Radial gradient loading structure of high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube

Abstract

The application discloses a high-gain radial gradually-changing loading structure of a gyrotron traveling wave tube, which comprises a gradually-changing attenuation ceramic section, a uniform attenuation ceramic section and a metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section which are sequentially nested outside an electron beam channel, wherein the gradually-changing attenuation ceramic section is a plurality of gradually-changing attenuation ceramics which are sequentially connected, the uniform attenuation ceramic section is also a plurality of uniform attenuation ceramics which are sequentially connected, and the outer diameters of the plurality of gradually-changing attenuation ceramics sequentially increase towards the uniform attenuation ceramic section; then a gradually-changing metal cylinder is sleeved outside the gradually-changing attenuation ceramic, and the gradually-changing metal cylinder, the uniform attenuation ceramic and a heat insulation metal gasket have the same outer diameter; and a loading section heat dissipation metal cylinder is further sleeved outside the gradually-changing metal cylinder, the uniform attenuation ceramic and the heat insulation metal gasket, namely, the gradually-changing attenuation ceramic structure is adopted to realize gradually-increasing attenuation, so that the gain and bandwidth of the gyrotron traveling wave tube are improved, and the working stability of the gyrotron traveling wave tube is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vacuum electronics technology, and in particular to a high-gain gyroscopic traveling wave tube radially tapered loading structure. Background Technology

[0002] Gyrotron traveling wave tubes (TWTs) are widely used in millimeter-wave satellite imaging, satellite cataloging, precision weather forecasting, precision guidance, communications, electronic countermeasures, particle accelerators, microwave remote sensing, thermonuclear fusion, and microwave energy applications in scientific research, industry, military, and civilian microwave electronic systems. Existing TWTs employ a periodic ceramic loading structure in their high-frequency structure, which uses abrupt attenuation. Since periodic ceramic loading structures achieve microwave amplification through abrupt attenuation, this significantly impacts the gain, bandwidth, and operational stability of the TWT structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a high-gain gyro traveling wave tube (GWT) radially gradient loading structure to solve the problem that existing GWT structures using abrupt attenuation limit the gain, bandwidth, and operational stability of the GWT structure.

[0004] This invention provides a high-gain gyro traveling wave tube radially gradient loading structure. The gyro traveling wave tube includes a gradient attenuation ceramic section, a uniform attenuation ceramic section, and a high-frequency interaction section of a metal cylinder, which are nested sequentially around the electron beam channel. The gradient attenuation ceramic section includes multiple stages of gradient attenuation ceramics connected in sequence, and the uniform attenuation ceramic section includes multiple stages of uniform attenuation ceramics connected in sequence. The outer diameter of the multiple stages of gradient attenuation ceramics increases sequentially toward the uniform attenuation ceramic section.

[0005] Insulating metal gaskets are provided between each grade of gradually decaying ceramic, between each grade of uniformly decaying ceramic, and between the graded decaying ceramic and the uniformly decaying ceramic.

[0006] The gradient decay ceramic is surrounded by a gradient metal cylinder, and the outer diameters of the gradient metal cylinder, the uniform decay ceramic, and the heat insulation metal gasket are the same. A loading section heat dissipation metal cylinder is provided outside the gradient metal cylinder, the uniform decay ceramic, and the heat insulation metal gasket.

[0007] Optionally, the number of the gradient decay ceramics is greater than two.

[0008] Optionally, the number of the gradient metal cylinders is the same as the number of the gradient decay ceramics.

[0009] Optionally, the high-frequency interaction section of the metal cylinder is coaxially connected to the tail end of the heat dissipation metal cylinder of the loading section.

[0010] Optionally, the material of the gradually attenuating ceramic and the uniform attenuating ceramic is beryllium oxide.

[0011] Optionally, the material of the metal cylinder high frequency interaction section, the heat insulation metal pad and the gradually attenuating metal cylinder is oxygen-free copper.

[0012] Optionally, the thickness of each gradually attenuating ceramic is the same, and is 2-5mm.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of each uniform attenuating ceramic is the same, and is 2-5mm.

[0014] Optionally, the thickness of the heat insulation metal pad is 2-5mm.

