Electronic device

Abstract

This application discloses an electronic device belonging to the field of antenna technology. The electronic device includes: a metal back cover, the metal back cover including a bottom wall and a first side wall and a second side wall connected to two adjacent side edges of the bottom wall; a shielding cover, the shielding cover being disposed corresponding to the area enclosed by the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall; an antenna structure, the antenna structure including an antenna cavity and a feeding structure, the antenna cavity being formed based on the bottom wall and the shielding cover, the antenna cavity including a first cavity corresponding to the first side wall and a second cavity corresponding to the second side wall, and the first cavity and the second cavity being connected, the feeding structure being disposed within the first cavity; wherein, the width direction of the first cavity is perpendicular to the width direction of the second cavity, and the width dimension of the first cavity is greater than the width dimension of the second cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With technological advancements, the overall design of electronic products such as mobile phones and tablets can now feature non-metallic or all-metal back covers. For electronic products with all-metal back covers, their antennas are typically designed as resonant cavity structures. However, as electronic products become increasingly feature-rich, the frequency bands that antennas need to cover are becoming wider and wider, and traditional resonant cavity structures are insufficient to meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to provide an electronic device that can solve the problem of limited frequency band coverage of antennas in related technologies.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] This application provides an electronic device, including:

[0006] A metal back cover, the metal back cover including a bottom wall, and a first side wall and a second side wall connected to two adjacent side edges of the bottom wall;

[0007] A shielding cover is provided corresponding to the area enclosed by the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall;

[0008] An antenna structure is provided, comprising an antenna cavity and a feeding structure. The antenna cavity is formed based on the bottom wall and the shielding cover. The antenna cavity includes a first cavity corresponding to the first side wall and a second cavity corresponding to the second side wall, and the first cavity and the second cavity are connected. The feeding structure is disposed in the first cavity.

[0009] Wherein, the width direction of the first cavity is perpendicular to the width direction of the second cavity, and the width dimension of the first cavity is greater than the width dimension of the second cavity.

[0010] In the embodiments of this application, by designing the antenna cavity to include a first cavity corresponding to the first sidewall and a second cavity corresponding to the second sidewall, and since the first cavity and the second cavity are connected, the antenna structure can excite more antenna modes based on the first cavity and the second cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the frequency band coverage of the antenna structure.

[0011] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0014] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal back cover shown;

[0015] Figure 3a yes Figure 1 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the shield shown;

[0016] Figure 3b yes Figure 1 The second schematic diagram of the shielding cover shown;

[0017] Figure 4 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 6a yes Figure 5 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the shield shown;

[0020] Figure 6b yes Figure 5 The second schematic diagram of the shielding cover shown;

[0021] Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 8 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 9 for Figure 4 One of the simulation diagrams of the antenna structure shown;

[0024] Figure 10a for Figure 4 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B5 band.

[0025] Figure 10b for Figure 4 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B8 band.

[0026] Figure 10c for Figure 4The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B3 band.

[0027] Figure 10d for Figure 4 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B1 band.

[0028] Figure 10e for Figure 4 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B40 band.

[0029] Figure 10f for Figure 4 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B41 band.

[0030] Figure 11 for Figure 7 One of the simulation diagrams of the antenna structure shown;

[0031] Figure 12a for Figure 7 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B5 band.

[0032] Figure 12b for Figure 7 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B8 band.

[0033] Figure 12c for Figure 7 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B3 band.

[0034] Figure 12d for Figure 7 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B1 band.

[0035] Figure 12e for Figure 7 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B40 band.

[0036] Figure 12f for Figure 7 The diagram shows a simulation of the antenna structure in the B41 band.

[0037] Figure 13 This is the third schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 14 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 15 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 16 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] Please see Figures 1 to 7 , Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal back cover shown; Figure 3a yes Figure 1 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the shield shown; Figure 3b yes Figure 1 The second schematic diagram of the shielding cover shown; Figure 4 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6a yes Figure 5 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the shield shown; Figure 6b yes Figure 5 The second schematic diagram of the shielding cover shown; Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this application provides an electronic device, including:

[0045] The metal back cover 10 includes a bottom wall 11, and a first side wall 12 and a second side wall 13 connected to two adjacent side edges of the bottom wall 11.

