Broadband millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna element and array structure composed of same

Abstract

A broadband millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna unit and an array structure composed of the same, the antenna unit layer structure is sequentially from top to bottom a high dielectric constant rectangular dielectric block of top layer, a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate of top layer and a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate of bottom layer. A plurality of air holes are introduced around the dielectric block to make the four modes of the antenna distributed in the millimeter wave frequency range of 21-43.65GHz working frequency band, and better impedance matching is realized in the free space. The lower surface of the top layer dielectric substrate is provided with a metal floor, and a feed gap is etched on the metal floor; the metal floor and the low dielectric constant of the bottom layer are bonded through an adhesive layer, and the lower surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip line. A 1xN antenna array is composed of a plurality of broadband dielectric resonator antenna units with the same structure. The dielectric resonator antenna array of the application can work in the frequency range of 24-40GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 50%; at the same time, the antenna array can realize a peak gain of 14.75dBi; in addition, the dielectric resonator antenna array has a wide-angle scanning characteristic, and the maximum scanning angle is ±56°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention can be applied to the field of wireless antennas, and proposes a broadband dielectric resonator antenna unit and array structure that operates in the millimeter-wave band. Background Technology

[0002] Before the advent of fifth-generation mobile communication systems, most communication systems revolved around the Sub-6GHz band. Excessive occupation led to spectrum saturation in the low-frequency range. To address this issue, attention turned to higher frequencies, which offer abundant spectrum resources that have not yet been widely utilized, making them highly usable. Millimeter-wave technology provides a solution for high data rates and bandwidth, contributing to the advancement of fifth-generation (5G) communication and its subsequent development. Antennas operating in the millimeter-wave band should consider two aspects: First, millimeter-wave antennas should have a wide impedance bandwidth, capable of simultaneously providing full coverage of the 5G millimeter-wave FR2 band, specifically n257 (26.5-29.5GHz), n258 (24.25-27.5GHz), n260 (37.0-40.0GHz), and n261 (27.5-28.35GHz). Second, millimeter-wave antennas should possess beam-scanning characteristics and be able to scan a wide angle to ensure connectivity between terminals and base stations.

[0003] In current millimeter-wave antenna designs, most broadband antennas cannot achieve full coverage of the 5G millimeter-wave FR2 band, specifically n257 (26.5-29.5GHz), n258 (24.25-27.5GHz), n260 (37.0-40.0GHz), and n261 (27.5-28.35GHz). While some antenna solutions, such as electromagnetic dipole antennas and stacked patch antennas, can achieve full coverage of the target frequency band, the radiating elements of these antennas are all metallic structures. In the millimeter-wave band, the ohmic loss of metal increases significantly, leading to a rapid decrease in radiation efficiency. Dielectric resonator antennas, compared to traditional metallic antennas, exhibit lower loss and higher radiation efficiency in the millimeter-wave band, showing broad application prospects. However, currently proposed dielectric resonator antennas still have some drawbacks, such as large size, making it impossible to achieve wide beam scanning characteristics; and narrow frequency band coverage due to smaller dielectric resonators, preventing full coverage of the target frequency band. Therefore, designing a dielectric resonator antenna that can provide full coverage of the FR2 (24.25 GHz - 40 GHz) band while also achieving wide beam scanning characteristics is a pressing problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a broadband dielectric resonator antenna element and a dielectric resonator antenna array. In the dielectric resonator antenna element, a wide bandwidth is achieved by combining higher-order modes with the fundamental mode through a multi-layer structure. Multiple air holes are introduced around the top rectangular dielectric block with a high dielectric constant. This aims to distribute the four resonant modes of the antenna element within the target frequency range. Simultaneously, the air holes allow for better impedance matching in free space, enabling the antenna to achieve broadband characteristics. Based on the element design, this invention provides a broadband 1×4 dielectric resonator antenna array with beam scanning capability. The top rectangular dielectric block structure minimizes the element spacing after antenna array assembly, thus achieving wide-angle beam scanning characteristics. The top of the antenna array uses dielectric arms made of the same material as the dielectric block to connect the four elements, forming an integrated design. To improve the isolation between elements and achieve wide beam scanning characteristics across the entire frequency range, a combination of metal pillars and metal holes is used. This dielectric resonator antenna scheme is highly efficient, compact, and has a small element spacing that meets the wide-angle beam scanning requirements of the array, supporting full coverage of the millimeter-wave target frequency band. This invention solves the problem that current dielectric resonator antennas cannot simultaneously achieve wide bandwidth and wide angle beam scanning in the millimeter wave band. The proposed broadband millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna has the potential to be implemented in 5G application terminals, which is beneficial to market promotion.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna element has a core three-layer structure (dielectric block 1, dielectric substrate 2, and dielectric substrate 6). The antenna element has four resonant modes within its operating frequency band, namely the fundamental mode TE of the dielectric resonator. 1δ1 The fundamental mode TE formed by the center of the dielectric resonator 1δ1 The cubic modulus TE along the x-axis 3δ1 The cubic modulus TE along the y-direction δ31 By utilizing a multi-layer structure, multiple modes of the antenna are excited, combining the fundamental mode with higher-order modes (tertiary modes) to achieve wide bandwidth characteristics. The antenna elements, from top to bottom, are: dielectric block 1, top dielectric substrate 2, metal ground plane 3, adhesive layer 5, bottom dielectric substrate 6, and antenna feeding structure, as detailed below:

