A thermal runaway, explosion-proof, flameless venting combined explosion-proof flameless venting heat runaway protection device based on perfluorohexanone

Abstract

The application discloses a thermal runaway and explosion-proof protection device based on perfluorohexanone explosion suppression-flameless discharge combination, and belongs to the technical field of battery explosion prevention and battery thermal management. The application utilizes perfluorohexanone in the perfluorohexanone guide warehouse to perform thermal control and explosion suppression and flame retardation on a power battery. When the power battery has uneven temperature distribution or local temperature rises too fast, the vaporized perfluorohexanone is used to quickly absorb the heat of the power battery, so that the occurrence of thermal runaway is inhibited. When the power battery catches fire or explodes, the perfluorohexanone guide warehouse is damaged by high temperature or impact force, the outflowing perfluorohexanone is used to quickly absorb heat and timely extinguish the fire and suppress the explosion of the power battery, and the pressure is discharged to the buffer valve through the explosion-proof discharge valve to provide a buffer for the impact force. When the pressure after explosion suppression and buffering is still greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the pressure relief sheet, the pressure is extinguished by the fire barrier core, so that the secondary damage of the automobile caused by the jet fire is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device for the combined use of explosion suppression and flameless venting, specifically a device for the combined use of explosion suppression and flameless venting based on the thermal management of perfluorohexanone batteries, belonging to the field of battery thermal management and battery explosion protection technology. Background Technology

[0002] New energy vehicles utilize unconventional vehicle fuels as their power source, integrating advanced technologies in vehicle power control and drive systems to create automobiles with advanced technical principles and novel technologies and structures. New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, range-extended electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hydrogen engine vehicles. Battery thermal management is one of the crucial systems in electric new energy vehicles, primarily consisting of a closed-loop regulation system comprised of a heat transfer medium, a monitoring and control unit, and temperature control equipment. When the monitoring and control unit detects uneven temperature distribution or excessively rapid localized heating in the power battery, the temperature control equipment (such as a pump) drives the heat transfer medium to flow within the battery pack. Upon contact with the battery pack, the heat transfer medium dissipates heat to the external environment, thus ensuring the power battery operates within a suitable temperature range to maintain its optimal operating condition and guarantee the performance and lifespan of the battery system.

[0003] In recent years, most major electric vehicle fires have been caused by extreme abuse conditions such as mechanical collisions, high temperatures, and overcharging, leading to fires in the vehicle's battery pack. Traditional battery thermal management systems are ineffective at suppressing flames and explosions, and the battery compartment lacks a flameless venting device. Therefore, when a power battery experiences thermal runaway and fire or explosion, it not only damages the internal structure of the battery compartment but can also cause secondary damage to the vehicle due to internal flames. Perfluorohexanone (PFH) is an important alternative to halon fire extinguishing agents. It is a clear, colorless, and odorless fluorinated ketone liquid compound, and as an insulating material, it will not cause a short circuit even if leaked. Therefore, a combined perfluorohexanone-based thermal runaway and explosion protection device is proposed, incorporating both explosion suppression and flameless venting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof flame arrestor element and a thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone for explosion suppression and flameless discharge, so as to solve or alleviate the problem that traditional battery thermal management systems are prone to thermal runaway and cannot effectively suppress flames and explosions caused by thermal runaway, and at least one of them provides a beneficial option.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An explosion-proof flame arrestor includes a return pipe, an explosion-proof relief valve, a buffer valve, a guide pipe, a fragment valve, a flame arrestor pipe, and an external discharge pipe connected in sequence. Both the explosion-proof relief valve and the buffer valve adopt a cylindrical cavity structure with a port diameter smaller than the valve body diameter. One end of the buffer valve is connected to the side of the explosion-proof relief valve, and the other end is connected to the fragment valve through an arc-shaped guide pipe.

[0007] The explosion-proof relief valve has a convex mechanism in its inner cavity, a guide groove in the middle of the convex mechanism, four flow guiding chambers on the outer periphery of the guide groove, a first spring in the guide groove, a guide rod in the middle of the baffle plate that is slidably connected to the guide groove, and a baffle post on the baffle plate that is directly opposite the flow guiding chamber.

[0008] The buffer valve has 4-6 guide posts with second springs installed in its inner cavity. The buffer post in the middle of the buffer plate is inserted into the inlet of the buffer valve, and the outer periphery of the buffer post is slidably connected to the guide post.

[0009] The internal structure of the rupture valve is equipped with a venting disc, and the internal structure of the flame arrestor tube is equipped with a flame arrestor core.

