Quick construction method for hard rock overflow surface and guiding device

Abstract

The present invention provides a rapid construction method for a hard rock overflow surface and a guiding device, comprising the following steps: excavating a construction trench along the width direction of the overflow surface; arranging a drill in the construction trench at a position a certain distance from the top, the drill being fixedly arranged on a drill rig, and the drill constructing a borehole in the length direction of the overflow surface; the length of each borehole exceeding 10 meters, and a plurality of guiding devices being arranged along the length direction of the borehole, the guiding devices being used for providing support for the drill pipe to reduce downward inclination; constructing a plurality of boreholes along the width direction of the overflow surface; installing explosives in the boreholes; connecting the explosives with a millisecond detonator short-delay initiation network, and the explosives at the bottom of the borehole being detonated with a delay; cleaning the construction surface; sinking a certain distance to the bottom of the construction trench, and constructing a plurality of boreholes along the width direction of the overflow surface again, and repeating the above steps S5 to S7; realizing the rapid construction of the hard rock overflow surface through the above steps. The excavation construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction quantity of the excavation construction trench is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of dam overflow facility construction, and particularly to a rapid construction method for a hard rock overflow surface and a guiding device. Background Art

[0002] For the construction of a certain dam overflow surface, part of the mountain body needs to be excavated. To reduce the disturbance to the mountain body, the horizontal drilling and blasting method is adopted for construction. The existing horizontal drilling and blasting construction method is to first excavate a construction groove along the width direction of the overflow surface, set a drilling rig in the construction groove, drill horizontal holes, and arrange multiple horizontal holes along the construction groove. Then, explosives are loaded into the horizontal holes, and the rock is fractured by the explosives. After cleaning the blasting surface, the construction is advanced forward. Usually, the length of each blasting is less than 3 meters because the space in the construction groove is insufficient, it is not easy to arrange large drilling equipment, which limits the drilling distance. Moreover, the horizontally arranged drill pipes are prone to deformation, causing the drill holes to tilt downward, affecting the blasting effect. If the surrounding rock condition of the mountain body is grade III or above, the construction difficulty is great, the efficiency is low, and the construction period is seriously hindered. There is no good solution in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rapid construction method for a hard rock overflow surface, which can greatly improve the construction efficiency of the hard rock overflow surface.

[0004] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a guiding device, which can reduce the downward inclination deformation of the horizontal drill holes, extend the distance of a single horizontal drilling, and improve the construction efficiency of horizontal drilling and blasting.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: A rapid construction method for a hard rock overflow surface, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Excavate a construction groove along the width direction of the overflow surface;

[0007] S2. Set a drilling rig at a position a certain distance from the top in the construction groove. The drilling rig is fixedly arranged on a drill frame, and the drilling rig drills construction holes in the length direction of the overflow surface;

[0008] S3. The length of each drill hole exceeds 10 meters;

[0009] S4. Construct multiple drill holes along the width direction of the overflow surface;

[0010] S5. Install explosives in the drill holes;

[0011] S6. Connect the explosives with a millisecond detonator short-delay initiation network, and the explosives at the bottom of the drill holes are detonated with a delay;

[0012] S7. Clean the construction surface;

[0013] S8. Sink a certain distance to the bottom of the construction trench, and then construct multiple drill holes along the width direction of the overflow surface again. Repeat steps S5 to S7;

[0014] The rapid construction of the hard rock overflow surface is achieved through the above steps.

[0015] In a preferred solution, it further includes step S9. After sinking and blasting for 2 to 3 sections, excavate the construction trench as in step S1 again at the end of the blasting surface, and continue the construction of the blasting surface along the length direction of the overflow surface;

[0016] After the entire overflow surface is constructed, repeat steps S1 to S9 again.

[0017] In a preferred solution, the drill hole is a stepped hole. The stepped hole is divided into multiple hole diameters along the drill hole depth. The hole diameter near the drill rig is larger, and the hole diameter far from the drill rig is smaller. The hole diameter is 42 mm to 110 mm.

[0018] In a preferred solution, a plurality of guiding devices are arranged along the length direction of the drill hole. The guiding devices are used to provide support for the drill pipe and reduce the downward inclination;

[0019] The guiding device is a guiding frame, which includes a fixed support, a telescopic rod, an extension rod and a guiding rod;

[0020] The telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the fixed support. The telescopic rod is arranged vertically. The telescopic end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the extension rod. The bottom of the extension rod is fixedly connected to the guiding rod. A guiding hole is provided on the guiding rod.