[0007] The top layer is a rectangular dielectric block 1 with a high dielectric constant. Air holes 9 are introduced inside the dielectric block 1 to improve impedance matching, allowing the four modes of the antenna to be distributed within the millimeter-wave frequency range of 21-43.65 GHz. Simultaneously, introducing air holes around the rectangular dielectric block reduces the overall dielectric constant of the block, enabling better impedance matching of the antenna in free space. The distance 10 between the centers of every two air holes is 0.7 mm.

[0008] The low dielectric constant top dielectric substrate 2 is located below the dielectric block 1.

[0009] The lower layer of the dielectric substrate 2 is a metal ground plane 3, and there is a coupling slot structure 4 in the middle of the metal ground plane 3. The feeding structure can feed the antenna upward through the slot.

[0010] The lower layer of the metal floor 3 is an adhesive layer 5, and the two low dielectric constant dielectric substrates 2 and 6 are bonded together through the adhesive layer 5 and the metal floor 3.

[0011] The bottom layer is a low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate 6. Below the bottom dielectric substrate 6 is an antenna feeding structure, including a microstrip line 7 and an impedance transformation structure, i.e., an impedance transformation line 8, for the microstrip line. Radio frequency signals are fed into the microstrip line 7, and the microstrip line 7 undergoes impedance transformation for better impedance matching. The slot structure 4 is perpendicular to the microstrip line 7 and the impedance transformation line 8, and the energy in the microstrip line is coupled to the top dielectric block 1 through the slot structure 4.

[0012] Furthermore, no air hole 9 is introduced at the center of the dielectric block 1, making it a solid structure. This is to better receive signals coupled from the microstrip line by the slot structure, while avoiding too many air holes in the dielectric block, which would reduce the dielectric constant of the dielectric block and degrade the performance of the dielectric resonator antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, the coupling gap structure 4 in the metal floor 3 becomes H-shaped, and after combination, it is perpendicular to the microstrip line 7 and the impedance transformation line 8.

[0014] Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the top dielectric block 1 is not less than 10. The top dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom dielectric substrate 6 use the same dielectric constant, which is not greater than 10. The dielectric constant of the adhesive layer 5 material should not be greater than 10.

[0015] The antenna element provided by this invention: The proposed broadband dielectric resonator antenna element excites multiple modes based on the aforementioned three-layer structure, thereby achieving wide bandwidth characteristics. This antenna element has a total of four resonant modes, including the fundamental mode TE of the dielectric resonator at 24 GHz. 1δ1 The fundamental mode TE at 30 GHz, formed by the center of the dielectric resonator. 1δ1 The cubic mode TE along the x-axis at 36.2 GHz 3δ1 and the cubic mode TE along the y-direction at 41.7 GHz δ31 It is worth mentioning that the high gain obtained by the antenna at high frequencies is due to the higher-order TE mode. δ31 This is caused by changing the width of medium block 1 to make it narrower, which will affect the higher-order mode TE. δ31When these modes disappear, the gain at high frequencies decreases significantly. This allows us to obtain higher-order modes of the dielectric resonator, enabling high antenna gain and further widening the operating bandwidth of the dielectric resonator antenna. Ultimately, this achieves the broadband, high-gain, and wide-angle scanning dielectric resonator antenna array described in this invention.

[0016] A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array is provided, which consists of four identical broadband dielectric resonator antenna elements, forming a 1×4 antenna array. This array can achieve high gain and scanning characteristics. Considering the manufacturing difficulties, the four antenna elements are connected by dielectric arms 11, wherein the material of the dielectric arms 11 is the same as that of the dielectric block 1.