[0046] The shielding cover 20 is set in the area enclosed by the bottom wall 11, the first side wall 12 and the second side wall 13.

[0047] Antenna structure 30 includes antenna cavity 31 and feeding structure 32. Antenna cavity 31 can be a cavity structure formed by a bottom wall 11 and a shield 20. Antenna cavity 31 includes a first cavity 311 corresponding to the first side wall 12 and a second cavity 312 corresponding to the second side wall 13. The first cavity 311 and the second cavity 312 are connected. The feeding structure 32 is disposed in the first cavity 311.

[0048] The width direction of the first cavity 311 is perpendicular to the width direction of the second cavity 312, and the width dimension of the first cavity 311 is greater than the width dimension of the second cavity 312.

[0049] The aforementioned metal back cover 10 can be understood as the battery back cover or back cover housing of an electronic device, and the metal back cover 10 can be made of all-metal material.

[0050] The shielding cover 20 can be a metal shielding cover, and the shielding cover 20 can be set in the area enclosed by the bottom wall 11, the first side wall 12 and the second side wall 13; wherein, the shielding cover 20 can be placed on the bottom wall 11 and can be enclosed to form an antenna cavity 31.

[0051] When the first sidewall 12 is the sidewall of an electronic device with a data interface, and the first sidewall 12 and the second sidewall 13 are perpendicular to each other, the width direction of the first cavity 311 can be understood as being parallel to the direction of the second sidewall 13, and the width direction of the second cavity 312 can be understood as being parallel to the direction of the first sidewall 12.

[0052] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the first cavity 311 and the second cavity 312 may have a partially overlapping area, and the overlapping area of ​​the first cavity 311 and the second cavity 312 is set at the angle between the first sidewall 12 and the second sidewall 13.

[0053] In some embodiments, the antenna cavity can be divided into a first cavity 311 corresponding to the first sidewall 12 and a second cavity 312 corresponding to the second sidewall 13 by using the angle bisector of the angle between the first sidewall 12 and the second sidewall 13.

[0054] In other embodiments, during the division of the antenna cavity 31, the portion of the antenna cavity 31 corresponding only to the first sidewall 12 can be divided into a third cavity, the portion of the antenna cavity 31 corresponding only to the second sidewall 13 can be divided into a fourth cavity, and the portion of the antenna cavity 31 corresponding to both the first sidewall 12 and the second sidewall 13 can be divided into a fifth cavity, with the third cavity communicating with the fourth cavity through the fifth cavity. Alternatively, the combination of the third and fifth cavities can be defined as the first cavity 311, and the fourth cavity as the second cavity 312; or, the third cavity can be defined as the first cavity 311, and the combination of the fourth and fifth cavities can be defined as the second cavity 312.

[0055] It is understood that the definition of the first cavity 311 and the second cavity 312 may include, but is not limited to, the above-mentioned methods, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0056] In this embodiment, the antenna cavity 31 is designed to include a first cavity 311 corresponding to the first sidewall 12 and a second cavity 312 corresponding to the second sidewall 13. Since the first cavity 311 and the second cavity 312 are connected, the antenna structure 30 can excite more antenna modes based on the first cavity 311 and the second cavity 312, thereby improving the frequency band coverage of the antenna structure 30.

[0057] Furthermore, by setting the width direction of the first cavity 311 and the width direction of the second cavity 312 perpendicularly, and designing the width dimension of the first cavity 311 to be greater than the width dimension of the second cavity 312, that is, designing the antenna cavity 31 as a long and narrow L-shaped antenna cavity, the antenna cavity 31 can be excited to generate multiple antenna modes under the excitation of the feeding structure 32, thereby further improving the frequency band coverage of the antenna structure 30.

[0058] Optionally, the first cavity 311 is provided with a first radial opening on the side facing the first sidewall 12, and the second cavity 312 is provided with a second radial opening on the side facing the second sidewall 13.

[0059] The ratio of the sum of the lengths of the first and second radial openings to the width of the first cavity 311 is greater than 4.