[0010] The explosion-proof flame arrestor element has a barrier plate whose diameter is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve, but greater than the port diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve; a buffer plate whose outer diameter is less than the inner diameter of the buffer valve, but greater than the port diameter of the buffer valve; and a buffer column in the middle of the buffer plate whose diameter is equal to the port diameter of the buffer valve.

[0011] A thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone for explosion suppression and flameless venting includes an on-board battery assembly and the aforementioned explosion-proof flame arrestor. The on-board battery assembly includes a battery compartment, multiple battery modules, and a flow guide chamber. The battery modules are located inside the battery compartment, and the flow guide chamber is located on the top of the battery modules. The inlet of the explosion-proof venting valve is connected to the outlet of the flow guide chamber, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the flow guide chamber in sequence through a return pipe and a perfluorohexanone return device.

[0012] The aforementioned explosion suppression-flameless venting combined thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone also includes at least one explosion-proof valve. The explosion-proof valve and the explosion-proof venting valve adopt the same structure. One end of the explosion-proof valve is connected to the perfluorohexanone reflux device through a perfluorohexanone delivery pipe, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the diversion chamber.

[0013] The aforementioned thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone for explosion suppression and flameless venting includes multiple battery modules evenly arranged at the bottom of the battery compartment, with a flow guide chamber located at the top of the battery modules within the battery compartment.

[0014] The inner wall of the flame arrestor tube is uniformly equipped with flame arrestor cores.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned explosion suppression-flameless venting combined thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone includes two explosion-proof valves, and the ends of the two explosion-proof valves away from the perfluorohexanone diversion chamber are both connected to the perfluorohexanone delivery pipe.

[0016] One end of the first spring is connected to the end of the guide rod away from the barrier plate, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the guide groove.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the second spring is connected to the inner wall of the buffer valve, and the other end is connected to the buffer plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: This invention utilizes perfluorohexanone within the perfluorohexanone conduit to absorb heat from the power battery. When the power battery exhibits uneven temperature distribution or localized rapid temperature rise, the perfluorohexanone vaporization rapidly absorbs the heat from the power battery, thus suppressing thermal runaway. When the power battery catches fire or explodes, the perfluorohexanone conduit is damaged by high temperature or impact force, allowing the outflowing perfluorohexanone to vaporize and rapidly absorb heat to extinguish the fire and suppress the explosion in a timely manner. Simultaneously, the pressure is released to the buffer valve through the explosion-proof relief valve to buffer the impact force. When the pressure after explosion suppression and buffering is still greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the explosion relief plate, the flame arrestor core extinguishes the released pressure to prevent secondary damage to the vehicle caused by flames.

[0019] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an explosion-proof flame arrestor.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an explosion-proof flame arrestor.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Three-dimensional structural diagram of the middle barrier plate.

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part B in the middle.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone, which combines explosion suppression and flameless venting.

[0027] Figure 7 This is an internal structural diagram of a thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone, which combines explosion suppression and flameless venting.

[0028] Figure 8 This is an internal structural diagram of a thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone, which combines explosion suppression and flameless venting.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Vehicle battery assembly; 2. Explosion-proof flame arrestor element; 101. Battery compartment; 102. Battery module; 103. Flow guide chamber; 201. Explosion-proof relief valve; 202. Buffer valve; 203. Fragment valve; 204. Flame arrestor tube; 205. External discharge tube; 206. Explosion relief disc; 207. Flame arrestor core; 41. First explosion-proof valve; 42. Second explosion-proof valve; 43. Return pipe; 44. Perfluorohexanone delivery pipe; 45. Barrier plate; 45a. Barrier post; 46. Guide rod; 47. Convex mechanism; 47a. Guide groove; 47b. Flow guide cavity; 47c. First spring; 48. Buffer plate; 48a. Buffer post; 49. Guide post; 50. Second spring; 51. Flow guide tube. Implementation

[0030] Certain exemplary embodiments are described below. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example

[0032] Figure 1-2 A structural diagram of an explosion-proof flame arrestor is shown. In the diagram, this explosion-proof flame arrestor includes a return pipe 43, an explosion-proof relief valve 201, a buffer valve 202, a guide pipe 51, a fragment valve 203, a flame arrestor pipe 204, and an external discharge pipe 205 connected in sequence. Both the explosion-proof relief valve 201 and the buffer valve 202 adopt a cylindrical cavity structure with a port diameter smaller than the valve body diameter. The inlet end of the buffer valve 202 is connected to the side of the explosion-proof relief valve 201, and the outlet end is connected to the fragment valve 203 through the arc-shaped guide pipe 51.