[0017] Metal apertures 12 and metal pillars 13 are introduced simultaneously into the dielectric arm. The metal pillars are located at the center of the dielectric arm, and the metal apertures are located on the top and bottom sides of the metal pillars. The combination of metal pillars and metal apertures improves the isolation between elements, thereby further improving the scanning characteristics of the dielectric resonator antenna.

[0018] Furthermore, the distance between the center points of adjacent antenna elements is 0.48λ0, resulting in a compact antenna array structure that avoids grating lobes at high frequencies during scanning. Here, λ0 represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating bandwidth.

[0019] Furthermore, in order to improve the scanning characteristics of the antenna array, the two central rows of air holes in the air holes 9 inside each dielectric block 1 are recessed inward by 0.3 mm.

[0020] The antenna array of the present invention, composed of antenna elements, is used as follows: air holes are introduced around the dielectric block so that the four modes of the antenna are distributed within the target frequency band. The four modes of the antenna array correspond to the four modes of the antenna elements, and no new resonant modes are generated.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The broadband dielectric resonator antenna element constructed in this invention is an effective terminal millimeter-wave antenna solution. This design uses a rectangular dielectric resonator as the radiating element, possessing higher radiation efficiency than metallic antennas, effectively solving the problem of low radiation efficiency in metallic antennas. The antenna element covers a frequency range of 21-43.65 GHz, with four operating modes within this range: the fundamental mode TE of the dielectric resonator at 24 GHz. 1δ1 The fundamental mode TE at 30 GHz, formed by the center of the dielectric resonator. 1δ1 The cubic mode TE along the x-axis at 36.2 GHz 3δ1 The cubic mode TE along the y-direction at 41.7 GHz δ31By combining the above four resonant modes, the problem of narrow bandwidth coverage, which is difficult to solve with small-sized dielectric resonator antennas, can be resolved.

[0023] (2) The broadband 1×4 dielectric resonator antenna array with beam control capability constructed by the present invention based on the above-mentioned broadband dielectric resonator antenna unit can still operate in the frequency range of 24-40GHz, and can fully cover the target frequency band with a relative bandwidth of 50%; at the same time, the antenna array can achieve a peak gain of 14.75dBi; in addition, the maximum scanning angle of the dielectric resonator antenna array at 24GHz and 40GHz is ±56° and ±32°, respectively. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the broadband dielectric resonator antenna unit proposed in this invention;

[0025] Figure 2(a) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the top high dielectric constant dielectric layer structure in the unit structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2(b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the low dielectric constant dielectric substrate in the intermediate layer of the unit structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2(c) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the low dielectric constant dielectric substrate at the bottom layer in the unit structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a graph showing the reflection coefficient and gain curve of the unit structure simulation;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a graph of the real part of the input impedance from the simulation of the unit structure.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the broadband dielectric resonator antenna array proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6(a) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the top high dielectric constant dielectric layer structure in the array structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the low dielectric constant dielectric substrate in the middle layer of the array structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6(c) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the low dielectric constant dielectric substrate at the bottom layer in the array structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6(d) is a top view of the high dielectric constant dielectric block in the array structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a graph showing the reflection coefficient and gain curve of the array structure simulation;

[0036] Figure 8(a) shows the scanning results at a frequency of 24 GHz in the array structure;

[0037] Figure 8(b) shows the scanning results at a frequency of 30 GHz in the array structure;

[0038] Figure 8(c) shows the scanning results at a frequency of 40 GHz in the array structure;