[0060] In this embodiment, by setting the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the first and second radiating openings to the width of the first cavity 311 to be greater than 4, the antenna structure 30 can excite more antenna modes, thereby improving the frequency band coverage of the antenna structure 30.

[0061] Furthermore, by employing the aforementioned antenna structure 30, the low, mid, and high frequency bands (LMH band) of the cellular frequency band can be covered, including the frequency ranges of 0.824 GHz-0.96 GHz and 1.71 GHz-2.69 GHz. Moreover, in the overall system model environment, the antenna structure 30 exhibits high radiation efficiency. Even with the loss parameter model of the tuning structure (including but not limited to switches, capacitors, inductors, and other devices and combinations), the antenna structure 30 still maintains good overall efficiency across all frequency bands. Furthermore, the antenna specific absorption rate (SAR) value is very low, eliminating the need for SAR reduction measures common in conventional IFA and other types of antennas.

[0062] Furthermore, compared to the prior art which requires opening a slit or long slot on the metal back cover 10, this solution does not require opening an additional slit or long slot on the metal back cover 10. It only needs to utilize the characteristics of the L-shaped antenna cavity, and in conjunction with the first radiating opening, the second radiating opening, and the tuning structure, to enable the antenna structure 30 to excite more antenna modes and achieve the purpose of improving the overall appearance of the electronic device.

[0063] Optionally, the shielding cover 20 includes a top wall 21, a first flange structure 22, a second flange structure 23, and a third flange structure 24. The first flange structure 22 is a flange structure extending from the first side edge of the top wall 21, the second flange structure 23 is a flange structure extending from the second side edge of the top wall 21, and the third flange structure 24 is a flange structure extending from the third side edge of the top wall 21. The top wall 21 is electrically connected to the bottom wall 11 through the first flange structure 22, the second flange structure 23, and the third flange structure 24. The first side edge and the third side edge are the side edges of the top wall 21 away from the first side wall 12, and the second side edge is the side edge of the top wall 21 away from the second side wall 13. The second side edge is located between the first side edge and the third side edge. The top wall 21 also includes a fourth side edge facing the first side wall 12, a fifth side edge facing the second side wall 13, and a sixth side edge away from the second side wall 13. The sixth side edge is located between the first side edge and the fourth side edge.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, when a third radial opening is provided on the side where the sixth side edge is located, the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the fourth, fifth, and sixth side edges to the width of the first cavity is greater than 4.

[0065] like Figure 7 As shown, when a fourth flange structure electrically connected to the bottom wall 11 is formed on one side of the sixth side edge, the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the fourth and fifth side edges to the width of the first cavity is greater than 4.

[0066] For example, when the antenna cavity 31 includes two radiating openings, the sum of the lengths of the opening edges of the antenna cavity 31 is the sum of the lengths of the two radiating openings; while when the antenna cavity 31 includes three radiating openings, the sum of the lengths of the opening edges of the antenna cavity 31 is the sum of the lengths of the three radiating openings.

[0067] Furthermore, by setting the ratio of the length and value of the opening edge of the antenna cavity 31 to the critical width of the antenna cavity 31 to be greater than 4, the antenna structure 30 can excite more antenna modes, thereby improving the frequency band coverage of the antenna structure 30.

[0068] The critical width of the antenna cavity 31 can be understood as the width dimension of the first cavity 311.

[0069] Optionally, such as Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device also includes a circuit board 40, which is located inside the antenna cavity 31;

[0070] The antenna structure 30 also includes a first feed point 321 and a second feed point 322 that are electrically connected to the feed structure 32, and the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 are disposed on the circuit board 40.

[0071] In this embodiment, by setting two feed points from the feed structure 32, different regional mode components can be effectively excited, thereby enabling the antenna structure 30 to excite more antenna modes.

[0072] Alternatively, the electronic device may also include a data interface, and the first sidewall 12 is provided with an opening structure adapted to the data interface;

[0073] The shielding cover 20 is provided with a clearance opening 25 adapted to the data interface;

[0074] The first power supply point 321 and the second power supply point 322 are located on both sides of the avoidance opening 25, respectively.

