 4 in the thickness direction T gradually increases linearly from the first cuboid 1 toward the second cuboid 2. One side of both the wedge 4 and the first cuboid 1 ( Figure 2 The upper surface of the wedge 4 is flush with the upper surface of the first cuboid 1. The size of the wedge 4 gradually increases in the thickness direction T, and the minimum thickness of the wedge 4 is equal to the thickness of the first cuboid 1, while the maximum thickness of the wedge 4 is equal to the thickness of the second cuboid 2.

[0063] To accommodate different processing and application scenarios, in one optional scheme, the dimensions of the wedge 4 in the thickness direction T can be increased in a stepped manner. In this scheme, a wedge-shaped structure composed of multiple cuboids can actually be set between the first cuboid 1 and the second cuboid 2, serving as the wedge 4.

[0064] The following describes different embodiments of traveling wave tubes according to this application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] (Traveling wave tube according to the first embodiment of this application)

[0066] The traveling wave tube according to the first embodiment of this application is a D-band (110GHz to 170GHz) folded waveguide traveling wave tube. For example... Figure 3A As shown, the traveling wave tube includes a slow wave structure SW and a traveling wave tube attenuator AT of the first embodiment described above.

[0067] like Figure 3AAs shown, the slow-wave structure SW has a linearly extending first channel 5 and a periodically zigzag extending second channel 6, which oscillates back and forth through the first channel 5 during its extension. The extension direction of the first channel 5 is consistent with the length direction L of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, and the first channel 5 extends through the through-hole 3h of the third cuboid 3. The narrow side direction of the second channel 6 is consistent with the thickness direction T of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, and the wide side direction of the second channel 6 is consistent with the width direction W of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT.

[0068] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 3A The dimensions of the first cuboid 1 in the length direction L are L1 = 0.5 mm, the second cuboid 2 in the length direction L are L2 = 1.4 mm, and the third cuboid 3 in the length direction L are L3 = 0.5 mm. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1 in the thickness direction T are T1 = 0.2 mm, the second cuboid 2 in the thickness direction T are T2 = 0.4 mm, and the third cuboid 3 in the thickness direction T are T3 = 1.3 mm. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1, the second cuboid 2, and the third cuboid 3 in the width direction W are W1 = W2 = W3 = 1.12 mm. The traveling wave tube attenuator AT is made of beryllium oxide. The dimension of the narrow side of the second channel 6 is equal to the difference in dimension between the second cuboid 2 and the first cuboid 1 in the thickness direction T. The traveling wave tube attenuator AT is located at the end of the second channel 6. The first cuboid 1 is completely embedded in the wall of the second channel 6, and the portion of the second cuboid 2 that protrudes in the thickness direction T relative to the first cuboid 1 closes the second channel 6.

[0069] Furthermore, for those with such Figure 3A The traveling wave tube shown was used in a simulation experiment to obtain... Figure 3B The graph shown illustrates the variation of the reflection coefficient with respect to the signal frequency. Figure 3B As shown, during the simulation experiment, the reflection coefficient was always less than -17dB in the range of signal frequency from 150GHz to 180GHz. This is because the first cuboid 1 was set so that the traveling wave tube attenuator AT according to this application has sufficient attenuation.

[0070] The following describes a traveling wave tube according to a second embodiment of this application.

[0071] (Traveling wave tube according to the second embodiment of this application)

[0072] According to the second embodiment of this application, the traveling wave tube is a D-band (110GHz to 170GHz) folded waveguide traveling wave tube. For example... Figure 4A As shown, the traveling wave tube includes a slow wave structure SW and a traveling wave tube attenuator AT of the second embodiment described above.

[0073] like Figure 4AAs shown, the slow-wave structure SW has a first channel 5 extending in a straight line and a second channel 6 extending in a periodically zigzag pattern. The second channel 6 passes back and forth through the first channel 5 during its extension. The extension direction of the first channel 5 is consistent with the length direction L of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, and the first channel 5 extends through the through-hole 3h of the third cuboid 3. The narrow side direction of the second channel 6 is consistent with the thickness direction T of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, and the wide side direction of the second channel 6 is consistent with the width direction W of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT.

