A functionally graded armor structure against 14.5 mm armor piercing bullets

Abstract

The application relates to a kind of anti-14.5mm armor-piercing bullet function gradient armor structures, and the application relates to a kind of function gradient armor structures.The application is to solve the problems that the traditional ceramic / metal or ceramic / fiber composite armor structure has large area density and excessive thickness, and the anti-bullet performance is difficult to further improve.The armor structure includes a ceramic panel, a gradient B4C / Al composite material and a packaging material, and the overall structure presents a 100-50% gradient change in ceramic content from the panel to the back plate.The thickness of the ceramic panel in the armor structure is 14-18mm;The gradient B4C / Al is a multi-layer structure, and the overall thickness is 12-15mm;The packaging material includes a crack arrest layer, an adhesive and a fiber layer.The application is used in the field of armor protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a functional gradient armor structure that is resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology and the increasing power of anti-armor weapons, the requirements for armor protection layers are also becoming more stringent. Currently, ceramic composite armor structures are the mainstream protective structure against the threat of small and medium caliber armor-piercing projectiles. Ceramic / metal and ceramic / fiber composite materials are commonly used ceramic composite armor structures. Among them, ceramic / metal armor structures have a high surface density, which is not conducive to the lightweight development of vehicles; the presence of low-density fiber composite materials in ceramic / fiber composite materials often results in a large structure thickness, and fiber composite materials are prone to aging, thus reducing the protective performance of the armor structure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of protective armor structure with excellent ballistic performance and lower surface density and thickness. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to address the problems of high surface density, large thickness, and poor resistance to multiple projectiles in traditional ceramic composite armor structures. Instead, it provides a functional gradient armor structure that can withstand 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles.

[0004] A functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles includes a ceramic panel, a gradient B4C / Al composite material, and an encapsulation material, with an overall thickness of 28-35mm. The encapsulation material includes a crack-inhibiting layer, an adhesive, and a fiber layer. The first layer is a ceramic panel with a thickness of 14-18mm. The second layer is a gradient B4C / Al composite material with a ceramic content of 50-70% and a thickness of 12-15mm. Crack-inhibiting layers are provided on the outer side of the first layer, between the first and second layers, and on the outer side of the second layer. The crack-inhibiting layers are bonded to each layer by an adhesive. The sides of the functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles are covered by fiber layers.

[0005] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0006] This invention combines ceramic materials with gradient B4C / Al composite materials. The ceramic content of the entire structure gradually transitions from 100% to 50% in the projectile penetration direction, forming a functionally gradient armor structure. This gradient structure ensures stress wave matching throughout the structure, reduces the intensity of reflected tensile waves caused by projectile impact, delays ceramic panel failure, and the lightweight, high-strength gradient B4C / Al composite material acts as a support plate for the pure ceramic panel, effectively supporting it and maximizing its role in breaking and abrading the projectile. The presence of polygonal ceramic joints and a crack-arresting layer reduces target plate damage and improves the target plate's resistance to multiple projectile impacts. The fiber-coated layers on the sides of the structure provide lateral restraint, further enhancing protective effectiveness while reducing target plate damage. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a functional gradient armor structure for resisting 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles; where 1 represents a ceramic panel, 2 represents a gradient B4C / Al composite material, and 3 represents a crack-arresting layer;

[0008] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a functional gradient armor structure for resisting 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles; where 4 represents a fiber layer and 5 represents a polygonal ceramic unit. Detailed Implementation

[0009] Specific Implementation Method 1: This implementation method provides a functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles, comprising a ceramic panel, a gradient B4C / Al composite material, and an encapsulation material, with an overall thickness of 28-35mm. The encapsulation material includes a crack-inhibiting layer, an adhesive, and a fiber layer. The first layer is a ceramic panel with a thickness of 14-18mm. The second layer is a gradient B4C / Al composite material, wherein the ceramic content in the gradient B4C / Al composite material is 50-70%, and the thickness is 12-15mm. Crack-inhibiting layers are provided on the outer side of the first layer, between the first and second layers, and on the outer side of the second layer, and the crack-inhibiting layers are bonded to each layer by an adhesive. The sides of the functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles are covered by fiber layers.

[0010] In this embodiment, a functionally graded structure is used as the radial structure design of the armor material to improve the overall structure's resistance to penetration and multiple ricochets. By adjusting the content of B4C, the graded material is prepared. Furthermore, the B4C / Al composite material has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, and high specific modulus. Applying it to the armor structure can improve the protective effectiveness of the armor structure and reduce the thickness of the structure.

[0011] In this embodiment, the specific preparation process of the gradient B4C / Al composite material is referred to ZL201710947667.6.