[0075] In this embodiment, by distributing the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 at intervals and spanning the left and right regions of the first cavity 311, the mode components of different regions can be effectively excited.

[0076] In some implementations, the interval between the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 can be greater than 20 mm.

[0077] Optionally, the antenna structure 30 may further include a first tuning structure 33, a second tuning structure 34, and a third tuning structure 35;

[0078] The first tuning structure 33 and the second tuning structure 34 are located inside the first cavity 311 and are electrically connected to the circuit board 40.

[0079] The second tuning structure 34 is located inside the second cavity 312 and is electrically connected to the circuit board 40.

[0080] Further optionally, the electronic device also includes a first switch 51 and a second switch 52, a first tuning structure 33 and a second tuning structure 34 being electrically connected to the circuit board 40 via the first switch 51; and a third tuning structure 35 being electrically connected to the circuit board 40 via the second switch 52.

[0081] Furthermore, since the width of the first cavity 311 is greater than the width of the second cavity 312, that is, by designing the cavity of the antenna cavity 31 into a long and narrow shape, and since different mode field distribution areas have different characteristics, some modes are distributed in the left region with stronger energy, and some modes are distributed in the right region with stronger energy, by dividing the feeding structure 32 into two feeding points, the first feeding point 321 and the second feeding point 322, and by distributing the first feeding point 321 and the second feeding point 322 alternately, so that they span the left and right regions of the first cavity 311, the antenna structure 30 can excite the mode components in different regions, and the tuning switch can effectively realize the switching of the mode resonant frequency, achieving multi-frequency coverage, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the frequency band coverage range of the antenna structure 30.

[0082] It should be added that the antenna cavity 31 can be filled with a dielectric layer, which can be a circuit board dielectric layer or a dielectric layer of other devices.

[0083] For example, when the antenna cavity 31 is filled with a circuit board dielectric layer, a first dielectric layer may also be filled in the antenna cavity 31. This first dielectric layer may be an air dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer can be understood as the dielectric layer filling the cavity space within the antenna cavity 31, excluding the circuit board dielectric layer.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the cavity thickness of the antenna cavity 31 is H, its critical width dimension is W, and the sum of its opening edge lengths is L = L1 + L2 + W, where L1 represents the length of the fourth side edge, L2 represents the length of the fifth side edge, and W represents the width dimension of the first cavity. The critical width dimension is selected between 35 mm and 60 mm.

[0085] Since antenna structure 30 is essentially an irregular 1 / 4 patch antenna, its fundamental mode transverse electric (TE) resonant frequency satisfies the formula ε represents the dielectric constant of the equivalent medium inside the L-shaped antenna cavity. If we consider fc to be 0.7GHz-0.96GHz, the range of W without loading is 78.125 mm to 107.1 mm. Considering the medium FR4 (ε = 4.2) filling, W is 38.12 mm to 52.26 mm. Considering that the actual filling is generally not full filling, the equivalent ε will be smaller. However, the glass cover at the aperture has an additional load, and a key width that needs to be protected is about 35 mm to 60 mm. In actual simulation, if W is less than 40 mm, the fundamental mode is already above 1 GHz, and the loss due to loading will be too large, making it impossible to achieve an efficient antenna.

[0086] However, using higher-order modes to cover lower frequencies is extremely difficult, reaching 900MHz. Figure 10a The second resonance, TE 0.5,1 The mode, related to the length and value of the longer side L, is less sensitive to lowering the resonant frequency than increasing the length of the longer side W. The ratio of the length and value of the outer edge of the opening L to the critical width W must be greater than 4 (this requirement of greater than 4 is also very critical because it is unrealistic for a single resonant cavity antenna to cover a frequency band from 0.7-2.7 GHz, while the bandwidth of a single mode is very narrow, usually only tens of megahertz. It is necessary to lower the intrinsic resonant frequencies of higher-order modes (half-wave number in the length direction can even be as high as 5th) by increasing the length. Generally, at least two resonators are needed for the intermediate frequency and two for the high frequency to ensure sufficient mode operation and good bandwidth coverage in the intermediate and high frequencies, such as... Figure 9 As shown. Only with sufficient length can low-frequency radiation efficiency be guaranteed, achieving acceptable overall efficiency even with a narrow impedance bandwidth. The formula for calculating the resonant frequency of the corresponding higher-order modes can be referenced from the cavity design, but the actual situation is extremely complex; because with such a relatively long L-shaped antenna cavity and a metal back cover, the energy distribution of the modes within the cavity is sometimes not even distributed throughout the entire cavity space due to the loading of the slots and the boundary control of grounding.