[0021] In a preferred solution, in step S4, when the drill pipe drills a certain distance, a vertical hole is drilled at the front end in the drilling direction of the drill hole. The fixed support is fixed at the orifice of the vertical hole. The length of the guiding rod is adjusted through the extension rod so that the guiding hole on the guiding rod is located on the path of the drill hole. When the drill pipe passes through the guiding hole, the telescopic rod acts to lift the guiding rod, which is used to provide support for the drill pipe.

[0022] In a preferred solution, the telescopic rod adopts a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, and the telescopic rod outputs a preset constant pulling force.

[0023] In a preferred solution, a plurality of guiding devices are arranged along the length direction of the drill hole. The guiding devices are used to provide support for the drill pipe and reduce the downward inclination;

[0024] The guiding device is a guiding ring. The guiding ring includes an outer sleeve ring and an inner sleeve ring that are sleeved with each other. An arc-shaped protrusion and an arc-shaped groove are provided between the outer sleeve ring and the inner sleeve ring, and the arc-shaped protrusion is slidably connected to the arc-shaped groove. The arc-shaped protrusion and the arc-shaped groove divide the inner sleeve ring into a first gravity section and a second gravity section. The first gravity section is located in the direction close to the drill rig, and the length of the first gravity section is greater than the length of the second gravity section;

[0025] A slurry groove is provided on the arc-shaped protrusion or the arc-shaped groove, and a grouting hole is provided on the outer ring. The grouting hole is communicated with the slurry groove, and the grouting hole is used for injecting a time-delayed curing adhesive.

[0026] In the preferred solution, the guide ring has multiple different outer diameters, which match the inner diameters of the stepped holes respectively. Before construction, a delayed-curing adhesive is injected into the grouting hole, and the guide ring is sent to the bottom of the stepped section with the corresponding inner diameter using a drill rod. The drill rod is taken out, and the inner sleeve in the guide ring tilts upward under the action of gravity and is cured by the adhesive after a period of time to guide the drill rod upward.

[0027] A guiding device for the above-mentioned hard rock overflow surface rapid construction method, comprising a fixed bracket, a telescopic rod, an extension rod and a guiding rod;

[0028] The telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket, the telescopic rod is arranged vertically, the telescopic end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the extension rod, the bottom of the extension rod is fixedly connected to the guide rod, and the guide rod is provided with a guide hole;

[0029] The pilot hole is a slotted hole;

[0030] The telescopic rod adopts a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. When working, the telescopic rod outputs a preset constant pulling force.

[0031] A guiding device for the above-mentioned method of rapid construction of a hard rock overflow surface comprises an outer ring and an inner ring that are connected to each other, with an arcuate protrusion and an arcuate groove provided between the outer ring and the inner ring, the arcuate protrusion and the arcuate groove being slidably connected, and the arcuate protrusion and the arcuate groove dividing the inner ring into a first gravity section and a second gravity section, the first gravity section being located in a direction close to the drilling rig and having a length greater than that of the second gravity section;

[0032] A slurry groove is provided on the arc-shaped protrusion or the arc-shaped groove, and a grouting hole is provided on the outer ring. The grouting hole is communicated with the slurry groove, and the grouting hole is used for injecting a time-delayed curing adhesive.

[0033] The present invention provides a method for rapid construction of a hard rock overflow surface and a guiding device. By adopting a borehole with a depth exceeding 10 meters and combining a millisecond detonating cord micro-difference detonation network, the blasting surface of a single blasting construction is increased, the excavation construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction volume of the excavation construction trench is reduced. The guiding device of the present invention can reduce the degree of downward inclination of the drill rod, so that the drilling depth can exceed 10 meters. The guiding ring is relatively convenient to construct and can correct the inclination angle of the drill rod within 3°. In combination with the structure of the stepped hole, the error of the inclination distance within 10 meters is less than 5 cm. The guiding frame is constructed from the ground, which can obtain a larger inclination correction angle and can correct inclination angles of more than 10 meters and within 5°. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram during the construction of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the alignment ring of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram when the alignment ring of the present invention is in use.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the alignment frame of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: drill rig frame 1, construction groove 2, drill rig 3, stepped hole 4, drill pipe 5, alignment ring 6, outer sleeve ring 61, inner sleeve ring 62, arc-shaped protrusion 63, grouting liquid hole 64, slurry tank 65, arc-shaped groove 66, first gravity section 67, second gravity section 68, alignment frame 7, telescopic rod 71, fixed support 72, extension rod 73, foot nail 74, alignment rod 75, alignment hole 76, storage battery 77, vertical hole 8. Specific embodiments