[0033] The explosion-proof relief valve 201 has a convex mechanism 47 in its inner cavity. A guide groove 47a is located in the middle of the convex mechanism 47, and four guide chambers 47b are located around the outer periphery of the guide groove 47a. A first spring 47c is located in the guide groove 47a. A guide rod 46 in the middle of the baffle plate 45 is slidably connected to the guide groove 47a. A baffle post 45a is located on the baffle plate 45 opposite the guide chambers 47b (e.g., ...). Figure 3 and 4 (As shown).

[0034] The inner cavity of the buffer valve 202 is equipped with six guide posts 49, each fitted with a second spring 50. A buffer post 48a in the middle of the buffer plate 48 is inserted into the inlet of the buffer valve 202, and the guide posts 49 are slidably connected to the outer periphery of the buffer post 48a on the buffer plate 48. The fragmentation valve 203 is equipped with a venting disc 206, and the flame arrester tube 204 is equipped with a flame arrester core 207 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (As shown).

[0035] The diameter of the baffle plate 45 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve 201, but greater than the port diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve 201; the outer diameter of the buffer plate 48 is less than the inner diameter of the buffer valve 202, but greater than the port diameter of the buffer valve 202; the diameter of the buffer column 48a in the middle of the buffer plate 48 is equal to the port diameter of the buffer valve 202. The inner diameter of the guide cavity 47b is equal to the diameter of the baffle column 45a. Example

[0036] Figure 6-8 The figure illustrates the structure of a thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone (PFH) combined with flameless venting. This PFH-based thermal management device includes an onboard battery assembly 1, an explosion-proof flame arrestor element 2, a first explosion-proof valve 41, and a second explosion-proof valve 42. The onboard battery assembly 1 includes a battery compartment 101, battery modules 102, and a flow guide chamber 103. Multiple battery modules 102 are disposed at the bottom of the battery compartment 101, and the flow guide chamber 103 is disposed at the top of the battery modules 102.

[0037] The explosion-proof flame arrestor element 2 includes a return pipe 43, an explosion-proof relief valve 201, a buffer valve 202, a guide pipe 51, a fragment valve 203, a flame arrestor pipe 204, and an external discharge pipe 205 connected in sequence. Both the explosion-proof relief valve 201 and the buffer valve 202 adopt a cylindrical cavity structure with a port diameter smaller than the valve body diameter. The inlet end of the buffer valve 202 is connected to the side of the explosion-proof relief valve 201, and the outlet end is connected to the fragment valve 203 through the arc-shaped guide pipe 51.

[0038] The explosion-proof relief valve 201 has an integrally formed convex mechanism 47 in its inner cavity. The convex mechanism 47 is located at the end away from the guide chamber 103. A guide groove 47a is provided in the middle of the convex mechanism 47, and four guide chambers 47b are provided on the outer periphery of the guide groove 47a. A first spring 47c is provided in the guide groove 47a. A guide rod 46 in the middle of the baffle plate 45 is slidably connected to the guide groove 47a. A baffle post 45a is provided on the baffle plate 45 directly opposite the guide chamber 47b (e.g., Figure 3 and 4 (As shown). A circular plate with a diameter larger than the opening diameter of the guide groove 47a is provided at the end of the guide rod 46 to prevent the guide rod 46 from sliding out of the guide groove 47a during the sliding process.

[0039] The inner cavity of the buffer valve 202 is equipped with six guide posts 49, each fitted with a second spring 50. A buffer post 48a in the middle of the buffer plate 48 is inserted into the inlet of the buffer valve 202, and the outer circumference of the buffer post 48a is slidably connected to the guide posts 49. The fragmentation valve 203 is equipped with a venting disc 206, and the flame arrester tube 204 is equipped with a flame arrester core 207 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (As shown).

[0040] The diameter of the baffle plate 45 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve 201, but greater than the port diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve 201; the outer diameter of the buffer plate 48 is less than the inner diameter of the buffer valve 202, but greater than the port diameter of the buffer valve 202; the diameter of the buffer column 48a in the middle of the buffer plate 48 is equal to the port diameter of the buffer valve 202. The inner diameter of the guide cavity 47b is equal to the diameter of the baffle column 45a.