[0087] In one embodiment, H can be set to 3 mm, W to 42.75 mm, and L = L1 + L2 + W to 180.35 mm + 83.9 mm + 42.75 mm = 307 mm. That is, when the ratio of L to W is approximately 7.2, the L-shaped antenna cavity 31 is connected through the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322, and the interval between the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 is 30 mm. The first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 can both be located on the side of the antenna cavity 31 facing the first sidewall 12, and can be connected through the spring contacts on the circuit board 40.

[0088] The first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 can be symmetrical about the center of the fourth side edge and located on both sides of the center of the fourth side edge. In practical applications, the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 do not necessarily need to be symmetrical about the center of the fourth side edge; they only need to be distributed on both sides of the center of the fourth side edge.

[0089] The feeding structure 32 for outputting feeding signals to the first feeding point 321 and the second feeding point 322 can be located inside the antenna cavity 31. The feeding structure 32 can be set on the circuit board inside the antenna cavity 31 and can be connected to the first feeding point 321 and the second feeding point 322 through two transmission lines that split into two. The two transmission lines can be of equal or unequal length, and their length and width can be adjusted based on the actual scheme.

[0090] It should be noted that the distance between the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 needs to be greater than 20 mm in order to reduce the SAR value; moreover, by setting the distance between the first feed point 321 and the second feed point 322 to be greater than 20 mm, the excitation coefficient of some modes that require common mode excitation can also be enhanced.

[0091] For example, if there is an additional branch in the higher-order mode before tuning to 2.5GHz, it can still be effectively excited when switching to the B1 receiving band. However, if there is only the excitation of the second connection position of the power supply structure 32, the excitation level will become extremely low when switching to the B1 receiving mode for B1 coverage, and the resonance loss will be too large to be usable.

[0092] In addition, the antenna cavity 31 may also include three tuning structures, which are generally electrically connected to the circuit board by means of spring clips or other snap-fit ​​methods.

[0093] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna structure 30 includes a first tuning structure 33, a second tuning structure 34, and a third tuning structure 35. The first tuning structure 33 can be located on the vertical bisector of the fourth side edge (for example, by adding a capacitor, the two intermediate frequency modes can be lowered, and with the matching switch, the B3 band can be covered). The minimum distance between the second tuning structure 34 and the vertical bisector of the fourth side edge is 28 mm, and the distance between it and the plane where the first radiating opening is located is 7 mm (for example, by adding an inductor, combined with the capacitor added to the third tuning structure 35, and with the matching switch, the second intermediate frequency resonance can be raised, and the first high frequency resonance can be lowered, covering the B1 band). The third tuning structure 35 can be located on one side of the plane where the second radiating opening is located, and the grounding area of ​​the third tuning structure 35 can correspond to the middle area of ​​the fifth side edge (for example, the B1 band or the B41 band can be tuned by adding a capacitor, or the B41 band can be tuned by adding an inductor).

[0094] The aforementioned tuning structure distribution needs to be set in the strong electric field region of the corresponding resonant mode. Different tuning structures have different effectiveness in switching between different modes, and some spacing parameters are variable because the electric field distribution of some higher-order modes is actually quite wide. The first tuning structure 33 and the second tuning structure 34 can both be connected to the loading switch (i.e., the first switch 51) on the circuit board, and the third tuning structure 35 can be connected to the loading switch (i.e., the second switch 52) on the circuit board 40. By loading different capacitance and inductance values ​​through the loading switch, the multi-mode resonant frequency can be controlled to achieve coverage of different frequency bands. A matching circuit can generally also be set at the power supply structure 32. The matching circuit can include a switch to assist the loading switch in optimizing the input impedance of the corresponding frequency band under different states. By limiting the range of W value and L / W and loading in three regions, multiple modes can exist below 3GHz. The low frequency uses the fundamental mode, the mid-frequency two modes are adjustable, and the high-frequency two modes are adjustable, so as to achieve LMH band coverage in the all-metal back cover environment of electronic devices.