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] As shown in Figure 1 In, a rapid construction method for a hard rock overflow surface includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Excavate the construction groove 2 along the width direction of the overflow surface;

[0043] S2. Set the drill rig 3 at a position a certain distance from the top in the construction groove 2. Preferably, the distance from the top is 80 cm to 100 cm. The drill rig 3 is fixedly arranged on the drill rig frame 1. The drill rig frame 1 adopts a truss drill rig structure to ensure a stable foundation. The drill rig 3 constructs a drill hole in the length direction of the overflow surface;

[0044] S3. The length of each drill hole exceeds 10 meters; preferably, in this example, the drill hole length is 12 to 15 meters.

[0045] S4. Construct multiple drill holes along the width direction of the overflow surface; the spacing between each drill hole is 80 cm to 100 cm.

[0046] S5. Install explosives in the drill holes;

[0047] According to the geological conditions, preferably, the hole spacing of the drill holes is 80 cm to 100 cm, the diameter of the explosive is 32 mm, and the linear charge density is 260 to 320 g / m. Further preferably, the explosive is provided with an inclination compensation, with more explosive charge near the bottom of the drill hole and less explosive charge at the orifice. The charge amount per single hole is 2.4 to 3.6 kg. The stemming length is 80 to 120 mm; preferably, for drill holes with a length exceeding 10 meters, an intermediate stemming section needs to be set, and the length of the intermediate stemming section is 80 to 100 mm. The explosive is arranged with a millisecond detonator short-delay initiation network. In the preferred scheme, the explosive uses emulsion explosive or No. 22 rock ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0048] S6. Connect the explosives with a millisecond detonator short-delay initiation network, and the explosives at the bottom of the drill hole are detonated with a delay;

[0049] Further preferably, the explosives in the drill holes on both sides are detonated 30 ms to 50 ms earlier, and the explosives near the orifice of the drill hole are detonated 30 ms to 50 ms earlier than the explosives near the bottom of the drill hole.

[0050] S7. Use an excavator to clean the blasting construction surface;

[0051] S8. Sink a certain distance, preferably 80 cm to 100 cm, to the bottom of the construction groove 2 of the drill rig 3, and then construct multiple drill holes along the width direction of the overflow surface again, repeating steps S5 to S7;

[0052] The rapid construction of the hard rock overflow surface is achieved through the above steps.

[0053] In the preferred scheme, it also includes step S9. After sinking and blasting for 2 to 3 sections, excavate the construction groove 2 as in step S1 again at the end of the blasting surface, and continue to construct the blasting surface along the length direction of the overflow surface;

[0054] Until the entire overflow surface is constructed, the blasting surface is flush with the top surface of the initial construction groove 2, and then repeat steps S1 to S9 again. Until the construction of the entire overflow surface is completed, by adopting the construction method of the present invention, the construction efficiency is increased by more than 50%, the construction period is shortened by 60% compared with the prior art, especially the excavation construction of the construction groove 2 is reduced, the number of drilling and blasting is reduced, and the disturbance to the mountains on both sides is reduced.

[0055] In the preferred scheme as Figure 1 described, the drill hole is a stepped hole 4, and the stepped hole 4 is divided into multiple hole diameters along the depth of the drill hole. The hole diameter near the drill rig 3 is larger, and the hole diameter far from the drill rig 3 is smaller. The hole diameter is 42 mm to 110 mm. Preferably, from the orifice to the bottom of the hole, it is divided into 4 kinds of hole diameters. The hole diameter at the orifice is 110 mm, followed by 88 mm, 66 mm, and 42 mm in sequence. The hole diameter at the bottom of the hole is 42 mm.

[0056] In the alternative scheme as Figure 1Among them, a plurality of guiding devices are arranged along the length direction of the drill hole. The guiding devices are used to provide support for the drill pipe to reduce the downward inclination of the drill pipe.