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Dielectric block; 2. Top dielectric substrate; 3. Metal ground plane; 4. Coupling slot structure; 5. Adhesive layer; 6. Bottom dielectric substrate; 7. Microstrip line; 8. Impedance transformation line; 9. Air hole; 10. Distance between two air holes. 1A array structure dielectric block; 2A array structure top dielectric substrate; 3A array structure metal ground plane; 4A and 4B array structures coupling slot structure; 5A array structure adhesive layer; 6A array structure bottom dielectric substrate; 7A array structure antenna microstrip feed structure; 8A array structure impedance transformation line 1; 8B array structure impedance transformation line 2; 9A array structure top dielectric block air hole; 10A array structure top dielectric block distance between two air holes; 11 array structure connecting unit to unit structure dielectric arm; 12 array antenna upper structure metal hole; 13 array antenna upper structure metal pillar. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 The overall structure of the broadband dielectric resonator antenna unit is shown in the figure. The unit antenna is mainly composed of three parts: a high dielectric constant dielectric block 1 at the top layer, a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate 2 in the middle layer, and a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate 6 at the bottom layer. The lower layer of the dielectric substrate 2 is a metal ground plane 3. The two low dielectric constant dielectric substrates and the ground plane are bonded together with an adhesive layer 5.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2(a), the high-dielectric-constant dielectric block 1 at the top layer is a cuboid structure with a dielectric constant of 10.5, a length of 6.3 mm, a width of 4.9 mm, and a thickness of 1.016 mm. Air holes 9 are introduced into the dielectric block. To improve impedance matching of the unit antenna, the diameter 9 of the air holes 9 is 0.5 mm, and the center-to-center distance 10 between the holes is 0.7 mm. To improve the scanning characteristics of the array, the two middle rows of air holes 9 are recessed inward by 0.3 mm.

[0043] Figure 2(b) shows the low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate 2 of the middle layer of the unit structure. The dielectric substrate 2 is made of a material with a dielectric constant of 2.2, and has a length of 14.9 mm, a width of 12.56 mm, and a thickness of 0.254 mm. The lower layer of the dielectric substrate 2 is a metal ground plane 3. A coupling slot structure 4 is set at the center of the ground plane. The coupling slot structure 4 has a length of 2.7 mm and a width of 0.45 mm, and is perpendicular to the microstrip line 7 and the impedance transformation line 8. As shown in Figure 2(c), the bottom layer of the unit structure is a dielectric substrate 6. The dielectric constant and dimensions of the dielectric substrate 6 are the same as those of the dielectric substrate 2. Below the dielectric substrate 6 is the microstrip feed structure of the unit antenna, including the microstrip line 7 and the impedance transformation line 8. To achieve better impedance matching for the antenna, impedance matching is performed on the microstrip line 7, and the impedance transformation line 8 is also impedance matched. The microstrip line 7 has a length of 7.3 mm and a width of 0.78 mm; the impedance transformation line 8 has a length of 2 mm and a width of 0.55 mm. The top dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom dielectric substrate 6 are connected by an adhesive layer 5. The adhesive layer 5 has a dielectric constant of 3.5, a length of 14.9 mm, a width of 12.56 mm, and a thickness of 1.016 mm.

[0044] Figure 3 The figure shows the reflection coefficient and gain curves of the proposed broadband dielectric resonator antenna element structure. As can be seen from the figure, this element structure can cover a frequency band of 21-43.65 GHz, with a bandwidth of 70.07%. This impedance bandwidth can simultaneously cover the FR2 frequency bands n258 (24.25-27.5 GHz), n257 (26.5-30 GHz), and n260 (37-40 GHz). In the operating frequency band, maximum and minimum gains of 8.72 dBi (obtained at 40.9 GHz) and 3.38 dBi (obtained at 25.9 GHz) can be obtained, respectively.

[0045] Figure 4 The graph shows the real part of the input impedance of the proposed broadband dielectric resonator antenna element structure as a function of frequency. It can be seen from the graph that the antenna element has four resonant modes located at 20 GHz, 30 GHz, 36.2 GHz, and 41.7 GHz.

[0046] To achieve higher antenna gain and scanning characteristics, a 1×4 array antenna was designed based on the aforementioned unit structure. In this array structure, the distance between antenna elements is 4.8 mm ≈ 0.48λ0. See [link / reference] Figure 5 As shown in the overall structure diagram of the antenna array, the array structure is mainly composed of three parts: a high dielectric constant dielectric block 1A at the top layer, a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate 2A in the middle layer, and a low dielectric constant dielectric substrate 6A at the bottom layer. The two low dielectric constant dielectric substrates are bonded together by an adhesive layer 5A.

[0047] Figure 6(a) shows the high dielectric constant dielectric block 1A at the top of the array structure, with a dielectric constant of 10.5. The distance between antenna elements is 0.48 mm. The detailed structure is shown in Figure 6(d). Similarly, the diameter 9A of the air holes 9 in the array structure remains 0.5 mm, and the center distance 10A between the holes remains 0.7 mm. To achieve better scanning performance, the two rows of holes in the middle are moved inward by 14 mm to 0.3 mm. The four antenna elements are connected by dielectric arms 11 made of the same material as the dielectric block. The dielectric arm 11 can be considered as two parts: a narrower upper and lower part and a wider middle part. The narrower part is 5.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, and 1.016 mm thick; the wider part is 9.4 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, and 1.016 mm thick. To improve the isolation between antenna elements, metal holes 12 and metal pillars 13 are introduced. The metal pillar 13 is located at the center of the dielectric arm, and the metal holes 12 are located on the upper and lower sides of the metal pillar. The diameter of the metal hole 12 is 0.5 mm, the distance between the two holes is 0.7 mm, the length of the metal post is 9.4 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the distance between the metal hole near the metal post and the metal post is 0.3 mm.