[0095] like Figures 10a to 10f The figures show the return loss (solid black line), radiation efficiency (dashed black line), and overall efficiency (dotted black line) for the B5 / B8 / B3 / B1 / B40 / B41 frequency bands under the overall system environment. When L1 > L2, the low-frequency radiation efficiency is better than when L2 > L1, but the space occupied increases. The average radiation efficiency / overall efficiency for each frequency band is: B5: -6.5dB / -8.5dB; B8: -4.5dB / -7.3dB; B3: -6.3dB / -7.3dB; B1 tx: -7.6dB / -8.6dB; B1 rx: -7dB / -8.9dB; B40: -5dB / -5.2dB; B41: -6.2dB / -7.5dB. Low-frequency B5 / B8 are single-mode (TE...). 0.5,0 Coverage is provided by B3 / B1 / B40 / B41, which offer dual-mode coverage in the mid-to-high frequencies. The highest number of submodes is 2.6GHz for B41, similar to TE. 0.5,4.5 The pattern of the field.

[0096] Additionally, in a fully functional environment, when the distance between the antenna structure and human tissue is 5 millimeters, the following should be adopted: Figure 4 The antenna structure 30 shown has extremely low SAR values ​​in all frequency bands. The principle is that the edge opening of the antenna cavity 31 has a long length and a large aperture, resulting in a uniform field distribution; moreover, the feeding structure 32 adopts a one-to-two dual-feed method, which disperses the field energy and has a very low SAR value.

[0097] Optionally, such as Figures 5 to 7As shown, the top wall 21 of the shielding cover 20 includes a first top surface 211 corresponding to the first cavity 311, and a second top surface 212 and a third top surface 213 corresponding to the second cavity 312, and the third top surface 213 is located between the second top surface 212 and the second side wall 13.

[0098] The height differences between the first top surface 211, the second top surface 212, and the third top surface 213 and the bottom wall 11 are different for each other.

[0099] Alternatively, the height of the third top surface 213 from the bottom wall 11 is greater than the height of the second top surface 212 from the bottom wall 11, and the height of the third top surface 213 from the bottom wall 11 is less than the height of the first top surface 211 from the bottom wall 11.

[0100] The second top surface 212 and the third top surface 213 can be arranged side by side.

[0101] In addition, by adjusting the position of the tuning structure, the resonant frequencies of different modes can be excited, thereby achieving coverage of different antenna modes.

[0102] It is understood that the tuning structure includes, but is not limited to, the first tuning structure 33, the second tuning structure 34, and the third tuning structure 35 mentioned above.

[0103] like Figure 7 As shown, the height of the second top surface 212 from the bottom wall 11 can be set to H1, the height of the third top surface 213 from the bottom wall 11 can be set to H2, and the height of the first top surface 211 from the bottom wall 11 can be set to H3. In addition, the key width dimension of the antenna cavity 31 can be set to W, and the opening edge length and value L = L1 + L2 can be set, where L1 represents the length of the fourth side edge, L2 represents the length of the fifth side edge, and W represents the width dimension of the first cavity.

[0104] Among them, the critical width W affects the low-frequency resonant frequency, where the fundamental mode TE 0.50.5 Reference cavity antenna formula Let a be W and b be L1, where L1 must be greater than W. If L1 is less than W, then L1 is defined as the key width.

[0105] In some implementations, the sum of the outer edge lengths of the opening is L = L1 + L2 = 85.79 mm + 171.77 mm = 257.56 mm; the required value of the critical width W is between 35 mm and 60 mm.