[0041] The inlet of the explosion-proof relief valve 201 is connected to the outlet of the flow guide chamber 103, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the flow guide chamber 103 in sequence through the return pipe 43 and the perfluorohexanone return device. One end of the external discharge pipe 205 is connected to the flame arrestor pipe 204, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere.

[0042] The first explosion-proof valve 41, the second explosion-proof valve 42 and the explosion-proof relief valve 201 adopt the same structure. One end of the first explosion-proof valve 41 and the second explosion-proof valve 42 are connected to the perfluorohexanone reflux device through the perfluorohexanone delivery pipe 44, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the guide chamber 103.

[0043] Several battery modules 102 are evenly installed at the bottom of the battery compartment 101, and a flow guide chamber 103 is installed on top of the battery modules 102 inside the battery compartment 101. Perfluorohexanone is introduced into the interior of the flow guide chamber 103.

[0044] Perfluorohexanone (PFH) is injected into the PFH conduit 103 via PFH delivery pipe 44, first explosion-proof valve 41, and second explosion-proof valve 42. After absorbing heat from the battery, the PFH inside the conduit 103 is returned to the PFH reflux device via explosion-proof relief valve 201 and return pipe 43, completing one cycle within the battery thermal management system. The heat-absorbing PFH flows back to the PFH reflux device for cooling. The cooled PFH flows back into the conduit 103 to absorb heat from the battery. When thermal runaway occurs in the power battery, the PFH rapidly vaporizes and absorbs heat. The vaporized PFH then passes through the return pipe 43 to the PFH reflux device for compression and heat release, converting back into liquid PFH. The liquid PFH then enters the conduit 103 via PFH delivery pipe 44 from the first explosion-proof valve 41 and second explosion-proof valve 42.

[0045] One end of the first spring 47c is fixedly connected to the end of the guide rod 46 away from the barrier plate 45. After the barrier plate 45 is subjected to an impact force, it drives the guide rod 46 to move. The moving guide rod 46 compresses the first spring 47c, and the barrier post 45a is inserted into the flow guide cavity 47b, thereby closing the flow channel of perfluorohexanone and cutting off the connection between the explosion-proof relief valve 201 and the return pipe 43. The first explosion-proof valve 41 and the second explosion-proof valve 42 close the channel between themselves and the delivery pipe 44 using the same principle.

[0046] The inner wall of the buffer valve 202 is uniformly provided with guide columns 49 perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. The guide columns 49 are slidably connected to the buffer plate 48. The guide columns 49 are fitted with a second spring 50. One end of the second spring 50 is fixed to the inner wall of the buffer valve 202, and the other end is fixed to the buffer plate 48. Under the action of pressure, the buffer plate 48 compresses the second spring 50, and the buffer column 48a disengages from the inlet of the buffer valve 202, thereby opening the buffer valve 202 and connecting the flow guide chamber 103 and the flow guide pipe 51.

[0047] The arc-shaped guide tube 51 connects the buffer valve 202 and the fragment valve 203.

[0048] The working process of a perfluorohexanone-based explosion suppression-flameless discharge combined thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device: Perfluorohexanone in the perfluorohexanone reflux device is injected into the perfluorohexanone guide chamber 103 through the delivery pipe 44, the first explosion-proof valve 41, and the second explosion-proof valve 42. After absorbing the heat of the power battery, the perfluorohexanone is discharged from the guide chamber 103 through the explosion-proof discharge valve 201, and then returned to the perfluorohexanone reflux device through the return pipe 43, so that the perfluorohexanone circulates in the battery thermal management system. When the power battery has uneven temperature distribution or local temperature rises rapidly, the perfluorohexanone in the guide chamber 103 is heated and vaporized, quickly absorbing the heat of the power battery to suppress thermal runaway. When the power battery catches fire or explodes, the high temperature or impact force damages the guide chamber 103, causing the perfluorohexanone in the guide chamber 103 to flow out. After the perfluorohexanone flows out, it promptly extinguishes the fire and suppresses the explosion of the power battery. When perfluorohexanone fails to extinguish the fire, and the temperature and pressure within the flow chamber 103 continue to rise, the baffle plate 45 moves the guide rod 46 under the impact force. The moving guide rod 46 compresses the first spring 47, and the baffle column 45a inserts into the flow chamber 47b. The explosion-proof relief valve 201 closes the channel between itself and the return pipe 43, and the first explosion-proof valve 41 and the second explosion-proof valve 42 close the channel between themselves and the delivery pipe 44, preventing the explosion pressure or flames from entering the battery thermal management system. The impact force further acts on the buffer plate 48, which compresses the second spring 50 under pressure. The buffer column 48a disengages from the inlet of the buffer valve 202, and the buffer valve 202 opens, releasing the pressure to the fragmentation valve 203. The buffer valve 202 buffers the impact pressure, performing a secondary explosion suppression treatment. When the pressure inside the rupture valve 203 still exceeds the withstand range of the explosion relief disc 206, the explosion relief disc 206 opens, and the pressure is released using the flame arrestor tube 204 and the external release tube 205. The flame arrestor core 207 inside the flame arrestor tube 204 extinguishes the released pressure to prevent secondary damage to the vehicle from flames. When the pressure inside the perfluorohexanone flow chamber 103 returns to normal, the second spring 50 drives the buffer plate 48 to reset, and the first spring 47c pushes the guide rod 46 to reset the barrier plate 45, reopening the explosion-proof relief valve 201, the first explosion-proof valve 41, and the second explosion-proof valve 42, allowing perfluorohexanone to flow back into the perfluorohexanone flow chamber 103 for circulation, continuously cooling the power battery and preventing secondary fires or explosions.