[0057] As Figure 4 Among them, the guiding device is a guiding frame 7, including a fixed bracket 72, a telescopic rod 71, an extension rod 73 and a guiding rod 75.

[0058] The telescopic rod 71 is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket 72. The telescopic rod 71 is arranged vertically. The telescopic end of the telescopic rod 71 is fixedly connected to the top of the extension rod 73. The connection structure between the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 71 and the housing is a slidable and non-rotatable relative connection structure. The bottom of the extension rod 73 is fixedly connected to the guiding rod 75. A guiding hole 76 is provided on the guiding rod 75. Preferably, the guiding hole 76 is a groove-shaped hole.

[0059] In a preferred solution, in step S4, after the drill pipe 5 drills a certain distance, a vertical hole is drilled at the front end in the drilling direction of the drill hole. Before drilling, through a detection device, such as a magnetic detection device, it is used to accurately detect the position of the drill pipe 5. The fixed bracket 72 is fixed at the orifice of the vertical hole. The fixed bracket 72 is fixed by foot nails 74. The telescopic rod 71 adjusts the length of the guiding rod 75 through extension rods 73 of different lengths, so that the guiding hole 76 on the guiding rod 75 is located on the path of the drill hole. When the drill pipe 5 passes through the guiding hole 76, the telescopic rod 71 acts to lift the guiding rod 75 to provide support for the drill pipe 5.

[0060] In a preferred solution, the telescopic rod 71 adopts a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, and the telescopic rod 71 outputs a preset constant pulling force. In this example, an electric push rod is preferably used. A storage battery 77 and a main control device are also provided in the telescopic rod 71. The main control device controls the magnitude of the output torque and controls the magnitude of the output pulling force with a constant torque output, so as to provide an upward supporting force for the drill pipe to compensate for the deformation of the drill pipe 5. In a preferred solution, a compensation inclination angle is set. Before construction, through calibration, the compensation upward inclination angle is set to 5°. The supporting force required to lift the drill pipe to an upward inclination angle of 5° is experimented at a preset distance, and this supporting force is used as the constant pulling force output by the telescopic rod 71.

[0061] Another alternative solution is as Figures 1 to 3 Among them, a plurality of guiding devices are arranged along the length direction of the drill hole. The guiding devices are used to provide support for the drill pipe to reduce the downward inclination.

[0062] The alignment device described above is an alignment ring 6. The alignment ring 6 includes an outer sleeve ring 61 and an inner sleeve ring 62 that are sleeved with each other. An arc-shaped protrusion 63 and an arc-shaped groove 66 are provided between the outer sleeve ring 61 and the inner sleeve ring 62. The arc-shaped protrusion 63 is slidably connected to the arc-shaped groove 66. The arc-shaped protrusion 63 and the arc-shaped groove 66 divide the inner sleeve ring 62 into a first gravity section 67 and a second gravity section 68. The first gravity section 67 is located in the direction close to the drill 3, and the length of the first gravity section 67 is greater than the length of the second gravity section 68; correspondingly, the weight of the first gravity section 67 is greater than the weight of the second gravity section 68. With this structure, between the outer sleeve ring 61 and the inner sleeve ring 62 is a structure that can swing relatively. That is, when the alignment ring 6 is located in the borehole, affected by gravity, the first gravity section 67 drops, causing the inner sleeve ring 62 to tilt upward.

[0063] A slurry groove 65 is provided on the arc-shaped protrusion 63 or the arc-shaped groove 66. A slurry injection hole 64 is provided on the outer sleeve ring 61. The slurry injection hole 64 is communicated with the slurry groove 65. The slurry injection hole 64 is used to inject a delayed-curing adhesive. Preferably, for example, PH-763 half-hour curing ab glue, and the curing time of the adhesive is set to 30 min. When the alignment ring 6 is sent to the bottom of the hole at the corresponding step position of the stepped hole 4, after the inner sleeve ring 62 finishes tilting upward, the adhesive starts to cure, keeping the inner sleeve ring 62 in the upward-tilted state.