[0106] Specifically, the ratio of the outer edge length L to the critical width W can be set to be greater than 4 to ensure that more higher-order modes fall within the 3GHz range, facilitating control. For example... Figure 11 As shown, return loss is represented by three modes: low-frequency fundamental mode, mid-frequency mode, and high-frequency mode.

[0107] For example, the ratio of the length L of the outer edge of the opening to the critical width W is approximately 5.35, and the connection position of the feed structure 32 can be close to the fourth side edge, and can be connected based on the spring clips on the circuit board. The feed structure 32 can be located inside the antenna cavity 31, and can generally be disposed on the circuit board. Moreover, the L-shaped antenna cavity 31 can also be provided with a fourth tuning structure 36 and a fifth tuning structure 37, and both the fourth tuning structure 36 and the fifth tuning structure 37 can be electrically connected to the circuit board via spring clips or other snap-fit ​​electrical connections.

[0108] The fourth tuning structure 36 can be disposed inside the antenna cavity 31, and the distance between the fourth tuning structure 36 and the plane where the first radiating opening is located is 28.47 mm (short circuit can tune the B3 or B1 band, and the loaded capacitor can tune the B40 or B41 band); the fifth tuning structure 37 is close to the plane where the first radiating opening is located, and the distance between the fifth and fifth tuning structures is 4.47 mm (the fourth tuning structure 36 is loaded with a capacitor, which can tune the low-frequency B5 band; switching to short circuit can provide a mode for the B41 band). In addition, the positions of the fourth tuning structure 36 and the fifth tuning structure 37 are also variable, and the tuning is only effective in the electric field strong field region of the corresponding mode.

[0109] Furthermore, the fourth tuning structure 36 can be electrically connected to the circuit board via a loading switch, and the fifth tuning switch can also be electrically connected to the circuit board via a loading switch. This allows for the application of different capacitor and inductor values ​​through different loading switches, enabling the control of the multi-mode resonant frequency and achieving coverage of different frequency bands. Moreover, the power supply structure 32 typically includes a matching circuit, which may include a switch to assist in optimizing the input impedance of the corresponding frequency band under different loading switch states.

[0110] like Figures 12a to 12f The figures show the return loss (solid black line), radiation efficiency (dashed black line), and overall efficiency (dotted black line) for the B5 / B8 / B3 / B1 / B40 / B41 frequency bands under the overall system environment. The average radiation efficiency / overall efficiency for each frequency band is: B5: -8.1dB / -10.5dB; B8: -7dB / -9.8dB; B3: -5.5dB / -8.5dB; B1 tx: -4.7dB / -5.1dB; B1 rx: -5.6dB / -6.3dB; B40: -6.2dB / -7.2dB; B41: -5.9dB / -8.1dB. B5 / B8 are single-mode (TE) 0.5,0.5 ) coverage, intermediate frequency B3 is single-mode (folded TE) 0.5,2 ) Coverage, B1 is a tri-mode (folded TE) 0.5,2 folded TE 0.5,3 folded TE 0.5,4) Coverage, B40 is a single-mode (folded TE) 0.5,4 ) Coverage, B41 is a tri-mode (folded TE) 0.5,5 (and other higher-order hybrid modes) coverage.

[0111] Additionally, in a fully functional environment, when the distance between the antenna structure and human tissue is 5 millimeters, the following should be adopted: Figure 7 The antenna structure 30 shown exhibits extremely low SAR values ​​across all frequency bands. This is because the antenna cavity 31 has a long edge opening length, a large aperture, a uniform field distribution, and a very low SAR value.

[0112] like Figure 13 For the rectangular strip antenna structure shown, the key requirement is that the ratio of the width W to the length of the outer edge of the opening, L = L1 + 2 * W, must still satisfy L / W > 4.

[0113] like Figure 14 The antenna structure shown can be a U-shaped structure. The key is that the ratio of the width W and the length of the outer edge of the opening, L = L1 + L2 + L3, must still satisfy L / W > 4.