[0015] The present application has the following advantages:

[0016] The present application provides a high gain gyrotron, the high gain gyrotron of the present application adopts a radial gradually attenuating ceramic structure, that is, gradually increasing attenuation is realized, thus the gain of the gyrotron can be improved by more than 8.5dB in the Ka millimeter wave band, the bandwidth is improved by more than 0.5GHz, and the working stability is greatly improved. The structure has the advantages of convenient processing and simple process implementation.

[0017] The above description is only a summary of the technical scheme of the present application, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, the content of the specification can be implemented, and in order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the present application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a description of preferred embodiments, and are not meant to limit the present application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals are used throughout the several drawings to designate the same or similar parts. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of a high gain gyrotron provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a periodic loading structure of an existing gyrotron;

[0021] Figure 3 is a graph of an existing reference output peak power;

[0022] Figure 4 is an input power of an existing periodic loading structure;

[0023] Figure 5is the input power of the existing radial gradient loading structure;

[0024] Figure 6 is the electron beam phase space diagram of the existing radial gradient loading structure;

[0025] Figure 7 is the electron beam phase space diagram of the existing periodic loading structure;

[0026] Figure 8 is the working mode field pattern distribution diagram of the existing radial gradient loading structure;

[0027] Figure 9 is the working mode field pattern distribution diagram of the existing periodic loading structure;

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1 - first stage gradient attenuation ceramic; 2 - second stage gradient attenuation ceramic; 3 - third stage gradient attenuation ceramic; 4 - fourth stage gradient attenuation ceramic; 5 - fifth stage gradient attenuation ceramic; 6 - primary uniform attenuation ceramic; 7 - first stage gradient metal cylinder 1; 8 - second stage gradient metal cylinder 2; 9 - third stage gradient metal cylinder 3; 10 - fourth stage gradient metal cylinder 4; 11 - fifth stage gradient metal cylinder 5; 12 - electron beam channel; 13 - loaded section heat dissipation metal cylinder; 14 - heat insulation metal gasket; 15 - final stage uniform attenuation ceramic; 16 - metal cylinder high frequency interaction section; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are merely intended to explain the application and not to limit the application.

[0030] In view of the problem that the existing gyrotron structure using abrupt attenuation limits the gain, bandwidth and working stability of the gyrotron structure, embodiments of the application provide a high-gain gyrotron, referring to Figure 1 The gyrotron of the embodiments of the application comprises a gradient attenuation ceramic section, a uniform attenuation ceramic section and a metal cylinder high frequency interaction section 16 which are nested in the periphery of an electron beam channel 12 in sequence, wherein the gradient attenuation ceramic section comprises multiple gradient attenuation ceramics connected in sequence, i.e. first stage gradient attenuation ceramic 1, second stage gradient attenuation ceramic 2, third stage gradient attenuation ceramic 3, fourth stage gradient attenuation ceramic 4 and fifth stage gradient attenuation ceramic 5, and the uniform attenuation ceramic section comprises multiple uniform attenuation ceramics connected in sequence, which include primary uniform attenuation ceramic 6 to final stage uniform attenuation ceramic 16, and the outer diameters of the multiple gradient attenuation ceramics increase in sequence towards the uniform attenuation ceramic section, and then the multiple uniform attenuation ceramics of the application can include first stage uniform attenuation ceramic, second stage uniform attenuation ceramic, etc.

[0031] It should be noted that the number of the multi-stage gradually attenuating ceramic and the multi-stage uniform attenuating ceramic in the embodiment of the present application can be set arbitrarily according to actual needs, and the present application does not make specific limitation thereto.

[0032] The heat-insulating metal gaskets 14 are arranged between each stage of the gradually attenuating ceramic, between each stage of the uniform attenuating ceramic, and between the gradually attenuating ceramic and the uniform attenuating ceramic;

[0033] The gradually attenuating ceramic is surrounded by a gradually attenuating metal cylinder, which is matched with the multi-stage gradually attenuating ceramic, that is, the gradually attenuating metal cylinder also comprises multi-stages, and the inner diameter of each stage of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder is matched with the outer diameter of the corresponding gradually attenuating ceramic, that is, the inner diameter of the first stage of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder 7 is matched with the outer diameter of the corresponding first stage of the gradually attenuating ceramic 1, and then the second stage of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder 8, the third stage of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder 9, the fourth stage of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder 10, and the fifth stage of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder 11 are also matched with the corresponding gradually attenuating metal cylinder respectively.