[0064] In a preferred solution, the alignment ring 6 has multiple different outer diameters, which respectively match the inner diameters of each stage of the stepped hole 4. Before construction, the delayed-curing adhesive is injected into the slurry injection hole 64. The alignment ring 6 is sent to the bottom of the corresponding inner-diameter stepped section by the drill pipe 5. After the drill pipe 5 is taken out, the inner sleeve ring 62 in the alignment ring 6 tilts upward under the action of gravity and is cured by the adhesive after a period of time, for guiding the drill pipe upward.

[0065] In a preferred solution, the structures of the alignment ring 6 and the alignment frame 7 can be used separately or in combination.

[0066] The steps for the combined use of the alignment ring 6 and the alignment frame 7 are as follows: First, drill the stepped hole 4 in the first stage with a drill pipe of 110 mm. Preferably, the length of the stepped hole 4 in the first stage is 6 m. After drilling in place, withdraw the drill pipe 5, replace it with an 88 mm drill pipe, inject an adhesive into the grouting liquid hole 64 of the alignment ring 6. The adhesive enters the slurry tank 65, install the alignment ring 6 on the drill pipe, send it to the bottom of the current stepped hole 4, take out the drill pipe 5, and wait for the adhesive to cure. Then send the drill pipe 5 again. The alignment ring 6 is used to straighten the holes in the first two stages. The length of the stepped holes 4 in the second to fourth stages does not exceed 3 m. During the drilling process of the stepped holes 4 in the third and fourth stages, use a magnetic detection device to detect the precise position of the drill pipe 5, then drill a vertical hole at the position of the drill pipe, put in the alignment frame 7, insert the drill pipe 5 into the alignment hole 76, and then start the telescopic rod 71 to lift the drill pipe 5 with a constant pulling force to correct the downward inclination angle of the drill pipe 5. After the drilling is completed, tie the explosive to the bamboo strip and send it into the drill hole.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] An alignment device for the above-mentioned rapid construction method of the hard rock overflow surface. In this example, the alignment device is the alignment frame 7, which is a separately sellable product. It includes a fixed bracket 72, a telescopic rod 71, an extension rod 73, and an alignment rod 75;

[0069] The telescopic rod 71 is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket 72. The telescopic rod 71 is arranged vertically. The telescopic end of the telescopic rod 71 is fixedly connected to the top of the extension rod 73. The bottom of the extension rod 73 is fixedly connected to the alignment rod 75. The alignment rod 75 is provided with an alignment hole 76;

[0070] The alignment hole 76 is a groove-shaped hole;

[0071] The telescopic rod 71 uses a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod. When working, the telescopic rod 71 outputs a preset constant pulling force.

[0072] Example 3:

[0073] An alignment device for the above-mentioned rapid construction method of the hard rock overflow surface. In this example, the alignment device is the alignment ring 6, which is a separately sellable product. It includes an outer sleeve ring 61 and an inner sleeve ring 62 that are sleeved with each other. An arc-shaped protrusion 63 and an arc-shaped groove 66 are provided between the outer sleeve ring 61 and the inner sleeve ring 62. The arc-shaped protrusion 63 is slidably connected to the arc-shaped groove 66. The arc-shaped protrusion 63 and the arc-shaped groove 66 divide the inner sleeve ring 62 into a first gravity section 67 and a second gravity section 68. The first gravity section 67 is in the direction close to the drill rig 3, and the length of the first gravity section 67 is greater than the length of the second gravity section 68;

[0074] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments and the features in the embodiments in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid construction method for a hard rock overflow surface, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Excavate a construction groove (2) along the width direction of the overflow surface; S2. Set a drilling rig (3) at a position a certain distance from the top inside the construction groove (2). The drilling rig (3) is fixedly arranged on the drill frame (1), and the drilling rig (3) constructs drill holes in the length direction of the overflow surface; S3. The length of each drill hole exceeds 10 meters; S4. Construct multiple drill holes along the width direction of the overflow surface; A plurality of alignment devices are arranged along the length direction of the drill hole. The alignment devices are used to provide support for the drill pipe and reduce downward inclination; The said alignment device is an alignment ring (6). The alignment ring (6) includes an outer sleeve ring (61) and an inner sleeve ring (62) sleeved with each other. An arc-shaped protrusion (63) and an arc-shaped groove (66) are arranged between the outer sleeve ring (61) and the inner sleeve ring (62). The arc-shaped protrusion (63) is slidably connected with the arc-shaped groove (66). The arc-shaped protrusion (63) and the arc-shaped groove (66) divide the inner sleeve ring (62) into a first gravity section (67) and a second gravity section (68). The first gravity section (67) is located in the direction close to the drilling rig (3), and the length of the first gravity section (67) is greater than the length of the second gravity section (68); A slurry groove (65) is arranged on the arc-shaped protrusion (63) or the arc-shaped groove (66). A slurry injection hole (64) is arranged on the outer sleeve ring (61). The slurry injection hole (64) is communicated with the slurry groove (65), and the slurry injection hole (64) is used to inject a delay-curing adhesive; S5. Install explosives in the drill holes; S6. Connect the explosives with a millisecond detonator differential initiation network, and the explosives at the bottom of the drill hole are detonated with a delay; S7. Clean the construction surface; S8. Sink a certain distance to the bottom of the construction groove, and then construct multiple drill holes along the width direction of the overflow surface again, repeating steps S5 to S7; The rapid construction of the hard rock overflow surface is realized through the above steps.