[0048] Figure 6(b) shows the top dielectric substrate 2A with a low dielectric constant. Dielectric substrate 2A also uses a material with a dielectric constant of 2.2, and its length is 26.96 mm, width is 15 mm, and thickness is 0.254 mm. The lower layer of dielectric substrate 2A is a metal ground plane 3A. To improve the antenna bandwidth, four H-shaped coupling slot structures 4 are set on the metal ground plane 3A, corresponding to the four antenna element structures on the upper layer. The two ends 4A of the coupling slot structure 4 are 0.82 mm long and 0.35 mm wide; the middle 4B of the coupling slot structure 4 is 1.55 mm long and 0.55 mm wide. Figure 6(c) shows the bottom layer of the array structure, which is dielectric substrate 6A. The dielectric constant and dimensions of dielectric substrate 6A are the same as those of dielectric substrate 2A. Below dielectric substrate 6A is the microstrip feed structure 7A of the element antenna. Similarly, to achieve better impedance matching for the antenna, impedance matching is performed on the microstrip lines, with impedance transformation lines 8A and 8B. The microstrip line 7A has a length of 4.54 mm and a width of 0.78 mm; the impedance transformation line 8A has a length of 1.7 mm and a width of 0.63 mm; and the impedance transformation line 8B has a length of 2.41 mm and a width of 0.35 mm. Similar to the unit cell structure, the dielectric substrates 2A and 6A in the array structure are still connected by an adhesive layer 5A. The adhesive layer 5A has a dielectric constant of 3.5, a length of 26.96 mm, a width of 15 mm, and a thickness of 1.016 mm.

[0049] Figure 7The figure shows the reflection coefficient and gain curves of the proposed broadband dielectric resonator antenna array structure. As can be seen from the figure, this array structure can cover a frequency band of 24-40 GHz, with a bandwidth of 50%. This impedance bandwidth can still simultaneously cover the frequency bands of FR2: n258 (24.25-27.5 GHz), n257 (26.5-30 GHz), and n260 (37-40 GHz). In the operating frequency band, maximum and minimum gains of 14.75 dBi (obtained at 31.73 GHz) and 9.4 dBi (obtained at 27.14 GHz) can be obtained, respectively.

[0050] The beam scanning capability of the proposed broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array was verified by changing the phase difference between each port. Figures 8(a), (b), and (c) show the scanning results at 24 GHz, 30 GHz, and 40 GHz with phase differences of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, respectively. It can be seen that when the phase difference is 135°, the maximum scanning angle at 24 GHz can reach 56°, while the corresponding minimum scanning angle at 40 GHz can reach 32°.

[0051] The above technical solution will be explained in detail:

[0052] The rectangular dielectric resonator antenna constructed in this invention is an effective terminal millimeter-wave antenna solution. This design uses the dielectric resonator as the radiating element, achieving higher radiation efficiency than metallic antennas and effectively solving the problem of low radiation efficiency in metallic antennas. In the component design, multiple dielectric layers are used to effectively excite multiple modes. There are four operating modes within the operating frequency range: the fundamental mode TE of the dielectric resonator at 24 GHz. 1δ1 The fundamental mode TE at 30 GHz, formed by the center of the dielectric resonator. 1δ1 The cubic mode TE along the x-axis at 36.2 GHz 3δ1 The cubic mode TE along the y-direction at 41.7 GHz δ31 Multiple air holes are introduced around the top-layer rectangular dielectric block with a high dielectric constant. The purpose is to distribute the four resonant modes of the antenna element within the target frequency range. Simultaneously, the air holes allow for better impedance matching in free space, enabling the antenna to achieve broadband characteristics. The proposed antenna element structure covers a frequency range of 21-43.65 GHz, achieving approximately 70% of the wide impedance band, while simultaneously covering the four 5G millimeter-wave hotspot bands n257, n258, n260, and n261, achieving full coverage of the 5G millimeter-wave broadband band. A maximum gain of 8.72 dBi was achieved within this frequency range.