[0012] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that the ceramic content in the functionally graded armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles gradually transitions from 100% to 50%. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0013] Specific Implementation Method Three: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One or Two in that: the ceramic panel is B4C ceramic, SiC ceramic, Al2O3 ceramic, modified B4C ceramic, modified SiC ceramic, or modified Al2O3 ceramic; the particle size of the B4C particles in the gradient B4C / Al composite material is 5–120 μm. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One or Two.

[0014] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Three in that the ceramic panel is composed of a single piece of ceramic or polygonal ceramic units. The polygonal ceramic units are square or hexagonal in shape, and the opposite side dimensions of the polygonal ceramic units are 32–108 mm. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Three.

[0015] Specific Implementation Method Five: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Four in that the aluminum matrix in the gradient B4C / Al composite material is a 2xxx series aluminum alloy, a 5xxx series aluminum alloy, or a 7xxx series aluminum alloy. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Four.

[0016] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Five in that the gradient B4C / Al composite material consists of 1 to 5 layers, with the ceramic content decreasing layer by layer. It is formed by pressure infiltration in an integrated process, and the gradient interface is metallurgically bonded. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Five.

[0017] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Six in that the gradient B4C / Al composite material is composed of a single piece of composite material or spliced ​​polygonal gradient B4C / Al composite material units. The polygonal gradient B4C / Al composite material units are square or hexagonal in shape, and the opposite side dimensions of the polygonal gradient B4C / Al composite material units are 32–108 mm. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Six.

[0018] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Seven in that the crack-arresting layer is made of fiberglass cloth or Kevlar fiber cloth. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Seven.

[0019] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Eight in that the adhesive used is a hot melt adhesive or an epoxy resin adhesive. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Eight.

[0020] Specific Implementation Method Ten: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Nine in that the fiber layer serves as a lateral restraint material, and is formed by winding multiple layers of fiber cloth, with a total thickness of 1-5 mm. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Nine.

[0021] The effectiveness of the present invention was verified through the following experiments:

[0022] Example 1: A functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles includes a ceramic panel, a gradient B4C / Al composite material, and an encapsulation material; the encapsulation material includes a crack-inhibiting layer, an adhesive, and a fiber layer; the first layer is a ceramic panel; the second layer is a gradient B4C / Al composite material; crack-inhibiting layers are provided on the outer side of the first layer, between the first and second layers, and on the outer side of the second layer, and the crack-inhibiting layers are bonded to each layer by an adhesive; the sides of the functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles are covered by fiber layers;

[0023] The ceramic panel material is SiC ceramic. The ceramic panel is spliced ​​together from multiple hexagonal ceramic pieces with a diagonal of 96mm. The ceramic thickness is 15mm. The spliced ​​ceramic panel has two layers of fiberglass cloth on the top and bottom, and is sealed with hot melt adhesive. The ceramic panel is cut by a cutting machine to obtain a size of 600mm×500mm×16mm.

[0024] The gradient B4C / Al composite material is a two-layer gradient composite material with a content of 70-55%. The matrix material of the aluminum-based composite material is 7075Al, and the reinforcement is B4C particles with a particle size range of 5-120μm. The gradient material is prepared in an integrated manner by pressure impregnation process, with each layer having a thickness of 7mm and the overall thickness of the gradient B4C / 7075Al being 14mm. The composite material undergoes T6 heat treatment. The gradient B4C / 7075Al is bonded to a 16mm thick ceramic panel obtained by cutting through a layer of hot melt adhesive film, forming a three-layer gradient structure with a content of 100-70-55%.

[0025] The side covering material of the overall structure is wrapped with multiple layers of Kevlar fiber cloth, with the fiber cloth being pre-stressed and the fiber layer covering thickness being 3mm.

[0026] The functional gradient armor structure resisting 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles obtained from Example 1 has an overall surface density of 86 kg / m³. 2 The thickness is 32mm. Ballistic test results show that a 14.5mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile, at a standard velocity of 988m / s, cannot penetrate a surface with a density of 86kg / m³ at a distance of 100m and an incident angle of 0°. 2The armor structure is made of ballistic composite material (with a 6mm steel plate supporting the backing plate). It also possesses resistance to multiple projectiles; a 600mm × 500mm area can effectively protect against 5 projectiles. Table 1 shows the ballistic resistance test results of the functionally graded armor structure obtained in Example 1.