[0049] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof flame arrestor element, which utilizes perfluorohexanone within a perfluorohexanone conduit for thermal control and explosion suppression / flame retardancy of a power battery, characterized in that... It includes a return pipe (43), an explosion-proof relief valve (201), a buffer valve (202), a guide pipe (51), a fragment valve (203), a flame arrestor pipe (204), and an external discharge pipe (205) connected in sequence. The explosion-proof relief valve (201) and the buffer valve (202) both adopt a cylindrical cavity structure with a port diameter smaller than the valve body diameter. One end of the buffer valve (202) is connected to the side of the explosion-proof relief valve (201), and the other end is connected to the fragment valve (203) through the arc-shaped guide pipe (51). The inner cavity of the explosion-proof relief valve (201) is provided with a convex mechanism (47), the middle part of the convex mechanism (47) is provided with a guide groove (47a), the outer periphery of the guide groove (47a) is provided with four flow guiding chambers (47b), the first spring (47c) is provided in the guide groove (47a), the guide rod (46) in the middle of the baffle plate (45) is slidably connected to the guide groove (47a), and a baffle post (45a) is provided on the baffle plate (45) directly opposite the flow guiding chamber (47b); the inlet of the explosion relief valve (201) is used to connect to the outlet of the flow guiding chamber (103) of the battery; The inner cavity of the buffer valve (202) is provided with 4-6 guide posts (49) fitted with second springs (50), and the buffer post (48a) in the middle of the buffer plate (48) is inserted into the inlet of the buffer valve (202), and the outer periphery of the buffer post (48a) is slidably connected to the guide post (49). The internal part of the rupture valve (203) is equipped with a venting disc (206), and the internal part of the flame arrester tube (204) is equipped with a flame arrester core (207).

2. The explosion-proof flame arrestor element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the baffle plate (45) is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve (201) and greater than the port diameter of the explosion-proof relief valve (201); the outer diameter of the buffer plate (48) is less than the inner diameter of the buffer valve (202) and greater than the port diameter of the buffer valve (202); the diameter of the buffer column (48a) in the middle of the buffer plate (48) is equal to the port diameter of the buffer valve (202).

3. A thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone for explosion suppression and flameless venting, comprising an on-board battery assembly (1), the on-board battery assembly (1) including a battery compartment (101), multiple battery modules (102) and a current guide chamber (103), the battery modules (102) being disposed within the battery compartment (101), and the current guide chamber (103) being disposed on the top of the battery modules (102), characterized in that, It also includes the explosion-proof flame arrestor element (2) as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the outlet of the explosion-proof relief valve (201) is connected to the inlet of the flow guide chamber (103) in sequence through the return pipe (43) and the perfluorohexanone return device.

4. The thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone for explosion suppression and flameless venting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The device also includes at least one explosion-proof valve. The explosion-proof valve and the explosion-proof relief valve (201) have the same structure. One end of the explosion-proof valve is connected to the perfluorohexanone reflux device through the perfluorohexanone delivery pipe (44), and the other end is connected to the inlet of the guide chamber (103).

5. A thermal runaway and combustion explosion protection device based on perfluorohexanone for combined explosion suppression and flameless venting as described in claim 4. The device is characterized by, Multiple battery modules (102) are evenly arranged at the bottom of the battery compartment (101), and the flow guide compartment (103) is arranged at the top of the battery modules (102) inside the battery compartment (101).

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