[0034] Then the outer diameters of the gradually attenuating metal cylinder, the uniform attenuating ceramic 6, and the heat-insulating metal gasket 14 are the same, and a loading section heat-dissipating metal cylinder is arranged outside the gradually attenuating metal cylinder, the uniform attenuating ceramic 6, and the heat-insulating metal gasket 14.

[0035] When the high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading ceramic structure in the embodiment of the present application works, the gradually increasing attenuation and gradually enhanced beam-wave interaction are carried out by the high-energy electron beam in the area of the gradually attenuating ceramic, and since the attenuation does not occur suddenly, the gain, bandwidth, and stability of the radial gradually attenuating loading ceramic structure can be effectively improved.

[0036] The existing gyrotron traveling wave tube adopts a periodic ceramic loading structure for high-frequency structure, and belongs to a sudden attenuation mode, as shown in Figure 2 , which is limited in output power, gain, bandwidth, and efficiency. In the case that all electrical parameters of the gyrotron traveling wave tube are consistent and the high-frequency structure size is consistent, as shown in Figure 3 , the input power of 306W is required for the periodic loading ceramic structure, as shown in Figure 4 , and the input power of only 43W is required for the radial gradually attenuating loading ceramic structure, as shown in Figure 5 . The spatial distribution of the electron beam of the radial gradually attenuating loading ceramic structure and the periodic loading ceramic structure is as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 . The working mode field amplification of the radial gradually attenuating loading ceramic structure and the periodic loading ceramic structure is as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9The simulation shows that, in Ka millimeter wave band, the gain of the high-gain gyrotron tube with the radially tapered structure can be increased by more than 8.5 dB, the bandwidth can be increased by more than 0.5 GHz, and the operation is more stable and reliable at the same power level.

[0037] The high-gain gyrotron tube according to the embodiment of the present application will be explained and described in detail through a specific example as follows. Figure 1 The high-gain gyrotron tube according to the embodiment of the present application will be explained and described in detail through a specific example as follows.

[0038] As shown in the figure, the radially tapered ceramic structure of the high-gain gyrotron tube has the advantages of simple structure and easy manufacturing. Figure 1 The radially tapered ceramic structure of the high-gain gyrotron tube has the advantages of simple structure and easy manufacturing. The structure is composed of a first-stage tapered attenuation ceramic 1, a second-stage tapered attenuation ceramic 2, a third-stage tapered attenuation ceramic 3, a fourth-stage tapered attenuation ceramic 4, a fifth-stage tapered attenuation ceramic 5, a plurality of uniform attenuation ceramics, a plurality of heat insulation metal spacers 14, a first-stage tapered metal cylinder 1, a second-stage tapered metal cylinder 2, a third-stage tapered metal cylinder 3, a fourth-stage tapered metal cylinder 4, a fifth-stage tapered metal cylinder 5, a heat dissipation metal cylinder 13 of the loading section, a metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section 16, and an electron beam passage 12.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of each tapered attenuation ceramic is the same, which is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of each uniform attenuation ceramic is the same, which is 2-5 mm. The thickness of the heat insulation metal spacer is 2-5 mm. The skilled in the art can make any settings according to actual needs, and the present application will not be described here.

[0040] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the inner diameter of all the tapered attenuation ceramics is R0, the height is L3, and the outer diameter is tapered from R1 to R6, where R1≤R2≤R3≤R4≤R5≤R6, and the material is beryllium oxide. The inner diameter of all the uniform attenuation ceramics is R0, the outer diameter is R6, and the height is L3, and the material is beryllium oxide.

[0041] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the inner diameter of all the heat insulation metal spacers 14 is R0, the outer diameter is R6, and the thickness is L4. The coaxial inlay between each section of attenuation ceramic plays a role in heat conduction and flow guidance, and uses oxygen-free copper material.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of tapered attenuation ceramics is n, and n≥2.

[0043] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the outer diameter of all the tapered metal cylinders is R6, the height is L3, the inner diameter is tapered from R1 to R6, and R1≤R2≤R3≤R4≤R5≤R6. The coaxial nesting of the tapered attenuation ceramics is connected to the left and right ends of the heat insulation metal spacers, plays a role in heat conduction and flow guidance, and is made of oxygen-free copper material.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the gradually changing metal cylinders is n, and n≥2. The number of the gradually changing attenuation ceramics is equal to the number of the gradually changing metal cylinders.