[0114] like Figure 15 The antenna structure shown can be divided into two (or more) cavities. Multi-mode excitation and multi-frequency coverage are achieved by feeding into different cavities via a one-to-two (or one-to-many) splitter. The black circles in the diagram represent feed points, and the black hollow circles represent feed structures 32. The critical ratio of the width W and the sum of the outer edge lengths of the opening, L = L1 + L2 + L3, must still satisfy L / W > 4.

[0115] like Figure 16 The antenna structure shown may include two LMH antennas 301 and one Global Positioning System (GPS) + Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) antenna 302. The LMH antennas 301 and the GPS + WiFi antenna 302 are cavity antennas, and the openings of the cavity antennas may face the screen side of the electronic device. In addition, the antenna structure may also include an IFA antenna 303, which may be located below the glass cover of the camera trim of the electronic device and facing the back, so that the WiFi antenna can have better coverage.

[0116] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0117] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: include: A metal back cover, the metal back cover including a bottom wall, and a first side wall and a second side wall connected to two adjacent side edges of the bottom wall; A shielding cover is provided corresponding to the area enclosed by the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall; An antenna structure is provided, comprising an antenna cavity and a feeding structure. The antenna cavity is formed based on the bottom wall and the shielding cover. The antenna cavity includes a first cavity corresponding to the first side wall and a second cavity corresponding to the second side wall, and the first cavity and the second cavity are connected. The feeding structure is disposed in the first cavity. Wherein, the width direction of the first cavity is perpendicular to the width direction of the second cavity, and the width dimension of the first cavity is greater than the width dimension of the second cavity, and the antenna cavity is an L-shaped antenna cavity; The first cavity has a first radial opening on the side facing the first sidewall, and the second cavity has a second radial opening on the side facing the second sidewall; Wherein, the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the first and second radiating openings to the width of the first cavity is greater than 4; The top wall of the shielding cover includes a first top surface corresponding to the first cavity, and a second top surface and a third top surface corresponding to the second cavity, wherein the third top surface is located between the second top surface and the second side wall; The height differences between the first top surface, the second top surface, and the third top surface and the bottom wall are all different.

2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, The shielding cover includes a top wall, a first flange structure, a second flange structure, and a third flange structure. The first flange structure is a flange structure extending from a first side edge of the top wall, the second flange structure is a flange structure extending from a second side edge of the top wall, and the third flange structure is a flange structure extending from a third side edge of the top wall. The top wall is electrically connected to the bottom wall through the first flange structure, the second flange structure, and the third flange structure. The first side edge and the third side edge are side edges of the top wall away from the first side edge, and the second side edge is a side edge of the top wall away from the second side edge, and the second side edge is located between the first side edge and the third side edge. The top wall also includes a fourth side edge facing the first side edge, a fifth side edge facing the second side wall, and a sixth side edge away from the second side wall, and the sixth side edge is located between the first side edge and the fourth side edge.

3. The electronic device of any of claims 1-2, wherein, The electronic device also includes a circuit board located within the antenna cavity; The antenna structure further includes a first feed point and a second feed point electrically connected to the feeding structure, and the first feed point and the second feed point are disposed on the circuit board.

4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein, The electronic device also includes a data interface, and the first sidewall is provided with an opening structure adapted to the data interface; The shielding cover is provided with a clearance opening adapted to the data interface; The first power supply point and the second power supply point are located on both sides of the clearance opening, respectively.

5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein, The antenna structure further includes a first tuning structure, a second tuning structure, and a third tuning structure; The first tuning structure and the second tuning structure are located within the first cavity and are electrically connected to the circuit board; The third tuning structure is located within the second cavity and is electrically connected to the circuit board.

6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein, The electronic device further includes a first switch and a second switch. The first tuning structure and the second tuning structure are electrically connected to the circuit board through the first switch, and the third tuning structure is electrically connected to the circuit board through the second switch.

7. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein, The distance between the first feed point and the second feed point is greater than 20 mm.

8. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein, The antenna cavity is filled with a first dielectric layer.

9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, The distance between the third top surface and the bottom wall is greater than the distance between the second top surface and the bottom wall, and the distance between the third top surface and the bottom wall is less than the distance between the first top surface and the bottom wall.

10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein, The second top surface and the third top surface are arranged side by side.

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