[0053] To facilitate fabrication, this invention uses dielectric arms made of the same material as the top dielectric block to connect the units on the top layer of the array structure, forming an integrated design. To enable the antenna array to have wide-angle scanning characteristics, a combination of metal pillars and metal holes is used to improve the isolation between units.

[0054] Based on modular design, this invention provides a 1×4 linear broadband dielectric resonator antenna array with beam scanning capability. The element spacing in the array is 0.48 mm, approximately 0.48λ0. The top rectangular dielectric block structure minimizes the element spacing after antenna array assembly, enabling wide-angle beam scanning characteristics. Dielectric arms made of the same material as the top dielectric block are used to connect the element structures in the antenna array, forming an integrated design. Furthermore, to achieve wide-angle scanning characteristics, metal apertures and metal pillars are used in the antenna array to improve the isolation between elements. The proposed antenna array can achieve a 50% wide impedance bandwidth, covering a frequency band of 24-40 GHz. At 24 GHz and 40 GHz, the maximum scanning angles reach 56° and 32°, respectively. The maximum and minimum antenna gains across the entire frequency band are 14.75 dBi and 9.4 dBi, respectively.

[0055] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna element, characterized in that, The antenna unit, from top to bottom, consists of: a dielectric block (1), a top dielectric substrate (2), a metal ground plane (3), an adhesive layer (5), a bottom dielectric substrate (6), and an antenna feeding structure, as detailed below: The dielectric block (1) with a high dielectric constant cuboid top layer has an air hole (9) inside it to improve impedance matching and distribute the four modes of the antenna in the millimeter wave frequency range of 21-43.65 GHz. No air hole (9) is introduced at the center of the dielectric block (1). Located below the dielectric block (1) is the top dielectric substrate (2) with a low dielectric constant; The bottom layer of the top dielectric substrate (2) is a metal ground plane (3), and there is a coupling gap structure (4) in the middle of the metal ground plane (3); the coupling gap structure (4) in the metal ground plane (3) becomes H-shaped, and after combination, it is perpendicular to the microstrip line (7) and the impedance transformation line (8); The metal floor (3) is bonded to the underlying low dielectric substrate (6) through the lower adhesive layer (5); The lower layer of the bottom dielectric substrate (6) is an antenna feeding structure, including a microstrip line (7) and an impedance transformation structure of the microstrip line, namely an impedance transformation line (8). The radio frequency signal is fed into the microstrip line (7), and the microstrip line (7) undergoes impedance transformation for better impedance matching. The slot structure (4) is perpendicular to the microstrip line (7) and the impedance transformation line (8), and the energy in the microstrip line is coupled to the top dielectric block (1) through the slot structure (4). The antenna element has four resonant modes within the operating frequency band, which are the fundamental mode of the dielectric resonator. The fundamental mode formed by the center of the dielectric resonator The cubic modulus along the x-axis The cubic modulus along the y-direction By utilizing a multi-layer structure, multiple modes of the antenna are excited, combining the fundamental mode with higher-order modes to achieve wide bandwidth characteristics.

2. The broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the top dielectric block (1) is not less than 10; the top dielectric substrate (2) and the bottom dielectric substrate (6) use the same dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant is not greater than 10; the dielectric constant of the adhesive layer (5) material should not be greater than 10.

3. A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array, characterized in that, The wideband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array is composed of N wideband dielectric resonator antenna units with the same structure as described in any one of claims 1-2, forming a 1×N antenna array to achieve high gain and scanning characteristics. The antenna unit elements are connected by dielectric arms (11), wherein the material of the dielectric arms (11) is the same as that of the dielectric block (1).

4. A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dielectric resonator antenna array described herein can operate in the frequency range of 24-40 GHz, providing full coverage of the target frequency band with a relative bandwidth of 50%; at the same time, the antenna array can achieve a peak gain of 14.75 dBi.

5. A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, Metal holes (12) and metal pillars (13) are introduced into the dielectric arm. The metal pillars (13) are located at the center of the dielectric arm (11), and the metal holes (12) are located on the upper and lower sides of the metal pillars (13). The combination of metal pillars (13) and metal holes (12) is used to improve the isolation between units and further improve the scanning characteristics of the dielectric resonator antenna.

6. A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the antenna array, the distance between the center points of adjacent antenna elements is 0.

48. ,in This indicates the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating bandwidth.

7. A broadband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, In order to give the antenna array better scanning characteristics, the two central rows of air holes in the air holes (9) inside each dielectric block (1) are recessed inward.

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