[0045] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the inner diameter of the heat-dissipating metal cylinder 13 in the loading section is R6, the outer diameter is R7, and the height is L2. All the attenuation ceramics, the gradually changing metal cylinders, and the heat-insulating metal gaskets 14 are coaxially sleeved in the heat-dissipating metal cylinder 13 in the loading section.

[0046] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the inner diameter of the high-frequency interaction section 16 of the metal cylinder is R0, the outer diameter is R7, and the height is L1. The high-frequency interaction section 16 of the metal cylinder is coaxially connected to the right end of the heat-dissipating metal cylinder 13 in the loading section.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, the electron beam channel 12 has a cylindrical structure with a radius of R0 and a length of L1+L2. Each gradually changing attenuation ceramic and each uniform attenuation ceramic are alternately coaxially placed with the heat-insulating metal gaskets 14, and are sleeved in the heat-dissipating metal cylinder 13 in the loading section. The high-frequency interaction section 16 of the metal cylinder is coaxially connected to the right end of the heat-dissipating metal cylinder 13 in the loading section.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, the attenuation amount is adjusted by changing the outer diameter of the gradually changing attenuation ceramic, i.e., by changing the thickness of the attenuation ceramic. In this case, the attenuation amount is adjusted by changing the sizes of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6, and R1≤R2≤R3≤R4≤R5≤R6 is satisfied.

[0049] In general, when the high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube with the radially gradually changing loading attenuation ceramic structure in the embodiment of the present application works, the gradually increasing attenuation and the gradually changing beam-wave interaction occur through the high-energy electron beam in the area where the gradually changing attenuation ceramic is located. Since the attenuation does not suddenly change, the gain, the bandwidth, and the stability of the radially gradually changing loading ceramic structure can be effectively improved.

[0050] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various improvements, additions, and substitutions are possible, and therefore, the scope of the present application should not be limited to the above-described embodiments.

Claims

1. A high gain radial gradient loaded structure of a gyrotron traveling wave tube, characterized in that, The structure comprises a gradually attenuating ceramic section, a uniform attenuating ceramic section and a metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section which are sequentially nested in the periphery of the electron beam channel, wherein the gradually attenuating ceramic section comprises a plurality of gradually attenuating ceramics which are sequentially connected, and the uniform attenuating ceramic section comprises a plurality of uniform attenuating ceramics which are sequentially connected, and the outer diameter of the gradually attenuating ceramics sequentially increases towards the uniform attenuating ceramic section; Thermal insulation metal gaskets are arranged between each gradually attenuating ceramic, between each uniform attenuating ceramic, and between the gradually attenuating ceramic and the uniform attenuating ceramic; The gradually attenuating ceramic is sleeved with a gradually attenuating metal cylinder which is matched with the gradually attenuating ceramics, i.e. the inner diameter of each gradually attenuating metal cylinder is matched with the outer diameter of the corresponding gradually attenuating ceramic, and the gradually attenuating metal cylinder, the uniform attenuating ceramic and the thermal insulation metal gasket have the same outer diameter, and a loading section heat dissipation metal cylinder is sleeved outside the gradually attenuating metal cylinder, the uniform attenuating ceramic and the thermal insulation metal gasket.

2. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to claim 1, wherein The number of the gradually attenuating ceramics is greater than two.

3. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to claim 2, wherein The number of the gradually attenuating metal cylinders is the same as the number of the gradually attenuating ceramics.

4. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to claim 1, wherein The metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section is coaxially connected with the tail end of the loading section heat dissipation metal cylinder.

5. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to claim 1, wherein The materials of the gradually attenuating ceramics and the uniform attenuating ceramics are beryllium oxide.

6. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to claim 1, wherein The materials of the metal cylinder high-frequency interaction section, the thermal insulation metal gasket and the gradually attenuating metal cylinder are oxygen-free copper materials.

7. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein The thicknesses of each gradually attenuating ceramic are the same and are 2-5 mm.

8. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein The thicknesses of each uniform attenuating ceramic are the same and are 2-5 mm.

9. The high-gain gyrotron traveling wave tube radial gradually attenuating loading structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein The thickness of the thermal insulation metal gasket is 2-5 mm.

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