[0074] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 4A The traveling wave tube attenuator AT is made of beryllium oxide. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1 in the length direction L are L1 = 0.325 mm, the second cuboid 2 in the length direction L are L2 = 1.27 mm, the third cuboid 3 in the length direction L is L3 = 0.5 mm, and the wedge 4 in the length direction L is 0.305 mm. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1 in the thickness direction T are T1 = 0.2 mm, the second cuboid 2 in the thickness direction T are T2 = 0.4 mm, and the third cuboid 3 in the thickness direction T are T3 = 1.3 mm. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1, the second cuboid 2, and the third cuboid 3 in the width direction W are W1 = W2 = W3 = 1.12 mm. The dimension of the narrow side of the second channel 6 is equal to the difference between the dimensions of the second cuboid 2 and the first cuboid 1 in the thickness direction T. The traveling wave tube attenuator AT is located at the end of the second channel 6. The first cuboid 1 is completely embedded in the wall of the second channel 6, and the portion of the second cuboid 2 that protrudes in the thickness direction T relative to the first cuboid 1 closes the second channel 6.

[0075] Furthermore, regarding such Figure 4A The traveling wave tube shown was used in a simulation experiment to obtain... Figure 4B The graph shown illustrates the reflection coefficient versus signal frequency. According to the second embodiment of this application, the reflection coefficient of the traveling wave tube is consistently less than -18 dB, thus providing sufficient capability to cut off the transmitted signal.

[0076] The following describes a traveling wave tube according to a third embodiment of this application.

[0077] (Traveling wave tube according to the third embodiment of this application)

[0078] According to the third embodiment of this application, the traveling wave tube is a G-band (140GHz to 220GHz) folded waveguide traveling wave tube. For example... Figure 5A As shown, the traveling wave tube includes a slow wave structure SW and a variant of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT of the first embodiment described above. In this variant, the third cuboid 3 of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT does not have a through hole 3h for electron beam passage, and the corner of the third cuboid 3 is formed with a notched shape according to processing requirements.

[0079] like Figure 5A As shown, the slow-wave structure SW has a first channel 5 extending in a straight line and a second channel 6 extending in a periodically zigzag pattern. The second channel 6 passes back and forth through the first channel 5 during its extension. The extension direction of the first channel 5 is consistent with the length direction L of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, the narrow side direction of the second channel 6 is consistent with the thickness direction T of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT, and the wide side direction of the second channel 6 is consistent with the width direction W of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT.

[0080] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 5A The traveling wave tube attenuator AT is made of beryllium oxide. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1 in the length direction L are L1 = 0.5 mm, the second cuboid 2 in the length direction L are L2 = 1.4 mm, and the third cuboid 3 in the length direction L are L3 = 0.5 mm. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1 in the thickness direction T are T1 = 0.2 mm, the second cuboid 2 in the thickness direction T are T2 = 0.4 mm, and the third cuboid 3 in the thickness direction T are T3 = 1.3 mm. The dimensions of the first cuboid 1, the second cuboid 2, and the third cuboid 3 in the width direction W are W1 = W2 = W3 = 1.12 mm. The dimension of the narrow side of the second channel 6 is equal to the difference between the dimensions of the second cuboid 2 and the first cuboid 1 in the thickness direction T. The traveling wave tube attenuator AT is located at the end of the second channel 6. The first cuboid 1 is completely embedded in the wall of the second channel 6, and the portion of the second cuboid 2 that protrudes in the thickness direction T relative to the first cuboid 1 closes the second channel 6.

[0081] Thus, for those with such Figure 5A The traveling wave tube shown was used in a simulation experiment to obtain... Figure 5B The graph shown illustrates the variation of the reflection coefficient with respect to the signal frequency. Figure 5B As shown, during the simulation experiment, the reflection coefficient was always less than -16dB in the range of signal frequency from 214GHz to 224GHz.

[0082] The above content describes exemplary embodiments and related variations of the specific implementation of this application, and the following is a supplementary explanation.

[0083] i. In the optional solutions of the first embodiment of this application, such as Figure 3C As shown, it can be assumed that the midpoint of the folded channel (second channel 6) of the slow wave structure SW is broken, and a traveling wave tube attenuator AT with a large attenuation is set at the broken position of the second channel 6; it can also be assumed that the traveling wave tube includes multiple second channels 6, and traveling wave tube attenuators AT are set at the opposite ends of adjacent second channels 6.