[0027] Table 1. Ballistic test results of the functionally graded armor structure obtained in Example 1

[0028]

[0029] Example 2: A functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles includes a ceramic panel, a B4C / Al composite material, and an encapsulation material; the encapsulation material includes a crack-inhibiting layer, an adhesive, and a fiber layer; the first layer is a ceramic panel; the second layer is a homogeneous 55% B4C / Al composite material; crack-inhibiting layers are provided on the outer side of the first layer, between the first and second layers, and on the outer side of the second layer, and the crack-inhibiting layers are bonded to each layer by an adhesive; the sides of the functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles are covered by fiber layers;

[0030] The ceramic panel material is B4C ceramic. The ceramic panel is made of multiple hexagonal ceramic pieces with a diagonal of 96mm spliced ​​together, and the ceramic thickness is 15mm. The spliced ​​ceramic panel has two layers of fiberglass cloth on the top and bottom, and is sealed with hot melt adhesive. The ceramic panel is cut by a cutting machine to obtain a size of 600mm×500mm×16mm.

[0031] The B4C / Al composite material is a homogeneous 55% B4C / Al composite material. The matrix material of the aluminum matrix composite material is 7075Al, and the reinforcement is B4C particles with a particle size of 20μm. The B4C / Al composite material is prepared in an integrated manner by pressure impregnation process, with an overall thickness of 15mm. The composite material is subjected to T6 heat treatment. The 55% B4C / Al is cut into hexagons with opposite sides of 96mm and spliced ​​to form a 600mm×500mm×15mm B4C / Al composite material layer. The homogeneous B4C / 7075Al is bonded to the 16mm thick ceramic panel with a layer of hot melt adhesive film, and the overall structure forms a two-layer gradient structure of 100-55%.

[0032] The side covering material of the overall structure is wrapped with multiple layers of Kevlar fiber cloth, with the fiber cloth being pre-stressed and the fiber layer covering thickness being 3mm.

[0033] The functional gradient armor structure resisting 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles obtained from Example 2 has an overall surface density of 82 kg / m³. 2 The thickness is 31mm. Ballistic test results show that a 14.5mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile, at a standard velocity of 988m / s, cannot penetrate a surface with a density of 82kg / m³ at a distance of 100m and an incident angle of 0°. 2The ballistic composite material structure (with a 6mm steel plate supporting the backplate) is used. The armor structure also exhibits resistance to multiple projectiles; a 600mm × 500mm area can effectively protect against 5 projectiles. Table 2 shows the ballistic test results of the functionally graded armor structure obtained in Example 2.

[0034] Table 2. Ballistic test results of the functionally graded armor structure obtained in Example 2

[0035]

Claims

1. A functional gradient armor structure for resisting 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles, characterized in that... The functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles includes a ceramic panel, a gradient B4C / Al composite material, and an encapsulation material, with an overall thickness of 28-35mm. The encapsulation material includes a crack-inhibiting layer, an adhesive, and a fiber layer. The first layer is a ceramic panel with a thickness of 14-18mm. The second layer is a gradient B4C / Al composite material with a ceramic content of 50-70% and a thickness of 12-15mm. Crack-inhibiting layers are provided on the outer side of the first layer, between the first and second layers, and on the outer side of the second layer, and are bonded to each layer by an adhesive. The sides of the functional gradient armor structure resistant to 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles are covered by fiber layers. The ceramic content gradually transitions from 100% to 50%; the ceramic panel is composed of polygonal ceramic units, which are square or hexagonal in shape, with opposite sides ranging from 32 to 108 mm; the gradient B4C / Al composite material is composed of polygonal gradient B4C / Al composite material units, which are square or hexagonal in shape, with opposite sides ranging from 32 to 108 mm; the crack-resistant layer is made of glass fiber cloth or Kevlar fiber cloth; the adhesive is hot melt adhesive or epoxy resin adhesive; the fiber layer serves as a lateral restraint material, and is formed by winding multiple layers of fiber cloth, with a total thickness of 1 to 5 mm.

2. The functional gradient armor structure against 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles according to claim 1, characterized in that... The ceramic panel is B4C ceramic, SiC ceramic, Al2O3 ceramic, modified B4C ceramic, modified SiC ceramic, or modified Al2O3 ceramic; the particle size of the B4C particles in the gradient B4C / Al composite material is 5-120 μm.

3. The functional gradient armor structure against 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles according to claim 1, characterized in that... The aluminum matrix in the gradient B4C / Al composite material is a 2xxx series aluminum alloy, a 5xxx series aluminum alloy, or a 7xxx series aluminum alloy.

4. The functional gradient armor structure against 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles according to claim 3, characterized in that... The gradient B4C / Al composite material consists of 1 to 5 layers, with the ceramic content decreasing layer by layer. It is prepared by pressure infiltration in an integrated manner, and the gradient interface is metallurgically bonded.

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