2. The rapid construction method for the hard rock overflow surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step S9. After sinking and blasting for 2 to 3 sections, excavate the construction groove (2) as in step S1 again at the end of the blasting surface, and continue to construct the blasting surface in the length direction of the overflow surface; Until the entire overflow surface is constructed, repeat steps S1 to S9 again.

3. The rapid construction method for the hard rock overflow surface according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The said drill hole is a stepped hole (4). The stepped hole (4) is divided into multiple hole diameters along the depth of the drill hole. The hole diameter near the drilling rig (3) is larger, and the hole diameter far from the drilling rig (3) is smaller. The hole diameter is 42 mm to 110 mm.

4. The rapid construction method of the hard rock overflow surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The said alignment device also includes an alignment frame (7), which includes a fixed support (72), a telescopic rod (71), an extension rod (73) and an alignment rod (75); The telescopic rod (71) is fixedly connected with the fixed support (72). The telescopic rod (71) is arranged vertically. The telescopic end of the telescopic rod (71) is fixedly connected with the top of the extension rod (73). The bottom of the extension rod (73) is fixedly connected with the alignment rod (75). An alignment hole (76) is arranged on the alignment rod (75).

5. The rapid construction method for hard rock overflow surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: at In step S4, after the drill pipe (5) has drilled a certain distance, a vertical hole is drilled at the front end in the drilling direction of the borehole. The fixing bracket (72) is fixed at the orifice of the vertical hole. The length of the alignment rod (75) is adjusted through the extension rod (73) so that the alignment hole (76) on the alignment rod (75) is located on the path of the borehole. When the drill pipe (5) passes through the alignment hole (76), the telescopic rod (71) acts to lift the alignment rod (75) for providing support to the drill pipe (5).

6. The rapid construction method for the hard rock overflow surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (71) is a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, and the telescopic rod (71) outputs a preset constant pulling force.

7. The rapid construction method for the hard rock overflow surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: The alignment ring (6) has multiple different outer diameters respectively matching the inner diameters of the stepped holes (4). Before construction, a delay-curing adhesive is injected into the grouting hole (64). The drill pipe (5) is used to send the alignment ring (6) to the bottom of the stepped section with the corresponding inner diameter. After the drill pipe (5) is removed, the inner sleeve ring (62) inside the alignment ring (6) tilts upward under the action of gravity and is cured by the adhesive after a period of time for guiding the drill pipe upward.

8. A guiding device for the rapid construction method of the hard rock overflow surface according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes an outer sleeve ring (61) and an inner sleeve ring (62) sleeved with each other. An arc-shaped protrusion (63) and an arc-shaped groove (66) are provided between the outer sleeve ring (61) and the inner sleeve ring (62). The arc-shaped protrusion (63) is slidably connected with the arc-shaped groove (66). The arc-shaped protrusion (63) and the arc-shaped groove (66) divide the inner sleeve ring (62) into a first gravity section (67) and a second gravity section (68). The first gravity section (67) is in the direction close to the drilling rig (3), and the length of the first gravity section (67) is greater than the length of the second gravity section (68). A slurry groove (65) is provided in the arc-shaped protrusion (63) or the arc-shaped groove (66). A grouting hole (64) is provided in the outer sleeve ring (61). The grouting hole (64) is communicated with the slurry groove (65), and the grouting hole (64) is used for injecting a delay-curing adhesive.

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