[0084] The traveling wave tube (TWT) attenuator AT is installed at the midpoint of the slow-wave structure SW. This is mainly because the slow-wave structure SW can provide very high gain (generally above 30dB), and the slow-wave structure SW is essentially a bidirectional transmission line. High-frequency energy can flow from the input to the output, and energy from the output can return to the input, forming a feedback channel that causes self-excited oscillation. Placing the TWT attenuator AT at the midpoint of the slow-wave structure SW has little impact on the power amplification function of the TWT. Even with infinite attenuation, the electron beam modulated by the preceding slow-wave structure SW will quickly re-excite the electromagnetic wave in the following slow-wave structure SW, so it will not affect the amplification power. Moreover, the TWT attenuator AT can also cut off the transmitted signal.

[0085] ii. During the installation of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT of this application, the traveling wave tube attenuator AT needs to be placed into the slow wave structure SW of the traveling wave tube for welding. However, deformation may occur between the traveling wave tube attenuator AT and the slow wave structure SW during the welding process. To suppress or even eliminate this deformation, the traveling wave tube attenuator AT can be pre-fixed to a metal block (which can be made of molybdenum-copper alloy) with the same coefficient of thermal expansion, for example, by welding. This can accelerate heat dissipation during the installation of the traveling wave tube attenuator AT without affecting its structure.

[0086] iii. The traveling wave tube attenuator AT of this application is mainly used for D-band and G-band folded waveguide traveling wave tubes, but this application is not limited to this. The traveling wave tube attenuator AT of this application can also be used for various types of traveling wave tubes in other bands.

[0087] iv. It is understood that the traveling wave tube attenuator AT of this application can be manufactured in one piece, and since there are no difficult-to-process structures and shapes, it is beneficial for large-scale industrial production. Moreover, the traveling wave tube attenuator AT has a strong ability to cut off reflected signals through the first cuboid 1, that is, a large attenuation, which can significantly suppress self-excited oscillation.

[0088] Although this application has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art, by reviewing the accompanying drawings, disclosure, and appended claims, will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in carrying out the claimed application. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple instances. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce a good effect.

[0089] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A traveling wave tube attenuator, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube attenuator comprises a first cuboid, a second cuboid, and a third cuboid fixed together. Three edges extending from any vertex of each cuboid extend along a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, respectively. In the first direction, the first cuboid and the third cuboid are located on either side of the second cuboid. In the second direction, the first cuboid has a dimension of T1, the second cuboid has a dimension of T2, and the third cuboid has a dimension of T3, wherein T1 <T2<T3, In the third direction, the size of the first cuboid is W1, the size of the second cuboid is W2, and the size of the third cuboid is W3, where W1 = W2 = W3.

2. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second direction, one side surface of the first cuboid, the second cuboid, and the third cuboid are flush.

3. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to claim 2, characterized in that, Where T2 = 2T1.

4. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third cuboid has a through hole that extends through the third cuboid along the first direction.

5. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube attenuator also includes a wedge. The wedge-shaped body is located between the first cuboid and the second cuboid in the first direction.

6. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the second direction, one side surface of both the wedge and the first cuboid is flush.

7. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The size of the wedge gradually increases or increases in a stepwise manner in the second direction.

8. The traveling wave tube attenuator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube attenuator is made of attenuating ceramic.

9. A traveling wave tube, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube includes the traveling wave tube attenuator according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The traveling wave tube according to claim 9, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube includes a slow-wave structure, which has a first channel extending in a straight line and a second channel extending in a periodically zigzag pattern. The second channel oscillates back and forth through the first channel during its extension. The first channel extends in the same direction as the first direction, the narrow side of the second channel extends in the same direction as the second direction, and the wide side of the second channel extends in the same direction as the third direction. The dimension of the narrow side of the second channel is equal to the dimension difference between the second cuboid and the first cuboid in the second direction. The traveling wave tube attenuator is disposed at the end of the second channel, and the end of the second channel is closed by the second cuboid.

11. The traveling wave tube according to claim 10, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube includes a plurality of second channels, and the traveling wave tube attenuators are provided at the opposite ends of adjacent second channels.

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